Organizational Ethics in Healthcare: A National Survey.Kelly Turner,Tim Lahey,Becket Gremmels,Jason Lesandrini &William A.Nelson -2024 -HEC Forum 36 (4):559-570.detailsOrganizational ethics—defined as the alignment of an institution’s practices with its mission, vision, and values—is a growing field in health care not well characterized in empirical literature. To capture the scope and context of organizational ethics work in United States healthcare institutions, we conducted a nationwide convenience survey of ethicists regarding the scope of organizational ethics work, common challenges faced, and the organizational context in which this work is done. In this article, we report substantial variability in the structure of (...) organizational ethics programs and the settings in which it is conducted. Notable findings included disagreement about the activities that comprise organizational ethics and a lack of common metrics used to assess organizational ethics activities. A frequently cited barrier to full engagement in these activities was poor institution-wide understanding about the role and function of organizational ethics resources. These data suggest a tension in the trajectory of organizational ethics’ professionalization: while some variability is appropriate to the field’s relative youth, inadequate attention to definitions of organizational ethics practice and metrics for success can impede discussions about appropriate institutional support, leadership context, and training for practitioners. (shrink)
Active Shooters in Health Care Settings: Prevention and Response through Law and Policy: Public Health and the Law.James G. Hodge &KellieNelson -2014 -Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics 42 (2):268-271.detailsIn September 2010 at the Johns Hopkins Hospital, one of the nation's elite academic hospitals located in East Baltimore, Maryland, Paul Warren Pardus entered the facility to visit his mother, a patient. During a discussion with her doctor in a hospital hallway, Pardus became “overwhelmed” about the care and condition of his mother, pulled a handgun from his waistband, and shot the doctor in the chest. Pardus then locked himself and his mother in her room, shot and killed her, and (...) committed suicide.Dr. Gabe Kelen, a national expert on emergency preparedness and director of the Johns Hopkins emergency department, admitted several years later that this tragic event “really got us thinking in a very serious way.” Together with colleagues at the Johns Hopkins Office of Critical Event Preparedness and Response, Kelen conducted research on the threat and impact of “active shooters” in health care settings. (shrink)
Telling Our Lives: Conversations on Solidarity and Difference.Frida Kerner Furman,Elizabeth A.Kelly &Linda WilliamsonNelson -2005 - Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.detailsTelling Our Lives explores how three working-class women-from Jewish, African-American, and Irish-American backgrounds connect across their differences through storytelling and conversation.
A Proposed Ban on the Sale to and Possession of Caloric Sweetened Beverages by Minors in Public: Public Health and the Law.James G. Hodge,Leila Barraza,Susan Russo,KellieNelson &Greg Measer -2014 -Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics 42 (1):110-114.detailsObesity is the definitive epidemic of the modern era in the United States. Its well-documented public health impacts, especially related to children and adolescents, are horrific. Nearly one-third of American minors are overweight; over 50% of them are obese. Already, these kids suffer from multiple adverse physical and mental health conditions. Sadly, absent serious communal and individual interventions, their lives may be cut short compared to their own parents’ life expectancy. While recent surveillance suggests childhood obesity may be trending down (...) slightly in some populations, public health experts remain concerned about the threat obesity poses to the health of America's youth.The concurrent travesty underlying childhood obesity is the relative societal failure to slow and reverse its spread. (shrink)
Rural health care ethics: Is there a literature?WilliamNelson,Gili Lushkov,Andrew Pomerantz &William B. Weeks -2006 -American Journal of Bioethics 6 (2):44 – 50.detailsTo better understand the available publications addressing ethical issues in rural health care we sought to identify the ethics literature that specifically focuses on rural America. We wanted to determine the extent to which the rural ethics literature was distributed between general commentaries, descriptive summaries of research, and original research publications. We identified 55 publications that specifically and substantively addressed rural health care ethics, published between 1966 and 2004. Only 7 (13%) of these publications were original research articles while (12) (...) 22% were descriptive summaries of research and 36 (65%) were general commentaries. The majority of publications examined (55%) were clinically focused while 27% addressed organizational ethics and 18% addressed ethical ramifications of rural health care policy at a national or community level. Our findings indicate that there are a limited number of publications focusing on rural health care ethics, suggesting a need for scholars and researchers to more rigorously address rural ethics issues. (shrink)
Identifying identity.James S.Kelly &Alan Hausman -1986 -Erkenntnis 25 (3):319 - 322.detailsNelson Goodman argues against those who, like Carnap, claim extensional identity is the criterion for correct constructional definition. Goodman argues that internal logical difficulties sink such a criterion, thus he proposes his own criterion of extensional isomorphism. We argue that Goodman's criterion itself falls prey to his own arguments or else extensional identity is not shown faulty.
The Logic of Reliable Inquiry.Kevin T.Kelly -1996 - Oxford, England: Oxford University Press USA. Edited by Kevin Kelly.detailsThis book is devoted to a different proposal--that the logical structure of the scientist's method should guarantee eventual arrival at the truth given the scientist's background assumptions.
(1 other version)Seeing things in Merleau-ponty.Sean DorranceKelly -2004 - In Taylor Carman & Mark B. N. Hansen,The Cambridge Companion to Merleau-Ponty. New York: Cambridge University Press. pp. 74-110.detailsThe passage above comes from the opening pages of Merleau-Ponty’s essay on Edmund Husserl. It proposes a risky interpretive principle. The main feature of this principle is that the seminal aspects of a thinker’s work are so close to him that he is incapable of articulating them himself. Nevertheless, these aspects pervade the work, give it its style, its sense and its direction, and therefore belong to it essentially. As Martin Heidegger writes, in a passage quoted by Merleau-Ponty: " The (...) greater the work of a thinker – which in no way coincides with the breadth and number of writings – the richer is what is un-thought in this work, which means, that which emerges in and through this work as having not yet been thought. 2 " The goal of Merleau-Ponty’s essay, he says, is “to evoke this un-thought-of element in Husserl’s thought”. 3. (shrink)
The non-conceptual content of perceptual experience: Situation dependence and fineness of grain.Sean D.Kelly -2001 -Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 62 (3):601-608.detailsI begin by examining a recent debate between John McDowell and Christopher Peacocke over whether the content of perceptual experience is non-conceptual. Although I am sympathetic to Peacocke’s claim that perceptual content is non-conceptual, I suggest a number of ways in which his arguments fail to make that case. This failure stems from an over-emphasis on the "fine-grainedness" of perceptual content - a feature that is relatively unimportant to its non-conceptual structure. I go on to describe two other features of (...) perceptual experience that are more likely to be relevant to the claim that perceptual content is non-conceptual. These features are 1) the dependence of a perceived object on the perceptual context in which it is perceived and 2) the dependence of a perceived property on the object it is perceived to be a property of. (shrink)
Demonstrative concepts and experience.Sean DorranceKelly -2001 -Philosophical Review 110 (3):397-420.detailsA number of authors have argued recently that the content of perceptual experience can, and even must, be characterized in conceptual terms. Their claim, more precisely, is that every perceptual experience is such that, of necessity, its content is constituted entirely by concepts possessed by the subject having the experience. This is a surprising result. For it seems reasonable to think that a subject’s experiences could be richer and more fine-grained than his conceptual repertoire; that a subject might be able, (...) for example, to discriminate in experience more shades of colors than he has color concepts. The key move in their argument, therefore, is to articulate the conceptual content of experience using demonstrative, instead of general, concepts. For instance, these authors argue that the content of my perceptual experience of a particular shade of green is properly characterized in terms of the concept expressed by the linguistic utterance “that shade”. Even if I don’t possess a general concept for the shade I’m seeing—a concept of the kind typically expressed using color names like ‘chartreuse’ or ‘lime’—nevertheless, these authors argue, the content of the experience can still be characterized conceptually using a demonstrative concept that I do possess. (shrink)
The puzzle of temporal experience.Sean D.Kelly -2005 - In Andrew Brook & Kathleen Akins,Cognition and the Brain: The Philosophy and Neuroscience Movement. New York: Cambridge University Press. pp. 208--238.detailsThere you are at the opera house. The soprano has just hit her high note – a glassshattering high C that fills the hall – and she holds it. She holds it. She holds it. She holds it. She holds it. She holds the note for such a long time that after a while a funny thing happens: you no longer seem only to hear it, the note as it is currently sounding, that glass-shattering high C that is loud and (...) high and pure. In addition, you also seem to hear something more. It is difficult to express precisely what this extra feature is. One is tempted to say, however, that the note now sounds like it has been going on for a very long time. Perhaps it even sounds like a note that has been going on for too long. In any event, what you hear no longer seems to be limited to the pitch, timbre, loudness, and other strictly audible qualities of the note. You seem in addition to experience, even to hear, something about its temporal extent. (shrink)
Normalizing Complaint: Scientists and the Challenge of Commercialization.Kelly Joslin Holloway -2015 -Science, Technology, and Human Values 40 (5):744-765.detailsIn recent decades, academic science has increasingly been directed toward commercializable ends by neoliberal governments. In this article, I outline a concern that academic scientists have not been consulted about the transformation of science, but nevertheless, in some ways accept commercialization as the way things are done. I focus on the ways in which academic scientists attempt to exercise agency, albeit within the parameters of the neoliberal knowledge economy. In this economy, scientific inquiry has transformed to be focused more on (...) producing marketable products. In order to explore the parameters of scientists’ agency in the context of that transformation, I first elaborate on the idea of agency’s “parameters” and argue that the literature on commercialization lacks attention to how researchers’ agency is encouraged and discouraged in the context of academic research in the United States and Canada; second, I make a case for using the concept of hegemony to understand the ideas and practices of contemporary science; third, I propose a methodological direction that can attend to researchers’ agency in the contemporary context of the neoliberal knowledge economy. (shrink)
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Machine models for cognitive science.Raymond J.Nelson -1987 -Philosophy of Science 54 (September):391-408.detailsIntroduction. During the past two decades philosophers of psychology have considered a large variety of computational models for philosophy of mind and more recently for cognitive science. Among the suggested models are computer programs, Turing machines, pushdown automata, linear bounded automata, finite state automata and sequential machines. Many philosophers have found finite state automata models to be the most appealing, for various reasons, although there has been no shortage of defenders of programs and Turing machines. A paper by Arthur Burks (...) convinced me long ago that “all natural human functions” are, or can be fruitfully modeled to be, finite state automata with output. Further work in the field has reinforced this conviction. There is room, however, for the use of any of the above models in philosophy of mind and in the ongoing development of cognitive science. (shrink)
Once Moore Unto the Breach! Frege and the Concept ‘Horse’ Paradox.Kelly Dean Jolley -2015 -Philosophical Topics 43 (1-2):113-124.detailsIn this essay, I respond to A. W. Moore’s instructive chapter on Frege. I respond by asking various questions, and I question particularly Moore’s claim that Frege, in reacting to Benno Kerry, falls into Hegelian excess. I toy with responding to my question by regarding Frege as anticipating a Wittgensteinian-Heideggerian exaction. It remains unclear whether this constitutes (much) progress.
Turning to Poetry for Help—Some Desultory Remarks.Kelly Dean Jolley -2019 -Journal of Aesthetic Education 53 (3):26-33.detailsWhat follows is talky—I skitter across a number of difficult topics much too quickly and with little attempt to defend what I say. I may be able to add some defense later in discussion, but I don't promise anything much and certainly nothing fancy. I am still very much in the process of thinking about these topics, and I aim to do no more than to perhaps nudge you to think about them too.By "poetry" in what follows, I typically mean (...) "lyric poetry." There are poems and poems and poems, and the dactyls make a difference, as do many other features internal to poetry. I will also say upfront that I have no working definition of "lyric poetry." I also have no working definition of "philosophy," although I will be... (shrink)
Moral Teachings from Unexpected Quarters: Lessons for Bioethics from the Social Sciences and Managed Care.James LindemannNelson -2000 -Hastings Center Report 30 (1):12-17.detailsOn the usual account of moral reasoning, social science is often seen as able to provide “just the facts,” while philosophy attends to moral values and conceptual clarity and builds formally valid arguments. Yet disciplines are informed by epistemic values—and bioethics might do well to see social scientific practices and their attendant normative understandings about what is humanly important as a significant part of ethics generally.
Hypotheticalism and the objectivity of morality.Kelly Heuer -manuscriptdetailsMark Schroeder’s Slaves of the Passions defends a version of the Humean Theory of Reasons he calls “Hypotheticalism,” according to which all reasons an agent has for action are explained by desires that are in turn explained by reference to her psychology. This paper disputes Schroeder’s claim that his theory has the potential to allay long-standing worries about moral objectivity and normativity within a Humean framework because it fails to attain the requisite level of agent-neutrality for moral reasons. The particular (...) problems, and their concomitant solutions, push us in the direction of a more modest ambition for the objectivity of this neo-Humean morality. Moreover, even if all the pieces of Schroeder’s theory are tweaked just enough to make a roughly universal morality practicable, the kind of universality gained might still omit some putatively desirable features of any moral system. (shrink)
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Perceção Das Fontes de Informação Turística No Turismo Interno.Nelson Dias Oliveira -2022 -Human Review. International Humanities Review / Revista Internacional de Humanidades 11 (6):1-19.detailsLa comunicación y el sector turístico han caminado juntos desde la aparición del turismo, han confluido en la web y se han reinventado en los medios sociales y en las recientes plataformas y aplicaciones. Los destinos turísticos siempre han necesitado algún tipo de comunicación para darse a conocer. Hay muchas fuentes de información turística que oscilan entre lo formal y lo informal, lo institucional y lo comercial… transmitidas en diversos medios. El objetivo de este trabajo es reflexionar sobre la importancia (...) de las fuentes de información en el turismo interno, tomando como ejemplo el destino Serra da Estrela, Portugal. (shrink)
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Dinámica de la otra vida en la filosofía de Unamuno.Nelson Orringer -2020 -Claridades. Revista de Filosofía 12 (1):11-34.detailsUnamuno concibe la otra vida en su óptima forma como un dinamismo en el sentido zubiriano. Ha leído en el Libro de Job la visión de vida y muerte como una conscripción militar o como una contratación laboral. El relato unamuniano «Juan Manso. Cuento de muertos» (1892) rechaza la mansedumbre, favoreciendo una «embestida» existencial antes y después de morir. La crisis de 1897 a 1902 hace a Unamuno temer la nada y buscar alivio en una pasajera conversión al protestantismo liberal. (...) Pero cuando la inseguridad regresa, convierte su incertidumbre de la salvación en punto de partida para su filosofía trágica de la religión. En cuatro sucesivas fases, profundiza cada vez más en su concepción dinámica de la vida eterna: en Vida de Don Quijote y Sancho, en el Tratado del amor de Dios; en Del sentimiento trágico, y en La agonía del cristianismo. (shrink)
La idea de actualidad/actuality en Zubiri y en la dinámica de su metafísica.Nelson Orringer -2022 -Claridades. Revista de Filosofía 14 (2):35-48.detailsEn el año 2020, Pedro J. Chamizo Domínguez publicó dos estudios, el uno en inglés, el otro en castellano, enfocados en el problema de traducir el sustantivo inglés «actuality» a múltiples idiomas europeos. Arguía que, por resultado de algún cambio semántico en su evolución, dos lenguas-- por ejemplo, el inglés y el castellano-- comparten por lo menos uno de los sentidos de su significante, diferenciándose con respecto a los demás sentidos, y que esta diferencia de sentido, (presente en todas las (...) lenguas romances y en alemán), dificulta la traducción. El trabajo presente ofrece una prueba concreta y significativa de la tesis de Chamizo, siguiendo su ejemplo al analizar la voz inglesa «actuality». Solo que ofrecemos el ejemplo de su empleo en la versión inglesa hecha por nosotros en 2003 del curso de metafísica de Xavier Zubiri, Estructura dinámica de la realidad (1968). Aquí mostraremos que Zubiri obliga al traductor a emplear la palabra «actuality» como monosémico, significando «ser real o completo», «ejecutivo», con el fin de traducir la palabra castellana «actualidad», por razones sugeridas por Chamizo. Pero, además, en Zubiri esta traducción obedece a tres propósitos concretos que, merced a Chamizo, esclarece su metafísica: [1.] el de distinguir la «realidad» del «ser», doctrina fundamental del tratado zubiriano Sobre la esencia, en el cual se basan las teorías del curso del 68; [2.] el de definir el concepto de «estructura», y [3.] el de conceptuar el «tiempo» y su relación con el «ser», frente a Ser y Tiempo de Heidegger. (shrink)
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Meeting the eliminativist burden.Kelly McCormick -2019 -Social Philosophy and Policy 36 (1):132-153.details:In this essay I identify two burdens for eliminativist accounts of moral responsibility. I first examine an underappreciated logical gap between two features of eliminativism, the gap between descriptive skepticism and full-blown prescriptive eliminativism. Using Ishtiyaque Haji’s luck-based skepticism as an instructive example, I argue that in order to move successfully from descriptive skepticism to prescriptive eliminativism one must first provide a comparative defense of the conflicting principles that motivate the former. In other words, one must fix the skeptical spotlight. (...) I then present and assess a second burden for eliminativists, they must meet what I call the motivational challenge. In order to meet this second burden, eliminativists must motivate their prescriptive account over preservationist competitors, and I assess two potential strategies for doing so. The first is to offer arguments that appeal to the gains and losses of abandoning our responsibility-related attitudes and practices, and the second is to offer direct arguments that we cannot retain these attitudes and practices. I conclude that the adequacy of either strategy remains at best an open question, but that making these burdens explicit might better position eliminativists to meet their competitors on more equal ground. (shrink)
Ockham's razor, truth, and information.KevinKelly -manuscriptdetailsin Handbook of the Philosophy of Information, J. van Behthem and P. Adriaans, eds., to appear.
"it's what midwifery is all about": Western Australian midwives' experiences of being 'with woman' during labour and birth in the known midwife model.Z. Bradfield,Y. Hauck,M.Kelly &R. Duggan -2019 -BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 19 (1).details© 2019 The Author. Background: The phenomenon of being 'with woman' is fundamental to midwifery as it underpins its philosophy, relationships and practices. There is an identified gap in knowledge around the 'with woman' phenomenon from the perspective of midwives providing care in a variety of contexts. As such, the aim of this study was to explore the experiences of being 'with woman' during labour and birth from the perspective of midwives' working in a model where care is provided by (...) a known midwife. Methods: A descriptive phenomenological design was employed with ten midwives working in a 'known midwife' model who described their experiences of being 'with woman' during labour and birth. The method was informed by Husserlian philosophy which seeks to explore the same phenomenon through rich descriptions by individuals revealing commonalities of the experience. Results: Five themes emerged 1) Building relationships; 2) Woman centred care; 3) Impact on the midwife; 4) Impact on the woman; and 5) Challenges in the Known Midwife model. Midwives emphasised the importance of trusting relationships while being 'with woman', confirming that this relationship extends beyond the woman - midwife relationship to include the woman's support people and family. Being 'with woman' during labour and birth in the context of the relationship facilitates woman-centred care. Being 'with woman' influences midwives, and, it is noted, the women that midwives are working with. Finally, challenges that impact being 'with woman' in the known midwife model are shared by midwives. Conclusions: Findings offer valuable insight into midwives' experiences of being 'with woman' in the context of models that provide care by a known midwife. In this model, the trusting relationship is the conduit for being 'with woman' which influences the midwife, the profession of midwifery, as well as women and their families. Descriptions of challenges to being 'with woman' provide opportunities for professional development and service review. Rich descriptions from the unique voice of midwives, provided insight into the applied practices of being 'with woman' in a known midwife model which adds important knowledge concerning a phenomenon so deeply embedded in the philosophy and practices of the profession of midwifery. (shrink)
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Occupational Gender Segregation, Globalization, and Gender Earnings Inequality in U.S. Metropolitan Areas.Michael Wallace,MauraKelly &Gordon Gauchat -2012 -Gender and Society 26 (5):718-747.detailsPrevious research on gender-based economic inequality has emphasized occupational segregation as the leading explanatory factor for the gender wage gap. Yet the globalization of the U.S. economy has affected gender inequality in fundamental ways and potentially diminished the influence of occupational gender segregation. We examine whether occupational gender segregation continues to be the main determinant of gender earnings inequality and to what extent globalization processes have emerged as important determinants of inequality between women’s and men’s earnings. We study factors contributing (...) to the gender earnings ratio as well as the median earnings of men and women for 271 U.S. metropolitan areas. The results indicate that occupational segregation is still the leading determinant of gender earnings inequality, that its effects are only slightly diminished by the presence of globalization, and that various aspects of the global economy independently influence the gender earnings gap. (shrink)
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Studies in Ethics and the Philosophy of Religion: God and Timelessness.Nelson Pike -1970 - Routledge.detailsFirst published in 2003. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
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