Results for 'James L. Abbruzzese'
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- Who Should Go First in Trials with Scarce Agents? the Views of Potential Participants.Rebecca D. Pentz,Anne L. Flamm,Jeremy Sugarman,Marlene Z. Cohen,Zhiheng Xu,Roy S. Herbst &James L.Abbruzzese -2007 -IRB: Ethics & Human Research 29 (4):1.Access to investigational drugs is a concern to patients and regulatory agencies. In order to determine potential trial participants’ views on access to investigational drugs, we surveyed one hundred people who had been referred to a phase I clinical trial. Most respondents indicated that patients had a right to investigational drugs, that the drugs should be offered only in the context of research, that getting access to these drugs is too hard, and that knowing the right people and being persistent (...) increased the likelihood of gaining access. Respondents did not think that investigational drugs should be given to anyone who wanted them, or that physicians were aware of the latest investigational agents. They most frequently recommended two allocation criteria: offering investigational drugs to those who would benefit most or were most needy; and allocating them to maximize scientific advancement. Respondents who understood the purpose of the trial were more likely to choose the second criterion. (shrink)
- An interactive activation model of context effects in letter perception: I. An account of basic findings.James L. McClelland &David E. Rumelhart -1981 -Psychological Review 88 (5):375-407.
- Una aproximación conexionista a los procesos mentales. Entrevista conJames L. McClelland.Belén Pascual &James L. McClelland -2005 -Anuario Filosófico 38 (3):841-855.In this interview,James L. McClelland responds to questions regarding connectionist models of cognition, a theory inspired by information processing in the brain. McClelland explains the distinction between symbolic and non-symbolic processing for a better understanding of mental processes. He argues that connectionist models can perform the computations which we know the brain can perform. In addition, he responds to several general questions on the perspectives of computational models of cognition.No categories
- Is There an Archê Kakou in Plato?James L. Wood -2009 -Review of Metaphysics 63 (2):349-384.
- Why there are complementary learning systems in the hippocampus and neocortex: Insights from the successes and failures of connectionist models of learning and memory.James L. McClelland,Bruce L. McNaughton &Randall C. O'Reilly -1995 -Psychological Review 102 (3):419-457.
- The Educational Theories of the Sophists. Edited, with an Introd. and Notes, byJames L. Jarrett.James L. Jarrett -1969 - Teachers College Press.
- A personal philosophy for war time.James L. Mursell -1942 - New York [etc.]: J.B. Lippincott Company.A PERSONAL PHILOSOPHY FOR WAR TIME BY THE AUTHOR OF STREAMLINE YOUR MIND A Personal Philosophy for War TimeJAMES L. MURSELL Professor of Education Teachers ...
- On the time relations of mental processes: An examination of systems of processes in cascade.James L. McClelland -1979 -Psychological Review 86 (4):287-330.
- Meaning as Concept and Extension: Some Problems.James L. Battersby &James Phelan -1986 -Critical Inquiry 12 (3):605-615.Hirsch’s revision results from his attempt to think through the difficult question that underlies the whole essay: How does the movement of time and circumstance affect the stability of meaning? The first part of his answer is that the relation between original meaning and subsequent understanding or applications of that meaning is analogous to the relation between a concept and its extension. For example, if he reads Shakespeare’s sonnet 55 and applies it to his beloved, and one of us reads (...) it and applies it to his beloved, “that does not make the meaning of the sonnet different for us, assuming that we both understand that the text’s meaning is not limited to any particular exemplification but rather embraces many, many exemplifications” . That is, the sonnet has a status analogous to that of the concept “bicycle,” and the two applications have a status analogous to that of a three-speed and a ten-speed bicycle. Whereas Hirsch formerly considered such exemplifications part of a text’s significance, he now considers them part of its meaning. This revision indicates that for Hirsch meaning is not the product of a consciousness producing an intrinsic genre but of a consciousness communicating something broader and more general than an intrinsic genre—an intention-concept that can have numerous extensions or exemplifications, including many that the originating consciousness could not have anticipated. Formerly, Hirsch used intrinsic genre to describe that sense of the whole which governed the horizon of developing meaning and which, when the work was completed—when all the blanks were filled in—gave the work its specific determinate meaning. That is, determinacy of meaning was in large part a function of narrowing the class of implications; when the work was completed, the class of implications was restricted to those synonymous with expressed meaning. In short, in the old theory, meaning-intention is a “narrow,” not a broad “concept.”James L. Battersby, professor of English at Ohio State University, is the author of Rational Praise and Natural Lamentation: Johnson, Lycidas, and Principles of Criticism and Elder Olson: An Annotated Bibliography. He is currently at work on a study of the relationship between “thought” and structure in various genres.James Phelan is associate professor English at Ohio State University and the author of Worlds from Words: A Theory of language in Fiction. His work in progress concerns character and narrative progression. (shrink)
- Covariance, invariance, and equivalence: A viewpoint.James L. Anderson -1971 -General Relativity and Gravitation 2:161--72.
- Subjectivization in Ethics.James L. Hudson -1989 -American Philosophical Quarterly 26 (3):221 - 229.
- Letting Structure Emerge: Connectionist and Dynamical Systems Approaches to Cognition.Linda B. SmithJames L. McClelland, Matthew M. Botvinick, David C. Noelle, David C. Plaut, Timothy T. Rogers, Mark S. Seidenberg -2010 -Trends in Cognitive Sciences 14 (8):348.
- Atomic doctors: conscience and complicity at the dawn of the nuclear age.James L. Nolan -2020 - Cambridge, Massachusetts: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.After his father passed away,James Nolan's mother gave him a box of materials that his dad had kept private. To Nolan's complete surprise, the contents revealed the role his grandfather had played as a doctor in the Manhattan Project. Dr. Nolan, it turned out, had been a significant figure. A talented radiologist, he cared for the scientists on the Project, helped organize the safety and evacuation plans for the Trinity Test at Alamogordo, escorted the "Little Boy" bomb from (...) Los Alamos to Japan, and was one of the first Americans to enter the irradiated ruins of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The documents set Nolan on a hunt for more information about his grandfather and more generally about the conflicted role that medical personnel played in the early years of atomic testing. The result is a compelling history of the dawn of the atomic age as seen through the eyes of men and women torn between their duty and desire to win the war and their oath to protect life. Nolan follows his grandfather and medical colleagues as they seek to maximize safety while serving leaders determined to minimize delays, and as they consider the ethics of ending the deadliest of all wars with the most lethal of all weapons. The result, Nolan shows, was a very human pattern of caution, co-optation, and complicity. A vital and vivid account of a largely unknown chapter in atomic history, Delivering Little Boy is also a profound meditation on the professional and moral dilemmas that ordinary people face in extraordinary times. (shrink)
- (1 other version)The anthropological lens: harsh light, soft focus.James L. Peacock -1986 - New York: Cambridge University Press.Anthropology is a complex, wide-ranging, and ever changing field. Yet, despite its diversity, certain major themes do occur in the understandings of the world that anthropologists have offered. In this clear, coherent, and well-crafted book,James L. Peacock spells out the central concepts, distinctive methodologies, and philosophical as well as practical issues of cultural anthropology. Designed to supplement standard textbooks and monographs, the book focuses on the premises that underlie the facts that the former kinds of works generally present. (...) Free from unnecessarily abstract theoretical language and based on compelling concrete anecdote and engaging illustration, it is written in terms understandable to the anthropological novice, as well as being of value to the professional. The book's three main concerns are the substance, method, and significance of anthropology. In his discussion of substance, method, and significance of anthropology, such as the concept of culture, as well as holism. In writing about method, he explores the distinctive character of ethnographic fieldwork and raises questions of interpretation and comparison. Finally, he considers the relevance of anthropology with respect to both its practical application and what it contributes to understanding of human affairs. Using the photographic metaphors of 'harsh light' and 'soft focus', Peacock characterizes the anthropological worldview as consisting of two elements: on the one hand, a concern with the basic reality of the human condition, free of cultural influence; on the other, a broadly based holism that attempts to grasp all aspects of that condition, including its relation to the anthropologist. His book will appeal widely to readers interested in anthropology, at all levels. (shrink)
- The Philosophical Justification for the Equant in Ptolemy’s Almagest.James L. Zainaldin -2017 -Phronesis 62 (4):417-442.
- Putting knowledge in its place: A scheme for programming parallel processing structures on the fly.James L. McClelland -1985 -Cognitive Science 9 (1):113-146.No categories
- On Scepticism About Ought Simpliciter.James L. D. Brown -2024 -Australasian Journal of Philosophy 102 (2):497-511.Scepticism about ought simpliciter is the view that there is no such thing as what one ought simpliciter to do. Instead, practical deliberation is governed by a plurality of normative standpoints, each authoritative from their own perspective but none authoritative simpliciter. This paper aims to resist such scepticism. After setting out the challenge in general terms, I argue that scepticism can be resisted by rejecting a key assumption in the sceptic’s argument. This is the assumption that standpoint-relative ought judgments bring (...) with them a commitment to act in accordance with those judgments. Instead, I propose an alternative account of our normative concepts according to which only ought simpliciter judgments commit one to acting in accordance with those judgments. In addition to answering the sceptical challenge, the proposal offers an independently motivated account of what makes a concept normatively authoritative. (shrink)
- Presupposition, implication, and necessitation.James L. Stiver -1975 -Southern Journal of Philosophy 13 (1):99-108.
- Truth as correspondence: A re-definition.James L. Mursell -1922 -Journal of Philosophy 19 (7):181-189.
- How the Distinction between "Irreversible" and "Permanent" Illuminates Circulatory-Respiratory Death Determination.James L. Bernat -2010 -Journal of Medicine and Philosophy 35 (3):242-255.The distinction between the "permanent" (will not reverse) and "irreversible" (cannot reverse) cessation of functions is critical to understand the meaning of a determination of death using circulatory–respiratory tests. Physicians determining death test only for the permanent cessation of circulation and respiration because they know that irreversible cessation follows rapidly and inevitably once circulation no longer will restore itself spontaneously and will not be restored medically. Although most statutes of death stipulate irreversible cessation of circulatory and respiratory functions, the accepted (...) medical standard is their permanent cessation because permanence is a perfect surrogate indicator for irreversibility, and using it permits a more timely declaration. Therefore, patients properly declared dead in donation after circulatory death (DCD) protocols satisfy the requirements of death statutes and do not violate the dead donor rule. The acronym DCD should represent organ "donation after circulatory death" to clarify that the death standard is the permanent cessation of circulation, not heartbeat. Heart donation in DCD does not retroactively negate the donor's death determination because circulation has ceased permanently. (shrink)
- The Guardians in Action: Plato the Teacher and the Post-Republic Dialogues from Timaeus to Theaetetus.James L. Wood -2018 -Ancient Philosophy 38 (1):205-211.
- The Place of Modeling in Cognitive Science.James L. McClelland -2009 -Topics in Cognitive Science 1 (1):11-38.I consider the role of cognitive modeling in cognitive science. Modeling, and the computers that enable it, are central to the field, but the role of modeling is often misunderstood. Models are not intended to capture fully the processes they attempt to elucidate. Rather, they are explorations of ideas about the nature of cognitive processes. In these explorations, simplification is essential—through simplification, the implications of the central ideas become more transparent. This is not to say that simplification has no downsides; (...) it does, and these are discussed. I then consider several contemporary frameworks for cognitive modeling, stressing the idea that each framework is useful in its own particular ways. Increases in computer power (by a factor of about 4 million) since 1958 have enabled new modeling paradigms to emerge, but these also depend on new ways of thinking. Will new paradigms emerge again with the next 1,000‐fold increase? (shrink)
- The Two Kierkegaards.James L. Marsh -1972 -Philosophy Today 16 (4):313-322.
- Interactive Activation and Mutual Constraint Satisfaction in Perception and Cognition.James L. McClelland,Daniel Mirman,Donald J. Bolger &Pranav Khaitan -2014 -Cognitive Science 38 (6):1139-1189.In a seminal 1977 article, Rumelhart argued that perception required the simultaneous use of multiple sources of information, allowing perceivers to optimally interpret sensory information at many levels of representation in real time as information arrives. Building on Rumelhart's arguments, we present the Interactive Activation hypothesis—the idea that the mechanism used in perception and comprehension to achieve these feats exploits an interactive activation process implemented through the bidirectional propagation of activation among simple processing units. We then examine the interactive activation (...) model of letter and word perception and the TRACE model of speech perception, as early attempts to explore this hypothesis, and review the experimental evidence relevant to their assumptions and predictions. We consider how well these models address the computational challenge posed by the problem of perception, and we consider how consistent they are with evidence from behavioral experiments. We examine empirical and theoretical controversies surrounding the idea of interactive processing, including a controversy that swirls around the relationship between interactive computation and optimal Bayesian inference. Some of the implementation details of early versions of interactive activation models caused deviation from optimality and from aspects of human performance data. More recent versions of these models, however, overcome these deficiencies. Among these is a model called the multinomial interactive activation model, which explicitly links interactive activation and Bayesian computations. We also review evidence from neurophysiological and neuroimaging studies supporting the view that interactive processing is a characteristic of the perceptual processing machinery in the brain. In sum, we argue that a computational analysis, as well as behavioral and neuroscience evidence, all support the Interactive Activation hypothesis. The evidence suggests that contemporary versions of models based on the idea of interactive activation continue to provide a basis for efforts to achieve a fuller understanding of the process of perception. (shrink)
- Externalist epistemologies, reliability, and the context relativity of knowledge.James L. White -1989 -Southern Journal of Philosophy 27 (3):459-472.
- Ecclesiastes: A Commentary.James L. Crenshaw -1987No categories
- Recalling recent exemplars of a category.James L. Fozard,Judith R. Myers &Nancy C. Waugh -1971 -Journal of Experimental Psychology 90 (2):262.No categories
- The Name and the Vow: Reflections on the Name of God in Light of Buddhist Teachings.James L. Fredericks -2022 -Buddhist-Christian Studies 42 (1):315-328.Abstractabstract:The disclosure of the Name of God in Exodus 3 as YHWH has had a long history of effects in Christian tradition. The Name (YHWH) is based on ancient Hebraic notions of Being and figures prominently in the development of Christian ontotheology. Exodus 3 also figures prominently in current debates about ontotheology. This essay seeks to contribute to the discussion of ontotheology by interpreting Exodus 3 and the theology of the Name of God in light of Pure Land Buddhist teachings (...) and practices regarding the Name of the Buddha understood as the nembutsu. The nembutsu, as developed in the teachings of Shinran and Tan Luan, will be placed in comparison with various readings of Exodus 3, including Talmudic and modern Jewish readings of this text. The work of comparison leads to affirmations of both similarity and differences, most notably Christian faith, understood as obedience to divine command, and shinjin, understood as the mind of Amida Buddha arising in the practitioner of the nembutsu. (shrink)No categories
- Moving more closely to acid-base relationships in the body as a whole.James L. Gamble -1995 -Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 39 (4):593-600.
- (1 other version)Free-phantasy, language, and sociology: A criticism of the Methodist theory of essence.James L. Heap -1979 -Human Studies 4 (1):299-311.
- Giambattista Vico: An International Symposium.James L. Henderson -1970 -British Journal of Educational Studies 18 (2):224.
- Some sources for the study of German education.James L. Henderson -1960 -British Journal of Educational Studies 9 (1):48-56.
- Computational approaches to color constancy: Adaptive and ontogenetic considerations.James L. Dannemiller -1989 -Psychological Review 96 (2):255-266.
- Distributed memory and the representation of general and specific information.James L. McClelland &David E. Rumelhart -1985 -Journal of Experimental Psychology 114 (2):159-188.
- The sufficiency of hope: the conceptual foundations of religion.James L. Muyskens -1979 - Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
- Oxford Studies in Metaethics 17.James L. D. Brown (ed.) -2022Export citation
Bookmark - Reflections on the Champaign Case.James L. Burke -1948 -Thought: Fordham University Quarterly 23 (2):202-204.
- Familiarity breeds differentiation: A subjective-likelihood approach to the effects of experience in recognition memory.James L. McClelland &Mark Chappell -1998 -Psychological Review 105 (4):724-760.
- Vital Forces: Regulative Principles or Constitutive Agents? A Strategy in German Physiology, 1786-1802.James L. Larson -1979 -Isis 70:235-249.
- On Noncongruence between the Concept and Determination of Death.James L. Bernat -2013 -Hastings Center Report 43 (6):25-33.A combination of emerging life support technologies and entrenched organ donation practices are complicating the physician's task of determining death. On the one hand, technologies that support or replace ventilation and circulation may render the diagnosis of death ambiguous. On the other, transplantation of vital organs requires timely and accurate declaration of death of the donor to keep the organs as healthy as possible. These two factors have led to disagreements among physicians and scholars on the precise moment of death. (...) In this article, I suggest that the debate about exactly when a person dies can benefit from distinguishing the strict biological concept of death from the medical standards for determining human death, and I show how an appreciation of the difference between the permanent and irreversible cessation of circulation is helpful in understanding the reasons for the two approaches to determining when death should be declared. (shrink)
- Expressivism and Cognitive Propositions.James L. D. Brown -2019 -Journal of the American Philosophical Association 5 (3):371-387.Expressivists about normative thought and discourse traditionally deny that there are nondeflationary normative propositions. However, it has recently been suggested that expressivists might avoid a number of problems by providing a theory of normative propositions compatible with expressivism. This paper explores the prospects for developing an expressivist theory of propositions within the framework of cognitive act theories of propositions. First, I argue that the only extant expressivist theory of cognitive propositions—Michael Ridge's ‘ecumenical expressivist’ theory—fails to explain identity conditions for normative (...) propositions. Second, I argue that this failure motivates a general constraint—the ‘unity requirement’—that any expressivist theory of propositions must provide a unified nonrepresentational explanation of that in virtue of which propositional attitudes have the content that they have. Third, I argue that conceptual role accounts of content provide a promising framework in which to develop an expressivist theory of cognitive propositions. (shrink)
- Whither Brain Death?James L. Bernat -2014 -American Journal of Bioethics 14 (8):3-8.The publicity surrounding the recent McMath and Muñoz cases has rekindled public interest in brain death: the familiar term for human death determination by showing the irreversible cessation of clinical brain functions. The concept of brain death was developed decades ago to permit withdrawal of therapy in hopeless cases and to permit organ donation. It has become widely established medical practice, and laws permit it in all U.S. jurisdictions. Brain death has a biophilosophical justification as a standard for determining human (...) death but remains poorly understood by the public and by health professionals. The current controversies over brain death are largely restricted to the academy, but some practitioners express ambivalence over whether brain death is equivalent to human death. Brain death remains an accepted and sound concept, but more work is necessary to establish its biophilosophical justification and to educate health professionals and the public. (shrink)
- Aesthetic Types? A Dialogue.James L. Jarrett -1976 -The Journal of Aesthetic Education 10 (3/4):183.
- Contemporary Philosophy a Book of Readings.James L. Jarrett &Sterling M. Mcmurrin -1954 - Holt, Rinehart and Winston.Export citation Bookmark
- Book reviews-interpreting nature: The science of the living form from linnaeus to Kant.James L. Larson &Keith R. Benson -1999 -History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences 21 (2):233-233.Export citation Bookmark
- Absolute judgments of recency for pictures and nouns after various numbers of intervening items.James L. Fozard &Jane R. Weinert -1972 -Journal of Experimental Psychology 95 (2):472.
- Effects of word order and imagery on learning verbs and adverbs as paired associates.James L. Pate,Patricia Ward &Katherine B. Harlan -1974 -Journal of Experimental Psychology 103 (4):792.
- Emergence in Cognitive Science.James L. McClelland -2010 -Topics in Cognitive Science 2 (4):751-770.The study of human intelligence was once dominated by symbolic approaches, but over the last 30 years an alternative approach has arisen. Symbols and processes that operate on them are often seen today as approximate characterizations of the emergent consequences of sub- or nonsymbolic processes, and a wide range of constructs in cognitive science can be understood as emergents. These include representational constructs (units, structures, rules), architectural constructs (central executive, declarative memory), and developmental processes and outcomes (stages, sensitive periods, neurocognitive (...) modules, developmental disorders). The greatest achievements of human cognition may be largely emergent phenomena. It remains a challenge for the future to learn more about how these greatest achievements arise and to emulate them in artificial systems. (shrink)
- Producing A Technologically Literate Citizen: A Curriculum Model.James L. Barnes -1988 -Bulletin of Science, Technology and Society 8 (5):483-489.No categories
- Some unanticipated consequences of the Sinai revelation : a religion of laws.James L. Kugel -2008 - In George John Brooke, Hindy Najman & Loren T. Stuckenbruck,The significance of Sinai: traditions about Sinai and divine revelation in Judaism and Christianity. Boston: Brill.Export citation Bookmark
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David Bourget (Western Ontario)
David Chalmers (ANU, NYU)
Area Editors:
David Bourget
Gwen Bradford
Berit Brogaard
Margaret Cameron
David Chalmers
James Chase
Rafael De Clercq
Ezio Di Nucci
Esa Diaz-Leon
Barry Hallen
Hans Halvorson
Jonathan Ichikawa
Monte Johnson
Michelle Kosch
Øystein Linnebo
Paul Livingston
Brandon Look
Manolo Martínez
Matthew McGrath
Michiru Nagatsu
Susana Nuccetelli
Giuseppe Primiero
Jack Alan Reynolds
Darrell P. Rowbottom
Aleksandra Samonek
Constantine Sandis
Howard Sankey
Jonathan Schaffer
Thomas Senor
Daniel Star
Jussi Suikkanen
Aness Kim Webster
Other editors
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