Working with Children in End-of-Life Decision Making.JoanneWhitty-Rogers,Marion Alex,Cathy MacDonald,Donna Pierrynowski Gallant &Wendy Austin -2009 -Nursing Ethics 16 (6):743-758.detailsTraditionally, physicians and parents made decisions about children’s health care based on western practices. More recently, with legal and ethical development of informed consent and recognition for decision making, children are becoming active participants in their care. The extent to which this is happening is however blurred by lack of clarity about what children — of diverse levels of cognitive development — are capable of understanding. Moreover, when there are multiple surrogate decision makers, parental and professional conflict can arise concerning (...) children’s ‘best interest’. Giving children a voice and offering choice promotes their dignity and quality of life. Nevertheless, it also presents with many challenges. Case studies using pseudonyms and changed situational identities are used in this article to illuminate the complexity of ethical challenges facing nurses in end-of-life care with children and families. (shrink)
Does Sustainability Investment Provide Adaptive Resilience to Ethical Investors? Evidence from Spain.Eduardo Ortas,José M. Moneva,Roger Burritt &Joanne Tingey-Holyoak -2014 -Journal of Business Ethics 124 (2):297-309.detailsAlthough sustainable and responsible investment (SRI) has quite recently become a hot research topic, scarcely any systematic research has been paid to the performance of this non-conventional approach to investment during the financial crisis that emerged in mid-2008 when the resilience of the financial markets was sorely tested. Such real-world resilience in practice is the subject of the current research which tests whether environmental, social and governance screens provides ethical investors with adaptive resilience in bull and bear market conditions by (...) focussing on the SRI equity index of one of the most active markets in Europe in terms of ethical investment, the FTSE4Good-Ibex in Spain. Multivariate Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (M-GARCH) analysis indicates that ethical investors in the equity market examined with evidence that greater resilience in severe business cycle shocks could be attributable to SRI by companies. Although limited to a single country study, the results have implications for investors seeking resilience in crisis: when individual values and beliefs towards sustainability tie with personal investment strategy, the end result is adaptive financial resilience, social well-being and environmental defence. (shrink)
Abstraction, séparation et tripartition de la philosophie théorétique - Quelques éléments de l'arrière fond farabien et artien de Thomas d'Aquin, Super Boethium «De trinitate», question 5, article 3.Claude Lafleur &Joanne Carrier -2000 -Recherches de Theologie Et Philosophie Medievales 67 (2):248-271.detailsDans la section de La querelle des universaux intitulée «Séparation et abstraction: l'influence d'Al-Fârâbî sur la première scolastique» — section comprenant elle-même deux sous-sections: 1. «Intuition intellectuelle et connaissance métaphysique: Roger Bacon»; 2. «La métaphysique comme connaissance des choses divines» —, Alain de Libera écrit: «La distinction entre abstraction et séparation a [...] joué un rôle capital dans la pensée du XIIIe siècle. On la retrouve aussi bien chez Thomas d'Aquin que dans les diverses Introductions à la philosophie rédigées dans (...) l'euphorie épistémologique des années 1240-1260». Dans une étude parue postérieurement, avec le titre Structure du corpus scolaire de la métaphysique dans la première moitié du XIIIe siècle, A. de Libera ajoute encore au sujet de «la distinction entre abstraction et séparation» que «c'est un thème typique de la métaphysique scolaire de la première moitié du XIIIe siècle qui, dans l'historiographie, passe pour la pierre de touche de la ‘révolution thomiste’». (shrink)
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Exploring Models for an International Legal Agreement on the Global Antimicrobial Commons: Lessons from Climate Agreements.SusanRogers Van Katwyk,Alberto Giubilini,Claas Kirchhelle,Isaac Weldon,Mark Harrison,Angela McLean,Julian Savulescu &Steven J. Hoffman -2023 -Health Care Analysis 31 (1):25-46.detailsAn international legal agreement governing the global antimicrobial commons would represent the strongest commitment mechanism for achieving collective action on antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Since AMR has important similarities to climate change—both are common pool resource challenges that require massive, long-term political commitments—the first article in this special issue draws lessons from various climate agreements that could be applicable for developing a grand bargain on AMR. We consider the similarities and differences between the Paris Climate Agreement and current governance structures for (...) AMR, and identify the merits and challenges associated with different international forums for developing a long-term international agreement on AMR. To be effective, fair, and feasible, an enduring legal agreement on AMR will require a combination of universal, differentiated, and individualized requirements, nationally determined contributions that are regularly reviewed and ratcheted up in level of ambition, a regular independent scientific stocktake to support evidence informed policymaking, and a concrete global goal to rally support. (shrink)
Religious Rhetoric and the Ethics of Public Discourse.Rogers M. Smith -2008 -Political Theory 36 (2):272-300.detailsPolitical theorists have argued for and against the propriety of a civic ethics of “public reason” that would set normative bounds on the expression of religious views in the public discourse of government officials and, to a lesser degree, citizens. This essay explores whether critics of ethical restraints on religious discourse have grounds to criticize the religious rhetoric of President George W. Bush. Quantitative and qualitative studies show that Bush has used a distinctive “prophetic” mode of religious expression more often (...) than any modern predecessor. This sort of religious discourse is argued to be ethically dubious from the standpoints of most public reason advocates and most of their critics. Even as it champions democracy and adherence to the plans of divine providence, it discourages and de-legitimates democratic dissent and fails to provide the religious guidance it promises. (shrink)
Making Use of Existing International Legal Mechanisms to Manage the Global Antimicrobial Commons: Identifying Legal Hooks and Institutional Mandates.SusanRogers Van Katwyk,Isaac Weldon,Alberto Giubilini,Claas Kirchhelle,Mark Harrison,Angela McLean,Julian Savulescu &Steven J. Hoffman -2023 -Health Care Analysis 31 (1):9-24.detailsAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an urgent threat to global public health and development. Mitigating this threat requires substantial short-term action on key AMR priorities. While international legal agreements are the strongest mechanism for ensuring collaboration among countries, negotiating new international agreements can be a slow process. In the second article in this special issue, we consider whether harnessing existing international legal agreements offers an opportunity to increase collective action on AMR goals in the short-term. We highlight ten AMR priorities and (...) several strategies for achieving these goals using existing “legal hooks” that draw on elements of international environmental, trade and health laws governing related matters that could be used as they exist or revised to include AMR. We also consider the institutional mandates of international authorities to highlight areas where additional steps could be taken on AMR without constitutional changes. Overall, we identify 37 possible mechanisms to strengthen AMR governance using the International Health Regulations, the Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures, the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights, the Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade, the International Convention on the Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System, and the Basel, Rotterdam, and Stockholm conventions. Although we identify many shorter-term opportunities for addressing AMR using existing legal hooks, none of these options are capable of comprehensively addressing all global governance challenges related to AMR, such that they should be pursued simultaneously with longer-term approaches including a dedicated international legal agreement on AMR. (shrink)
Bioethics in Europe.ArthurRogers -1995 - Council of Europe Press. Edited by Denis Durand de Bousingen.detailsIn a clear, accessible journalistic style, generously illustrated with examples, the two authors report on the variety of responses found in each country & on ...
Cosmological Persons: Bringing Healing Down to Earth.Chandler D.Rogers -2024 - In Richard Kearney, Peter Klapes & Urwa Hameed,Hosting Earth: Facing the Climate Emergency. London and New York: Routledge. pp. 111-120.detailsAs persons we are irreducibly unique and essentially relational. In many contexts individual uniqueness has been accentuated at the expense of communal relationality. Our age has been marked by the loss of deep and meaningful relations to one another, and still more dramatically to the earth and its living creatures. The cosmological dimension of human personhood, that is, has been largely obscured. This chapter argues that our age has been marked increasingly by anesthetizing, alienating, and anonymizing tendencies. It proposes three (...) commensurate responses: aestheticization, or embodied philosophical knowing that remains faithful to the earth; anacarnation, or willful return to the wonders of embodied life, purged of romantic sentimentality; and attestation, or speaking up on behalf of the haecceitas or thisness of living creatures systematically instrumentalized for profit and pleasure. Together these responses help us to regain touch with animality by embracing the earth that hosts us, thus becoming more gracious guests, and to become more fully human by becoming better hosts to the multitude of earth's creatures, whose lives hang in the balance. (shrink)
Evidence based medicine and justice: a framework for looking at the impact of EBM upon vulnerable or disadvantaged groups.W. A.Rogers -2004 -Journal of Medical Ethics 30 (2):141-145.detailsThis article examines the implicit promises of fairness in evidence based medicine , namely to avoid discrimination through objective processes, and to distribute effective treatments fairly. The relationship between EBM and vulnerable groups is examined. Several aspects of EBM are explored: the way evidence is created , and the way evidence is applied in clinical care and health policy. This analysis suggests that EBM turns our attention away from social and cultural factors that influence health and focuses on a narrow (...) biomedical and individualistic model of health. Those with the greatest burden of ill health are left disenfranchised, as there is little research that is relevant to them, there is poor access to treatments, and attention is diverted away from activities that might have a much greater impact on their health. (shrink)
Feminism and public health ethics.W. A.Rogers -2006 -Journal of Medical Ethics 32 (6):351-354.detailsThis paper sketches an account of public health ethics drawing upon established scholarship in feminist ethics. Health inequities are one of the central problems in public health ethics; a feminist approach leads us to examine not only the connections between gender, disadvantage, and health, but also the distribution of power in the processes of public health, from policy making through to programme delivery. The complexity of public health demands investigation using multiple perspectives and an attention to detail that is capable (...) of identifying the health issues that are important to women, and investigating ways to address these issues. Finally, a feminist account of public health ethics embraces rather than avoids the inescapable political dimensions of public health. (shrink)
A Re-Evaluation of Time Measurement: Toward a Gravity-Independent Universal Time Framework.JohnRogers -2025 -Time Framework.detailsThis paper challenges the current paradigm of time measurement, which is based predominantly on atomic clocks known to be influenced by gravitational fields and relative motion. Through a re-examination of general relativity, gravitational time dilation, the limitations of matter-based chronometry, and the philosophy of measurement, we argue for the theoretical necessity and conceptual viability of a gravity-independent, universal time standard. We propose a framework to guide future inquiry into non-matter-based methods of timekeeping—exploring informational and quantum substrates—and explore possible implications for (...) fundamental physics, including quantum entanglement, consciousness, and the philosophical underpinnings of simultaneity. (shrink)
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Is there a moral duty for doctors to trust patients?W. A.Rogers -2002 -Journal of Medical Ethics 28 (2):77-80.detailsIn this paper I argue that it is morally important for doctors to trust patients. Doctors' trust of patients lays the foundation for medical relationships which support the exercise of patient autonomy, and which lead to an enriched understanding of patients' interests. Despite the moral and practical desirability of trust, distrust may occur for reasons relating to the nature of medicine, and the social and cultural context within which medical care is provided. Whilst it may not be possible to trust (...) at will, the conscious adoption of a trusting stance is both possible and warranted as the burdens of misplaced trust fall more heavily upon patients than doctors. (shrink)
Why bioethics needs a concept of vulnerability.WendyRogers,Catriona Mackenzie &Susan Dodds -2012 -International Journal of Feminist Approaches to Bioethics 5 (2):11-38.detailsConcern for human vulnerability seems to be at the heart of bioethical inquiry, but the concept of vulnerability is under-theorized in the bioethical literature. The aim of this article is to show why bioethics needs an adequately theorized and nuanced conception of vulnerability. We first review approaches to vulnerability in research ethics and public health ethics, and show that the bioethical literature associates vulnerability with risk of harm and exploitation, and limited capacity for autonomy. We identify some of the challenges (...) emerging from this literature: in particular, how to reconcile universal human vulnerability with a context-sensitive analysis of specific kinds and sources of vulnerability; and how to reconcile obligations to protect vulnerable persons with obligations to respect autonomy. We then briefly survey some of the theoretical resources available within the philosophical literature to address these challenges, and to assist in understanding the conceptual connections between vulnerability and related concepts such as harm, exploitation, needs, and autonomy. We also sketch out a taxonomy of sources and kinds of vulnerability. Finally, we consider the implications for policy evaluation of making vulnerability an explicit and central focus of bioethics. Our investigation is in the form of a broad survey motivating a research agenda rather than a detailed analysis. (shrink)
McLuhan's Techno-Sensorium City: Coming to Our Senses in a Programmed Environment.Jaqueline McLeodRogers -2020 - Lexington Books.detailsThis book presents McLuhan as both an activist and a speculative urbanist who endeavored to alter human perception and imagine a sustainable future based on collective participation in a responsive urban environment—a techno-sensorium—in which technology is designed and programmed to be favorable to life and capable of engaging multiple senses.
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Knowing How to Feel: Racism, Resilience, and Affective Resistance.TaylorRogers -2021 -Hypatia 36 (4):725-747.detailsThis article explores the affective dimension of resilient epistemological systems. Specifically, I argue that responsible epistemic practice requires affective engagement with nondominant experiences. To begin, I outline Kristie Dotson's account of epistemological resilience whereby an epistemological system remains stable despite counterevidence or attempts to alter it. Then, I develop an account of affective numbness. As I argue, affective numbness can promote epistemological resilience in at least two ways. First, it can reinforce harmful stereotypes even after these stereotypes have been rationally (...) demystified. To illustrate, I examine the stereotype of Black criminality as it relates to false confessions. Second, it can encourage “epistemic appropriation”, which I demonstrate by examining the appropriation of “intersectionality” and #MeToo by white culture. Finally, I conclude that resisting harmful resilience requires affective resistance, or efforts that target numbness via different kinds of affective engagement. I consider Kantian “disinterestedness” as a candidate. (shrink)
Change from Within: Edmund Burke'sReflections on the Revolution in France.TristanRogers -2024 -The Philosophy Teaching Library.detailsEdmund Burke was an Irish-born British statesman and political philosopher who is best known as the father of modern conservatism. Developed in response to the French Revolution, Burke's conservatism aims to preserve and promote the existing (or traditional) institutions of society, including the rule of law, property, the family, and religion. Burke himself sought to defend these things, as embodied in the British Constitution, against the revolutionary spirit sparked in France. In his Reflections on the Revolution in France, Burke develops (...) the idea of society as an inheritance that must be conserved before it can be improved upon. In this piece, we examine Burke’s arguments, which draw on tradition, observable cause and effect, and a mix of moral and religious sentiments. Contrary to expectations, Burke insists that the principles of conservation and change are not opposed. (shrink)
Why populism?Rogers Brubaker -2017 -Theory and Society 46 (5):357-385.detailsIt is a commonplace to observe that we have been living through an extraordinary pan-European and trans-Atlantic populist moment. But do the heterogeneous phenomena lumped under the rubric “populist” in fact belong together? Or is “populism” just a journalistic cliché and political epithet? In the first part of the article, I defend the use of “populism” as an analytic category and the characterization of the last few years as a “populist moment,” and I propose an account of populism as a (...) discursive and stylistic repertoire. In the second part, I specify the structural trends and the conjunctural convergence of a series of crises that jointly explain the clustering in space and time that constitutes the populist moment. The question in my title is thus twofold: it is a question about populism as a term or concept and a question about populism as a phenomenon in the world. The article addresses both the conceptual and the explanatory question, limiting the scope of the explanatory argument to the pan-European and trans-Atlantic populist conjuncture of the last few years. (shrink)
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Self-Interest: An Anthology of Philosophical Perspectives From Antiquity to the Present.KellyRogers (ed.) -1997 - New York: Routledge.detailsSelf-Interest discusses the reconciliation of inevitable self-concern with its manifest potential for harm. This anthology brings together the efforts of twenty three renown philosophers to address the matter of how to bring about such a reconciliation. The drive for self-preservation, as observed by Aquinas, is the first law of nature. With this self-love, however, comes the threat of "the excessive love of self". Self-Interest brings into discussion the reconciliation of necessary self-concern with its manifest potential for harm. This anthology brings (...) together the work of twenty-three important philosophers to address the question of how to bring about such a reconciliation. Contributors include: Democritus, Plato, Aristotle, Augustine of Hippo, Aquinas,Hobbes, Nicole, Mandeville, Butler, Hutchenson, Hume, Smith, Kant, Bentham, Mill, James, Nietzsche, Dewey, Rand, and Gauthier. (shrink)
The philosophical canon in the 17th and 18th centuries: essays in honour of John W. Yolton.Graham Alan JohnRogers,Sylvana Tomaselli &John W. Yolton (eds.) -1996 - Rochester, N.Y.: University of Rochester Press.detailsEssays on philosophy and intellectual history, focusing in particular on John Locke.