Israel Scheffler's Ethics: Theory and Practice.L.Victor Worsfold -1997 -Studies in Philosophy and Education 16 (1/2):189-200.detailsEvincing his not uncritical allegiance to pragmatic philosophy, Isreal Scheffler's notion of ethics and its role in education is one which attempts to dissolve inherited distinctions in the field. For Scheffler's ethics, aimed always at justifiable conduct, is conduct guided by rationality, powered by emotion, responsive the needs of it agentsâ community, learned through moral education, practiced habitually, and ultimately justified by individual commitment to action. Scheffler's primary desideratum is to arrive at an ethics that is justifiable because it is (...) reasonable and so can gain our commitment. (shrink)
On some paradoxes of the infinite II.VictorAllis &Teun Koetsier -1995 -British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 46 (2):235-247.detailsIn an earlier paper the authors discussed some super-tasks by means of a kinematical interpretation. In the present paper we show a semi-formal way that a more abstract treatment is possible. The core idea of our approach is simple: if a super-task can be considered as a union of (finite) tasks, it is natural to define the effect of the super-task as the union of the effects of the finite tasks it consists of. We show that this approach enables us (...) to handle two of the three super-tasks that we discussed earlier. We also argue that recent objections against our original kinematical interpretation do not hold water. One of our arguments is based on the construction of an elegant correspondence between the first of those three super-tasks and Zeno's Achilles and the Tortois. (shrink)
On some paradoxes of the infinite.VictorAllis &Teunis Koetsier -1991 -British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 42 (2):187-194.detailsIn the paper below the authors describe three super-tasks. They show that although the abstract notion of a super-task may be, as Benacerraf suggested, a conceptual mismatch, the completion of the three super-tasks involved can be defined rather naturally, without leading to inconsistency, by means of a particular kinematical interpretation combined with a principle of continuity.
Israël et son prochain: d'après la Bible: et autres textes d'auteurs juifs anciens et contemporains.Salah Guemriche -2018 - La Tour d'Aigues: Éditions de l'Aube.detailsCet essai relate le cheminement, à travers la Bible, d'une pensée libre, en opposition à la "rétention honteuse, chez les musulmans, pour aller à la découverte de la Torah et des Evangiles" (Youssef Seddik), et à leur "indifférence pour ce qui relève de la connaissance du monde juif, de son passé ou de sa pensée" (Victor Malka). En relevant, à travers l'épopée du peuple "inventeur du dieu unique", les codes qui fondent la morale juive, l'auteur a eu le sentiment (...) de découvrir en YHWH un "Grand Ordonnateur de feuilles de route". Une route rigoureusement balisée, avec ses bornes et ses "haies" de protection - qu'en hébreu on appelle des syagim. Ainsi, après quatre années passées à glaner sur les "terres" du judaïsme biblique, telle Ruth glanant sur les terres de Booz, après avoir étudié plus de cent textes juifs, anciens et contemporains, l'auteur interroge ici le rapport du Juif à son prochain (parent, voisin, étranger, allié ou ennemi). Une découverte. (shrink)
Combining Valuations with Society Semantics.Víctor L. Fernández &Marcelo E. Coniglio -2003 -Journal of Applied Non-Classical Logics 13 (1):21-46.detailsSociety Semantics, introduced by W. Carnielli and M. Lima-Marques, is a method for obtaining new logics from the combination of agents of a given logic. The goal of this paper is to present several generalizations of this method, as well as to show some applications to many-valued logics. After a reformulation of Society Semantics in a wider setting, we develop in detail two examples of application of the new formalism, characterizing a hierarchy of paraconsistent logics called Pn and a hierarchy (...) of paracomplete logics In. We also propose three further generalizations, obtaining Society Semantics for several many-valued logics, including a hierarchy of logics called In Pk which are both paraconsistent and paracomplete. (shrink)
Pourquoi aristote a besoin de l'imagination.Victor Caston &J. -L. Labarrière -forthcoming -Les Etudes Philosophiques.detailsLe présent article offre une nouvelle interprétation du concept aristotélicien d' « imagination » ou phantasia par les moyens d'une lecture attentive du Traité de l'âme, III, 3, tout particulièrement de son début. Aristote soutient que ses prédécesseurs ne peuvent expliquer comment l'erreur se produit. Mais c'est également une difficulté pour sa propre explication des formes de base de la perception et de la pensée, et Aristote introduit la phantasia précisément pour répondre à cette question. Il soutient qu'elle ne peut (...) être réduite aux autres états mentaux et offre donc une nouvelle explication causale du contenu, laquelle explique comment un état mental peut être aussi bien vrai que faux. The present article offers a new interpretation of Aristotle's concept of « imagination » or phantasia through a close reading of On the Soul, 3. 3, with special attention to the chapter's opening. Aristotle argues that his predecessors cannot explain how error can ever occur. But it is equally a difficulty for his own account of the most basic types of perception and thought, and Aristotle introduces phantasia precisely to answer this problem. He argues that it cannot be reduced to other mental states and then offers a new causal account of content which explains how a mental state can be either true or false. (shrink)
Conceptual obstacles in computerized medical diagnosis.Victor L. Yu -1983 -Journal of Medicine and Philosophy 8 (1):67-76.detailsDespite extensive research and a multitude of computer systems, there is no viable computerized system that is even remotely capable of approaching the skill of an expert human physician. Minor obstacles in the design of a practical system include imprecise medical terminology, the use of nonindependent clinical parameters, incorrect or inaccurate information supplied to the computer, and static representation of a patient's medical history. Major problems that go beyond computer manipulation of data include the requirement for a massive data base, (...) representation of medical knowledge in general rather than specific terms, and physician fallibility in the design of a computer system. CiteULike Connotea Del.icio.us What's this? (shrink)
Hierarchies in φ‐spaces and applications.Victor L. Selivanov -2005 -Mathematical Logic Quarterly 51 (1):45-61.detailsWe establish some results on the Borel and difference hierarchies in φ-spaces. Such spaces are the topological counterpart of the algebraic directed-complete partial orderings. E.g., we prove analogs of the Hausdorff Theorem relating the difference and Borel hierarchies and of the Lavrentyev Theorem on the non-collapse of the difference hierarchy. Some of our results generalize results of A. Tang for the space Pω. We also sketch some older applications of these hierarchies and present a new application to the question of (...) characterizing the ω-ary Boolean operations generating a given level of the Wadge hierarchy from the open sets. (shrink)
Intercultural criticism of spiritual warfare.Victor L. Budha -2022 -HTS Theological Studies 78 (3).detailsThe text of Ephesians 6:10–20 reframes the sectors of what we know as ‘spiritual warfare’ to tackle demons that menace and disturb people’s daily life. Reading this text from an African perspective helps to understand the text as well as believers in Africa to efficiently use the proposed weapons.Contribution: An approach such as an intercultural criticism with the aid of a four-legged stool model in this research proved to be appropriate.
Hierarchies of Δ 0 2 ‐measurablek‐partitions.Victor L. Selivanov -2007 -Mathematical Logic Quarterly 53 (4-5):446-461.detailsAttempts to extend the classical Hausdorff difference hierarchy to the case of partitions of a space to k > 2 subsets lead to non‐equivalent notions. In a hope to identify the “right” extension we consider the extensions appeared in the literature so far: the limit‐, level‐, Boolean and Wadge hierarchies of k ‐partitions. The advantages and disadvantages of the four hierarchies are discussed. The main technical contribution of this paper is a complete characterization of the Wadge degrees of Δ02‐measurable k (...) ‐partitions of the Baire space. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim). (shrink)
Bourdieu’s Five Lessons for Criminology.Victor L. Shammas -2018 -Law and Critique 29 (2):201-219.detailsDrawing on a close reading of Pierre Bourdieu’s works, I offer five lessons for a science of crime and punishment: always historicize; dissect symbolic categories; produce embodied accounts; avoid state thought; and embrace commitment. I offer illustrative examples and demonstrate the practical implications of Bourdieu’s ideas, and I apply the lessons to a critique of orthodox criminology.
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The ‘absolute existence’ of phlogiston: the losing party's point of view.Victor D. Boantza &G. A. L. Ofer -2011 -British Journal for the History of Science 44 (3):317-342.detailsLong after its alleged demise, phlogiston was still presented, discussed and defended by leading chemists. Even some of the leading proponents of the new chemistry admitted its ‘absolute existence’. We demonstrate that what was defended under the title ‘phlogiston’ was no longer a particular hypothesis about combustion and respiration. Rather, it was a set of ontological and epistemological assumptions and the empirical practices associated with them. Lavoisier's gravimetric reduction, in the eyes of the phlogistians, annihilated the autonomy of chemistry together (...) with its peculiar concepts of chemical substance and quality, chemical process and chemical affinity. The defence of phlogiston was the defence of a distinctly chemical conception of matter and its appearances, a conception which reflected the chemist's acquaintance with details and particularities of substances, properties and processes and his skills of adducing causal relations from the interplay between their complexity and uniformity. (shrink)
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Business ethics for future leaders.Victor L. Heller,Jacob A. Heller &Nathan A. Heller (eds.) -2021 - San Diego: Cognella.detailsBusiness Ethics for Future Leaders presents students with contemporary readings in the discipline that highlight the changing dynamics of ethics in today's business world and challenge readers to transcend the traditional leadership mindset. In Section I, students read articles that address how ethical behavior can contribute to organizational success, why individuals view ethical behavior differently, and how leaders can incorporate ethical principles into their decision making. Section II focuses on ethical challenges in the multigenerational workplace. In Sections III and IV, (...) students learn about the ideal mindset for ethical leaders and ethical challenges related to cyber security and the internet. Additional sections discuss the ethics of business decision making, sustainable environmental management, and ethical climate and safety performance. The final section speaks to ethical public affairs, issues, and crisis management. Featuring highly accessible readings, Business Ethics for Future Leaders is an ideal supplemental textbook for courses in business and leadership. (shrink)
Spirit and psyche: a new paradigm for psychology, psychoanalysis, and psychotherapy.Victor L. Schermer -2003 - Philadelphia, PA: Jessica Kingsley Publishers.detailsThis book explores the literature on spirituality as an important dimension of psychology, and explains the relationship between psychological treatment and ...
Investigating Constituent Order Change With Elicited Pantomime: A Functional Account of SVO Emergence.Matthew L. Hall,Victor S. Ferreira &Rachel I. Mayberry -2014 -Cognitive Science 38 (5):943-972.detailsOne of the most basic functions of human language is to convey who did what to whom. In the world's languages, the order of these three constituents (subject [S], verb [V], and object [O]) is uneven, with SOV and SVO being most common. Recent experiments using experimentally elicited pantomime provide a possible explanation of the prevalence of SOV, but extant explanations for the prevalence of SVO could benefit from further empirical support. Here, we test whether SVO might emerge because (a) (...) SOV is not well suited for describing reversible events (a woman pushing a boy) and (b) pressures to be efficient and mention subjects before objects conspire to rule out many other alternatives. We tested this by asking participants to describe reversible and non‐reversible events in pantomime, and we instructed some participants to be consistent in the form of their gestures and to teach them to the experimenter. These manipulations led to the emergence of SVO in speakers of both English (SVO) and Turkish (SOV). (shrink)
A Nonidealist's Guide to Dispute Resolution.Victor L. Rosenberg,Patricia C. Kelley &Ralph D. Kidder -1998 -Business and Society 37 (2):184-220.detailsRegulation theories focus primarily on the behavior of regulatory agencies. In this article, the authors elevate the level of analysis to study the disputes these agencies address. This change of analytic level has two advantages. First, it highlights the importance of other forms of dispute resolution. Second, it provides for specific dispute resolution strategies. The article uses systems and behavioral theories as the underpinnings of a broad model of societal regulation that offers strategies for avoiding and managing societal disputes.
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The parrhesia of neo-fascism.Victor L. Shammas -2019 -International Journal of Žižek Studies 13 (3).detailsIn his late lectures, Foucault developed the ancient Greek concept of parrhesia, a courage to speak the truth in the face of danger. While not entirely uncritical of the notion, Foucault seemed to find something of an ideal in the political and aesthetic ideal of franc-parler, of speaking freely and courageously. Simultaneously, the post-1968 political valorized the ideal of parrhesia, or “speaking truth to power”: parrhesia seemed inherently progressive, the sole preserve of the left. But a cursory inspection of the (...) annals of Nazism and fascism shows that these movements also aligned themselves with parrhesiastical modes of expression. The fragmented, disparate strands of today’s neo-fascist revival, too, are closely imbricated with the notion of speaking valiantly in the face of supposed orthodoxies: in many ways, the preeminent parrhesiasts today are found on the neo-fascist side. This points to an essential weakness in the concept of parrhesia, particularly in terms of its value and valence as a strategy for the political left. Perhaps it matters less how we speak—being caught up in language games—than what policies and programs we enact. Žižek’s plea for a renewed dogmatic orthodoxy and Chesterton’s criticism of heresy offer ways out of the parrhesiastical trap. (shrink)
Peer reporting of unethical behavior: The influence of justice evaluations and social context factors. [REVIEW]BartVictor,Linda Klebe Trevino &Debra L. Shapiro -1993 -Journal of Business Ethics 12 (4):253 - 263.detailsThis field survey in a fast food restaurant setting tested the hypothesized influences of two social context variables (role responsibility and interests of group members) and justice evaluations (distributive, procedural, and retributive) on respondents' inclination to report theft and their theft reporting behavior. The results provided mixed support for the hypotheses. Inclination to report a peer for theft was associated with role responsibility, the interests of group members, and procedural justice perceptions. Actual reporting behavior was associated with the inclination to (...) report and with retributive justice evaluations. Implications for future research and for management are discussed. (shrink)
Theories of Justice and Rights.J. L. Mackie,Victor Moberger &Jonas Olson -2024 - Oxford: Oxford University Press.detailsJohn Leslie Mackie (1917–81) was one of the most influential philosophers of the twentieth century. His published works spanned many areas, but he is not well known as a political philosopher. In the late 1970s, however, Mackie turned his attention to issues concerning justice. In a series of writings Mackie built a case for a unique right-based approach to political philosophy, in part by delivering incisive critiques of theories dominant at the time. His most comprehensive work in this area is (...) Theories of Justice and Rights—a previously unpublished manuscript that finally sees the light of day in this volume. Also included are two of Mackie’s previously published papers, written during the same period: ‘Can There Be a Right-Based Moral Theory?’ (1978) and ‘Rights, Utility, and External Costs’ (1985). Some of Mackie’s arguments in these works draw on the metaethical conclusions in his seminal book Ethics: Inventing Right and Wrong (1977). The editorial introduction of this volume canvasses the initially puzzling relation between Mackie’s moral error theory and his account of justice and rights, addresses some exegetical queries, and connects to present-day debates. In addition, the introduction provides summaries of Mackie’s theory of rights, his critique of Rawls’s liberalism, and of Nozick’s libertarianism. (shrink)
L'esprit philosophique de l'Allemagne et la pensée française.Victor Delbos -1915 - Paris,: Bloud et Gay.detailsL'esprit philosophique de l'Allemagne et la pensee francaise / parVictor Delbos,...Date de l'edition originale: 1915Collection: Pages actuelles; 40Ce livre est la reproduction fidele d'une oeuvre publiee avant 1920 et fait partie d'une collection de livres reimprimes a la demande editee par Hachette Livre, dans le cadre d'un partenariat avec la Bibliotheque nationale de France, offrant l'opportunite d'acceder a des ouvrages anciens et souvent rares issus des fonds patrimoniaux de la BnF.Les oeuvres faisant partie de cette collection ont ete (...) numerisees par la BnF et sont presentes sur Gallica, sa bibliotheque numerique.En entreprenant de redonner vie a ces ouvrages au travers d'une collection de livres reimprimes a la demande, nous leur donnons la possibilite de rencontrer un public elargi et participons a la transmission de connaissances et de savoirs parfois difficilement accessibles.Nous avons cherche a concilier la reproduction fidele d'un livre ancien a partir de sa version numerisee avec le souci d'un confort de lecture optimal. Nous esperons que les ouvrages de cette nouvelle collection vous apporteront entiere satisfaction.Pour plus d'informations, rendez-vous sur www.hachettebnf.frhttp: //gallica.bnf.fr/ark: /12148/bpt6k5608386g. (shrink)
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Recursiveness of ω‐Operations.Victor L. Selivanov -1994 -Mathematical Logic Quarterly 40 (2):204-206.detailsIt is well known that any finitary operation is recursive in a suitable total numeration. A. Orlicki showed that there is an ω-operation not recursive in any total numeration. We will show that any ω-operation is recursive in a partial numeration.
Consciousness beyond the comparator.Victor A. Shames &Timothy L. Hubbard -1995 -Behavioral and Brain Sciences 18 (4):697-697.detailsGray's comparator model fails to provide an adequate explanation of consciousness for two reasons. First, it is based on a narrow definition of consciousness that excludes basic phenomenology and active functions of consciousness. Second, match/mismatch decisions can be made without producing an experience of consciousness. The model thus violates the sufficiency criterion.
Essai sur l'exotisme: une esthétique du divers scénario.Victor Segalen -2021 - Genève: Droz. Edited by Valérie Bucheli.detailsDe 1904 à 1918, l'écrivain et voyageurVictor Segalen (1878-1919) travaille à la rédaction d'un traité systématique qu'il aurait appelé Essai sur l'Exotisme. Une Esthétique du Divers, mais qui ne sera pas publié de son vivant. Seule demeure aujourd'hui, de ce projet, une série complexe de notes prises au jour le jour, puis conservées à la Bibliothèque nationale de France : c'est sur le dossier manuscrit qu'a été établie ici, sur nouveaux frais, cette édition originale des brouillons de l'ouvrage (...) en devenir. Loin de toute réalisation définitive, et avec sa forme actuelle qui le rapproche d'un journal de travail, ce document apparaît comme capital pour comprendre la pensée et l'oeuvre de Segalen. À l'heure où les sciences humaines et sociales interrogent l'identité et l'altérité, et où la question de la "diversité" agite les cultural studies, l'Essai sur l'Exotisme nous renseigne sur les élargissements que la notion classique d'interculturalité est susceptible de connaître. Il dessine ainsi une éthique particulière qui peut nous aider à considérer les questionnements de notre époque et à les réinscrire dans leur histoire conceptuelle."--Page 4 of cover. (shrink)
Definability in the h -quasiorder of labeled forests.Oleg V. Kudinov,Victor L. Selivanov &Anton V. Zhukov -2009 -Annals of Pure and Applied Logic 159 (3):318-332.detailsWe prove that for any k≥3 each element of the h-quasiorder of finite k-labeled forests is definable in the ordinary first order language and, respectively, each element of the h-quasiorder of countable k-labeled forests is definable in the language Lω1ω, in both cases provided that the minimal non-smallest elements are allowed as parameters. As corollaries, we characterize the automorphism groups of both structures and show that the structure of finite k-forests is atomic. Similar results hold true for two other relevant (...) structures: the h-quasiorder of finite k-labeled trees and of finite k-labeled trees with a fixed label of the root element. (shrink)