Results for 'Jeffrey C. C. Ruff'
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- Thoughts on Wisdom and Its Relation to Critical Thinking, Multiculturalism, and Global Awareness.Jeremy Barris &Jeffrey C. C.Ruff -2011 -Analytic Teaching and Philosophical Praxis 31 (1):5-20.We want to propose a conception of wisdom with a view to exploring what insights it can give us into some basic dimensions of teaching in contemporary higher education. We hope to show that this conception allows us, on the one hand, to see some crucial inadequacies of existing approaches to critical thinking, multiculturalism, and global awareness or internationalism. On the other hand, we believe that it also gives us some insight into the existentially or spiritually meaningful dimensions of learning. (...) In this way, it bridges the most contemporary and practical foci of teaching and its most fundamental and timeless concerns. In the later part of the paper, we shall explore some of the characteristics of this conception further through the teachings of some of the longstanding wisdom traditions, including what they say about teaching itself. (shrink)No categoriesExport citation
Bookmark - Exchange and Transaction as a Form of Life and Meaning in the Logic of Tantric Concepts.Jeffrey C.Ruff -2020 -Journal of Dharma Studies 3 (1):131-154.This essay examines conceptual metaphors from Śaiva-Śākta traditions of Hindu tantra. It explores how conceptual metaphors associated with heterodox ritual exchanges between humans and fierce divinities were employed and used to transform other ideas to express a new kind of kinship or family that replaced or supplemented orthodox concepts. It then considers the combination or blending of these conceptual systems with other ideas about concentration and miniaturization. The resulting conceptual metaphors are then directly related to the way that tantric traditions (...) moved over time to semanticized, abstract, orthodox, and mystical expressions and concepts. There is a diverse body of scholarship that examines and interprets the historical traditions of Hindu tantra. This body of scholarship is seldom considered outside of conversations among area specialists. Some of this is due to the heterodox nature of some tantric practices, especially concepts or rituals that use sex or sexual symbolism. Tantric focus on these heterodox conceptual frameworks conflicts directly with purity-oriented conceptual systems of orthodox Hindu traditions. Through a kind of meta-analysis of some of these conceptual metaphors, this essay seeks to consider a kind of conceptual logic that makes their heterodox content more understandable and accessible to other areas of religious studies and philosophy. The study relies on certain insights drawn from metaphor theory to formulate the concepts it examines. (shrink)No categories
- The Nature of Persons and Our Ethical Relations with Nonhuman Animals.Jeremy Barris &Jeffrey C.Ruff -2022 -Philosophy in the Contemporary World 28 (1):5-36.If we accept that at least some kinds of nonhuman animals are persons, a variety of paradoxes emerge in our ethical relations with them, involving apparently unavoidable disrespect of their personhood. We aim to show that these paradoxes are legitimate but can be illuminatingly resolved in the light of an adequate understanding of the nature of persons. Drawing on recent Western, Daoist, and Zen Buddhist thought, we argue that personhood is already paradoxical in the same way as these aspects of (...) our ethical relations with nonhuman animals, and in fact is the source of their paradoxical character. In both contexts, depth and shallowness turn out to be internal to or crucial parts of each other, with logically anomalous consequences. We try to show that the character of this paradoxical relation between depth and shallowness in the nature of personhood involves a crucial inflection in the case of nonhuman animal persons that allows us to make sense of and resolve these ethical paradoxes. (shrink)No categories
- New Thinking About Propositions.Jeffrey C. King,Scott Soames &Jeffrey Speaks -2014 - New York, NY, USA: Oxford University Press. Edited by Scott Soames & Jeffrey Speaks.Philosophy, science, and common sense all refer to propositions--things we believe and say, and things which are true or false. But there is no consensus on what sorts of things these entities are.Jeffrey C. King, Scott Soames, and Jeff Speaks argue that commitment to propositions is indispensable, and each defend their own views on the debate.
- Complex Demonstratives: A Quantificational Account.Jeffrey C. King -2001 - Cambridge, MA, USA: MIT Press.A challenge to the orthodoxy, which shows that quantificational accounts are not only as effective as direct reference accounts but also handle a wider range of ...
- Subjective Probability: The Real Thing.Richard C.Jeffrey -2002 - Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press.This book offers a concise survey of basic probability theory from a thoroughly subjective point of view whereby probability is a mode of judgment. Written by one of the greatest figures in the field of probability theory, the book is both a summation and synthesis of a lifetime of wrestling with these problems and issues. After an introduction to basic probability theory, there are chapters on scientific hypothesis-testing, on changing your mind in response to generally uncertain observations, on expectations of (...) the values of random variables, on de Finetti's dissolution of the so-called problem of induction, and on decision theory. (shrink)
- Structured propositions.Jeffrey C. King -2008 -Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
- Tense, modality, and semantic values.Jeffrey C. King -2003 -Philosophical Perspectives 17 (1):195–246.
- Analyzing Knowledge Retrieval Impairments Associated with Alzheimer’s Disease Using Network Analyses.Jeffrey C. Zemla &Joseph L. Austerweil -2019 -Complexity 2019:1-12.A defining characteristic of Alzheimer’s disease is difficulty in retrieving semantic memories, or memories encoding facts and knowledge. While it has been suggested that this impairment is caused by a degradation of the semantic store, the precise ways in which the semantic store is degraded are not well understood. Using a longitudinal corpus of semantic fluency data, we derive semantic network representations of patients with Alzheimer’s disease and of healthy controls. We contrast our network-based approach with analyzing fluency data with (...) the standard method of counting the total number of items and perseverations in fluency data. We find that the networks of Alzheimer’s patients are more connected and that those connections are more randomly distributed than the connections in networks of healthy individuals. These results suggest that the semantic memory impairment of Alzheimer’s patients can be modeled through the inclusion of spurious associations between unrelated concepts in the semantic store. We also find that information from our network analysis of fluency data improves prediction of patient diagnosis compared to traditional measures of the semantic fluency task. (shrink)
- (1 other version)Causal Necessity: A Pragmatic Investigation of the Necessity of Laws.Richard C.Jeffrey -1980 -Journal of Symbolic Logic 50 (2):557-558.
- The Logic of Decision.Richard C.Jeffrey -1965 - New York, NY, USA: University of Chicago Press."[This book] proposes new foundations for the Bayesian principle of rational action, and goes on to develop a new logic of desirability and probabtility."—Frederic Schick, _Journal of Philosophy_.
- Arendt, Camus, and Modern Rebellion.Jeffrey C. Isaac -1992 - Yale University Press.The works of Hannah Arendt and Albert Camus--two of the most compelling political thinkers of the "resistance generation" that lived through World War II--can still provide penetrating insights for contemporary political reflection.Jeffrey C. Isaac offers new interpretations of these writers, viewing both as engaged intellectuals who grappled with the possibilities of political radicalism in a world in which liberalism and Marxism had revealed their inadequacy by being complicit in the rise of totalitarianism. According to Isaac, self-styled postmodern writers (...) who proclaim the death of grandiose ideologies often fail to recognize that such thinkers as Camus and Arendt had already noted this. But unlike many postmodernists, these two sought to preserve what was worthy in modern humanism--the idea of a common human condition and a commitment to human rights and the dignity of individuals. Isaac shows that both writers advanced the idea of a democratic civil society made up of self-limiting groups. Although they criticized the typical institutions of mass democratic politics, they endorsed alternative forms of local and international organization that defy the principle of state sovereignty. Isaac also shows how Arendt's writings on the Middle East, and Camus's on Algeria, urged the creation of such institutions. The vision of a "rebellious politics" that Arendt and Camus shared is of great relevance to current debates in democratic theory and to the transformations taking place in Europe and the states of the former Soviet Union. (shrink)
- Complex Demonstratives, a Quantificational Account.Jeffrey C. King -2002 -Studia Logica 72 (3):440-443.
- Iconic Consciousness: The Material Feeling of Meaning.Jeffrey C. Alexander -2010 -Thesis Eleven 103 (1):10-25.This article suggests an iconic turn in cultural sociology. Icons can be seen, it is argued, as symbolic condensations that root social meanings in material form, allowing the abstractions of cognition and morality to be subsumed, to be made invisible, by aesthetic shape. Meaning is made iconically visible, in other words, by the beautiful, sublime, ugly, or simply by the mundane materiality of everyday life. But it is via the senses that iconic power is made. This new approach to meaning (...) is compared with others — with materialism, semiotics, aestheticism, moralism, realism, and spiritualism. (shrink)No categories
- Questions of Unity.Jeffrey C. King -2009 -Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society 109 (1pt3):257-277.In The Principles of Mathematics, Bertrand Russell famously puzzled over something he called the unity of the proposition. Echoing Russell, many philosophers have talked over the years about the question or problem of the unity of the proposition. In fact, I believe that there are a number of quite distinct though related questions all of which can plausibly be taken to be questions regarding the unity of propositions. I state three such questions and show how the theory of propositions defended (...) in my recent book The Nature and Structure of Content answers them. (shrink)
- The nature and structure of content.Jeffrey C. King -2007 - New York: Oxford University Press.Belief in propositions has had a long and distinguished history in analytic philosophy. Three of the founding fathers of analytic philosophy, Gottlob Frege, Bertrand Russell, and G. E. Moore, believed in propositions. Many philosophers since then have shared this belief; and the belief is widely, though certainly not universally, accepted among philosophers today. Among contemporary philosophers who believe in propositions, many, and perhaps even most, take them to be structured entities with individuals, properties, and relations as constituents. For example, the (...) proposition that Glenn loves Tracy has Glenn, the loving relation, and Tracy as constituents. What is it, then, that binds these constituents together and imposes structure on them? And if the proposition that Glenn loves Tracy is distinct from the proposition that Tracy loves Glenn yet both have the same constituents, what is about the way these constituents are structured or bound together that makes them two different propositions? In The Nature and Structure of Content,Jeffrey C. King formulates a detailed account of the metaphysical nature of propositions, and provides fresh answers to the above questions. In addition to explaining what it is that binds together the constituents of structured propositions and imposes structure on them, King deals with some of the standard objections to accounts of propositions: he shows that there is no mystery about what propositions are; that given certain minimal assumptions, it follows that they exist; and that on his approach, we can see how and why propositions manage to have truth conditions and represent the world as being a certain way. The Nature and Structure of Content also contains a detailed account of the nature of tense and modality, and provides a solution to the paradox of analysis. Scholars and students working in the philosophy of mind and language will find this book rewarding reading. (shrink)
- On propositions and fineness of grain (again!).Jeffrey C. King -2019 -Synthese 196 (4).
- Complex demonstratives, QI uses, and direct reference.Jeffrey C. King -2008 -Philosophical Review 117 (1):99-117.result from combining the determiners `this' or `that' with syntactically simple or complex common noun phrases such as `woman' or `woman who is taking her skis off'. Thus, `this woman', and `that woman who is taking her skis off' are complex demonstratives. There are also plural complex demonstratives such as `these skis' and `those snowboarders smoking by the gondola'. My book Complex Demonstratives: A Quantificational Account argues against what I call the direct reference account of complex demonstratives (henceforth DRCD) and (...) defends a quantificational account of complex demonstratives. In two recent papers, Nathan Salmon has criticized one of the book's arguments against DRCD. In this essay I show that Salmon's criticism fails. I also show that the version of DRCD that Salmon ends up endorsing is false. (shrink)
- Anaphora.Jeffrey C. King &Karen S. Lewis -2016 -Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
- Are indefinite descriptions ambiguous?Jeffrey C. King -1988 -Philosophical Studies 53 (3):417 - 440.
- W(h)ither Semantics!(?).Jeffrey C. King -2017 -Noûs 52 (4):772-795.No categories
- Can Propositions Be Naturalistically Acceptable?Jeffrey C. King -1994 -Midwest Studies in Philosophy 19 (1):53-75.
- Pronouns, descriptions, and the semantics of discourse.Jeffrey C. King -1987 -Philosophical Studies 51 (3):341--363.
- Contributions to the Theory of Inductive Probability.Richard C.Jeffrey -1957 - Dissertation, Princeton University
- Instantial terms, anaphora and arbitrary objects.Jeffrey C. King -1991 -Philosophical Studies 61 (3):239 - 265.
- Probability and the Art of Judgment.Richard C.Jeffrey -1992 - New York: Cambridge University Press.RichardJeffrey is beyond dispute one of the most distinguished and influential philosophers working in the field of decision theory and the theory of knowledge. His work is distinctive in showing the interplay of epistemological concerns with probability and utility theory. Not only has he made use of standard probabilistic and decision theoretic tools to clarify concepts of evidential support and informed choice, he has also proposed significant modifications of the standard Bayesian position in order that it provide a (...) better fit with actual human experience. Probability logic is viewed not as a source of judgment but as a framework for explaining the implications of probabilistic judgments and their mutual compatability. This collection of essays spans a period of some 35 years and includes what have become some of the classic works in the literature. There is also one completely new piece, while in many instancesJeffrey includes afterthoughts on the older essays. (shrink)
- William of Alnwick.Jeffrey C. Witt -2011 - In H. Lagerlund,Encyclopedia of Medieval Philosophy. Springer. pp. 1399--1402.
- Knowledge Representations Derived From Semantic Fluency Data.Jeffrey C. Zemla -2022 -Frontiers in Psychology 13.The semantic fluency task is commonly used as a measure of one’s ability to retrieve semantic concepts. While performance is typically scored by counting the total number of responses, the ordering of responses can be used to estimate how individuals or groups organize semantic concepts within a category. I provide an overview of this methodology, using Alzheimer’s disease as a case study for how the approach can help advance theoretical questions about the nature of semantic representation. However, many open questions (...) surrounding the validity and reliability of this approach remain unresolved. (shrink)
- The decline and fall of american culture?C. GoldfarbJeffrey -1989 -Social Research: An International Quarterly 56:659-680.No categories
- A Formal Semantics for Some Discourse Anaphora.Jeffrey C. King -1985 - Dissertation, University of California, San DiegoThe dissertation is an attempt to provide a formal semantics for occurrences of anaphoric pronouns and definite descriptions whose quantifier antecedents occur in sentences other than those in which the anaphoric pronouns and descriptions themselves occur, . The predominant view of anaphoric pronouns whose quantifier antecedents occur in the same sentence as they do is that they function as bound variables . Chapter 1 of this dissertation is constituted by a series of arguments against a bound variable treatment of q (...) - terms and the observation that the semantic behavior of q - terms is similar to that of certain singular terms in English arguments. Given the similarity of semantic behavior between the latter and q - terms, it seems plausible to suppose that a theory of the semantic behavior of these singular terms in English arguments would provide a model for the eventual production of a semantic theory of q - terms. In Chapter 2, a formal semantics for these singular terms in arguments is produced. In Chapter 3, a formal semantics for q - terms is produced, on the model of the semantics in Chapter 2. Finally, in Chapter 4 it is shown that the formal semantics of Chapter 3 can be extended to handle pronouns in discourses containing verbs of propositional attitudes such as 'wants', 'dreams' etc. It is also shown that some occurrences of sentences containing q - terms have truth conditions not expressible by any quantified first order sentence. One must use finite partially ordered quantifiers to express the truth conditions of such occurrences of sentences. ;The dissertation contains two appendices: the first is a technical discussion of the formal semantics of Hans Kamp which shows that his theory cannot accomodate the linguistic data mine is designed to handle. The second examines the views of Gareth Evans, Charles Chastain and Keith Donnellan on certain anaphoric pronouns. (shrink)Export citation Bookmark
- Acquaintance, singular thought and propositional constituency.Jeffrey C. King -2015 -Philosophical Studies 172 (2):543-560.In a recent paper, Armstrong and Stanley argue that despite being initially compelling, a Russellian account of singular thought has deep difficulties. I defend a certain sort of Russellian account of singular thought against their arguments. In the process, I spell out a notion of propositional constituency that is independently motivated and has many attractive features.
- The arc of civil liberation.Jeffrey C. Alexander -2013 -Philosophy and Social Criticism 39 (4-5):341-347.Despite anxieties about the growing power of neo-liberalism, the crisis of the EU and the upsurge of right-wing political movements, it is important to recognize that utopian movements on the left have also in recent years been symbolically revitalized and organizationally sustained. This article analyses three recent social upheavals as utopian civil society movements, placing the 2008 US presidential campaign of Barack Obama, the Egyptian uprising in Tahrir Square and the Occupy Movement in the USA inside the narrative arc that (...) began with the non-violent democratic uprisings against authoritarian governments four decades earlier. In this new utopian surge, however, there is an unprecedented connection of eastern and western impulses, demonstrating that the tide of democratic thought and action is hardly confined to Judeo-Christian civilizations. (shrink)
- Progress and disillusion.Jeffrey C. Alexander -2016 -Thesis Eleven 137 (1):72-82.Civil Sphere Theory (CST) provides a more dynamic, cultural, and democratically oriented model of contemporary society than either conflict or modernization theory. Civil spheres expand and contract in contradictory ways. Utopian periods of utopian repair trigger defensive efforts that primordialize and exclude. Late 20th century civil repair generated new relations of economic production and more multicultural modes of integration. Early 21rst century reactions have highlighted dangers, demanding more cultural homogeneity amidst rising concerns about inequality. There is increasing disillusionment about the (...) possibility for democratic progress. (shrink)
- Carnap’s Voluntarism.Richard C.Jeffrey -1994 - In Dag Prawitz, Brian Skyrms & Dag Westerståhl,Logic, methodology, and philosophy of science IX: proceedings of the Ninth International Congress of Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science, Uppsala, Sweden, August 7-14, 1991. New York: Elsevier. pp. 847--866.
- Carnap's Empiricism.Richard C.Jeffrey -1975 -Minnesota Studies in the Philosophy of Science 6.
- Looking for theory.Jeffrey C. Alexander -1981 -Theory and Society 10 (2):279-292.
- Les promesses d'une sociologie de la culture. Le discours technologique et la « machine à savoir sacré et profane ».Jeffrey C. Alexander -1991 -Hermes 8:297.
- Beyond reductionism: Refocusing on the individual with individual‐based modeling.Jeffrey C. Schank -2001 -Complexity 6 (3):33-40.
- Marxism and the Spirit of Socialism: Cultural Origins of Anti-Capitalism (1982).Jeffrey C. Alexander -2010 -Thesis Eleven 100 (1):84-105.
- The New Negro: The Life of Alain Locke.Jeffrey C. Stewart -2018 - Oup Usa.The definitive biography of Alain Locke, the first African American Rhodes Scholar and Harvard PhD in philosophy, Howard University philosophy scholar, and architect of the Harlem Renaissance, who mentored a generation of artists including Langston Hughes and Zora Neale Nurston and promoted the work of African Americans as the quintessential creators of American modernism. This biography explores his professional and private life, including his relationships with white patrons and his lifelong search for love as a gay man.No categories
- Las paradojas de la sociedad civil.Jeffrey C. Alexander -1994 -Revista Internacional de Filosofía Política 4:73-89.Export citation Bookmark
- Why Cultural Sociology Is Not ‘Idealist’.Jeffrey C. Alexander -2005 -Theory, Culture and Society 22 (6):19-29.I make use of this reply to McLennan to offer an overall perspective on the development of my work, normatively, empirically and theoretically, and in its earlier neofunctionalist and later cultural-sociological phase. I argue that, despite periodic suggestions that my cultural sociology seeks to push sociology towards an absolute subjectivity, the social-epistemological framework of ‘multidimensionality’ around which I organized my first work, Theoretical Logic in Sociology, still holds. Cultural sociology introduces a method and theory for understanding a dimension of social (...) life, it is not an attempt to explain every part of social life. There is still structural power according to this perspective, but the nature and force of this power must be understood differently. It is a mistake for social science to take a ‘realist’ path, either in its epistemology or in its mode of explanation. (shrink)
- Disability and Justice.Jeffrey C. Kirby -2004 -Social Theory and Practice 30 (2):229-246.
- Untitled Review.Richard C.Jeffrey -1970 -Journal of Symbolic Logic 35 (1):124-127.
- Valuation and acceptance of scientific hypotheses.Richard C.Jeffrey -1956 -Philosophy of Science 23 (3):237-246.
- Strong group-level traits and selection-transmission thickets.Jeffrey C. Schank -2014 -Behavioral and Brain Sciences 37 (3):272-273.
- For Democratic Culture: A Political Problematic.Jeffrey C. Goldfarb -1987 -Thesis Eleven 18-18 (1):32-55.
- On barack obama.Jeffrey C. Goldfarb -2009 -Constellations 16 (2):235-250.
- The repressive context of art work.Jeffrey C. Goldfarb -1980 -Theory and Society 9 (4):623-632.No categories
- The Metasemantics of Contextual Sensitivity.Jeffrey C. King -2014 - In Alexis Burgess & Brett Sherman,Metasemantics: New Essays on the Foundations of Meaning. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 97-118.Some contextually sensitive expressions are such that their context independent conventional meanings need to be in some way supplemented in context for the expressions to secure semantic values in those contexts. As we’ll see, it is not clear that there is a paradigm here, but ‘he’ used demonstratively is a clear example of such an expression. Call expressions of this sort supplementives in order to highlight the fact that their context independent meanings need to be supplemented in context for them (...) to have semantic values relative to the context. Many philosophers and linguists think that there is a lot of contextual sensitivity in natural language that goes well beyond the pure indexicals and supplementives like ‘he’. Constructions/expressions that are good candidates for being contextually sensitive include: quantifiers, gradable adjectives including “predicates of personal taste”, modals, conditionals, possessives and relational expressions taking implicit arguments. It would appear that in none of these cases does the expression/construction in question have a context independent meaning that when placed in context suffices to secure a semantic value for the expression/construction in the context. In each case, some sort of supplementation is required to do this. Hence, all these expressions are supplementives in my sense. For a given supplementive, the question arises as to what the mechanism is for supplementing its conventional meanings in context so as to secure a semantic value for it in context. That is, what form does the supplementation take? The question also arises as to whether different supplementives require different kinds of supplementation. Let us call an account of what, in addition to its conventional meaning, secures a semantic value for a supplementive in context a metasemantics for that supplementive. So we can put our two questions thus: what is the proper metasemantics for a given supplementive; and do all supplementives have the same metasemantics? In the present work, I sketch the metasemantics I formulated for demonstratives in earlier work. Next, I briefly consider a number of other supplementives that I think the metasemantics I propose plausibly applies to and explain why I think that. Finally, I consider the prospects for extending the account to all supplementives. In so doing, I take up arguments due to Michael Glanzberg to the effect that supplementives are governed by two different metasemantics and attempt to respond to them. (shrink)
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David Bourget (Western Ontario)
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Area Editors:
David Bourget
Gwen Bradford
Berit Brogaard
Margaret Cameron
David Chalmers
James Chase
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Ezio Di Nucci
Esa Diaz-Leon
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Jonathan Ichikawa
Monte Johnson
Michelle Kosch
Øystein Linnebo
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Brandon Look
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Michiru Nagatsu
Susana Nuccetelli
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