Results for 'James D. Windes'
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- Reaction time for numerical coding and naming of numerals.James D.Windes -1968 -Journal of Experimental Psychology 78 (2p1):318.
- Dual Process Theories in Behavioral Economics and Neuroeconomics: a Critical Review.James D. Grayot -2020 -Review of Philosophy and Psychology 11 (1):105-136.Despite their popularity, dual process accounts of human reasoning and decision-making have come under intense scrutiny in recent years. Cognitive scientists and philosophers alike have come to question the theoretical foundations of the ‘standard view’ of dual process theory and have challenged the validity and relevance of evidence in support of it. Moreover, attempts to modify and refine dual process theory in light of these challenges have generated additional concerns about its applicability and refutability as a scientific theory. With these (...) concerns in mind, this paper provides a critical review of dual process theory in economics, focusing on its role as a psychological framework for decision modeling in behavioral economics and neuroeconomics. I argue that the influx of criticisms against dual process theory challenge the descriptive accuracy of dualistic decision models in economics. In fact, the case can be made that the popularity of dual process theory in economics has less to do with the empirical success of dualistic decision models, and more to do with the convenience that the dual process narrative provides economists looking to explain-away decision anomalies. This leaves behavioral economists and neuroeconomists with something of a dilemma: either they stick to their purported ambitions to give a realistic description of human decision-making and give up the narrative, or they revise and restate their scientific ambitions. (shrink)No categories
- G. E. M. Anscombe An introduction to Wittgenstein's Tractatus. London: Hutchinson University Library, 1959. 179 pp. 10s 6d.James D. Carney -1960 -Philosophy of Science 27 (4):408-408.
- Mind, matter, and nature: a Thomistic proposal for the philosophy of mind.James D. Madden -2013 - Washington, D.C.: Catholic University of America Press.Written for students, Mind, Matter, and Nature presumes no prior philosophical training on the part of the reader. The book nevertheless holds the arguments discussed to rigorous standards and is conversant with recent literature, thus making it useful as well to more advanced students and professionals interested in a resource on Thomistic hylomorphism in the philosophy of mind.
- Comparison Between Kanerva's SDM and Hopfield‐type Neural Networks.James D. Keeler -1988 -Cognitive Science 12 (3):299-329.The Sparse, Distributed Memory (SDM) model (Kanerva, 1984) is compared to Hopfield-type, neural-network models. A mathematical framework for comparing the two models is developed, and the capacity of each model is investigated. The capacity of the SDM can be increased independent of the dimension of the stored vectors, whereas the Hopfield capacity is limited to a fraction of this dimension. The stored information is proportional to the number of connections, and it is shown that this proportionality constant is the same (...) for the SDM, the Hopfield model, and higher-order models. The models are also compared in their ability to store and recall temporal sequences of patterns. The SDM also includes time delays so that contextual information can be used to recover sequences. A generalization of the SDM allows storage of correlated patterns. (shrink)
- Deaths in Paradise.James D. Long -2010 - In Elie Wiesel & Thomas L. Friedman,An Ethical Compass: Coming of Age in the 21st Century : the Ethics Prize of the Elie Wiesel Foundation for Humanity. Yale University Press. pp. 14-21.No categories
- Asking Philosophical Questions About Education: Foucault on Punishment.James D. Marshall -1990 -Educational Philosophy and Theory 22 (2):81-92.
- Virtues and Vices.James D. Wallace -1978 -Philosophy 54 (210):568-569.No categories
- The Politics of Claude Lefort's Political: Between Liberalism and Radical Democracy.James D. Ingram -2006 -Thesis Eleven 87 (1):33-50.Claude Lefort's rethinking of ‘the political’ has been highly fruitful for political theory, yet its politics remain unclear. It has inspired transformative, radical-democratic projects, but has also served as a basis for more liberal conceptions. This article explores the sources and implications of this ambiguity by setting Lefort's work against the backdrop of the anti-totalitarian moment in French political thought and the trajectories of two of his students, Miguel Abensour and Marcel Gauchet. It emerges that although Lefort's democratic theory cannot (...) be reduced to a defensive liberalism, neither is it as expansive as some might hope. (shrink)
- Higgs naturalness and the scalar boson proliferation instability problem.James D. Wells -2017 -Synthese 194 (2):477-490.Sensitivity to the square of the cutoff scale of quantum corrections of the Higgs boson mass self-energy has led many authors to conclude that the Higgs theory suffers from a naturalness or fine-tuning problem. However, speculative new physics ideas to solve this problem have not manifested themselves yet at high-energy colliders, such as the Large Hadron Collider at CERN. For this reason, the role of naturalness as a guide to theory model-building is being severely questioned. Most attacks suggest that one (...) should not resort to arguments involving gravity, which is a much less understood quantum field theory. Another line of attack is against the assumption that there exists a multitude of additional heavy states specifically charged under the Standard Model gauge symmetries. Nevertheless, if we give ground on both of these assaults on naturalness, what remains is a naturalness concern over the prospect of numerous additional spin-zero scalar states in nature. The proliferation of heavy scalars generically destabilizes the Higgs boson mass, raising it to the highest and most remote scalar mass values in nature, thus straining the legitimacy of the Standard Model. The copious use of extra scalars in theory model building, from explaining flavor physics to providing an inflationary potential and more, and the generic expectation of extra scalar bosons in nature argues for the proliferation instability problem being the central concern for naturalness of the Standard Model. Some approaches to solving this problem are presented. (shrink)
- The Real Problem with Perturbative Quantum Field Theory.James D. Fraser -2020 -British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 71 (2):391-413.The perturbative approach to quantum field theory has long been viewed with suspicion by philosophers of science. This article offers a diagnosis of its conceptual problems. Drawing on Norton’s discussion of the notion of approximation I argue that perturbative QFT ought to be understood as producing approximations without specifying an underlying QFT model. This analysis leads to a reassessment of common worries about perturbative QFT. What ends up being the key issue with the approach on this picture is not mathematical (...) rigour, or the threat of inconsistency, but the need for a physical explanation of its empirical success. 1Three Worries about Perturbative Quantum Field Theory2The Perturbative Formalism 2.1Expanding the S-matrix2.2Perturbative renormalization3Approximations and Models4Perturbative Quantum Field Theory Produces Approximations5The Real Problem. (shrink)
- Sache der Akzeptanz oder des Glaubens?James D. Williams -2010 - In Dittmar Graf,Evolutionstheorie-Akzeptanz und Vermittlung im europäischen Vergleich. Berlin: Springer. pp. 99.No categories
- Newman’s Judgement of Value in Liberal Education.James D. Bastable -1986 -Philosophical Studies (Dublin) 31:113-132.
- The Fathers of the Latin Church.James D. Bastable -1965 -Philosophical Studies (Dublin) 14:216-218.
- The Oxford Movement.James D. Bastable -1965 -Philosophical Studies (Dublin) 14:219-222.No categories
- Ethical norms, particular cases.James D. Wallace -1996 - Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press.James D. Wallace treats moral considerations as beliefs about the right and wrong ways of doing things - beliefs whose source and authority are the same as any ...
- Bhaṭṭanāyaka and the Vedānta Influence on Sanskrit Literary Theory.James D. Reich -2022 -Journal of the American Oriental Society 138 (3):533.In the history of Sanskrit literary theory Bhaṭṭanāyaka occupies an influential yet mysterious position. Abhinavagupta clearly owes a great debt to him, but since Bhaṭṭanāyaka’s works themselves have been lost, it has proven difficult to understand exactly what that debt is. The common understanding is that Bhaṭṭanāyaka was a Mīmāṃsaka and that he applied the principles of Vedic hermeneutics to literature. But this actually doesn’t fit well with much of what Abhinavagupta tells us about Bhaṭṭanāyaka, and upon closer inspection it (...) becomes clear that in fact Abhinavagupta presents him as someone who was thoroughly interested in ideas drawn from non-dual Vedānta. This article reexamines the depictions of Bhaṭṭanāyaka in Abhinavagupta’s works and shows that while the evidence for a Mīmāṃsā connection is quite thin, the evidence for a similar connection to Vedānta is quite strong. Taking this connection seriously helps us develop a much clearer picture of Bhaṭṭanāyaka’s ideas, and it also helps us understand various details of Abhinavagupta’s response to Bhaṭṭanāyaka that would otherwise remain obscure. (shrink)No categories
- Interpretative Semantics Meets Frankenstein.James D. McCawley -1971 -Foundations of Language 7 (2):285-296.No categories
- Everything Linguists Have Always Wanted to Know About Logic ---But Were Ashamed to Ask.James D. McCawley -1993 - University of Chicago Press.McCawley supplements his earlier book—which covers such topics as presuppositional logic, the logic of mass terms and nonstandard quantifiers, and fuzzy ...
- The land ethic: A critical appraisal.James D. Heffernan -1982 -Environmental Ethics 4 (3):235-247.Aldo Leopold’s “Land Ethic” centers on the maxim: “A thing is right when it tends to preserve the integrity, stability, and beauty of the biotic community. It is wrong when it tends otherwise.” I contribute to the critical appraisal of this maxim by providing answers to the following questions: (1) what is referred to by the phrase “the integrity, stability, and beauty of the biotic community”? (2) What “things” tend to preserve or threaten the integrity, stability, and beauty ofthe biotic (...) community? (3) Are the integrity, stability, and beauty ofthe biotic community goods such that preserving them is right and failing to do so wrong? (shrink)
- The Oxford Companion to American Literature.James D. Hart -1942 -Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism 2 (5):55-55.
- Some doubts about Turing machine arguments.James D. Heffernan -1978 -Philosophy of Science 45 (December):638-647.In his article “On Mechanical Recognition” R. J. Nelson brings to bear a branch of mathematical logic called automata theory on problems of artificial intelligence. Specifically he attacks the anti-mechanist claim that “[i]nasmuch as human recognition to a very great extent relies on context and on the ability to grasp wholes with some independence of the quality of the parts, even to fill in the missing parts on the basis of expectations, it follows that computers cannot in principle be programmed (...) to recognize or learn to recognize all patterns”, p. 24). Nelson proposes, contrary to this claim, that “gestalt recognition is not beyond digital automata”. in particular, he claims, he will establish by what he calls “Turing machine arguments” that the following four theses are true: automata can recognize different pattern types in one and the same set of instances;automata can recognize the “same” pattern in different sets of instances;automata can recognize incomplete, degraded patterns having missing or indeterminate parts;automata can recognize family resemblances. (shrink)
- Toward a realist view of quantum field theory.James D. Fraser -2020 - In Juha Saatsi & Steven French,Scientific Realism and the Quantum. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Everything That Linguists Have Always Wanted to Know about Logic.James D. McCawley -1999 -Studia Logica 63 (1):121-123.
- 11 A moral earth.James D. Proctor -1999 - In James D. Proctor & David Marshall Smith,Geography and ethics: journeys in a moral terrain. New York: Routledge. pp. 149.
- A differential semantics for jointree algorithms.James D. Park &Adnan Darwiche -2004 -Artificial Intelligence 156 (2):197-216.
- Glock, Hans-Johann (2015). Meaning and rule following. In: Wright,James D. International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences (Second Edition). Amsterdam: Elsevier, 841-849.Hans-Johann Glock &James D. Wright (eds.) -2015Export citation
Bookmark - Execute criminals, not rules of grammer.James D. McCawley -1983 -Behavioral and Brain Sciences 6 (3):410.
- Medalist's Address: Christian Philosophers and the Modern Turn.James D. Collins -1965 -Proceedings and Addresses of the American Philosophical Association 39:14.No categoriesExport citation Bookmark
- Pathologies of Reason: On the Legacy of Critical Theory.James D. Ingram (ed.) -2009 - Cambridge University Press.Axel Honneth has been instrumental in advancing the work of the Frankfurt School of critical theorists, rebuilding their effort to combine radical social and political analysis with rigorous philosophical inquiry. These eleven essays published over the past five years reclaim the relevant themes of the Frankfurt School, which counted Theodor W. Adorno, Max Horkheimer, Walter Benjamin, Jürgen Habermas, Franz Neumann, and Albrecht Wellmer as members. They also engage with Kant, Freud, Alexander Mitscherlich, and Michael Walzer, whose work on morality, history, (...) democracy, and individuality intersects with the Frankfurt School's core concerns. Collected here for the first time in English, Honneth's essays pursue the unifying themes and theses that support the methodologies and thematics of critical social theory, and they address the possibilities of continuing this tradition through radically changed theoretical and social conditions. According to Honneth, there is a unity that underlies critical theory's multiple approaches: the way in which reason is both distorted and furthered in contemporary capitalist society. And while much is dead in the social and psychological doctrines of critical social theory, its central inquiries remain vitally relevant. Is social progress still possible after the horrors of the twentieth century? Does capitalism deform reason and, if so, in what respects? Can we justify the relationship between law and violence in secular terms, or is it inextricably bound to divine justice? How can we be free when we're subject to socialization in a highly complex and in many respects unfree society? For Honneth, suffering and moral struggle are departure points for a new "reconstructive" form of social criticism, one that is based solidly in the empirically grounded, interdisciplinary approach of the Frankfurt School. (shrink)
- Introduction to the Philosophy of Saint Augustine: Selected Readings and Commentaries.James D. Bastable -1965 -Philosophical Studies (Dublin) 14:213-214.
- Suffering Witness: The Quandary of Responsibility after the Irreparable.James D. Hatley -2012 - SUNY Press.Drawing on the philosophy of Emmanuel Levinas,James Hatley uses the prose of Primo Levi and Tadeusz Borowski, as well as the poetry of Paul Celan, to question why witnessing the Shoah is so pressing a responsibility for anyone living in its aftermath. He argues that the witnessing of irreparable loss leaves one in an irresoluble quandary but that the attentiveness of that witness resists the destructive legacy of annihilation. "In this new and sensitive synthesis of scrupulous thinking about (...) the Holocaust (beginning with scruples about the term Holocaust itself),James Hatley approaches all the major questions surrounding our overwhelming inadequacy in the aftermath of the irreparable. If there is anything unique (in a non-trivial sense) about the Holocaust, surely it is the imperious moral urgency that compels those who contemplate it to revise their view of what it means to be human, and to bear witness to such an event. (shrink)No categories
- The Germination of Belief within Probability according to Newman.James D. Bastable -1961 -Philosophical Studies (Dublin) 11:81-111.No categories
- Thomism and Modern European Philosophy.James D. Bastable -1951 -Philosophical Studies (Dublin) 1:3-16.
- The Will to Believe.James D. Bastable -1980 -Philosophical Studies (Dublin) 27:313-318.No categories
- The twin origins of renormalization group concepts.James D. Fraser -2021 -Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A 89 (C):114-128.
- Participant roles, frames, and speech acts.James D. Mccawley -1999 -Linguistics and Philosophy 22 (6):595-619.
- Naturalness, Extra-Empirical Theory Assessments, and the Implications of Skepticism.James D. Wells -2019 -Foundations of Physics 49 (9):991-1010.Naturalness is an extra-empirical quality that aims to assess plausibility of a theory. Finetuning measures are often deputized to quantify the task. However, knowing statistical distributions on parameters appears necessary. Such meta-theories are not known yet. A critical discussion of these issues is presented, including their possible resolutions in fixed points. Both agreement to and skepticism of naturalness’s utility remains credible, as is skepticism to any extra-empirical theory assessment that claims to identify “more correct” theories that are equally empirically adequate. (...) The severe implications of SEETA are set forward in some detail. We conclude with a summary and discussion of the viability of three main viewpoints toward naturalness and finetuning, where the “moderate naturalness position” is suggested to be most appealing, not suffering from the disquietudes of the extreme pro- and anti-naturalness positions. (shrink)No categories
- The Cultural Subversion of the Biblical Faith.James D. Smart -1977No categoriesExport citation Bookmark
- The Undivided City.James D. Wolfensohn -2006 - In Richard Scholar,Divided Cities: The Oxford Amnesty Lectures 2003. Oxford University Press.No categoriesExport citation Bookmark
- An AGI Modifying Its Utility Function in Violation of the Strong Orthogonality Thesis.James D. Miller,Roman Yampolskiy &Olle Häggström -2020 -Philosophies 5 (4):40.An artificial general intelligence (AGI) might have an instrumental drive to modify its utility function to improve its ability to cooperate, bargain, promise, threaten, and resist and engage in blackmail. Such an AGI would necessarily have a utility function that was at least partially observable and that was influenced by how other agents chose to interact with it. This instrumental drive would conflict with the strong orthogonality thesis since the modifications would be influenced by the AGI’s intelligence. AGIs in highly (...) competitive environments might converge to having nearly the same utility function, one optimized to favorably influencing other agents through game theory. Nothing in our analysis weakens arguments concerning the risks of AGI. (shrink)No categories
- Nine-vectors, complex octonion/quaternion hypercomplex numbers, lie groups, and the 'real' world.James D. Edmonds -1978 -Foundations of Physics 8 (3-4):303-311.A “mental” multiplication scheme is given for the super hypercomplex numbers, which extend the 16-element Dirac algebra to 32 elements by appending the complex octonions. This extends the 5-vectors of relativity to 9-vectors. The problems with nonassociativity, for the group structures and wave equation covariance, are explored.
- Karl Marx and the intellectual origins of dialectical materialism.James D. White -1996 - New York: St. Martin's Press.The Book Provides A Genealogy Of `Dialectical Materialism` By Tracing The Development Of Marxist Ideas From Their Origins In German Philosophical Thought To The Ideology Of The Socio-Democratic Groups In Russia In The 1890S, From Which Lenin And The Revolutionary Generation Emerged. It Reconstructs Marx`S Original Conceptions And Examines The Modifications That Were Made To Them By Himself And By His Russian Followers, Which Eventually Gave Rise To The Doctrine Of `Dialectical Materialism`, Expounded By Plekhanov. Condition Good.
- Lyotard: Towards a Postmodern Philosophy.James D. Williams -1998 - Malden, MA: Polity.Jean-Francois Lyotard was one of the most influential European thinkers in recent decades. He was a leading participant in debates about post-modernism and the decline of Marxism, and he made important contributions to ethics, aesthetics and political philosophy. In this authoritative introduction, Williams tracks the development of Lyotard's thought from his early writings on the libidinal economy to his more recent work on the post-modern condition. Williams argues that despite the wide-ranging character of Lyotard's writings, they are animated by a (...) long-standing concern to develop a new theory of political action. Lyotard's productive use of avant-garde art and the aesthetics of the sublime are interpreted within this context. In the final chapters some of the main criticisms that have been levelled at Lyotard's work are outlined and assessed. A challenging but also accessible book, it will be welcomed by students and researchers in continental philosophy, literary theory and the humanities generally. (shrink)
- Butcher Ding : A meditation in flow.James D. Sellmann -2019 - In Karyn Lai & Wai Wai Chiu, Skill and Mastery Philosophical Stories from the Zhuangzi. London: Rowman and Littlefield International.In this paper, I argue that the performance stories in the Zhuangzi, and the Butcher Ding story, emphasize an activity meditation practice that places the performer in a mindfulness flow zone, leading to graceful, efficacious, selfless, spontaneous, and free action. These stories are metaphors showing the reader how to attain a meditative state of focused awareness while acting freely in a flow experience. From my perspective, these metaphors are not about developing practical or technical skills per se. My argument challenges (...) a strict instrumental reading. Although instrumental reasoning can easily lead one to focus on the pragmatic outcomes depicted in these stories (See Eno, “Cook Ding’s Dao;” Callahan, “Cook Ding’s Life;” and Robins, “Beyond Skill”), the proposed pragmatic outcomes are merely a kind of collateral result of effortless, free actions, in the flow experience. The metaphors of Butcher Ding, the Lüliang rapids swimmer, the Wheelwright Bian, the Woodcarver Qing, the cicada catcher, the naked artist and so on are used to show the reader a way to engage in free and graceful action in the flow experience. Zhuangzi is not concerned about developing labour skills. He criticizes such skills; seen below when the Butcher claims to have “… left skill behind …” (進乎技矣) (Graham, Chuang-tzu, 63), and chapter five notes that “… skill is a peddler” (工為商) (Watson, Complete, 75). (shrink)
- The Theology of Paul the Apostle.James D. G. Dunn -unknownNo categories
- Homologous tails? Or tales of homology?James D. McGhee -2000 -Bioessays 22 (9):781-785.Classical mutations at the mouse Brachyury (T) locus were discovered because they lead to shortened tails in heterozygous newborns. no tail (ntl) mutants in the zebrafish, as their name suggests, show a similar phenotype. In Drosophila, mutants in the brachyenteron (byn) gene disrupt hindgut formation. These genes all encode T-box proteins, a class of sequence-specific DNA binding proteins and transcription factors. Mutations in the C. elegans mab-9 gene cause massive defects in the male tail because of failed fate decisions in (...) two tail progenitor cells. In a recent paper, Woollard and Hodgkin1 have cloned the mab-9 gene and found that it too encodes a T-box protein, similar to Brachyury in vertebrates and brachyenteron in Drosophila. The authors suggest that their results support models for an evolutionarily ancient role for these genes in hindgut formation. We will discuss this proposal and try to decide whether the gene sequences, gene interactions and gene expression patterns allow any conclusions to be made about the rear end of the ancestral metazoan. BioEssays 22:781–785, 2000. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. (shrink)
- Reflections on After Virtue after Auschwitz.James D. Chansky -1993 -Philosophy Today 37 (3):247-256.No categories
- Preface.James D. Marshall &Paul Smeyers -1995 -Studies in Philosophy and Education 14 (2-3):125-125.
- Spontaneous Symmertry Breaking in Finite Systems.James D. Fraser -2016 -Philosophy of Science 83 (4):585-605.The orthodox characterization of spontaneous symmetry breaking in statistical mechanics appeals to novel properties of systems with infinite degrees of freedom, namely, the existence of multiple equilibrium states. This raises the same puzzles about the status of the thermodynamic limit fueling recent debates about phase transitions. I argue that there are prospects of explaining the success of the standard approach to SSB in terms of the properties of large finite systems. Consequently, despite initial appearances, the need to account for SSB (...) phenomena does not offer decisive support to claims about the explanatory and representational indispensability of the thermodynamic limit. (shrink)
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David Bourget (Western Ontario)
David Chalmers (ANU, NYU)
Area Editors:
David Bourget
Gwen Bradford
Berit Brogaard
Margaret Cameron
David Chalmers
James Chase
Rafael De Clercq
Ezio Di Nucci
Esa Diaz-Leon
Barry Hallen
Hans Halvorson
Jonathan Ichikawa
Monte Johnson
Michelle Kosch
Øystein Linnebo
Paul Livingston
Brandon Look
Manolo Martínez
Matthew McGrath
Michiru Nagatsu
Susana Nuccetelli
Giuseppe Primiero
Jack Alan Reynolds
Darrell P. Rowbottom
Aleksandra Samonek
Constantine Sandis
Howard Sankey
Jonathan Schaffer
Thomas Senor
Daniel Star
Jussi Suikkanen
Aness Kim Webster
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