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Results for 'Karl Stephan'

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  1.  50
    Free-energy and the brain.Karl Friston &KlaasStephan -2007 -Synthese 159 (3):417-458.
    If one formulates Helmholtz’s ideas about perception in terms of modern-day theories one arrives at a model of perceptual inference and learning that can explain a remarkable range of neurobiological facts. Using constructs from statistical physics it can be shown that the problems of inferring what cause our sensory inputs and learning causal regularities in the sensorium can be resolved using exactly the same principles. Furthermore, inference and learning can proceed in a biologically plausible fashion. The ensuing scheme rests on (...) Empirical Bayes and hierarchical models of how sensory information is generated. The use of hierarchical models enables the brain to construct prior expectations in a dynamic and context-sensitive fashion. This scheme provides a principled way to understand many aspects of the brain’s organisation and responses. In this paper, we suggest that these perceptual processes are just one emergent property of systems that conform to a free-energy principle. The free-energy considered here represents a bound on the surprise inherent in any exchange with the environment, under expectations encoded by its state or configuration. A system can minimise free-energy by changing its configuration to change the way it samples the environment, or to change its expectations. These changes correspond to action and perception, respectively, and lead to an adaptive exchange with the environment that is characteristic of biological systems. This treatment implies that the system’s state and structure encode an implicit and probabilistic model of the environment. We will look at models entailed by the brain and how minimisation of free-energy can explain its dynamics and structure. (shrink)
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  2.  348
    Free-Energy and the Brain.Karl J. Friston &Klaas E.Stephan -2007 -Synthese 159 (3):417 - 458.
    If one formulates Helmholtz's ideas about perception in terms of modern-day theories one arrives at a model of perceptual inference and learning that can explain a remarkable range of neurobiological facts. Using constructs from statistical physics it can be shown that the problems of inferring what cause our sensory inputs and learning causal regularities in the sensorium can be resolved using exactly the same principles. Furthermore, inference and learning can proceed in a biologically plausible fashion. The ensuing scheme rests on (...) Empirical Bayes and hierarchical models of how sensory information is generated. The use of hierarchical models enables the brain to construct prior expectations in a dynamic and context-sensitive fashion. This scheme provides a principled way to understand many aspects of the brain's organisation and responses. In this paper, we suggest that these perceptual processes are just one emergent property of systems that conform to a free-energy principle. The free-energy considered here represents a bound on the surprise inherent in any exchange with the environment, under expectations encoded by its state or configuration. A system can minimise free-energy by changing its configuration to change the way it samples the environment, or to change its expectations. These changes correspond to action and perception, respectively, and lead to an adaptive exchange with the environment that is characteristic of biological systems. This treatment implies that the system's state and structure encode an implicit and probabilistic model of the environment. We will look at models entailed by the brain and how minimisation of free-energy can explain its dynamics and structure. (shrink)
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  3.  49
    Why the acrimony?: Reply to Davidson.Stephan Boehm &Karl Farmer -1993 -Critical Review: A Journal of Politics and Society 7 (2-3):407-421.
    Our response to Davidson is two‐pronged. First, we dispute the basis for his dismissal of Austrian economics as presented by O'Driscoll and Rizzo. In particular, we reject his claim, dictated entirely by his Post Keynesian perspective, concerning an “identical axiomatic foundation” of Austrian and neoclassical economics. Second, we seek to show that Davidson's criticism of neoclassicism is based on a superficial, incorrect, and outmoded reading of neoclassical economics.
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  4.  307
    Artificial intelligence and its natural limits.Karl D.Stephan &Gyula Klima -2021 -AI and Society (1):9-18.
    An argument with roots in ancient Greek philosophy claims that only humans are capable of a certain class of thought termed conceptual, as opposed to perceptual thought, which is common to humans, the higher animals, and some machines. We outline the most detailed modern version of this argument due to Mortimer Adler, who in the 1960s argued for the uniqueness of the human power of conceptual thought. He also admitted that if conceptual thought were ever manifested by machines, such an (...) achievement would contradict his conclusion. We revisit Adler’s criterion in the light of the past five decades of artificial-intelligence research, and refine it in view of the classical definitions of perceptual and conceptual thought. We then examine two well-publicized examples of creative works produced by AI systems and show that evidence for conceptual thought appears to be lacking in them. Although clearer evidence for conceptual thought on the part of AI systems may arise in the near future, especially if the global neuronal workspace theory of consciousness prevails over its rival, integrated information theory, the question of whether AI systems can engage in conceptual thought appears to be still open. (shrink)
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  5.  79
    Uncertainty in perception and the Hierarchical Gaussian Filter.Christoph D. Mathys,Ekaterina I. Lomakina,Jean Daunizeau,Sandra Iglesias,Kay H. Brodersen,Karl J. Friston &Klaas E.Stephan -2014 -Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 8.
  6.  26
    Karl Korsch: Revolutionary Theory.Stephan E. Bronner -1977 -Telos: Critical Theory of the Contemporary 1977 (34):225-236.
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  7.  63
    Principe de discussion et éthique de la responsabilité chezKarl-Otto Apel.Stéphane Courtois -1995 -Dialogue 34 (4):695-.
    Les recherches poursuivies par les membres de l'école de Francfort depuis la seconde moitié des années quatre-vingt se signalent primordialement par l'intérêt porté au problème général des conditions d'application de l'éthique de la discussion au domaine du droit et de la politique. En témoignent les recueils publiés récemment parKarl-Otto Apel, en particulier Diskurs und Verantwortung et Zur Anwendung der Diskursethik in Politik, Recht und Wissenschaft, ainsi que l'ouvrage volumineux de J. Habermas consacré à la théorie du droit, Faktizität (...) und Geltung. Bien que non définitive, cette orientation de recherche n'en est pas moins suffisamment élaborée à l'heure actuelle pour permettre une évaluation. Le but du présent article sera plus spécialement de soumettre à un examen critique la voie de solution propre apportée par Apel à ce problème. Une thèse centrale sera défendue: celle suivant laquelle les difficultés que présente l'application de l'éthique communicationnelle au monde du droit et de la politique ne peuvent être entièrement solutionnées dans le cadre restreint de la théorie morale, mais exigent la transition à une théorie du droit et de la démocratie. (shrink)
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  8.  39
    The Surprising Creativity of Digital Evolution: A Collection of Anecdotes From the Evolutionary Computation and Artificial Life Research Communities.Joel Lehman,Jeff Clune,Dusan Misevic,Christoph Adami,Julie Beaulieu,Peter Bentley,Bernard J.,Belson Samuel,Bryson Guillaume,M. David,Nick Cheney,Antoine Cully,Stephane Donciuex,Fred Dyer,Ellefsen C.,Feldt Kai Olav,Fischer Robert,ForrestStephan,Frénoy Stephanie,Gagneé Antoine,Goff Christian,Grabowski Leni Le,M. Laura,Babak Hodjat,Laurent Keller,Carole Knibbe,Peter Krcah,Richard Lenski,Lipson E.,MacCurdy Hod,Maestre Robert,Miikkulainen Carlos,Mitri Risto,Moriarty Sara,E. David,Jean-Baptiste Mouret,Anh Nguyen,Charles Ofria,Marc Parizeau,David Parsons,Robert Pennock,Punch T.,F. William,Thomas Ray,Schoenauer S.,Shulte Marc,Sims Eric,StanleyKarl,O. Kenneth,Fran\C. Cois Taddei,Danesh Tarapore,Simon Thibault,Westley Weimer,Richard Watson &Jason Yosinksi -2018 -CoRR.
    Biological evolution provides a creative fount of complex and subtle adaptations, often surprising the scientists who discover them. However, because evolution is an algorithmic process that transcends the substrate in which it occurs, evolution’s creativity is not limited to nature. Indeed, many researchers in the field of digital evolution have observed their evolving algorithms and organisms subverting their intentions, exposing unrecognized bugs in their code, producing unexpected adaptations, or exhibiting outcomes uncannily convergent with ones in nature. Such stories routinely reveal (...) creativity by evolution in these digital worlds, but they rarely fit into the standard scientific narrative. Instead they are often treated as mere obstacles to be overcome, rather than results that warrant study in their own right. The stories themselves are traded among researchers through oral tradition, but that mode of information transmission is inefficient and prone to error and outright loss. Moreover, the fact that these stories tend to be shared only among practitioners means that many natural scientists do not realize how interesting and lifelike digital organisms are and how natural their evolution can be. To our knowledge, no collection of such anecdotes has been published before. This paper is the crowd-sourced product of researchers in the fields of artificial life and evolutionary computation who have provided first-hand accounts of such cases. It thus serves as a written, fact-checked collection of scientifically important and even entertaining stories. In doing so we also present here substantial evidence that the existence and importance of evolutionary surprises extends beyond the natural world, and may indeed be a universal property of all complex evolving systems. (shrink)
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  9.  4
    Sonnenenergie.Jochen Diekmann,Alfred Gierer,Hans-Jürgen Krupp,Klaus Pinkau,Hans-Joachim Queisser,Fritz Peter Schäfer,Helmut Schaefer,KarlStephan,Dieter Weiß &Horst Tobias Witt -1991 - de Gruyter.
    The book (in German) on “Solar Energy – challenge for research, development and international co-operation” is the report of a study group of the Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin. It reviews solar thermal, photovoltaic, and bio mimetic solar energy techniques; prospects of de-central techniques in developing countries; transport and storage of solar energy; and chances for cooperation with Arabic countries and countries of the South of the former Soviet Union. The prospect of large scale energy production in arid areas, and (...) the modern potentials of conducting electricity over long distances by high-voltage DC transmission (V, 2.1) are particularly relevant for the concluding section. Political chances as well as risks were considered for reliable long term cooperation with various Arab countries on these issues. The recommendations appear to be still appropriate 25 years after the book was published, particularly the political advice in favour of cooperation between Europe and suitable countries of the Maghreb. The global time scale of implementation (discussed in chapter I, 7.2) is of the same (high) magnitude as that of other major changes in the history of technology, such as the substitution of sailing ships by steamboats which took almost a century. (shrink)
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  10.  68
    Un capitalisme infini? À propos de Marx, prénom :Karl, de Pierre Dardot et Christian Laval.Stéphane Haber &Frédéric Monferrand -2013 -Actuel Marx 53 (1):169.
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  11.  35
    Karl-Stéphan Bouthillette: Dialogue and Doxography in Indian Philosophy: Points of View in Buddhist, Jaina, and Advaita Vedānta Traditions: Abingdon, Oxon, and New York: Routledge, 2020. [REVIEW]Jacqueline G. Suthren Hirst -2022 -Journal of Dharma Studies 5 (2-3):201-203.
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  12.  292
    Kohärenter explanatorischer Pluralismus.Stephan Hartmann -2002 - In Wolfram Hogrebe,Grenzen und Grenzüberschreitungen: XIX. Deutscher Kongress für Philosophie, Bonn, 23.-27. September 2002 : Vorträge und Kolloquien. Sinclair Press. pp. 141-150.
    Die Frage, was eine wissenschaftliche Erklärung ist, stellt seit mehr als einem halben Jahrhundert ein zentrales Thema der Wissenschaftsphilosophie dar. Die heutige Diskussion begann mit einer richtungsweisenden Arbeit von Carl Hempel im Jahre 1942 über den Erklärungsbegriff in der Geschichtswissenschaft. In dieser Arbeit gab Hempel, frühere Überlegungen von John Stuart Mill,Karl Popper und anderen präzisierend, eine formale Definition der Erklärung eines singulären Faktums.1 Mit seiner dem zugrunde liegenden Auffassung, dass die Wissenschaften sehr wohl in der Lage sind, Erklärungen (...) zu liefern, setzt sich Hempel ab von den zur damaligen Zeit vorherrschenden antimetaphysisch gestimmten Erklärungsskeptikern wie Pierre Duhem. Es ist jedoch wichtig zu betonen, dass Hempels Definition des Konzeptes der wissenschaftlichen Erklärung nicht wesentlich über das Deskriptive hinaus geht und damit auch und gerade von Empiristen akzeptiert werden kann. Bekanntlich versteht man unter einer Erklärung in Hempels Deduktiv-Nomologischen (D-N) Modell ein deduktiv gültiges Argument, zu dessen Prämisse (dem sog. Explanans) mindestens ein universelles Gesetz und eine Menge von singulären Sätzen gehört und dessen Konklusion das zu erklärende Faktum (das sog. Explanandum) ist. (shrink)
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  13.  28
    Eh bien ! dansez maintenant.Stéphane Legrand -2013 -Labyrinthe 40:51-54.
    La discussion scientifique sur le langage des abeilles a été initiée par un article devenu assez célèbre d’Émile Benveniste, paru en 1952 dans le premier numéro de la revue Diogène, « Communication animale et langage humain », et republié dans le tome I des Problèmes de linguistique générale de 1966. Benveniste y discutait les thèses deKarl von Frisch, défendues dans des conférences et un livre paru en 1950. Des thèses que l’on peut résumer en s’appuyant sur son discours (...) de réception du Nobe.. (shrink)
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  14.  13
    Friedrich Nietzsche, Werke. Kritische Gesamtausgabe, Begründet Von Giorgio Colli Und Mazzino Montinari, Weitergeführt Von Wolfgang Müllerlauter UndKarl Pestalozzi, Neunte Abteilung, Der Handschriftliche Nachlaß Ab Frühjahr 1885 In Differenzierter Transkription, Hg. V. Marie-Luise Haase Und Michael Kohlenbach. [REVIEW]Stephan Günzel -2003 -Nietzscheforschung 10 (1):348-354.
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  15.  73
    Ontology After Carnap Edited byStephan Blatti and Sandra Lapointe Oxford University Press, 2016, pp. 241, £45 ISBN: 9780199661985. [REVIEW]Karl Egerton -2017 -Philosophy 92 (1):135-142.
  16.  17
    Zyklos 5: Jahrbuch Für Theorie Und Geschichte der Soziologie.Martin Endreß &Stephan Moebius (eds.) -2019 - Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden.
    Das Jahrbuch für Theorie und Geschichte der Soziologie trägt dem Umstand Rechnung, dass die Soziologie eine Wissenschaft ist, die es mit einem sich historisch wandelnden Gegenstand zu tun hat, also eine Wissenschaft ist, die sich stets von Neuem selbst reflektieren muss, und widmet sich der engen Verbindung von soziologischer Theorie- und Disziplingeschichte sowie allgemein der Reflexionsgeschichte der Gesellschaft und ihren verschiedenen Selbstbeschreibungen. Neben Aufsätzen zur Theorie und Geschichte der Soziologie enthalten die einzelnen Bände dieses Jahrbuches auch Nachrichten aus der soziologiegeschichtlichen (...) Forschung, Inedita aus den verschiedenen einschlägigen Archiven, Interviews mit Zeitzeugen sowie Besprechungen einschlägiger Buchpublikationen zu diesem Thema. Der Inhalt Editorial • Aufsätze • Diskussion • Nachrichten aus der soziologiegeschichtlichen Forschung • Editionsprojekte • Unveröffentlichtes aus den Archiven • Rezensionen • Anhang Die Zielgruppe SoziologInnen Die Herausgeber Dr. Martin Endreß ist Professor für Allgemeine Soziologie an der Universität Trier. Dr.Stephan Moebius ist Professor für Soziologische Theorie und Ideengeschichte an derKarl-Franzens-Universität Graz. (shrink)
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  17.  52
    Review ofKarl-Stéphan Bouthillette, Dialogue and Doxography in Indian Philosophy: Points of View in Buddhist, Jaina, and Advaita Vedānta Traditions: New York: Routledge, 2020, ISBN: 978-0-367-22613-8, hb, xii + 210pp. [REVIEW]Andrew J. Nicholson -2021 -Sophia 60 (3):777-779.
  18.  69
    Discussion et responsabilité 1: L'éthique après Kant. [REVIEW]Stéphane Courtois -1999 -Dialogue 38 (4):881-883.
    La collection «Passages» des Éditions du Cerf se spécialise depuis plusieurs années déjà dans la traduction d'ouvrages de langue allemande. Mentionnons, dans la liste des auteurs les plus fréquemment traduits, les noms de Wilhelm Dilthey, Ernst Cassirer et Jürgen Habermas. On nous offre maintenant une traduction d'un livre important deKarl-Otto Apel, paru chez Suhrkamp en 1988, Diskurs und Verantwortung. Das Problem des Übergangs zur Postconventionellen Moral. Ce volume regroupe une dizaine d'articles, parus entre 1980 et 1988, qui tentent, (...) pour la plupart, de faire valoir les contributions possibles de l'éthique de la discussion aux problèmes pratiques de notre époque. (shrink)
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  19.  465
    Grounding and Necessity.Stephan Leuenberger -2014 -Inquiry: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Philosophy 57 (2):151-174.
    The elucidations and regimentations of grounding offered in the literature standardly take it to be a necessary connection. In particular, authors often assert, or at least assume, that if some facts ground another fact, then the obtaining of the former necessitates the latter; and moreover, that grounding is an internal relation, in the sense of being necessitated by the existence of the relata. In this article, I challenge the necessitarian orthodoxy about grounding by offering two prima facie counterexamples. First, some (...) physical facts may ground a certain phenomenal fact without necessitating it; and they may co-exist with the latter without grounding it. Second, some instantiations of categorical properties may ground the instantiation of a dispositional one without necessitating it; and they may co-exist without grounding it. After arguing that these may be genuine counterexamples, I ask whether there are modal constraints on grounding that are not threatened by them. I propose two: that grounding supervenes on what facts there are, and that every grounded fact supervenes on what grounds there are. Finally, I attempt to provide a rigorous formulation of the latter supervenience claim and discuss some technical questions that arise if we allow descending grounding chains of transfinite length. (shrink)
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  20.  231
    The fundamental: Ungrounded or all-grounding?Stephan Leuenberger -2020 -Philosophical Studies 177 (9):2647-2669.
    Fundamentality plays a pivotal role in discussions of ontology, supervenience, and possibility, and other key topics in metaphysics. However, there are two different ways of characterising the fundamental: as that which is not grounded, and as that which is the ground of everything else. I show that whether these two characterisations pick out the same property turns on a principle—which I call “Dichotomy”—that is of independent interest in the theory of ground: that everything is either fully grounded or not even (...) partially grounded. I then argue that Dichotomy fails: some facts have partial grounds that cannot be complemented to a full ground. Rejecting Dichotomy opens the door to recognising a bifurcation in our notion of fundamentality. I sketch some of the far-reaching metaphysical consequences this might have, with reference to big-picture views such as Humeanism. Since Dichotomy is entailed by the standard account of partial ground, according to which partial grounds are subpluralities of full grounds, a non-standard account is needed. In a technical “Appendix”, I show that truthmaker semantics furnishes such an account, and identify a semantic condition that corresponds to Dichotomy. (shrink)
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  21.  320
    From Grounding to Supervenience?Stephan Leuenberger -2014 -Erkenntnis 79 (1):227-240.
    The concept of supervenience and a regimented concept of grounding are often taken to provide rival explications of pre-theoretical concepts of dependence and determination. Friends of grounding typically point out that supervenience claims do not entail corresponding grounding claims. Every fact supervenes on itself, but is not grounded in itself, and the fact that a thing exists supervenes on the fact that its singleton exists, but is not grounded in it. Common lore has it, though, that grounding claims do entail (...) corresponding supervenience claims. In this article, I show that this assumption is problematic. On one way of understanding it, the corresponding supervenience claim is just an entailment claim under a different name. On another way of understanding it, the corresponding claim is a distinctive supervenience claim, but its specification gives rise to what I call the "reference type problem": to associate the classes of facts that are the relata of grounding with the types of facts that are the relata of supervenience. However it is understood, supervenience rules out prima facie possibilities: alien realizers, blockers, heterogeneous realizers, floaters, and heterogeneous blockers. Instead of being rival explications of one and the same pre-theoretical concept, grounding and supervenience may be complementary concepts capturing different aspects of determination and dependence. (shrink)
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  22. Man against Himself.Karl A. Menninger -1938 -Science and Society 2 (4):559-562.
     
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  23.  229
    Supervenience in metaphysics.Stephan Leuenberger -2008 -Philosophy Compass 3 (4):749-762.
    Supervenience is a topic-neutral, broadly logical relation between classes of properties or facts. In a slogan, A supervenes on B if and only if there cannot be an A-difference without a B-difference. The first part of this paper considers different ways in which that slogan has been cashed out. The second part discusses applications of concepts of supervenience, focussing on the question whether they may provide an explication of determination theses such as physicalism.
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  24.  230
    What is global supervenience?Stephan Leuenberger -2009 -Synthese 170 (1):115 - 129.
    The relation of global supervenience is widely appealed to in philosophy. In slogan form, it is explained as follows: a class of properties A supervenes on a class of properties B if no two worlds differ in the distribution of A-properties without differing in the distribution of B-properties. It turns out, though, that there are several ways to cash out that slogan. Three different proposals have been discussed in the literature. In this paper, I argue that none of them is (...) adequate. Furthermore, I present a puzzle that reveals a tension in our concept of global supervenience. (shrink)
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  25.  45
    (2 other versions)Ceteris Absentibus Physicalism.Stephan Leuenberger -2008 -Oxford Studies in Metaphysics 4:145-170.
  26.  116
    Oxford Studies in Metaphysics.Stephan Leuenberger -2010 -Philosophical Review 119 (1):118-123.
  27.  74
    Total logic.Stephan Leuenberger -2014 -Review of Symbolic Logic 7 (3):529-547.
  28.  50
    The Politics of Memory: History, Biography, and the (Re)-Emergence of Generational Literature in Germany.Hans-Peter Söder -2009 -The European Legacy 14 (2):177-185.
    The existentialist philosopherKarl Jaspers is the father of a discourse on the spiritual consequences of the Holocaust. First addressed as the Schuldfrage (the question of guilt) by Jaspers immediately after the Second World War in his famous Heidelberg lecture, it has reappeared in various forms in German life and letters. Post-unification Germany has witnessed the valorization of the German experience of the Second World War. This ongoing re-evaluation has its antecedents in the generational literature of the 1970s and (...) 1980s. Whereas the Vaterliteratur of the 1970s (by authors such as Christoph Meckel, Uwe Timm, and Peter Henisch) was often embedded in a left-wing critique of the establishment, recent contributions to this growing genre (by Marcel Beyer,Stephan Wackwitz, Wibke Bruhns, and Ulla Hahn among others) speak to the issue of collective identity and transgenerational family trauma outside distinct left- and right-wing interpretations of National Socialism. The current writings on the life during the Third Reich (filtered through the experiences of discrete generations) are a confluence of historical writing, memorial literature, biography, and fiction. They are closely related to the discussions that W. G. Sebald initiated in his 1997 lecture series on the silence of German postwar literature with respect to German suffering. The subsequent debate on how to bring closure to this ?German suffering? was intensified by Günter Grass's widening of the concept of German victimization beyond the air war controversy in his book Crabwalk (2002). As Grass distinguishes clearly between the various post-World War II generations (and their different perspectives on historical events), the question becomes whether these recent writings will bring about a final so-called ?zero hour? in German postwar history. (shrink)
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  29.  6
    Die Dialektik der Phänomenologie.Karl Schuhmann -1973 - Den Haag,: Martinus Nijhoff.
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  30.  47
    Behavioural approximations for restricted linear differential hybrid automata.Manindra Agrawal,FrankStephan,P. S. Thiagarajan &Shaofa Yang -2006 - In O. Stock & M. Schaerf,Lecture Notes In Computer Science. Springer Verlag. pp. 4-18.
  31.  11
    Sein, Existenz, Leben: Michel Henry und Martin Heidegger.Stephan Grätzel &Frédéric Seyler (eds.) -2013 - Freiburg: Verlag Karl Alber.
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  32. Whatever Became of Sin?Karl Menninger -1973
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  33.  108
    Global Supervenience without Reducibility.Stephan Leuenberger -2018 -Journal of Philosophy 115 (8):389-422.
    Does the global supervenience of one class on another entail reductionism, in the sense that any property in the former class is definable from properties in the latter class? This question appears to be at the same time formally tractable and philosophically significant. It seems formally tractable because the concepts involved are susceptible to rigorous definition. It is philosophically significant because in a number of debates about inter-level relationships, there are prima facie plausible positions that presuppose that there is no (...) such entailment: standard versions of non-reductive physicalism and of normative non-naturalism accept global supervenience while rejecting reductionism. I identify a gap in an influential argument for the entailment, due to Frank Jackson and Robert Stalnaker, and draw on the model theory of infinitary languages to argue that some globally supervening properties are not reducible. (shrink)
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  34.  7
    Systematisches wörterbuch der philosophie.Karl Wilhelm Clauberg -1923 - Leipzig,: F. Meiner. Edited by Walter Dubislaw.
    Excerpt from Systematisches Wörterbuch der Philosophie Befremden erregenden Maßnahme sahen sich die Verfasser ge nötigt, weil sie anderenfalls aus Gründen der Präzision Wörter bücher der Kunstwörter der benutzten Autoren hätten zusammen stellen müssen. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the (...) aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works. (shrink)
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  35.  10
    Christliche Sozialethik--Orientierung welcher Praxis?: Friedhelm Hengsbach SJ zu Ehren.Bernhard Emunds &Friedhelm Hengsbach (eds.) -2018 - Baden-Baden: Nomos.
    Welche Problemlagen fordern Christen heute heraus, sich politisch zu engagieren? In welchen Formen reagieren sie darauf? Wie soll sich Christliche Sozialethik auf solche "Politik aus dem Glauben" beziehen und wie kann sie diese orientierend unterstutzen? Das Buch ist dem Theorie-Praxis-Verhaltnis der Christlichen Sozialethik gewidmet, das fur das Denken von Prof. Dr. Friedhelm Hengsbach SJ zentral ist. Aus Anlass seines 80. Geburtstags setzen sich 22 namhafte Autorinnen und Autoren mit dieser Fragestellung auseinander. Neben Beitragen zum Wandel der politischen Praxis von Christen (...) und Grundlagenreflexionen zum Status der Sozialethik als praktischer Wissenschaft enthalt der Band Untersuchungen zu politischen Antworten auf Digitalisierung, europaische Krise und Rechtspopulismus sowie Artikel, in denen exemplarisch aufgezeigt wird, wie Sozialethik zur Orientierung sozialpolitischen oder wirtschaftlichen Handelns beitragen kann. Das Buch endet mit einer Antwort Friedhelm Hengsbachs. Mit Beitragen von Anika Christina Albert, Michelle Becka, Rainer Bucher, Bernhard Emunds, Johannes Eurich,Karl Gabriel,Stephan Goertz, Friedhelm Hengsbach SJ, Hans-Joachim Hohn, Traugott Jahnichen, Judith Konemann, Bernhard Laux, Walter Lesch, Andreas Lob-Hudepohl, Torsten Meireis, Dietmar Mieth, Matthias Mohring-Hesse, Martin Schneider, Michael Schramm, Christian Spiess, Johannes Ulrich, Markus Vogt, Gunter Wilhelm und Katja Winkler. (shrink)
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  36.  23
    Editorial.Stephan Hartmann,Carlo Martini &Jan Sprenger -2010 -Logic Journal of the IGPL 18 (2):277-277.
    Social epistemology is a relatively new and booming field of research. It studies the social dimension of the pursuit of acquiring true beliefs and requires philosophical as well as sociological and economic expertise. The insights gained in social epistemology are not only of theoretical interest; they also improve our understanding of social and political processes, as the field includes the analysis of group deliberation and group decision-making. However, surprisingly little work has so far been done on the epistemic properties of (...) group deliberation, belief aggregation, and decision-making procedures. To close this gap, the construction and analysis of formal models are especially promising as formal modeling combines representational adequacy with instructive analytical results. This special issue collects papers that follow this strategy from the point of view of different disciplines. (shrink)
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  37.  37
    The anger of Aeneas.Karl Galinsky -1988 -American Journal of Philology 109 (3).
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  38. Geschichte der Kant Schen Philosophie.Karl Rosenkranz -1840 - L. Voss.
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  39.  17
    Coronavirus, crisis y crítica.Stephan Lessenich -2020 -Astrolabio: Nueva Época 25:146-164.
    La pandemia del Covid-19 no marca un cambio epocal y el coronavirus no es un shock exógeno. Lo que vivenciamos actualmente como crisis son los efectos destructivos del capitalismo globalizado y su modo “normal” de reproducción. Tampoco es cierto que la gestión política de la crisis haya puesto la protección de la vida por sobre todas las otras racionalidades, incluida la económica. Antes bien, es claro que todos los gobiernos de los países afectados han procedido de manera altamente selectiva a (...) la hora de definir qué vidas son dignas de protección y cuáles no. Ante esta situación, la sociología se enfrenta a un doble desafío: debe desnacionalizar de una vez por todas sus análisis y desempeñar ofensivamente el rol de una ciencia socialmente comprometida. (shrink)
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  40. Remarks on the problems of demarcation and of rationality.Karl R. Popper -1968 - In Imre Lakatos & Alan Musgrave,Problems in the philosophy of science. Amsterdam,: North-Holland Pub. Co.. pp. 88--102.
  41.  6
    Krise der Immanenz: Religion an den Grenzen der Moderne.Karl Gabriel &Hans-Joachim Höhn (eds.) -1996 - Frankfurt am Main: Fischer Taschenbuch Verlag.
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  42. Janusz Korczak\'s Power of Integration.Karl Dedecius -2001 -Dialogue and Universalism 11 (9-10):213-214.
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  43. Die Strukturanalyse der Erkenntnistheorie.Karl Mannheim -1922 -Kant-Studien. Ergänzungsheft 57.
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  44.  9
    L'énigme Otto Weininger.Jacques Antoine Malarewicz -2017 - [Nantes]: Éditions nouvelles Cécile Defaut.
    Le jeune philosophe viennois Otto Weininger se suicide en octobre 1903, âgé de 23 ans. Il vient de faire paraître un brûlot, Sexe et Caractère, qui restera un succès de librairie pendant deux décennies, avec 36 rééditions jusqu'en 1925. Sigmund Freud le considérera comme un génie. Ludwig Wittgenstein le tiendra en grande estime, tout commeKarl Kraus,Stephan Zweig, Robert Musil, James Joyce, Franz Kafka, Georges Bataille ou encore Emil Cioran. Malgré tous les hommages qu'il a reçus, Weininger (...) est quasiment inconnu en France. Est-il si difficile d'aborder et de comprendre le foisonnement intellectuel et artistique qu'a connu Vienne avant l'effondrement de l'empire austro-hongrois?? Le caractère antisémite et antiféministe de son œuvre le rend-il toujours aussi infréquentable?? Certes, la brièveté de son existence et la radicalité de ses positions ne plaident pas pour une approche nuancée du personnage. En fait, la renommée d'Otto Weininger, ici resituée dans son contexte, a été occultée par l'aura internationale que Freud a eu le temps de construire jusqu'en 1939. Pourtant, à son grand étonnement, jusqu'au seuil de la mort, certains de ses visiteurs lui poseront des questions sur les relations directes ou indirectes qu'il a eues avec cette étoile filante de la nuit viennoise. Tous deux se sont attaqués aux mêmes questions dans une période marquée par de profonds bouleversements. C'est ce qui explique que la bisexualité, la femme et l'homme face à leurs rôles respectifs et, plus généralement encore, les multiples éléments qui constituent l'identité de chacun sont des sujets qui résonnent toujours dans notre actualité. (shrink)
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  45.  9
    Naturalism and Democracynaturalismus Und Demokratie. Spinozas "Politischer Traktat" Im Kontext Seines Systems: A Commentary on Spinoza's "Political Treatise" in the Context of His System.Wolfgang Bartuschat,Stephan Kirste &Manfred Walther (eds.) -2019 - Boston: Brill.
    _Naturalism and Democracy_, first published in German in 2014, presents a long-awaited commentary on Spinoza’s _Political Treatise _. It gives a detailed analysis of Spinoza’s latest theory of State and Law, with special attention to his democratic approach.
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  46. Bernard Bolzano.FrStephan Schindler -1912 - [Prag,: Verlag des Deutschen Vereines zur Verbreitung Gemeinnütziger Kenntnisse in Prag.
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  47.  18
    Philosophy and Art in Munich around the Turn of the Century.Karl Schuhmann -1997 -Poznan Studies in the Philosophy of the Sciences and the Humanities 54:35-52.
  48.  10
    Was ist Krankheit?: Erscheinung, Erklärung, Sinngebung.Karl Ed Rothschuh (ed.) -1975 - Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft.
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  49.  44
    What can neuroimaging meta-analyses really tell us about the nature of emotion?Stephan Hamann -2012 -Behavioral and Brain Sciences 35 (3):150-152.
    In Vytal and Hamann (2010) we reported a neuroimaging meta-analysis that found that basic emotions can be distinguished by their brain activation correlates, in marked contrast to Lindquist et al.'s conclusions in the target article. Here, I discuss implications of these findings for understanding emotion, outline limitations of using meta-analyses and neuroimaging as the sole basis for deciding between emotion views, and suggest that these views are essentially compatible and could be adapted and combined into an integrated emotion framework.
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  50.  12
    Implicit visuospatial sequence representations are accessible in both the practice and the transfer hand.Stephan F. Dahm,Markus Martini &Pierre Sachse -2024 -Consciousness and Cognition 121 (C):103696.
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