The Polish School of Argumentation: A Manifesto.Katarzyna Budzynska,Michal Araszkiewicz,Barbara Bogołȩbska,Piotr Cap,Tadeusz Ciecierski,Kamila Debowska-Kozlowska,Barbara Dunin-Kȩplicz,Marcin Dziubiński,Michał Federowicz,Anna Gomolińska,Andrzej Grabowski,Teresa Hołówka,Łukasz Jochemczyk,Magdalena Kacprzak,Paweł Kawalec,Maciej Kielar,Andrzej Kisielewicz,Marcin Koszowy,Robert Kublikowski,Piotr Kulicki,Anna Kuzio,Piotr Lewiński,Jakub Z. Lichański,Jacek Malinowski,Witold Marciszewski,Edward Nieznański,JaninaPietrzak,Jerzy Pogonowski,Tomasz A. Puczyłowski,Jolanta Rytel,Anna Sawicka,Marcin Selinger,Andrzej Skowron,Joanna Skulska,Marek Smolak,Małgorzata Sokół,Agnieszka Sowińska,Piotr Stalmaszczyk,Tomasz Stawecki,Jarosław Stepaniuk,Alina Strachocka,Wojciech Suchoń,Krzysztof Szymanek,Justyna Tomczyk,Robert Trypuz,Kazimierz Trzȩsicki,Mariusz Urbański,Ewa Wasilewska-Kamińska,Krzysztof A. Wieczorek,Maciej Witek,Urszula Wybraniec-Skardowska,Olena Yaskorska,Maria Załȩska,Konrad Zdanowski & Żure -2014 -Argumentation 28 (3):267-282.detailsBuilding on our diverse research traditions in the study of reasoning, language and communication, the Polish School of Argumentation integrates various disciplines and institutions across Poland in which scholars are dedicated to understanding the phenomenon of the force of argument. Our primary goal is to craft a methodological programme and establish organisational infrastructure: this is the first key step in facilitating and fostering our research movement, which joins people with a common research focus, complementary skills and an enthusiasm to work (...) together. This statement—the Manifesto—lays the foundations for the research programme of the Polish School of Argumentation. (shrink)
The influence of need for closure on expectations about and outcomes of negotiations.Magdalena Kuśka,Piotr Serbin,Łukasz Jochemczyk &JaninaPietrzak -2014 -Polish Psychological Bulletin 45 (3):286-295.detailsNeed for closure is a construct that describes a motivational tendency to quickly select and prioritize information in the environment. Such tendencies can affect the process of negotiations, and so the quality of their outcome. The rigidity that accompanies high need for closure can lead to less openness to proposals that benefit one’s partner, and to solutions that are less optimal. We conducted a study in which 34 pairs of individuals negotiated. Pairs were matched in terms of need for closure (...) and gender. We found that need for closure affected subjective evaluations of certain aspects of the negotiation process. Participants with low need for closure were more likely to indicate that they and their partners sought win-win solutions during the negotiation. This led to a greater sense of process fairness for the negotiation. These results can be taken into consideration when teaching negotiations, and when planning real-life negotiations. (shrink)
Corporate or Governmental Duties? Corporate Citizenship From a Governmental Perspective.Janina Curbach &Michael S. Aßländer -2017 -Business and Society 56 (4):617-645.detailsRecent discussions on corporate citizenship highlight the new political role of corporations in society by arguing that corporations increasingly act as quasi-governmental actors and take on what hitherto had originally been governmental tasks. By examining political and sociological citizenship theories, the authors show that such a corporate engagement can be explained by a changing conception of corporate citizens from corporate bourgeois to corporate citoyen. As an intermediate actor in society, the corporate citoyen assumes co-responsibilities for social and civic affairs and (...) actively collaborates with fellow citizens beyond governmental regulation. This change raises the question of how such corporate civic engagement can be aligned with public policy regulations and how corporate activities can be integrated into the democratic regime. To clarify the mode of CC contributions to society, the authors will apply the tenet of subsidiarity as a governing principle which allows for specifying corporations’ tasks as intermediate actors in society. By referring to the renewed European Union strategy for Corporate Social Responsibility, the authors show how such a subsidiary corporate-governmental task-sharing can be organized. (shrink)
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Limiting the Killing in War: Military Necessity and the St. Petersburg Assumption.Janina Dill &Henry Shue -2012 -Ethics and International Affairs 26 (3):311-333.detailsThis article suggests that the best available normative framework for guiding conduct in war rests on categories that do not echo the terms of an individual rights-based morality, but acknowledge the impossibility of rendering warfare fully morally justified. Avoiding the undue moralization of conduct in war is an imperative for a normative framework that strives to actually give behavioral guidance to combatants, most of whom will inevitably be ignorant of the moral status of the individuals they encounter on the battlefield (...) and will often be uncertain or mistaken about the justice of their own cause. We identify the requirement of military necessity, applied on the basis of what we refer to as the “St. Petersburg assumption”, as the main principle according to which a combatant should act, regardless of which side or in which battlefield encounter she finds herself. This pragmatic normative framework enjoys moral traction for three reasons: first, in the circumstances of war it protects human life to a certain extent; second, it makes no false claims about the moral justification of individual conduct in combat operations; and, third, it fulfills morally important functions of law. However, the criterion of military necessity interpreted on the basis of the St. Petersburg assumption does not directly replicate fundamental moral prescriptions about the preservation of individual rights. (shrink)
Distinction, Necessity, and Proportionality: Afghan Civilians’ Attitudes toward Wartime Harm.Janina Dill -2019 -Ethics and International Affairs 33 (3):315-342.detailsHow do civilians react to being harmed in war? Existing studies argue that civilian casualties are strategically costly because civilian populations punish a belligerent who kills civilians and support the latter's opponent. Relying on eighty-seven semi-structured interviews with victims of coalition attacks in Afghanistan, this article shows that moral principles inform civilians’ attitudes toward their own harming. Their attitudes may therefore vary with the perceived circumstances of an attack. Civilians’ perception of harm as unintended and necessary, in accordance with the (...) moral principles of distinction and necessity, was associated with narratives that cast an attack as relatively more legitimate and with a partial or full release of the coalition from blame. The principle of proportionality, which requires that civilian casualties are caused in pursuit of a legitimate war aim, informed their abstract attitudes toward civilian casualties in Afghanistan. Two rules of international law, which accord with the moral principles of distinction and necessity, were reflected in the civilians’ attitudes. The legal rule of proportionality, which diverges from the namesake moral principle, failed to resonate with the civilians. The article explores whether compliance with the legal rules of distinction and necessity can contribute to mitigating the strategic costs of civilian casualties. (shrink)
Medizin - Technik - Ethik: Spannungsfelder zwischen Theorie und Praxis.Janina Loh &Thomas Grote (eds.) -2023 - Berlin: J.B. Metzler, ein Teil von Springer Nature.detailsVermutlich sind sich Technik und Mensch nirgendwo so nahe, sind auf intime und verbindliche Weise miteinander verschränkt, wie in den Bereichen von Medizin, Therapie und Pflege. Am Nexus von Medizin und Technik werden deshalb zahlreiche ethische Fragen aufgeworfen. Dieser Band verfolgt das zweifache Anliegen, die Verschränkungen von Medizin, Technik und Ethik einerseits aus unterschiedlichen disziplinären Perspektiven zu beleuchten sowie andererseits einen Blick in die Praxis zu werfen, in die Erfahrungsräume der in der Medizin tätigen Menschen und ihre Interaktionen mit Technologien.
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Memory and Imagination: Truth in Autobiography.Janina Bauman -2002 -Thesis Eleven 70 (1):26-35.detailsWhat is the nature of the compulsion to life writing? How does the elongated project of writing a life change as it shifts moments and locales, and why do others respond so directly as readers of stories that are so specific and particular?Janina Bauman is known in English-speaking cultures for two books, Winter in the Morning and A Dream of Belonging. The first covers her girlhood in the Warsaw ghetto, and escape; the second, more fictionalized, deals with the (...) period leading up to exile from Poland after 1968.Janina Bauman spent 20 years of her life working in Polish film. This article reflects on the process of coming to autobiography, and making sense of the writing process and the reception process. (shrink)
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Memory of the Holocaust: Sources.Janina Bauman -2007 -Thesis Eleven 91 (1):78-88.detailsHow will the Holocaust be remembered as its survivors disappear? In this articleJanina Bauman reflects upon her own work on the Holocaust in the context of the Holocaust's broader reception. She offers her own views about the genre with reference to contemporary documents and testimonials, secondary work, scholarly work, fiction and film. These observations and stories all circulate around her own 1986 landmark text, Winter in the Morning.
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Goal-Based Private Sustainability Governance and Its Paradoxes in the Indonesian Palm Oil Sector.Janina Grabs &Rachael D. Garrett -2023 -Journal of Business Ethics 188 (3):467-507.detailsIn response to stakeholder pressure, companies increasingly make ambitious forward-looking sustainability commitments. They then draw on corporate policies with varying degrees of alignment to disseminate and enforce corresponding behavioral rules among their suppliers and business partners. This goal-based turn in private sustainability governance has important implications for its likely environmental and social outcomes. Drawing on paradox theory, this article uses a case study of zero-deforestation commitments in the Indonesian palm oil sector to argue that goal-based private sustainability governance’s characteristics set (...) the stage for two types of paradoxes to emerge: performing paradoxes between environmental, social, and economic sustainability goals, and organizing paradoxes between cooperation and competition approaches. Companies’ responses to these paradoxes, in turn, can explain the lack of full goal attainment and differential rates of progress between actors. These results draw our attention to the complexities hidden behind governance through goal setting in the corporate space, and raise important questions about the viability of similar strategies such as science-based targets and net-zero goals. (shrink)
Investigating employee perceptions: Association between recognized individual talents and social wellbeing.Janina M. Björk,Pernilla Bolander &Anna K. Forsman -2022 -Frontiers in Psychology 13.detailsBackgroundOrganizations worldwide increasingly adopt inclusive talent management, and this approach appears to rhyme particularly well with the Nordic welfare model. Questions about its value remain understudied, however. The inclusive approach is rooted in positive psychology and focuses on recognizing each employee's individual talents and assessing whether they fit the long-term needs of the organization, since a fit is assumed to be associated with employees' wellbeing. In the present study, we test this assumption focusing specifically on a key talent management practice, (...) talent identification, and the social dimension of employee wellbeing.MethodData were collected through an employee survey conducted within the Finnish units of four international manufacturing organizations and analyzed using logistic regression.ResultsWe found that the recognition of individual talents for long-term deployment by the organization is positively associated with social wellbeing in terms of supervisor support and social climate in the work unit, as perceived by the employees.ConclusionOur results tentatively suggest that inclusive talent management creates value through the identification of employees' individual talents as this practice can be associated with their enhanced wellbeing. (shrink)
Sources of dynamic variability in NF‐κB signal transduction: A mechanistic model.Janina Mothes,Dorothea Busse,Bente Kofahl &Jana Wolf -2015 -Bioessays 37 (4):452-462.detailsThe transcription factor NF‐κB (p65/p50) plays a central role in the coordination of cellular responses by activating the transcription of numerous target genes. The precise role of the dynamics of NF‐κB signalling in regulating gene expression is still an open question. Here, we show that besides external stimulation intracellular parameters can influence the dynamics of NF‐κB. By applying mathematical modelling and bifurcation analyses, we show that NF‐κB is capable of exhibiting different types of dynamics in response to the same stimulus. (...) We identified the total NF‐κB concentration and the IκBα transcription rate constant as two critical parameters that modulate the dynamics and the fold change of NF‐κB. Both parameters might vary as a result of cell‐to‐cell variability. The regulation of the IκBα transcription rate constant, e.g. by co‐factors, provides the possibility of regulating the NF‐κB dynamics by crosstalk. (shrink)
Almoravid and Almohad Empires. By Amira K. Bennison.Janina M. Safran -2021 -Journal of the American Oriental Society 139 (1).detailsThe Almoravid and Almohad Empires. By Amira K. Bennison. The Edinburgh History of the Islamic Empires. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2016. Pp. xiv + 382. $150, £90 ; $49.95, £29.99.
How “Post” Do We Want to Be – Really?: The Boon and Bane of Enlightenment Humanism.Janina Sombetzki -2016 -Cultura 13 (1):161-180.detailsPopular posthumanist theories are revealing a lot about their origin from enlightenment humanism. In this paper I will firstly have a closer look on the history of the enlightenment-humanistic concept of human nature and its roots in the Mesopotamian Epic of Gilgamesh. Afterwards I will show how this notion of human nature will be broadened in transhumanist thinking, turned upside down as a modern enlightenment humanism, or even deformed and perverted in the popular posthumanist vision of the immortal and from (...) its body completely abstracted mind in the Singularity of a computer interface. (shrink)
Social Robotics and the Good Life: The Normative Side of Forming Emotional Bonds with Robots.Janina Loh &Wulf Loh (eds.) -2022 - Transcript Verlag.detailsRobots as social companions in close proximity to humans have a strong potential of becoming more and more prevalent in the coming years, especially in the realms of elder day care, child rearing, and education. As human beings, we have the fascinating ability to emotionally bond with various counterparts, not exclusively with other human beings, but also with animals, plants, and sometimes even objects. Therefore, we need to answer the fundamental ethical questions that concern human-robot-interactions per se, and we need (...) to address how we conceive of »good lives«, as more and more of the aspects of our daily lives will be interwoven with social robots. (shrink)
The Influence of Background Music on Learning in the Light of Different Theoretical Perspectives and the Role of Working Memory Capacity.Janina A. M. Lehmann &Tina Seufert -2017 -Frontiers in Psychology 8:297754.detailsThis study investigates how background music influences learning with respect to three different theoretical approaches. Both the Mozart effect as well as the arousal-mood-hypothesis indicate that background music can potentially benefit learning outcomes. While the Mozart effect assumes a direct influence of background music on cognitive abilities, the arousal-mood-hypothesis assumes a mediation effect over arousal and mood. However, the seductive detail effect indicates that seductive details such as background music worsen learning. Moreover, as working memory capacity has a crucial influence (...) on learning with seductive details, we also included the learner’s working memory capacity as a factor in our study. We tested 81 college students using a between-subject design with half of the sample listening to two pop songs while learning a visual text and the other half learning in silence. We included working memory capacity in the design as a continuous organism variable. Arousal and mood scores before and after learning were collected as potential mediating variables. To measure learning outcomes we tested recall and comprehension. We did not find a mediation effect between background music and arousal or mood on learning outcomes. In addition, for recall performance there were no main effects of background music or working memory capacity, nor an interaction effect of these factors. However, when considering comprehension we did find an interaction between background music and working memory capacity: the higher the learners’ working memory capacity, the better they learned with background music. This is in line with the seductive detail assumption. (shrink)
Economic Transition in Historical Perspective: Lessons from the History of Economics.Janina Rosicka &Charles Michael Andres Clark -2001 - Ashgate.detailsThis volume of essays studies the problem of transition in economics from a historical perspective. It uses historical ideas and theories in a modern context to examine economic thought. It aims to show that social and historical context are important when considering economic transitions.
Ekonomia społeczna jako nowe wyzwanie.Janina Filek -2009 -Annales. Ethics in Economic Life 12 (1):179-188.detailsThe article discusses the concept of social economy. In the first part, some essential historical sources of the subject matter are described. The second part deals with the concept of social economy, taking into special consideration its definitional problems, founding values and characteristic principles as well as dilemmas and difficulties connected with its implementation.
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