Common genetic variants in the CLDN2 and PRSS1-PRSS2 loci alter risk for alcohol-related and sporadic pancreatitis.David C. Whitcomb,Jessica LaRusch,Alyssa M. Krasinskas,Lambertus Klei,Jill P. Smith,Randall E. Brand,John P. Neoptolemos,Markus M. Lerch,Matt Tector,Bimaljit S. Sandhu,Nalini M. Guda,Lidiya Orlichenko,Samer Alkaade,Stephen T. Amann,Michelle A. Anderson,John Baillie,Peter A. Banks,Darwin Conwell,Gregory A. Coté,Peter B. Cotton,JamesDiSario,Lindsay A. Farrer,Chris E. Forsmark,Marianne Johnstone,Timothy B. Gardner,Andres Gelrud,William Greenhalf,Jonathan L. Haines,Douglas J. Hartman,Robert A. Hawes,Christopher Lawrence,Michele Lewis,Julia Mayerle,Richard Mayeux,Nadine M. Melhem,Mary E. Money,Thiruvengadam Muniraj,Georgios I. Papachristou,Margaret A. Pericak-Vance,Joseph Romagnuolo,Gerard D. Schellenberg,Stuart Sherman,Peter Simon,Vijay P. Singh,Adam Slivka,Donna Stolz,Robert Sutton,Frank Ulrich Weiss,C. Mel Wilcox,Narcis Octavian Zarnescu,Stephen R. Wisniewski,Michael R. O'Connell,Michelle L. Kienholz,Kathryn Roeder &M. Micha Barmada -unknowndetailsPancreatitis is a complex, progressively destructive inflammatory disorder. Alcohol was long thought to be the primary causative agent, but genetic contributions have been of interest since the discovery that rare PRSS1, CFTR and SPINK1 variants were associated with pancreatitis risk. We now report two associations at genome-wide significance identified and replicated at PRSS1-PRSS2 and X-linked CLDN2 through a two-stage genome-wide study. The PRSS1 variant likely affects disease susceptibility by altering expression of the primary trypsinogen gene. The CLDN2 risk allele is (...) associated with atypical localization of claudin-2 in pancreatic acinar cells. The homozygous CLDN2 genotype confers the greatest risk, and its alleles interact with alcohol consumption to amplify risk. These results could partially explain the high frequency of alcohol-related pancreatitis in men. © 2012 Nature America, Inc. All rights reserved. (shrink)
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Give the null hypothesis a chance: Reasons to remain doubtful about the existence of psi.James Alcock -2003 -Journal of Consciousness Studies 10 (6-7):6-7.detailsIs there a world beyond the senses? Can we perceive future events before they occur? Is it possible to communicate with others without need of our complex sensory-perceptual apparatus that has evolved over hundreds of millions of years? Can our minds/souls/personalities leave our bodies and operate with all the knowledge and information-processing ability that is normally dependent upon the physical brain? Do our personalities survive physical death?
Laws, Causes, and Invariance.James Woodward -2013 - In Stephen Mumford & Matthew Tugby,Metaphysics and Science. Oxford: Oxford University Press.detailsThis chapter explores some issues having to do with the structure of the evidential reasoning we use to infer causal and lawful claims. It is argued that such reasoning always makes use of prior, causally, or nomologically committed information, thus undercutting various views that attempt to reduce causal and lawful claims to claims about regularities. A non-reductive account of laws and causes built around the notion of invariance is advanced as an alternative.
The Agonic Freedom of Citizens.James Tully -1999 -Economy and Society 28 (2):161-182.detailsThe ways citizen participation and democracy are changing are poorly understood due to the dominance of theories inherited from the eighteenth century. Democratic citizenship can be better understood if critical reflection is re-oriented around the games of concrete freedom here and now as recommended by Hannah Arendt, Ludwig Wittgenstein, Michel Foucault and Quentin Skinner.This orientation brings to light two distinctive types of citizen freedom in the present: diverse forms of citizen participation and diverse practices of governance in which citizens participate.
Christian Morality.James Nelson &Julia Macneice -1998detailsIn this text, the authors confront the many issues which can confuse, frighten or ensnare young people as they struggle to make their own decisions in a world where the hard edges of moral choice have become increasingly blurred. Issues such as drug abuse and abortion are explored in their secular context, while also being placed under the microscope of both Biblical and church teaching. The positions of the Roman Catholic, Church of Ireland, Prebyterian and Methodist churches are examined through (...) their own statements and publications. (shrink)
Darwin, Species, and Morality.James Rachels -1987 -The Monist 70 (1):98-113.details“Man in his arrogance thinks himself a great work worthy the interposition of a deity. More humble and I think truer to consider him created from animals.” Thus wrote Darwin in his notebooks for 1838, twenty-one years before he was to publish The Origin of Species. He would go on, of course, to support this idea with overwhelming evidence, and it is commonly said that, in doing so, he brought about a profound change in our conception of ourselves. After Darwin, (...) we can no longer think of ourselves as occupying a special place in creation—instead, we must realize that we are products of the same evolutionary forces that shaped the rest of the animal kingdom. We are not a great work. We were created from animals. And this, it is said, has deep philosophical significance. (shrink)
A tale of two scepticisms or relying on what comes naturally or the problem with deriving an epistemology from literary theory.James Allan -2000 -Journal of Applied Philosophy 17 (2):181–194.detailsSome years ago — never mind how long precisely — three eminent thinkers, having little or no need for more money in their purses, and nothing particular to interest them in the law reviews and philosophy journals, set out to meet and discuss legal philosophy in a literary part of the world. It is a way these three have of driving off ennui and formulating the next publication. Whenever they find themselves growing stale about the pen; whenever it is adamp, (...) drizzly November in London; whenever they find themselves involuntarily churning out conference papers and bringing up the rear of every symposium on offer; and especially whenever they find their critics getting such an upper hand on them, that it requires a strong moral principle to prevent them from deliberately sitting down and methodically knocking off a paper excoriating every stranger they have met — then, they account it high time to gettogether as soon as they can. (shrink)
Why do people cooperate as much as they do?James Woodward -2009 - In Chrysostomos Mantzavinos,Philosophy of the social sciences: philosophical theory and scientific practice. New York: Cambridge University Press.detailsThis paper makes use of recent empirical results, mainly from experimental economics, to expore the conditions under which people will cooperate and to assess competing explantions of this cooperation. It is argued that the evidence supports the claim that people differ in type, with some being conditional cooperators and others being motivated by more or less sophisticated forms of self-interest. Stable cooperation requires, among other things, rules and institutions that protect conditional cooperators from myopically self-interested types. Additional empirical features of (...) the behavior of conditional cooperators also imply that rules and institutions are required to produce stable cooperation. (shrink)
Handbook of Roman Catholic moral terms.James T. Bretzke -2013 - Washington DC: Georgetown University Press.detailsThe Handbook of Roman Catholic Moral Terms contains more than 800 moral terms, offering concise definitions, historical context, and illustrations of how these terms are used in the Catholic tradition, including Church teaching and documents.James T. Bretzke, SJ, places Catholic tradition in a contemporary context in order to illuminate the continuities as well as discontinuities of Church teaching and key directions of Catholic thought. The author also provides extensive cross-referencing and bibliographic suggestions for further research. Designed to serve (...) as a vital reference work for libraries, students and scholars of theology, priests and pastoral ministers, as well as all adults interested in theological enrichment or continuing education, the Handbook of Roman Catholic Moral Terms is the most comprehensive post–Vatican II work of its kind available in English. (shrink)
Realism and the Anthropocentrics.James Robert Brown -1984 -PSA: Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the Philosophy of Science Association 1984:202-210.detailsThis paper examines the anthropocentric views of William Newton-Smith, Hilary Putnam, and Bas van Fraassen. It is argued in each case that the anthropocentric views in question are untenable and that the realist alternative is to be preferred.
Blackening Britain: Caribbean Radicalism from Windrush to Decolonization.James G. Cantres -2020 - Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.detailsBlackening Britain explores the key moments, figures, and patterns of radical black political development among Caribbean and African migrants in Britain after World War II. Ultimately, the move away from British identity and a radical, revolutionary consciousness rooted in the West Indian background was forged in the contentious space of Britain.
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Jeanette Bicknell, Why Music Moves Us Reviewed by.James O. Young -2009 -Philosophy in Review 29 (5):316-317.detailsReview of Why Music Moves Us by Jeanette Bicknell.
Two Kinds Of Pacifism: Opposition To The Political Use Of Force In The Renaissance- Reformation Period.James T. Johnson -1984 -Journal of Religious Ethics 12 (1):39-60.detailsTwo significantly different, if related, themes run through pacifist ideas in western history. One school of pacifism rejects violence as itself evil by whomever practiced and in whatever cause, but accepts the state as the agent of change to abolish violence. This point of view includes an expressed hope that a Utopian reconstitution of government will produce a totally peaceful world society. The other major theme expressed by pacifists in western culture accepts violence as inevitable in history and perhaps even (...) in some sense "ordained by God." The moral rejection of violence follows from an all-encompassing desire to separate from the society where violence is practiced and to live apart in a peaceful society ruled by the love of Christ. This paper explores these two themes in the western historical context via examination of the pacifism of Erasmus, exemplifying the first theme, and that of the Anabaptists of the Schleitheim Confession, representing the second theme. (shrink)
From Absolute Idealism to The Principles of Mathematics.James Levine -1998 -International Journal of Philosophical Studies 6 (1):87-127.detailsIn this review article of Volumes 2 and 3 of _The Collected Papers of Bertrand Russell, I distinguish and attempt to clarify three periods of Russell's early philosophical development: R 'subscript 1', his Hegelian period of 1894-1898; R 'subscript 2', his Moore-influenced period from the end of 1898 to his meeting Peano in August 1900; and R 'subscript 3', the period after he met Peano through the completion of _The Principles of Mathematics. I argue that the position Russell defends in (...) R 'subscript 2' is in conflict with the logicism he develops in R 'subscript 3' and that this conflict within Russell's postidealist philosophy is reflected in the _Principles. (shrink)
Some aspects of medical hermeneutics: The role of dialectic and narrative.James D. Lock -1990 -Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics 11 (1).detailsThis essay constructs an argument for a dialectic between the scientific and clinical aspects of medicine using the hermeneutical approach of Paul Ricoeur as a theoretical and philosophical guide. Additionally, the relationship between this dialectic and narrative case histories is examined as a way of expressing this abstract and theoretical concept in more concrete terms.