Results for 'Lennart Pinomaa'
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- Saako ihminen vastauksen.Pinomaa,Lennart &[From Old Catalog] -1967 - Porvoo: W. Söderström. Edited by Kaarie[From Old Catalog] Kurki-Suonio.Export citation
Bookmark - Luther.Franz Lau,Robert H. Fischer,LennartPinomaa &Walter J. Kukkonen -1963No categoriesExport citation Bookmark
- Lennart Åqvist. Results concerning some modal systems that contain S2. The journal of symbolic logic, vol. 29 (1964), pp. 79–87. - E. J. Lemmon. Some results on finite axiomatlzability in modal logic. Notre Dame journal of formal logic, vol. 6 (1965), pp. 301–308. - E. J. Lemmon. A note on Halldén-incompleteness. Notre Dame journal of formal logic, vol. 7 no. 4 (for 1966, pub. 1968), pp. 296–300. [REVIEW]Lennart Aqvist &E. J. Lemmon -1970 -Journal of Symbolic Logic 34 (4):648-649.
- Hälsosamma tankar: 11 filosofiska uppsatser tillägnadeLennart Nordenfelt.Lennart Nordenfelt,Per-Erik Liss &Bo Petersson -1995No categories
- Reflections on the 2021 Nobel Memorial Prize Awarded to David Card, Joshua Angrist, and Guido Imbens.Lennart B. Ackermans -2023 -Erasmus Journal for Philosophy and Economics 16 (1):77-96.The 2021 Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel was awarded to David Card “for his empirical contributions to labour economics”, and to Joshua Angrist and Guido Imbens “for their methodological contributions to the analysis of causal relationships”.Lennart B. Ackermans reflects on Card, Angrist, and Imben's work. -/- Ackermans argues, first, that advances in causal methodology from Angrist and Imbens have helped solve the credibility crisis in econometrics and revealed shortcomings in past and present (...) graduate textbooks in econometrics. Second, for the field to develop further, economists must resolve the current disputes surrounding causal frameworks. The article compares the merits of the three frameworks for causal modelling proposed by, respectively, Donald Rubin, Judea Pearl, and James Heckman. (shrink)
- Philosophical essays dedicated toLennart Åqvist on his fiftieth birthday.Lennart Åqvist &Tom Pauli (eds.) -1982 - Uppsala: [Philosophical Society and Dept. of Philosophy, University of Uppsala].
- Quality of Life, Health and Happiness.Lennart Nordenfelt -unknownThe basic work for this book was carried out during the spring of 1989 in Edinburgh, where I had been granted a research position at The Institute for Advanced Studies in the Humanities. I should like to express here my indebtedness to the Institute for the opportunity thus afforded me. I should also like to say how very grateful I am for the stimulating conversations I had there with Professor Timothy Sprigge and Dr. Elizabeth Telfer. Dr. Telfers’s own treatise Happiness (...) has been a major influence on my view of the questions involved. The basic view of health and illness presented in this book is more fully set out in my On the Nature of Health. As in the case of my previous larger projects, I have received a great amount of support and may wise comments from Professor Ingmar Pörn, Helsinki. Three Danish experts – Anton Aggernaes, Erik Ostenfeld and Peter Sandøe – have made valuable comments. Professor Heng ten Have, Nijmegen, has improved my reading of the philosophy of Jeremy Bentham. I should also like to thank my colleagues at the Department of Health and Society, University of Linköping, for helping me to avoid a number of the pitfalls that can so easily stumble into when it comes to a treatise like this. Especially I should like to mentioned Per-Erik Liss, Ingemar Nordin and Bo Petersson, all three of whom have read and commented on the entire manuscript. A Swedish version of this book, Livskvalitet och hälsa, came out in 1991. I have been made quite a number of corrections and additions, one type of addition being replies to critical points made in reviews of the Swedish version. I should like to thank Malcolm Forbes for valuable help putting my English into publishable condition. Linköping, May 1993Lennart Noredenfelt. (shrink)
- On a Supposed Tautology.Lennart Åqvist -1962 -Analysis 22 (3):66.No categories
- A partial evaluator, and its use as a programming tool.Lennart Beckman,Anders Haraldson,Östen Oskarsson &Erik Sandewall -1976 -Artificial Intelligence 7 (4):319-357.
- Towards a new paradigm for health promotion.Lennart Nordenfelt -2000 -Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy 3 (3):315-317.
- Är Gud annorlunda?Lennart Nordenfelt -2020 - Stockholm: Appell Förlag.No categories
- The Nature of Vital Goals: Comment on Andrew Bloodworth’s Review of Rationality and Compulsion.Lennart Nordenfelt -2009 -Health Care Analysis 17 (1):92-94.
- Unidimensional scaling of multidimensional facial expressions.Lennart Sjoberg -1968 -Journal of Experimental Psychology 78 (3p1):429.
- The concepts of health and illness revisited.Lennart Nordenfelt -2006 -Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy 10 (1):5-10.Contemporary philosophy of health has been quite focused on the problem of determining the nature of the concepts of health, illness and disease from a scientific point of view. Some theorists claim and argue that these concepts are value-free and descriptive in the same sense as the concepts of atom, metal and rain are value-free and descriptive. To say that a person has a certain disease or that he or she is unhealthy is thus to objectively describe this person. On (...) the other hand it certainly does not preclude an additional evaluation of the state of affairs as undesirable or bad. The basic scientific description and the evaluation are, however, two independent matters, according to this kind of theory. Other philosophers claim that the concept of health, together with the other medical concepts, is essentially value-laden. To establish that a person is healthy does not just entail some objective inspection and measurement. It presupposes also an evaluation of the general state of the person. A statement that he or she is healthy does not merely imply certain scientific facts regarding the person’s body or mind but implies also a (positive) evaluation of the person’s bodily and mental state. My task in this paper will be, first, to present the two principal rival types of theories and present what I take to be the main kind of reasoning by which we could assess these theories, and second, to present a deeper characterization of the principal rival theories of health and illness. (shrink)
- Improved formulations of act-utilitarianism.Lennart Aqvist -1969 -Noûs 3 (3):299-323.The article deals with two problems that arise within moorean style act-utilitarianism (a.u.): (i) how is the notion of 'the alternatives to' a particular action to be explicated? (ii) how should a.u. be formulated in order for it to validate the laws of standard deontic logic? it is argued that these intertwined problems can be solved only if the traditional formulations a a.u. are rejected in favor of some new and more viable ones. in the literature the two problems seem (...) to have been seriously considered only by bergstrom and castaneda. in a final section the author extends his new versions of a.u. to 'sequences' of "single" particular actions and argues for the necessity of working with 'tensed' deontic notions as well as for a combination of deontic logic with tense-logic. (shrink)
- The Varieties of Dignity.Lennart Nordenfelt -2004 -Health Care Analysis 12 (2):69-81.As a part of a research project on Dignity and Older Europeans Programme) I explore in this paper a set of notions of human dignity. The general concept of dignity is introduced and characterized as a position on a value scale and it is further specified through its relations to the notions of right, respect and self-respect. I present four kinds of dignity and spell out their differences: the dignity of merit, the dignity of moral or existential stature, the dignity (...) of identity and the universal human dignity. Menschenwürde pertains to all human beings to the same extent and cannot be lost as long as the persons exist. The dignity of merit depends on social rank and position. There are many species of this kind of dignity and it is very unevenly distributed among human beings. The dignity of merit exists in degrees and it can come and go. The dignity of moral stature is the result of the moral deeds of the subject; likewise it can be reduced or lost through his or her immoral deeds. This kind of dignity is tied to the idea of a dignified character and of dignity as a virtue. The dignity of moral stature is a dignity of degree and it is also unevenly distributed. The dignity of identity is tied to the integrity of the subject's body and mind, and in many instances, although not always, also dependent on the subject's self-image. This dignity can come and go as a result of the deeds of fellow human beings and also as a result of changes in the subject's body and mind. (shrink)
- Predicate Calculi with Adjectives and Nouns.Lennart Åqvist -1981 -Journal of Philosophical Logic 10 (1):1 - 26.
- Sleeping Beauty: Why Everyone Should Be a Thirder.Lennart B. Ackermans -manuscriptThe last two decades have seen a heated debate between "halfers" and "thirders": those who believe Sleeping Beauty’s credence in a coin landing heads is 1/2 and those who believe it is 1/3 – as well as quite some alternative positions. This paper attempts to settle the debate in favour of thirdism. I present a new argument for thirdism which cannot be resisted using any of the previously used halfer strategies. My argument uses an analogy in which Sleeping Beauty has (...) a lucid dream on each day. To arrive at thirdism, she uses an unproblematic type of Bayesian conditionalisation, the principle of indifference, and the principal principle. I argue that all of these reasoning steps should be uncontroversial. Finally, I argue that all published defences of halfism are untenable. (shrink)
- Three characterizability problems in deontic logic.Lennart Åqvist -2000 -Nordic Journal of Philosophical Logic 5 (2):65-82.We consider an infinite hierarchy of systems of Alethic Modal Logic with so-called Levels of Perfection, and add to them suitable definitions of such interesting deontic categories as those of supererogation, offence, conditional obligation and conditional permission. We then state three problems concerning the proper characterization of the resulting logic(s) for our defined notions, and discuss two of these problems in some detail.
- The Emotive Theory of Ethics in the Light of Recent Developments in Formal Semantics and Pragmatics.Lennart Aqvist -1973 - In Sören Halldén,Modality, morality and other problems of sense and nonsense. Lund,: Gleerup. pp. 130.Export citation Bookmark
- Tense Logic.Lennart Aqvist &Franz Guenthner (eds.) -1977 - Louvain, Belgium: Nauwelaerts.No categories
- A semiotic approach to the pathology of literary Décadence.Lennart Brand -2008 -Semiotica 2008 (171):291-309.
- Notes to a recent discussion on descriptions.Lennart Ågvist -1959 -Philosophical Studies 10 (2):28 - 30.
- Reflections on the role of basic sciences in Third World countries.Lennart Hasselgren -1990 - Stockholm: Swedish Agency for Research Cooperation with Developing Countries. Edited by J. S. Nilsson.
- Tid och evighet hos Sören Kierkegaard.Lennart Koskinen -1980 - Lund: Doxa.Kierkegaard's view of time and eternity.
- A Binary Primitive in Deontic Logic.AqvistLennart -1962 -Logique Et Analyse 5 (3):90-97.
- The Theory of Projection.Lennart Posch -2024 -Human Affairs 34 (3):340-358.Whitehead’s process philosophy offers a wide range of speculatively generalized concepts that allow for an application in transdisciplinary research. The notion of projection is an often-overlooked detail of his philosophy that not only appears in his far-reaching theory of perception, but also constitutes an integral part of his theory of extension as the formal foundation of his metaphysical project. His perceptive theory relies on the idea of projection as the fundamental ontological relationship that lifts the past into the present. Projections (...) of sensa describe one side of the ‘double-barreled’ theory of perception and the spatial relations of the contemporary world. The microscopic projection is just as fundamental for perception and for the integrity of a relational theory of becoming, as the perceptual projection is necessary ingredient for symbolic modes of experience. The simple projection in the mode of presentational immediacy is the basis of temporary stability of events and of any perceptual situation in the biological realm. Whitehead was aware of the possible misconceptions that this term might lead to. Discussing his remarks on the hierarchical variety of different modes of projection can resolve those misconceptions and throw a new light on the importance of projection for interdisciplinary inquiries. (shrink)No categories
- European Newspaper Readership: Structure and Development.Lennart Weibull &Karl Erik Gustafsson -1997 -Communications 22 (3):249-274.No categories
- Differences in Learning Characteristics Between Students With High, Average, and Low Levels of Academic Procrastination: Students’ Views on Factors Influencing Their Learning.Lennart Visser,Fred A. J. Korthagen &Judith Schoonenboom -2018 -Frontiers in Psychology 9.
- On the Nature of Health an Action-Theoretic Approach.Lennart Nordenfelt -1987
- Dignity and the care of the elderly.Lennart Nordenfelt -2003 -Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy 6 (2):103-110.The main purpose of this paper is to clarify some senses of dignity that are particularly relevant for the treatment and care of the elderly. I make a distinction between two quite different ideas of dignity, on the one hand the basic kind of dignity possessed by every human being, and on the other hand the dignity which is the result of a person's merits, whether these be inherited or achieved. Common to both these ideas is that having a dignity (...) entails having a set of rights, in the case of basic dignity the set of rights which we call human rights, the rights which the United Nations, among others, has tried to determine. The dignities of merit also provide some rights, although normally rights with limited scope covering, for instance, a professional area. This observation gives my preliminary answer to the fundamental question of what distinguishes dignity from other high values that could be attached to humans. I discuss further a kind of value that might be mistaken for a kind of dignity, viz. what I call public status. This status is to be distinguished from social status (the status of e.g. kings, governors, and officials) that I take to be a proper dignity of merit. The public status is the status gained solely via public perception and not directly via any merits on the part of the dignified. Finally, I turn to the topic of the dignity of the elderly and try to determine whether there is some dignity peculiar to the elderly, and which is over and above the basicMenschenwrde. My two preliminary proposals are the following: the elderly have a dignity of wisdom and they have a highly general dignity of merit, which results from their life-long efforts and achievements, and for this they deserve our gratitude. (shrink)
- Results concerning some modal systems that contain S.Lennart Åqvist -1964 -Journal of Symbolic Logic 29 (2):79-87.
- The Ethics of the Caring Conversation.Lennart Fredriksson &Katie Eriksson -2003 -Nursing Ethics 10 (2):138-148.The aim of this study was to explore the ethical foundations for a caring conversation. The analysis is based on the ethics of Paul Ricoeur and deals with questions such as what kind of person the nurse ought to be and how she or he engages in caring conversations with suffering others. According to Ricoeur, ethics (the aim of an accomplished life) has primacy over morality (the articulation of aims in norms). At the ethical level, self-esteem and autonomy were shown (...) to be essential for a person (nurse) to act with respect and responsibility. The ethical relationship of a caring conversation was found to be asymmetrical, because of the passivity inflicted by suffering. This asymmetry was found to be potentially unethical if not balanced with reciprocity. In the ethical context, the caring conversation is one in which the nurse makes room through the ethos of caritas for a suffering person to regain his or her self-esteem, and thus makes a good life possible. (shrink)
- A note on commitment.Lennart Åqvist -1963 -Philosophical Studies 14 (1-2):22 - 25.No categories
- Dignity of the elderly: An introduction.Lennart Nordenfelt -2003 -Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy 6 (2):99-101.
- Introduction (quality of life).Lennart Nordenfelt -1999 -Ethical Theory and Moral Practice 2 (1):3-10.
- Comments on the paradox of analysis.Lennart Äqvist -1962 -Inquiry: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Philosophy 5 (1-4):260-264.A version of the so?called paradox of analysis is enunciated which involves two principles of synonymy, referred to respectively as that of substitution and that of triviality. It is argued that for most ?familiar? concepts of synonymy the former principle can be maintained whereas the latter one has to be rejected. I deal with some solutions to the paradox that have been proposed or discussed by Carnap, Lewy, Feyerabend and Hare, and adhere to Carnap's view that the puzzle arises from (...) the use of unclarified and imprecise notions of synonymy. (shrink)
- On the comparative approach to defining health: A reply to Brülde.Lennart Nordenfelt -2000 -Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy 3 (3):307-310.
- Mild Mania and the Theory of Health: A Response to" Mild Mania and Well-Being".Lennart Nordenfelt -1994 -Philosophy, Psychiatry, and Psychology 1 (3):179-184.
- On disability and illness. A reply to Edwards.Lennart Nordenfelt -1999 -Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics 20 (2):181-189.This paper is a reply to an article by Steven Edwards in a previous issue of Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics. In this paper Edwards discusses two types of problems which he finds to be inherent in my theory of disability, mainly as presented in my On the Nature of Health, Kluwer 1995. First, Edwards discerns a tension in my basic definition of health, a tension between my “subjectivistic” and my “objectivistic” aspirations in the definition. Second, he finds that my theory (...) of disability does not allow for a distinction between disability due to illness or injury and disability which has no such (at least not immediate) background. In my answer to Edwards's arguments I claim that his first criticism must be due to a misunderstanding of my intentions. I find his second criticism to be more to the point. It raises important issues in the theory of health which partly concern our interpretation of the notion of illness. Edwards introduces the notion of capacity in order to separate between disability due to illness or injury and disability without such a background. In the last part of my paper I argue that this distinction, however, will not fulfil its purpose. (shrink)
- Till sjukdomsbegreppets semantik: en begreppsanalytisk studie.Lennart Nordenfelt -1979 - Stockholm: Akademilitt..
- A diary study on the moderating role of leader-member exchange on the relationship between job characteristics, job satisfaction, and emotional exhaustion.Lennart Poetz &Judith Volmer -2022 -Frontiers in Psychology 13.Job characteristics play an essential role for the well-being of employees. When job characteristics are unfavorable, the experienced exchange relationship with one’s supervisor may become relevant to weaken negative consequences. We conducted a diary study over ten consecutive working days with 112 academics. Based on conservation of resources theory, we assumed that daily LMX constitutes a resource for employees that moderates the link between job characteristics and job satisfaction as well as emotional exhaustion. Additionally, we proposed lagged-effects of morning job (...) characteristics and LMX on next-day morning job satisfaction and emotional exhaustion. Findings from hierarchical linear modeling demonstrated that on the day-level higher perceived levels of job control in the morning were associated with higher perceived job satisfaction and lower perceived emotional exhaustion in the afternoon. The experience of increased time pressure in the morning was negatively related to perceived day-level afternoon job satisfaction and positively to perceived day-level afternoon emotional exhaustion. Within one day, perceived LMX moderated the relationship between perceived job control and perceived job satisfaction in the afternoon. We only found lagged effects of the interaction between afternoon job control and afternoon LMX on next-day morning job satisfaction. We discuss daily LMX as a resource for employees both within one day and from day-to day, along with future research directions on the buffering role of LMX. (shrink)
- Future Contingents and Determinism in Aristotle's De Interpretatione IX: Some Logical Aspects of the So-Called Second Oldest Interpretation.Lennart Åqvist -2003 -Logique Et Analyse 46 (181):13-48.Export citation Bookmark
- Notes on A. J. Ayer's "The Terminology of Sense-Data".Lennart Åqvist -1959 -Analysis 20 (5):106 - 111.
- On the Pure Theory of Third Party Conflicts in Dynamic Property Law.Lennart Åqvist -1981 -Revue Internationale de Philosophie 35 (1):3.No categories
- Actors and structures in the selection of knowledge: A case in the history of Swedish higher education.Lennart G. Svensson -1987 -History of European Ideas 8 (2):167-176.
- The Role of Quality Labels in Market-Driven Animal Welfare.Lennart Ravn Heerwagen,Morten Raun Mørkbak,Sigrid Denver,Peter Sandøe &Tove Christensen -2015 -Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics 28 (1):67-84.In policy-making the consumption of specially labelled products, and its role in improving the welfare of livestock, has attracted considerable attention. There is in many countries a diverse market for animal welfare-friendly products which is potentially confusing and may lack transparency. We ask whether special quality labels that involve medium levels of animal welfare, as compared with labels promoting premium levels of animal welfare, have a role to play in promoting improvements in animal welfare. The Danish pork market is our (...) reference case, but we also widen the context by comparing the markets for pork in three other European countries. Our findings suggest that in order to improve animal welfare through demand for welfare-friendly products it is important to maintain separate the market for products with strong animal welfare profiles from markets for products with medium levels of animal welfare where, often, animal welfare is bundled together with other food quality attributes. We conclude that such quality labels may indeed play an important role in promoting higher animal welfare standards provided that they offer real improvements in animal welfare as compared with standard products. They will be attractive to consumers with a positive, but not especially strong interest in animal welfare as an individual food attribute who would otherwise be inclined to purchase standard products. (shrink)
- On medicine and health enhancement - Towards a conceptual framework.Lennart Nordenfelt -1998 -Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy 1 (1):5-12.This paper contains an attempt at constructing a semantic framework for the field of health enhancement. The latter is here conceived as an extremely general category covering the whole area of health care and health promotion. With this framework as a basis I attempt to define the place of medicine within the enterprise of health enhancement. I finally indicate some normative issues for the future, in particular problems and possible developments for medicine as a species of health enhancement.
- Causal bias in measures of inequality of opportunity.Lennart B. Ackermans -2022 -Synthese 200 (6):1-31.In recent decades, economists have developed methods for measuring the country-wide level of inequality of opportunity. The most popular method, called the ex-ante method, uses data on the distribution of outcomes stratified by groups of individuals with the same circumstances, in order to estimate the part of outcome inequality that is due to these circumstances. I argue that these methods are potentially biased, both upwards and downwards, and that the unknown size of this bias could be large. To argue that (...) the methods are biased, I show that they ought to measure causal or counterfactual quantities, while the methods are only capable of identifying correlational information. To argue that the bias is potentially large, I illustrate how the causal complexity of the real world leads to numerous non-causal correlations between circumstances and outcomes and respond to objections claiming that such correlations are nonetheless indicators of unfair disadvantage, that is, inequality of opportunity. (shrink)
- Five Studies in Action Theory.Lennart Nordenfelt -unknownThe essays presented in this collection were written over a long period. The first two : "On the Classification of Verbs and Actions" and "On von Wright's Theory of Action" constitute steps in my preparation for the book Events, Actions, and Ordinary Language, Lund 1977. Much of the contents of the former paper was carried over to the book, whereas the analyses in the latter paper were more or less completely left out. These papers have not been published before. "On (...) Various Forms of Interaction" is a development of soroe ideas in Events, Actions, and Ordinary Language. This paper was previously published in Swedish in Henschen-Dahlqvist A-M ed. Filosofiska smulor, Festskrift tillägnad Kon rad Marc- Wogau på hans 75-årsdag, Uppsala 1977. "Action- Explanations Reconsidered" was wri t ten in 1981 and has not been previously published. It is a short presentation of a basic idea in my dissertation Explanation of Human Actions, Uppsala 1974, as well as a commentary on sorne criticisrns that could be directed against it. "On Not Being Able To Act", finally, is a slightly modified version of a paper previously published in Pauli T. ed, Philosophical essays dedicated toLennart Åqvist on his fiftieth birthday, Uppsala 1982. The analysis sketched in this paper has been more fully developed in my Disabilities and Their Classification, Linköping 1983. (shrink)No categories
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