Results for 'Kristen L. Smith'
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- Past, Present, and Future Research on Teacher Induction: An Anthology for Researchers, Policy Makers, and Practitioners.Betty Achinstein,Krista Adams,Steven Z. Athanases,EunJin Bang,Martha Bleeker,Cynthia L. Carver,Yu-Ming Cheng,Renée T. Clift,Nancy Clouse,Kristen A. Corbell,Sarah Dolfin,Sharon Feiman-Nemser,Maida Finch,Jonah Firestone,Steven Glazerman,MariaAssunção Flores,Susan Hanson,Lara Hebert,Richard Holdgreve-Resendez,Erin T. Horne,Leslie Huling,Eric Isenberg,Amy Johnson,Richard Lange,Julie A. Luft,Pearl Mack,Julia Moore,Jennifer Neakrase,Lynn W. Paine,Edward G. Pultorak,Hong Qian,Alan J. Reiman,Virginia Resta,John R. Schwille,Sharon A. Schwille,Thomas M.Smith,Randi Stanulis,Michael Strong,Dina Walker-DeVose,Ann L. Wood &Peter Youngs -2010 - R&L Education.This book's importance is derived from three sources: careful conceptualization of teacher induction from historical, methodological, and international perspectives; systematic reviews of research literature relevant to various aspects of teacher induction including its social, cultural, and political contexts, program components and forms, and the range of its effects; substantial empirical studies on the important issues of teacher induction with different kinds of methodologies that exemplify future directions and approaches to the research in teacher induction.No categories
- Les Lumières de Leibniz: Controverses avec Huet, Bayle, Regis et More by Mogens Lærke. [REVIEW]Kristen Irwin -2016 -Journal of the History of Philosophy 54 (2):338-339.The historiography of philosophy is a hot topic these days. One need only peruse the 2013 Philosophy and Its History, edited by Mogens Lærke, Justin E. H.Smith, and Eric Schliesser, or this journal’s debate between Daniel Garber and Michael Della Rocca, to see that methodological issues in the history of philosophy are the subject of substantive contemporary discussion. In the volume under review, Lærke defends an approach to the historiography of philosophy that is fundamentally inseparable from the history (...) of philosophy itself: historical perspectivism.Lærke’s volume is a fait preuve for historical perspectivism, four case studies that demonstrate its benefits: methodological exactness, sensitivity.. (shrink)
- Leading change through evaluation: improvement science in action.Kristen L. Rohanna -2022 - Los Angeles: SAGE.Evaluators who are interested in developing or improving a program or policy frequently look to formative evaluation as a guiding framework.This book shows why those hoping to use evaluation to drive change in complex systems, rather than develop or improve one program, policy, or product, need to shift from the oversimplified idea of formative evaluation to a more specified continuous improvement model grounded in improvement science. In doing so, authorKristen L. Rohanna provides guidance to both evaluators and others, (...) such as K-12 educators or hospital administrators, who lead improvement initiatives in their organizations and seek to solve persistent problems of practice. The book includes an extended case study: a networked improvement community of five public middle and high schools. (shrink)No categories
- When Saying “Sorry” Isn’t Enough: Is Some Suicidal Behavior a Costly Signal of Apology?Kristen L. Syme &Edward H. Hagen -2019 -Human Nature 30 (1):117-141.Lethal and nonlethal suicidal behaviors are major global public health problems. Much suicidal behavior (SB) occurs after the suicide victim committed a murder or other serious transgression. The present study tested a novel evolutionary model termed the Costly Apology Model (CAM) against the ethnographic record. The bargaining model (BRM) sees nonlethal suicidal behavior as an evolved costly signal of need in the wake of adversity. Relying on this same theoretical framework, the CAM posits that nonlethal suicidal behavior can sometimes serve (...) as an honest signal of apology in the wake of committing a severe transgression, thereby repairing valuable social relationships. To test this hypothesis, the CAM was operationalized into a set of variables, and two independent coders coded 473 text records on suicidal behavior from 53 cultures from the probability sample of the Human Relations Area Files. The results indicated that in ethnographic accounts of suicidal behavior, transgressions, punishment, and shame were relatively common, supporting the CAM, but explicit motives to apologize and evidence of forgiveness were rare, contrary to the CAM. The theoretical variables of the CAM nevertheless formed a cluster distinct from the BRM, and a subset of cases of suicidal behavior were largely related to transgressions and other CAM variables rather than BRM or other variables. Support for the CAM varied widely across cultures, but there was evidence for it in every major geographical region. Exploratory analyses suggested that the CAM is potentially more likely to occur in response to severe conflicts concerning transgressions committed against nonkin. Furthermore, in text records that involved transgressions, male suicidal behavior was most frequently associated with murder, whereas female suicidal behavior was most frequently associated with sexual transgressions. In conclusion, the results provided mixed support for the hypothesis that some instances of suicidal behavior function to send a costly signal of apology to those harmed by a transgression. (shrink)No categories
- Farmer perspectives on cropping systems diversification in northwestern Minnesota.Kristen L. Corselius,Steve R. Simmons &Cornelia B. Flora -2003 -Agriculture and Human Values 20 (4):371-383.It is important to understandfactors that influence management decisionsthat determine the level of diversificationwithin cropping systems. Because of the widevariety of cropping systems within a region,our study focused on a single county in northwestern Minnesota. This county wasselected because it is in an area where farmerswere reevaluating their cropping practicesduring the 1990s in response to severe plantdisease outbreaks and economic stresses. Asurvey and follow-up interviews of representative farmers in Marshall Countyshowed that they were approaching theircropping systems management decisions underthese conditions (...) through a dominant conceptualframework and two secondaryconceptual frameworks, which we termed “mental causalmodels.” The study illustrates the ways farmersdefine and make decisions affecting theircropping systems diversity under conditions ofagronomic and economic adversity. It alsochallenges agricultural professionals to expandtheir thinking about educational strategiesthat are sensitive to the varied perspectivesof farmers beyond just the scientific mentalcausal model. (shrink)
- Rightist Multiculturalism: Core Lessons on Neoconservative School Reform.Kristen L. Buras -2008 - Routledge.For nearly two decades, E. D. Hirsch’s book _Cultural Literacy_ has provoked debate over whose knowledge should be taught in schools, embodying the culture wars in education. Initially developed to mediate against the multicultural "threat," his educational vision inspired the Core Knowledge curriculum, which has garnered wide support from an array of communities, including traditionally marginalized groups. In this groundbreaking book,Kristen Buras provides the first detailed, critical examination of the Core Knowledge movement and explores the history and cultural (...) politics underlying neoconservative initiatives in education. Ultimately, _Rightist Multiculturalism_ does more than assess the limitations and possibilities of Core Knowledge. It illuminates why troubling educational reforms initiated by neoconservatives have acquired grassroots allegiance despite criticism that their vision is culturally elitist. More importantly, Buras argues understanding that neoconservative school reform itself has become a multicultural affair is the first step toward fighting an alternative war of position—that is, reclaiming multiculturalism as a radically transformative project. (shrink)
- Is undisciplined behavior antithetical to cooperation, or is it part and parcel of it?Kristen L. Syme -2023 -Behavioral and Brain Sciences 46:e315.This commentary raises three points in response to the target article. First, what appear to be victimless behaviors in highly individualistic, post-industrial societies might have a direct impact on group members in small-scale societies. Second, many societies show marked tolerance or ambivalence toward intemperate behavior. Third, undisciplined behavior is not antithetical to cooperation but can be used to cooperative ends.
- The role of academic background and the writing centre on students’ academic achievement in a writing-intensive criminological theory course.Shelley Keith,Kristen L. Stives,Laura Jean Kerr &Stacy Kastner -2018 -Educational Studies 46 (2):154-169.This study uses a quasi-experimental design to assess how the incorporation of an embedded writing centre tutor in the experimental class affects student achievement in comparison with the control...No categories
- The Dance of Siva: Religion, Art and Poetry in South India.L. R. &DavidSmith -2002 -Journal of the American Oriental Society 122 (1):191.No categories
- The Inferential Language Comprehension (iLC) Framework: Supporting Children's Comprehension of Visual Narratives.Panayiota Kendeou,Kristen L. McMaster,Reese Butterfuss,Jasmine Kim,Britta Bresina &Kyle Wagner -2020 -Topics in Cognitive Science 12 (1):256-273.Because visual narratives demand complex inference abilities, they can potentially be used as a tool for developing inferential skills in other domains, like reading. The Inferential Language Comprehension (iLC) Framework proposes an approach to using visual narratives in educational settings to sponsor inference skills by building on cognitive, developmental, and language research.
- Ancient Education.J. W. L. Adams &William A.Smith -1956 -Philosophical Quarterly 6 (23):188.No categories
- Lest We Forget: Tenure and the Psychological Contract.Deborah L. Kidder,William P.Smith &Barrie E. Litzky -2009 -Proceedings of the International Association for Business and Society 20:357-363.Psychological contracts represent perceived reciprocal obligations between an employer and an employee. Most research has focused on employee or employer rights (the entitlement side of the obligation equation). We examine the responsibilities inherent in psychological contracts. After reviewing the moral aspect of psychological contracts, we use the issue of tenure as a discussion point for this topic.
- Reasoning about action II.Matthew L. Ginsberg &David E.Smith -1988 -Artificial Intelligence 35 (3):311-342.
- An fMRI investigation of moral cognition in healthcare decision making.Timothy L. Hodgson,Lisa J.Smith,Paul Anand &Abdelmalek Benattayallah -2015 -Journal of Neuroscience Psychology and Economics 8 (2):116-133.This study used fMRI to investigate the neural substrates of moral cognition in health resource allocation decision problems. In particular, it investigated the cognitive and emotional processes that underpin utilitarian approaches to health care rationing such as Quality Adjusted Life Years. Participants viewed hypothetical medical and nonmedical resource allocation scenarios which described equal or unequal allocation of resources to different groups. In addition, participants were assigned to 1 of 2 treatments in which they either did or did not receive advanced (...) instructions about the principles of utilitarianism. In all cases, participants were asked to judged the proposed allocations as “fair” or “unfair.” More brain activity was observed within the superior parietal lobe, angular gyrus, middle temporal gyrus, and bilateral caudate nucleus when participants viewed scenarios depicting equal divisions of resources. Conversely, unequal resource divisions were associated with more activity in the inferior frontal gyrus and insula cortex. Furthermore, instructions about the principles of utilitarianism led to significant activation differences within the inferior frontal gyrus and the middle frontal gyrus. Significant differences in activity were also found within the inferior frontal cortex and anterior insula between medical and nonmedical scenarios. The implications for cognitive control mechanisms and the cognitive and neural bases of utilitarian ethical judgment are discussed. (shrink)
- The Legal Dimensions of Genomic Sequencing in Newborn Screening.Rachel L. Zacharias,Monica E.Smith &Jaime S. King -2018 -Hastings Center Report 48 (S2):39-41.The possible integration of genomic sequencing (including whole‐genome and whole‐exome sequencing) into the three contexts addressed in this special report—state‐mandated screening programs, clinical care, and direct‐to‐consumer services—raises related but distinct legal issues. This essay will outline the legal issues surrounding the integration of genomic sequencing into state newborn screening programs, parental rights to refuse and access sequencing for their newborns in clinical and direct‐to‐consumer care, and privacy‐related legal issues attending the use of sequencing in newborns.
- The ecological perspective applied to social perception: Revision of a working paper.Philip L. Knowles &David LawsonSmith -1982 -Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour 12 (1):53–78.
- Maternal cyclin B levels “Chk” the onset of DNA replication checkpoint control in Drosophila.Dhananjay Yellajoshyula,Ethan S. Patterson &Kristen L. Kroll -2007 -Bioessays 29 (10):949-952.In many animals, early development of the embryo is characterized by synchronous, biphasic cell divisions. These cell divisions are controlled by maternally inherited proteins and RNAs. A critical question in developmental biology is how the embryo transitions to a later pattern of asynchronous cell divisions and transfers the prior maternal control of development to the zygotic genome. The most‐common model regarding how this transition from maternal to zygotic control is regulated posits that this is a consequence of the limitation of (...) maternal gene products, due to their titration during early cell divisions. Here we discuss a recent article by Crest et al.1 that instead proposes that the balance of Cyclin‐dependent Kinase 1 and Cyclin B (Cdk1‐CycB) activity relative to that of the Drosophila checkpoint kinase Chk1 determines when asynchronous divisions begin. BioEssays 29:949–952, 2007. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (shrink)
- Universal Advance Directives—Necessary but Not Sufficient.Brian L. Block,Alexander K.Smith &Rebecca L. Sudore -2018 -Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics 46 (4):988-990.
- Redefining culture in cultural robotics.Mark L. Ornelas,Gary B.Smith &Masoumeh Mansouri -2023 -AI and Society 38 (2):777-788.Cultural influences are pervasive throughout human behaviour, and as human–robot interactions become more common, roboticists are increasingly focusing attention on how to build robots that are culturally competent and culturally sustainable. The current treatment of culture in robotics, however, is largely limited to the definition of culture as national culture. This is problematic for three reasons: it ignores subcultures, it loses specificity and hides the nuances in cultures, and it excludes refugees and stateless persons. We propose to shift the focus (...) of cultural robotics to redefine culture as an emergent phenomenon. We make use of three research programmes in the social and cognitive sciences to justify this definition. Consequently, cultural behaviour cannot be explicitly programmed into a robot, rather, a robot must be designed with the capability to participate in the interactions that lead to the arising of cultural behaviour. In the final part of the paper, we explore which capacities and abilities are the most salient for a robot to do this. (shrink)
- Selective sampling in discrimination learning.David L. La Berge &AdrienneSmith -1957 -Journal of Experimental Psychology 54 (6):423.
- College Student Ratings And Teacher Behavior: an Experimental Study.Michael L. Land &Lyle R.Smith -1981 -Journal of Social Studies Research 5 (1):19-22.This study was designed to explore the hypothesis that student ratings accurately reflect selected teacher behaviors (vagueness terms and mazes) in social science. Subjects were 80 undergraduate students who were randomly assigned to one of two teaching conditions, high clarity vs. low clarity teaching. Students rated the high clarity teaching significantly higher than the low clarity teaching, t (78) = 6.22, p<.001. The authors concluded that college students can accurately distinguish between high and low clarity lessons on the basis of (...) selected low-inference teaching behaviors. Additional findings suggested that there is no causal link between vagueness terms/teacher mazes and student achievement at the knowledge (recall) level of the cognitive domain. (shrink)
- The case against using biological indicators in judicial decision making.Robert L. Bonn &Alexander B.Smith -1988 -Criminal Justice Ethics 7 (1):3-10.
- Blocking in children from two socioeconomic levels.Jean L. Bresnahan,Margaret AnnSmith &Martin M. Shapiro -1976 -Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society 8 (2):72-75.
- The effects of extrinsic reward timing on intrinsic motivation.William L. Croll &R. MarkSmith -1984 -Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society 22 (5):415-417.No categories
- Online leadership discourse in higher education: A digital multimodal discourse perspective.Kay L. O’Halloran,Bradley A.Smith &Sabine Tan -2015 -Discourse and Communication 9 (5):559-584.As leadership discourses in higher education are increasingly being mediated online, texts previously reserved for staff are now being made available in the public domain. As such, these texts become accessible for study, critique and evaluation. Additionally, discourses previously confined to the written domain are now increasingly multimodal. Thus, an approach is required that is capable of relating detailed, complex multimodal discourse analyses to broader sociocultural perspectives to account for the complex meaning-making practices that operate in online leadership discourses. For (...) this purpose, a digital multimodal discourse approach is proposed and illustrated via a small-scale case study of the online leadership discourse of an Australian university. The analysis of two short video texts demonstrates how a digital multimodal discourse perspective facilitates the identification of key multimodal systems used for meaning-making in online communication, how meaning arises through combinations of semiotic choices, and how the results of multimodal discourse analysis using digital technology can reveal larger sociocultural patterns – in this case, divergent leadership styles and approaches as reflected in online discourse, at a time of immense change within the higher education sector. (shrink)No categories
- Viewers base estimates of face matching accuracy on their own familiarity: Explaining the photo-ID paradox.Kay L. Ritchie,Finlay G.Smith,Rob Jenkins,Markus Bindemann,David White &A. Mike Burton -2015 -Cognition 141 (C):161-169.No categories
- An Examination of Ethical Values of Management Accountants.Donald L. Ariail,Katherine TakenSmith,Lawrence MurphySmith &Amine Khayati -2024 -Journal of Business Ethics 195 (2):407-423.The success of business firms and other organizations relies on the trustworthiness of reports and other documents prepared by management accountants. This study examines the personal ethical values and ethical value types of management accountants. Data were obtained from a survey of members of the Institute of Management Accountants (IMA). The survey, composed of the Rokeach Values Survey and demographic questions, was delivered by the IMA Research Lab to membership samples. Importantly, the results indicated that the highest-ranked values were consistent (...) with values included in the IMA’s Statement of Ethical Professional Practice. That management accountants hold high ethical values better enables them to provide reliable and meaningful work to business firms and other organizations. Another important finding is that older management accountants are more concerned with moral values than their younger colleagues. This finding has notable implications for the future of the profession. (shrink)
- Slave to Facebook? How Technology is Changing the Balance Between Right to Privacy and Right to Know.Deborah L. Kidder &William P.Smith -2011 -Proceedings of the International Association for Business and Society 22:52-61.Have social media sites like Facebook become such a significant part of our social fabric that people face negative consequences for not joining and sharing? What role does a right to privacy play in circumstances where self-disclosure is the norm? We surveyed students about teammate preferences for team members based on information availability and Facebook membership. Students report a strong preference for teammates for whom there is information and Facebook participation.
- Case Study: The Tracheostomy Tube.Kristi L. Kirschner,JoanneSmith &Strachan Donnelley -1994 -Hastings Center Report 24 (2):26-27.
- Rejoinder to Herrnstein.Robert L. Bonn &Alexander B.Smith -1988 -Criminal Justice Ethics 7 (1):15-17.
- Reasoning about action I.Matthew L. Ginsberg &David E.Smith -1988 -Artificial Intelligence 35 (2):165-195.
- Mental Health Challenges of United States Healthcare Professionals During COVID-19.Ann Pearman,MacKenzie L. Hughes,Emily L.Smith &Shevaun D. Neupert -2020 -Frontiers in Psychology 11.
- Introduction to decolonizing nursing.Peggy L. Chinn &Marlaine C.Smith -2023 -Nursing Philosophy 24 (2):e12431.The fact that racism and other forms of discrimination and injustice have persisted in our own nursing communities despite our rhetoric of caring and compassion can no longer be denied. This fact gave rise to a webinar in which the scholars represented in this issue of Nursing Philosophy appear. The webinar centered on the philosophy, phenomenology and scholarship of Indigenous nurses and nurses of color. The authors of the articles in this issue are giving us the precious gift of their (...) ideas. All of us, white scholars and scholars of color, must come together to receive this gift, learn from their words and their insight, debate the ideas, honor the perspectives, and consider ways that we can move this discourse forward to create new possibilities for nursing, new possibilities to shape the future development of our discipline. (shrink)
- Professionals’ Responsibilities to Foster the Autonomy of Future Adults.Marilyn L. Bach,JefferySmith,Kristine A. Diemer,Erin L. Magnus,Nicholas A. Bryant &Charles N. Oberg -1996 -Professional Ethics, a Multidisciplinary Journal 5 (3):73-91.
- The Cambridge Companion to Isaiah Berlin.Joshua L. Cherniss &Steven B.Smith (eds.) -2018 - New York: Cambridge University Press.Isaiah Berlin was a central figure in twentieth-century political thought. This volume highlights Berlin's significance for contemporary readers, covering not only his writings on liberty and liberalism, the Enlightenment and Romanticism, Russian thinkers and pluralism, but also the implications of his thought for political theory, history, and the social sciences, as well as the ethical challenges confronting political actors, and the nature and importance of practical judgment for politics and scholarship. His name and work are inseparable from the revival of (...) political philosophy and the analysis of political extremism and defense of democratic liberalism following World War II. Berlin was primarily an essayist who spoke through commentary on other authors and, while his own commitments and allegiances are clear enough, much in his thought remains controversial. Berlin's work constitutes an unsystematic and incomplete, but nevertheless sweeping and profound, defense of political, ethical, and intellectual humanism in an anti-humanistic age. (shrink)No categories
- Predictable locations aid early object name learning.Viridiana L. Benitez &Linda B.Smith -2012 -Cognition 125 (3):339-352.
- National Symposium on Sensor & Data Fusion Committee.Alexander P. Cox,C. K. Nebelecky,R. Rudnicki,W. A. Tagliaferri,J. L. Crassidis &B.Smith (eds.) -2021No categoriesExport citation
Bookmark - (1 other version)Introduction to the symposium: rethinking food system transformation—food sovereignty, agroecology, food justice, community action and scholarship.T. L. Pendergrast,Bobby J.Smith,Jeffrey A. Liebert &Rachel Bezner Kerr -2019 -Agriculture and Human Values 36 (4):819-823.No categories
- Stimulus expectancy and retrievel from short-term memory.Roberta L. Klatzky &Edward E.Smith -1972 -Journal of Experimental Psychology 94 (1):101.
- Helping elementary preservice teachers learn to use curriculum materials for effective science teaching.Christina V. Schwarz,Kristin L. Gunckel,Ed L.Smith,Beth A. Covitt,Minjung Bae,Mark Enfield &Blakely K. Tsurusaki -2008 -Science Education 92 (2):345-377.No categories
- Toward a substantive definition of the corporate issue construct: A review and synthesis of the literature.J. K. Thompson,S. L. Wartick &H. L.Smith -1991 -Business and Society 33:293-311.Export citation Bookmark
- Integral Biomathics: Tracing the Road to Reality.Plamen L. Simeonov,Leslie S.Smith &Andrée C. Ehresmann (eds.) -2012 - Springer.Perhaps the most distinct question in science throughout the ages has been the one of perceivable reality, treated both in physics and philosophy. Reality is acting upon us, and we, and life in general, are acting upon reality. Potentiality, found both in quantum reality and in the activity of life, plays a key role. In quantum reality observation turns potentiality into reality. Again, life computes possibilities in various ways based on past actions, and acts on the basis of these computations. (...) This book is about a new approach to biology. Its subtitle suggests a perpetual movement and interplay between two elusive aspects of modern science — reality/matter and potentiality/mind, between physics and biology — both captured and triggered by mathematics — to understand and explain emergence, development and life all the way up to consciousness. But what is the real/potential difference between living and non-living matter? How does time in potentiality differ from time in reality? What we need to understand these differences is an integrative approach. This book contemplates how to encircle life to obtain a formal system, equivalent to the ones in physics. Integral Biomathics attempts to explore the interplay between reality and potentiality. (shrink)No categories
- A Joint-Venture Approach in Teaching Students How to Recognize and Analyze Ethical Scenarios.Xavier Jackson,Zachary Jasensky,Vivian Liang,Melvin Moore,Jake Rogers,Geoffrey Pfeifer &Kristen L. Billiar -2015 -Ethics in Biology, Engineering and Medicine 6 (3-4):197-209.No categories
- Healthcare students support opt-out organ donation for practical and moral reasons.Long Qian,Miah T. Li,Kristen L. King,Syed Ali Husain,David J. Cohen &Sumit Mohan -2022 -Journal of Medical Ethics 48 (8):522-529.Background and purpose Changes to deceased organ donation policy in the USA, including opt-out and priority systems, have been proposed to increase registration and donation rates. To study attitudes towards such policies, we surveyed healthcare students to assess support for opt-out and priority systems and reasons for support or opposition. Methods We investigated associations with supporting opt-out, including organ donation knowledge, altruism, trust in the healthcare system, prioritising autonomy and participants’ evaluation of the moral severity of incorrectly assuming consent in (...) opt-in systems or opt-out systems, by conducting an online survey among healthcare students at a large academic institution. Results Of 523 respondents, 86% supported opt-out, including 53% who strongly supported the policy. The most popular reason for supporting opt-out was the potential for increased donation rates, followed by convenience for those not registered but willing to donate. The most popular reason for opposing opt-out was the belief that presuming consent is morally wrong. Those strongly supporting opt-out viewed the opt-in error as more morally unacceptable, and had higher knowledge and altruism scores. Those opposing opt-out viewed the opt-out error as more unacceptable, and had higher autonomy scores. 48% of respondents supported priority within opt-in systems; 31% supported priority in opt-out. Conclusions There is strong support for opt-out organ donation among healthcare students, influenced by both practical and moral considerations. (shrink)
- Correlates of psychopathic personality traits in everyday life: results from a large community survey.Scott O. Lilienfeld,Robert D. Latzman,Ashley L. Watts,Sarah F.Smith &Kevin Dutton -2014 -Frontiers in Psychology 5.
- Rural surgeons' attitudes towards and usage of evidence‐based medicine in rural surgical practice.Simon C. Kitto,Jennifer C. Peller,Elmer V. Villanueva,Russell L. Gruen &Julian A.Smith -2011 -Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice 17 (4):678-683.
- Parents’ attitudes toward consent and data sharing in biobanks: A multisite experimental survey.Armand H. Matheny Antommaria,Kyle B. Brothers,John A. Myers,Yana B. Feygin,Sharon A. Aufox,Murray H. Brilliant,Pat Conway,Stephanie M. Fullerton,Nanibaa’ A. Garrison,Carol R. Horowitz,Gail P. Jarvik,Rongling Li,Evette J. Ludman,Catherine A. McCarty,Jennifer B. McCormick,Nathaniel D. Mercaldo,Melanie F. Myers,Saskia C. Sanderson,Martha J. Shrubsole,Jonathan S. Schildcrout,Janet L. Williams,Maureen E.Smith,Ellen Wright Clayton &Ingrid A. Holm -2018 -AJOB Empirical Bioethics 9 (3):128-142.Background: The factors influencing parents’ willingness to enroll their children in biobanks are poorly understood. This study sought to assess parents’ willingness to enroll their children, and their perceived benefits, concerns, and information needs under different consent and data-sharing scenarios, and to identify factors associated with willingness. Methods: This large, experimental survey of patients at the 11 eMERGE Network sites used a disproportionate stratified sampling scheme to enrich the sample with historically underrepresented groups. Participants were randomized to receive one of (...) three consent and data-sharing scenarios. Results: In total, 90,000 surveys were mailed and 13,000 individuals responded (15.8% response rate). 5737 respondents were parents of minor children. Overall, 55% (95% confidence interval 50–59%) of parents were willing to enroll their youngest minor child in a hypothetical biobank; willingness did not differ between consent and data-sharing scenarios. Lower educational attainment, higher religiosity, lower trust, worries about privacy, and attitudes about benefits, concerns, and information needs were independently associated with less willingness to allow their child to participate. Of parents who were willing to participate themselves, 25% were not willing to allow their child to participate. Being willing to participate but not willing to allow one’s child to participate was independently associated with multiple factors, including race, lower educational attainment, lower annual household income, public health care insurance, and higher religiosity. Conclusions: Fifty-five percent of parents were willing to allow their youngest minor child to participate in a hypothetical biobank. Building trust, protecting privacy, and addressing attitudes may increase enrollment and diversity in pediatric biobanks. (shrink)
- Probabilistic forecasting: why model imperfection is a poison pill.Roman Frigg,Seamus Bradley,Reason L. Machete &Leonard A.Smith -2013 - In[no title]. pp. 479-492.This volume is a serious attempt to open up the subject of European philosophy of science to real thought, and provide the structural basis for the interdisciplinary development of its specialist fields, but also to provoke reflection on the idea of ‘European philosophy of science’. This efforts should foster a contemporaneous reflection on what might be meant by philosophy of science in Europe and European philosophy of science, and how in fact awareness of it could assist philosophers interpret and motivate (...) their research through a stronger collective identity. The overarching aim is to set the background for a collaborative project organising, systematising, and ultimately forging an identity for, European philosophy of science by creating research structures and developing research networks across Europe to promote its development. (shrink)No categories
- Editorial: Environment, Art, and Museums: The Aesthetic Experience in Different Contexts.Stefano Mastandrea,Pablo P. L. Tinio &Jeffrey K.Smith -2021 -Frontiers in Psychology 12.The aesthetic experience may be defined as people's interactions with, and reactions to, objects, places, but also to the environment. Most psychological perspectives on the aesthetic experience argue that it results from the coordination of different mental processes such as perception, attention, memory, imagination, thought, and emotion. Physiological and neurological responses are also involved. Aesthetic experiences can take place while we observe works of art in museums and galleries as well as in other contexts such as natural and built environments. (...) Looking at a landscape, walking in a park, meeting people in a square, and walking into a building that is architecturally appealing are examples of natural and built environments where we can experience beauty, pleasure, attraction, and interest, among other aesthetic reactions.Research on aesthetic experiences has a long history, and in recent decades, the field has experienced tremendous growth in the number of empirical studies conducted. One of the areas that researchers have yet to fully address is the influence of the context (natural and built environments) on aesthetic experiences. We refer to context according to three broad categories: Context as natural environments, context as built environments, and environments for aesthetic experiences.Context as natural environments: People show a basic tendency to associate the natural environment with positive evaluations. According to an evolutionary explanation know... (shrink)
- Governing with Ignorance: Understanding the Australian Food Regulator’s Response to Nano Food.Kristen Lyons &NaomiSmith -2017 -NanoEthics 12 (1):27-38.This paper examines regulatory responses to the presence of previously undetected and unlabelled nanoparticles in the Australian food system. Until 2015, the Australian regulatory body Food Standards Australia New Zealand denied that nanoparticles were present in Australian food. However, and despite repeated claims from Australia’s food regulator, research commissioned by civil society group Friends of the Earth has demonstrated that nanoparticles are deliberately included as ingredients in an array of food available for sale in Australia. This paper critically examines how (...) nanoparticles have come to be integrated into Australia’s food system under the radar of Australia’s food regulator. Our case study of FSANZ—including its responses to the civil society-led science that determined the existence of nanoparticles in Australian food—raises a number of important questions about the governance of risk in relation to emerging technologies such as nanotechnology. In this paper, we argue that FSANZ’ response to the presence of nanotechnology in Australia’s food system is an example of ‘governing with ignorance’. This is demonstrated via the denial and dismissal of science claims as a basis for limited regulatory intervention. FSANZ’ response intersects with the centrality of commercial interests in shaping science research and commercialisation, alongside the ‘hands off’ approach to regulation that is characteristic of neoliberal governance approaches. We conclude by arguing that in the current food governance framework, and alongside a paucity of impact science, civil society plays a vital role in attempts to democratise the Australian food system. (shrink)
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David Bourget (Western Ontario)
David Chalmers (ANU, NYU)
Area Editors:
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