Impact of a High School Graduation Examination on Social Studies Teachers’ Instructional Practices.Kenneth E.Vogler -2005 -Journal of Social Studies Research 29 (2):19-33.detailsThe purpose of this study was to explore the impact of high-stakes tests on teachers’ instructional practices. Data were obtained from a survey instrument given to a stratified random sample of Mississippi social studies teachers who teach the same content that is tested on their state’s high school graduation examination. An analysis found teachers spending the most time preparing students for the examination were more likely to use traditional, teacher-centered practices such as textbooks, multiple-choice questions, lecturing, and textbook-based assignments. Also, (...) teachers’ use of instructional practices was most influenced by factors relating to sanctions attached to the examination rather than items such as personal desire or belief about using “best” practices. (shrink)
Getting off the Back Burner: Impact of Testing Elementary Social Studies as Part of a State-Mandated Accountability Program.Kenneth E.Vogler,Timothy Lintner,George B. Lipscomb,Herman Knopf,Tina L. Heafner &Tracy C. Rock -2007 -Journal of Social Studies Research 31 (2):20-34.detailsSocial studies and social studies education is in the midst of what aptly can be described as a crisis of relevancy. In today's post-‘No Child Left Behind’ curriculum defined by test scores and proficiency targets, social studies has, as some have said, “been placed on the backburner” to make room for seemingly more important (tested) subjects such as reading and mathematics. The purpose of this study is to provide a picture of the state of social studies in South Carolina, a (...) state which tests social studies in elementary grades, while trying to understand the impact of state-mandated testing in greater depth. Its focus is on elementary teachers' beliefs about the role of social studies in the curriculum and their perception of time spent on social studies instruction. (shrink)
Back on the Backburner? Impact of Reducing State-Mandated Social Studies Testing on Elementary Teachers’ Instruction.Kenneth E.Vogler -2011 -Journal of Social Studies Research 35 (2):163-190.detailsNumerous studies have shown how elementary social studies instruction has been constrained or curtailed in states that do not test social studies as part of their mandated accountability system. South Carolina is a state that tests social studies as well as English, mathematics, and science in grades three through eight as part of its accountability system. However, in an effort to decrease student test fatigue and associated costs, the state recently adopted census testing which reduced the number of students taking (...) the social studies test. This longitudinal study was designed to further understand the impact of mandated testing initiatives on instruction. It focuses on changes in elementary teachers ’ beliefs about the role of social studies in the curriculum and their perception of time they spend on social studies instruction since the implementation of census testing. (shrink)
The Pedagogical Value of Folk Literature as a Cultural Resource for Social Studies Instruction: An Analysis of Folktales from Denmark.Dr David C. Virtue &Kenneth E.Vogler -2008 -Journal of Social Studies Research 32 (1):28-39.detailsSocial studies teachers commonly use folktales as cultural resources in the classroom because they possess a “mirror quality” ( Nelli, 1985 ) that reflects characteristics of the cultural groups within which they originated. This article reports findings from a content analysis of a sample of twenty two Danish folktales. The folktales were examined to determine the extent to which they mirror three themes that are central to Danish culture: humanitarianism, egalitarianism, and “outward loss, inward gain.” While these themes were present (...) in the folktales to some degree, there were also cultural inconsistencies regarding social equity, economic activity, and the status of women. The authors recommend that social studies educators critically examine folk literature and other instructional resources for their pedagogical value before using them in the classroom. (shrink)
Using UNPRME to Teach, Research, and Enact Business Ethics: Insights from the Catholic Identity Matrix for Business Schools.Kenneth E. Goodpaster,T. Dean Maines,Michael Naughton &Brian Shapiro -2018 -Journal of Business Ethics 147 (4):761-777.detailsWe address how the leaders of a Catholic business school can articulate and assess how well their schools implement the following six principles drawn from Catholic social teaching : produce goods and services that are authentically good; foster solidarity with the poor by serving deprived and marginalized populations; advance the dignity of human work as a calling; exercise subsidiarity; promote responsible stewardship over resources; and acquire and allocate resources justly. We first discuss how the CST principles give substantive content and (...) meaning to the Good Goods, Good Work, and Good Wealth framework in The Vocation of the Business Leader and then discuss their congruencies and tensions with the UNGC and UNPRME principles. Next, we describe the Catholic Identity Matrix, an assessment tool that provides a quantitative and qualitative portrait of how well a Catholic business school integrates, within the scope of its mission and capacities, the three goods and related CST principles in its strategies, policies, activities, and processes. The concluding section discusses implications for ongoing UNGC and UNPRME assessment, reporting, and development efforts, and addresses the generalizability of our approach to business schools who draw their inspiration and moral principles from other faith-based or secular traditions. (shrink)
On stopping at everything: A reply to W. M. hunt.Kenneth E. Goodpaster -1980 -Environmental Ethics 2 (3):281-284.detailsContrary to W. Murray Hunt’s suggestion, living things deserve moral consideration and inanimate objects do not precisely because living things can intelligibly be said to have interests (and inanimate objects cannot intelligibly said to have interests). Interests are crucial because the concept of morality is noncontingently related to beneficence or nonmaleficence, notions which misfire completely in theabsence of entities capable of being benefited or harmed.
Tenacity: The American Pursuit of Corporate Responsibility.Kenneth E. Goodpaster -2013 -Business and Society Review 118 (4):577-605.detailsThis article attempts to answer the question, “What are the most important ideas from serving as Executive Editor of the five‐year history project that culminated in the book, Corporate Responsibility: The American Experience?” The ideas focus on clarifying the phenomenon of tenacity; looking at three foundations of our tenacity; and asking “How fragile is our tenacity?” This article also presents three foundational principles that underlie the American experience of corporate responsibility. First, the Checks & Balances Principle tells us that there (...) are checks and balances in democratic capitalism which give us confidence that the pursuit of economic goals will be moderated for the common good. Second, the Moral Projection Principle shows that there is good reason to consider the corporation not only as a legal person under corporate law but also as a moral person. And, last, the Moral Common Ground Principle reflects that there are shared moral values ascertainable by well‐developed consciences in individuals and in corporations. The article concludes with this argument: The tenacity regarding corporate responsibility that has been so characteristic of American capitalism is fragile—calling for serious vigilance if it is to endure. (shrink)
Conscience and Its Problems: An Introduction to Casuistry.Kenneth E. Kirk -1999 - James Clarke & Co..detailsCasuistry is a process of reasoning that focuses upon specific cases or moral problems, as opposed to a general study of ethical theories. In this broad sense every moral philosopher may be regarded as a casuist in some form. The term also has a narrower meaning as it refers to a group of moralists who, in the 16th and 17th century, systematically adopted this method. Casuistry is now one of the options for those who, in the framework of the post-modern (...) anti-systematic attitude, still feel the importance of serious moral debate and reject easy-minded relativism. (shrink)
Business Ethics and Stakeholder Analysis.Kenneth E. Goodpaster -1991 -Business Ethics Quarterly 1 (1):53-73.detailsMuch has been written about stakeholder analysis as a process by which to introduce ethical values into management decision-making. This paper takes a critical look at the assumptions behind this idea, in an effort to understand better the meaning of ethical management decisions.A distinction is made between stakeholder analysis and stakeholder synthesis. The two most natural kinds of stakeholder synthesis are then defined and discussed: strategic and multi-fiduciary. Paradoxically, the former appears to yield business without ethics and the latter appears (...) to yield ethics without business. The paper concludes by suggesting that a third approach to stakeholder thinking needs to be developed, one that avoids the paradox just mentioned and that clarifies for managers (and directors) the legitimate role of ethical considerations in decision-making. (shrink)
Conscience and its Counterfeits in Organizational Life.Kenneth E. Goodpaster -2000 -Business Ethics Quarterly 10 (1):189-201.detailsThis paper explains and defends three basic propositions: (1) that our attitudes (particularly American attitudes) towardorganizational ethics are conflicted at a fairly deep level; (2) that in response to this conflict in our attitudes, we often default to variouscounterfeits of conscience (non-moral systems that serve as surrogates for the role of conscience in organizational settings); and(3) that a better response (than relying on counterfeits) would be for leaders to foster a culture of ethical awareness in their organizations. Some practical suggestions (...) are made about fostering such a culture, and a comparison is made between this late-20th-century response to the problem of counterfeits and the classic “naturalistic fallacy” identified in early-20th-century ethics by G. E. Moore. (shrink)
In Defense of a Paradox.Kenneth E. Goodpaster &Thomas E. Holloran -1994 -Business Ethics Quarterly 4 (4):423-429.detailsOur approach in this response is as folIows. In § I, we try to identify accurately Boatright’s central claims-both about Goodpaster’s original paper and about matters of substance independent of that paper. In § 2 and 3, we discuss the plausibility of those claims, first from a legal point of view and then from a moral point of view. Finally, in § 4, we defend the concept of paradox (and, in particular, the Stakeholder Paradox) as a limitation on practical reason (...) which is not necessarily to be lamented. In fact, we believe, some paradoxes are better preserved from rather than guided toward resolution. (shrink)
Some Principles of Moral Theology: And Their Application (Classic Reprint).Kenneth E. Kirk -2017 - Forgotten Books.detailsExcerpt from Some Principles of Moral Theology: And Their Application The present book is an attempt to bring together, from the Bible and from Christian experience, the principles which have guided the Church in dealing with individual souls; to test those principles by the light of modern knowledge; and to apply them to present-day conditions and needs. Some of the traditional terminology of moral theology has been discarded; much has been retained, either because it seemed the best medium for expressing (...) what had to be expressed, or because it would have been impossible otherwise to indicate the development and formulation of Christian thought on the subject. Thus the book may prove of interest not merely to the clergy and others who are confronted by the practical problems of conduct and morality, but also to students entering upon the study of moral theology for its own sake. The Church of England affords her clergy singularly little expert guidance in this matter of the direction of souls. Two branches of the subject - those which go by the names of Christian ethics and the theory and practice of the confessional respectively - have indeed been systematically and fully treated by recent writers and there is a wealth of practical experience to be drawn both from manuals of pastoral theology and from biographies. Moral theology, however, as will appear, com prises much more than the two topics just mentioned. Yet within the last fifty years, apparently, only three books have attempted to present the whole content of moral theology in such a form as should guide the theory and practice of the Church of England, and all three are out of print and consequently difficult of access. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works. (shrink)
The concept of corporate responsibility.Kenneth E. Goodpaster -1983 -Journal of Business Ethics 2 (1):1 - 22.detailsOpening with Ford Motor Company as a case in point, this essay develops a broad and systematic approach to the field of business ethics. After an analysis of the form and content of the concept of responsibility, the author introduces the principle of moral projection as a device for relating ethics to corporate policy. Pitfalls and objections to this strategy are examined and some practical implications are then explored.The essay not only defends a proposition but exhibits a research style and (...) a research program. Philosophical ethics and organizational management are joined in the process. (shrink)
Conscience and Corporate Culture.Kenneth E. Goodpaster -2006 - Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell.details_Conscience and Corporate Culture_ advances the constructive dialogue on a moral conscience for corporations. Written for educators in the field of business ethics and practicing corporate executives, the book serves as a platform on a subject profoundly difficult and timely. Written from the unique vantage point of an author who is a philosopher, professor of business administration, and a corporate consultant A vital resource for both educators in the field of business ethics and practicing corporate executives Forwards the constructive dialogue (...) on a moral conscience for corporations Offers a philosophical and practical approach to considering business ethics. (shrink)
A baldrige process for ethics?Kenneth E. Goodpaster,T. Dean Maines &Arnold M. Weimerskirch -2004 -Science and Engineering Ethics 10 (2):243-258.detailsIn this paper we describe and explore a management tool called the Caux Round Table Self-Assessment and Improvement Process (SAIP). Based upon the Caux Round Table Principles for Business — a stakeholder-based, transcultural statement of business values — the SAIP assists executives with the task of shaping their firm’s conscience through an organizational self-appraisal process. This process is modeled after the self-assessment methodology pioneered by the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award Program. After briefly describing the SAIP, we address three topics. (...) First, we examine similarities and differences between the Baldrige approach to corporate self-assessment and the self-assessment process utilized within the SAIP. Second, we report initial findings from two beta tests of the tool. These illustrate both the SAIP’s ability to help organizations strengthen their commitment to ethically responsible conduct, and some of the tool’s limitations. Third, we briefly analyze various dimensions of the business scandals of 2001–2002 (Enron, WorldCom, Tyco, etc.) in light of the ethical requirements articulated with the SAIP. This analysis suggests that the SAIP can help link the current concerns of stakeholders — for example, investors and the general public — to organizational practice, by providing companies with a practical way to incorporate critical lessons from these unfortunate events. (shrink)
Bridging the East and the West in Management Ethics: Kyosei and the Moral Point of View.Kenneth E. Goodpaster -1996 -Journal of Human Values 2 (2):115-121.detailsIn this article two broad ideals or 'umbrella' concepts in management ethics—one Eastern and one Western—are examined, with an eye toward explaining their fundamental similarities. Beyond ques tions of meaning and conceptual analysis, however, are questions of implementation. Institutional izing an ethical orientation—Eastern or Western—is the theme of the last part of the article. Different approaches to institutionalization are discussed and a strategy is suggested for making the 'umbrella' concepts part of the operating systems of organizations.
Benjamin Vaughan's contributions unveiled: a bibliography.Kenneth E. Carpenter -2018 -History of European Ideas 44 (3):297-343.detailsABSTRACTBenjamin Vaughan had a passion for anonymity. This is the first attempt to provide a full list of his many and significant contributions to intellectual life and letters in the last quarter of the eighteenth century. No attempt has been made to unveil Vaughan’s scientific writings, and only two of his productions after emigrating to the United States are here included, in both cases because they relate to his earlier writings. After coming to the United States, Vaughan renounced further involvement (...) in the affairs of Europe. (shrink)
Darwin and social theory.Kenneth E. Bock -1955 -Philosophy of Science 22 (2):123-134.detailsIt has been argued repeatedly that the modern study of social and cultural evolution took its inspiration and form from Charles Darwin's Origin of Species and Descent of Man. In 1920, Robert H. Lowie observed that it was after evolutionary principles had been accepted in biology that they were applied to social phenomena, and that Lewis Henry Morgan was among the first to make the application. Sir James George Frazer, at about the same time, dated the birth of anthropology from (...) the promulgation of the evolution theory of Darwin and Wallace in 1859 and maintained that “this conception of evolution … supplies a basis for the modern science of anthropology.” Harry Elmer Barnes similarly traced the development of anthropology from the theory of organic evolution and advised the student that he “need not concern himself with the history of method in sociology before the entry of Darwinian concepts.”. (shrink)
Goods That are Truly Good and Services that Truly Serve: Reflections on “Caritas in Veritate”. [REVIEW]Kenneth E. Goodpaster -2011 -Journal of Business Ethics 100 (S1):9-16.detailsIf we read the central message of Caritas in Veritate (CV) through the lens of contemporary business ethics—and the encyclical does seem to invite such a reading (CV 40–41, and 45–47)—there is first of all a diagnosis of a crisis. Then, we are offered a response to the diagnosis: charity in truth , “the principle around which the Church’s social doctrine turns, a principle that takes on practical form in the criteria that govern moral action .” (CV 6) In business (...) ethics, the norms of personal and (especially) corporate responsibility are the natural correlates to “the criteria that govern moral action.” Using this as a point of departure, I propose to relate some recent scholarship in business ethics to the message of CV — with the suggestion that there is significant convergence. I argue, further, that the encyclical breaks new ground with its suggestion that, at the center of our moral thinking in business ethics lies a logic of contribution or gift. I discuss Benedict’s understanding of the crisis, and his exhortation to reach beyond conventional interpretations of corporate responsibility, under the following four headings: Diagnosing a Crisis , Institutionalizing Conscience , A Tripartite View of Corporate Responsibility, and Comprehensive Moral Thinking. (shrink)