Alan Turing: ¿personaje del siglo XX?José M. Sánchez Ron -2013 -Arbor 189 (764):a085.detailsEn diciembre de 1999, la revista Time eligió a Albert Einstein “The Person of the Century”. Fue, no cabe duda, una elección razonable, pero, como se argumenta en este artículo, existen también buenos argumentos para sostener que Turing podría haber recibido tal honor. En apoyo de semejante tesis están sus trabajos puramente científicos, que se esbozan aquí, trabajos que entroncan con la mejor tradición matemática, y cómo afectaron al desarrollo matemático, siendo finalmente instrumentales en la configuración de un nuevo mundo (...) tecnológico, tanto en lo que al cálculo y manejo de información se refiere, como en lo relativo al establecimiento de nuevas formas de relaciones sociales. Relacionadas con lo anterior, se encuentran las aportaciones que hizo durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial al desciframiento de códigos secretos, que, en cierto sentido, metafórico, se pueden considerar como una nueva herramienta para socavar la privacidad, ese derecho civil cuya negación arruinó su propia vida. (shrink)
J. J. Thomson y la génesis del descubrimiento del electrón.José Manuel Sánchez Ron -1997 -Arbor 158 (622):137-171.detailsAl mismo tiempo que se introduce la figura de J. J. Thomson, y cómo llegó al descubrimiento del electrón, entendido éste como partícula elemental, se estudian las aportaciones de otros científicos (como, entre otros, Faraday, Maxwell, Crookes, Helmholtz o Stoney) a la identificación de una carga eléctrica básica. Finalmente, se aborda la cuestión de la recepción del trabajo de Thomson.
El proyecto de investigación para el estudio de la geometría dentro de la realidad arquitectónica. El trabajo por proyectos.A. Moratalla,J. M. Sánchez,V. Moratalla &M. A. Sanz -2011 -Arbor 187 (Extra_3):219-224.detailsEl Trabajo por Proyectos es una metodología muy apropiada para utilizarla en la enseñanza superior, por su carácter investigador. El aprendizaje es activo, involucra al alumno y trabaja otras capacidades cognitivas distintas a las que se desarrollan con la clase magistral. Con la implantación, este curso, del llamado Plan Bolonia, algunos profesores pertenecientes al Grupo de Innovación Educativa Didáctica de las Matemáticas de la UPM, nos planteamos introducir en la asignatura de primer curso del Grado de Arquitectura, denominada Geometría Euclídea, (...) Afín y Proyectiva algunos cambios dirigidos a este tipo de aprendizaje. (shrink)
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On the Owen Set of Transportation Solutions.N. Llorca,E. Molina,M. Pulido &J. Sánchez-Soriano -2004 -Theory and Decision 56 (1-2):215-228.detailsThis paper presents an axiomatic characterization of the Owen set of transportation games. In the characterization we use six properties including consistency (CONS2) and splitting and merging (SM) which are firstly proposed and defined for this setup in the present paper.
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Science Frustrated: The 'Einstein Institute' In Madrid. [REVIEW]Thomas F. Glick &José M. Sánchez Ron -2006 -Minerva 44 (4):355-378.detailsIn April 1933, Albert Einstein was offered an ‘Extraordinary’ Chair of Physics at the University of Madrid. Einstein first accepted, then sought to withdraw without causing damage to the anti-Fascist Republican government. However, this proved an opportunity for the Spanish press to harness Einstein’s notoriety to their own programmes. This article discusses the genesis and resolution of this episode, which says much about Einstein and science and politics in modern Spain.
Structural analysis of code-based algorithms of the NIST post-quantum call.M. A. González de la Torre,L. Hernández Encinas &J. I. Sánchez García -forthcoming -Logic Journal of the IGPL.detailsCode-based cryptography is currently the second most promising post-quantum mathematical tool for quantum-resistant algorithms. Since in 2022 the first post-quantum standard Key Encapsulation Mechanism, Kyber (a latticed-based algorithm), was selected to be established as standard, and after that the National Institute of Standards and Technology post-quantum standardization call focused in code-based cryptosystems. Three of the four candidates that remain in the fourth round are code-based algorithms. In fact, the only non-code-based algorithm (SIKE) is now considered vulnerable. Due to this landscape, (...) it is crucial to update previous results about these algorithms and their functioning. The Fujisaki-Okamoto transformation is a key part of the study of post-quantum algorithms and in this work we focus our analysis on Classic McEliece, BIKE and HQC proposals, and how they apply this transformation to obtain IND-CCA semantic security. Since after security the most important parameter in the evaluation of the algorithms is performance, we have compared the performance of the code-based algorithms of the NIST call considering the same architecture for all of them. (shrink)
Mechanical Wits Used in the America Colonization: Engineering Assessment.R. Dorado-Vicente,R. López-García,J. M. Quero-Nieves &G. Medina-Sánchez -2024 -Foundations of Science 29 (1):41-58.detailsThe first European settlements in the new world faced technical issues with the help of the XVI century scientific advances. Besides briefly exposing the scientific and technological situation, this paper explores, with the help of reverse engineering, two singular mechanical wits representative of the technological advances introduced in America to overcome different problems. Firstly, a pump, based on an alternative movement system through crankshafts and pistons used against the continuous flooding suffered in the Ciudad de México valley. Although flooding remained (...) a problem (it was solved in the XX century), hydraulic pumps were essential for continuous soil drainage. Secondly, a port crane for handling cannons, military devices, and construction materials during the Lima fortification in the XVII century. For both cases, reverse engineering, through engineering methods, Computer-Aided Design CAD programs, and additive manufacturing, provides virtual and/or tangible mockups that help to analyze and improve our knowledge about the dimensions, materials, and functions of used (and currently lost) mechanical systems during the American colonization. (shrink)
Worked Examples and Tutored Problem Solving: Redundant or Synergistic Forms of Support?Ron J. C. M. Salden,Vincent Awmm Aleven,Alexander Renkl &Rolf Schwonke -2009 -Topics in Cognitive Science 1 (1):203-213.detailsThe current research investigates a combination of two instructional approaches, tutored problem solving and worked examples. Tutored problem solving with automated tutors has proven to be an effective instructional method. Worked‐out examples have been shown to be an effective complement to untutored problem solving, but it is largely unknown whether they are an effective complement to tutored problem solving. Further, while computer‐based learning environments offer the possibility of adaptively transitioning from examples to problems while tailoring to an individual learner, the (...) effectiveness of such machine‐adapted example fading is largely unstudied. To address these research questions, one lab and one classroom experiment were conducted. Both studies compared a standard Cognitive Tutor with two example‐enhanced Cognitive Tutors, in which the fading of worked‐out examples occurred either in a fixed way or adaptively. Results indicate that the adaptive fading of worked‐out examples leads to higher transfer performance on delayed posttests than the other two methods. (shrink)
The Cultural Roots of Ethical Conflicts in Global Business.Carlos J.Sanchez-Runde,Luciara Nardon &Richard M. Steers -2013 -Journal of Business Ethics 116 (4):689-701.detailsThis study examines the cultural roots of ethical conflicts in the global business environment. It begins with a brief look at worldviews on ethical behavior in general. Based on this, it is argued that an in-depth understanding of ethical conflicts has been hampered by an overreliance on Western models and viewpoints. Three common sources, or bases, of ethical conflicts are discussed as they relate to business practices, including conflicts over tastes and preferences, the relative importance of moral imperatives compared to (...) legal requirements, and people’s level of tolerance for different values among others. It is then argued that an understanding of ethical conflicts can be facilitated through different levels of understanding, including the meaning of universal values, the relationship between values and practices, and the existence of multiple levels of conflict within the same organizations or industries. These specific and interrelated ingredients in cross-cultural ethical conflicts form the basis for a broader discussion of the meaning of truth as it relates to such conflicts. The paper concludes with the need for more research that is cross-cultural and multidisciplinary in order to improve theory building and managerial practice. (shrink)
Is the Epistemic View of Quantum Mechanics Incomplete?M. Ferrero,D. Salgado &J. L. Sánchez-Gómez -2004 -Foundations of Physics 34 (12):1993-2003.detailsOne of the most tantalizing questions about the interpretation of Quantum Theory is the objective vs. subjective meaning of quantum states. Here, by focusing on a typical EPR experiment upon which a selection procedure is performed on one side, we will confront the fully epistemic view of quantum states with its results. Our statement is that such a view cannot be considered complete, although the opposite attitude would also pose well-known problems of interpretation.
A Further Review of the Incompatibility between Classical Principles and Quantum Postulates.M. Ferrero,V. Gómez Pin,D. Salgado &J. L. Sánchez-Gómez -2013 -Foundations of Science 18 (1):125-138.detailsThe traditional “realist” conception of physics, according to which human concepts, laws and theories can grasp the essence of a reality in our absence , seems incompatible with quantum formalism and it most fruitful interpretation. The proof rests on the violation by quantum mechanical formalism of some fundamental principles of the classical ontology. We discuss if the conception behind Einstein’s idea of a reality in our absence, could be still maintained and at which price. We conclude that quantum mechanical formalism (...) is not formulated on those terms, leaving for a separated paper the discussion about the terms in which it could be formulated and the onto-epistemological implications it might have. (shrink)
Collaboration Variability in Autism Spectrum Disorder.Maria Blancas,Giovanni Maffei,Martí Sánchez-Fibla,Vasiliki Vouloutsi &Paul F. M. J. Verschure -2020 -Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 14:559793.detailsThis paper addresses how impairments in prediction in young adults with autism spectrum disorder relate to their behavior during a collaboration. To assess it, we developed a task where participants play in collaboration with a synthetic agent to maximize their score. The agent’s behavior changes during the different phases of the game, requiring participants to model their sensorimotor contingencies to play collaboratively. Our results (n = 30) show differences between autistic and neurotypical individuals in their behavioral adaptation to the other (...) partner. Contrarily, there are no differences in the self-reports of that collaboration. (shrink)
Sampling Methodologies for Epidemiologic Surveillance of Men Who Have Sex with Men and Transgender Women in Latin America: An Empiric Comparison of Convenience Sampling, Time Space Sampling, and Respondent Driven Sampling.J. L. Clark,K. A. Konda,A. Silva-Santisteban,J. Peinado,J. R. Lama,L. Kusunoki,A. Perez-Brumer,M. Pun,R. Cabello,J. L. Sebastian,L. Suarez-Ognio &J.Sanchez -unknowndetailsAlternatives to convenience sampling (CS) are needed for HIV/STI surveillance of most-at-risk populations in Latin America. We compared CS, time space sampling (TSS), and respondent driven sampling (RDS) for recruitment of men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women (TW) in Lima, Peru. During concurrent 60-day periods from June-August, 2011, we recruited MSM/TW for epidemiologic surveillance using CS, TSS, and RDS. A total of 748 participants were recruited through CS, 233 through TSS, and 127 through RDS. The TSS (...) sample included the largest proportion of TW (30.7 %) and the lowest percentage of subjects who had previously participated in HIV/STI research (14.9 %). The prevalence of newly diagnosed HIV infection, according to participants' self-reported previous HIV diagnosis, was highest among TSS recruits (17.9 %) compared with RDS (12.6 %) and CS (10.2 %). TSS identified diverse populations of MSM/TW with higher prevalences of HIV/STIs not accessed by other methods. (shrink)
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A Mathematical Characterization of Quantum Gaussian Stochastic Evolution Schemes.D. Salgado,J. L. Sánchez-Gómez &M. Ferrero -2006 -Foundations of Physics 36 (4):526-540.detailsWe give a common mathematical characterization of relevant stochastic evolution schemes built up in the literatute to attack the quantum measurement problem. This characterization is based on two hypotheses, namely, (i) the trace conservation with probability one and (ii) the existence of a complex phase determining a linear support for the stochastic process driving the random evolution.
Effects of factors of self-regulation vs. factors of external regulation of learning in self-regulated study.Mónica Pachón-Basallo,Jesús de la Fuente,María C. González-Torres,José Manuel Martínez-Vicente,Francisco J. Peralta-Sánchez &Manuel M. Vera-Martínez -2022 -Frontiers in Psychology 13.detailsSince the mid-20th century, the study of Self-Regulated Learning has aimed to identify the distinctive characteristics that enable individuals to acquire new knowledge and skills under their control. The theory of Internal Self-Regulation vs. External-Regulation in Learning has postulated that a large number of self-regulatory variables are mediated by regulated/non-regulated or dysregulated features of the context. After signing their informed consent, a total of 616 university students completed validated instruments of SRL vs. ERL, behavioral regulation, regulatory teaching, and metacognitive study (...) control strategies. Using an ex-post facto design and correlation, regression, structural equation model and mediation analyses, the present research aimed to establish multicausal predictive relationships among the analyzed variables. Results indicated positive predictive effects between the external regulation variables on the self-regulation variables in learning [regulation /non-regulation /dysregulation ]; as well as positive predictive effects between SRL on SRB, RT and metacognitive SRS. Additionally, external regulation not only predicted but mediated numerous relations among the variables studied. Other findings and important considerations for future research in the field of self-regulation are discussed. (shrink)
L’état actuel de la recherche sur le concile d’Elvire.Miguel J. Lázaro Sánchez -2008 -Revue des Sciences Religieuses 82:517-546.detailsPeut-on continuer à considérer les canons d’Elvire comme appartenant à un seul concile ? L’historiographie française la plus répandue jusqu'a ce jour a répondu affirmativement à cette question. Depuis la fin du siècle dernier, on assiste a un débat très anime sur l’authenticité et l’unité des Actes dits d’Elvire. Les différentes thèses se partagent entre deux approches totalement opposées : l’une soutient l’unité des Actes, sans refuser qu’ils aient pu être remanies au cours de leur transmission historique ; l’autre, a (...) la suite de l’article pionnier de M. Meigne (1975), défend le caractère composite des Actes, qui constitueraient une collection de dispositions juridiques hétérogènes. L’article présente l’état actuel de la recherche sur le concile d’Elvire ainsi que les enjeux principaux du débat. (shrink)
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Discussion of “Biomedical informatics: We are what we publish”.Geissbuhler Antoine,W. E. Hammond,A. Hasman,R. Hussein,R. Koppel,C. A. Kulikowski,V. Maojo,F. Martin-Sanchez,P. W. Moorman,Moura La,F. G. De Quiros,M. J. Schuemle,Barry Smith &J. Talmon -2013 -Methods of Information in Medicine 52 (6):547-562.detailsThis article is part of a For-Discussion-Section of Methods of Information in Medicine about the paper "Biomedical Informatics: We Are What We Publish", written by Peter L. Elkin, Steven H. Brown, and Graham Wright. It is introduced by an editorial. This article contains the combined commentaries invited to independently comment on the Elkin et al. paper. In subsequent issues the discussion can continue through letters to the editor.
The clustering of galaxies in the SDSS-III baryon oscillation spectroscopic survey: Baryon acoustic oscillations in the data releases 10 and 11 galaxy samples. [REVIEW]Lauren Anderson,Éric Aubourg,Stephen Bailey,Florian Beutler,Vaishali Bhardwaj,Michael Blanton,Adam S. Bolton,J. Brinkmann,Joel R. Brownstein,Angela Burden,Chia-Hsun Chuang,Antonio J. Cuesta,Kyle S. Dawson,Daniel J. Eisenstein,Stephanie Escoffier,James E. Gunn,Hong Guo,Shirley Ho,Klaus Honscheid,Cullan Howlett,David Kirkby,Robert H. Lupton,Marc Manera,Claudia Maraston,Cameron K. McBride,Olga Mena,Francesco Montesano,Robert C. Nichol,Sebastián E. Nuza,Matthew D. Olmstead,Nikhil Padmanabhan,Nathalie Palanque-Delabrouille,John Parejko,Will J. Percival,Patrick Petitjean,Francisco Prada,Adrian M. Price-Whelan,Beth Reid,Natalie A. Roe,Ashley J. Ross,Nicholas P. Ross,Cristiano G. Sabiu,Shun Saito,Lado Samushia,Ariel G. Sánchez,David J. Schlegel,Donald P. Schneider,Claudia G. Scoccola,Hee-Jong Seo,Ramin A. Skibba,Michael A. Strauss,Molly E. C. Swanson,Daniel Thomas,Jeremy L. Tinker,Rita Tojeiro,Mariana Vargas Magaña,Licia Verde &Dav Wake -unknowndetailsWe present a one per cent measurement of the cosmic distance scale from the detections of the baryon acoustic oscillations in the clustering of galaxies from the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey, which is part of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey III. Our results come from the Data Release 11 sample, containing nearly one million galaxies and covering approximately 8500 square degrees and the redshift range 0.2< z< 0.7. We also compare these results with those from the publicly released (...) DR9 and DR10 samples. Assuming a concordance Λ cold dark matter cosmological model, the DR11 sample covers a volume of 13 Gpc3 and is the largest region of the Universe ever surveyed at this density. We measure the correlation function and power spectrum, including density-field reconstruction of the BAO feature. The acoustic features are detected at a significance of over 7σ in both the correlation function and power spectrum. Fitting for the position of the acoustic features measures the distance relative to the sound horizon at the drag epoch, rd, which has a value of rd,fid = 149.28 Mpc in our fiducial cosmology. We find DV = at z = 0.32 and DV = at z = 0.57. At 1.0 per cent, this latter measure is the most precise distance constraint ever obtained from a galaxy survey. Separating the clustering along and transverse to the line of sight yields measurements at z = 0.57 of DA = and H =. Our measurements of the distance scale are in good agreement with previous BAO measurements and with the predictions from cosmic microwave background data for a spatially flat CDM model with a cosmological constant. © 2014 The Author Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society. (shrink)
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Spectral Spacing Correlations for Chaotic and Disordered Systems.O. Bohigas,P. Lebœuf &M. J. Sánchez -2001 -Foundations of Physics 31 (3):489-517.detailsNew aspects of spectral fluctuations of (quantum) chaotic and diffusive systems are considered, namely autocorrelations of the spacing between consecutive levels or spacing autocovariances. They can be viewed as a discretized two point correlation function. Their behavior results from two different contributions. One corresponds to (universal) random matrix eigenvalue fluctuations, the other to diffusive or chaotic characteristics of the corresponding classical motion. A closed formula expressing spacing autocovariances in terms of classical dynamical zeta functions, including the Perron–Frobenius operator, is derived. (...) It leads to a simple interpretation in terms of classical resonances. The theory is applied to zeros of the Riemann zeta function. A striking correspondence between the associated classical dynamical zeta functions and the Riemann zeta itself is found. This induces a resurgence phenomenon where the lowest Riemann zeros appear replicated an infinite number of times as resonances and sub-resonances in the spacing autocovariances. The theoretical results are confirmed by existing “data.” The present work further extends the already well known semiclassical interpretation of properties of Riemann zeros. (shrink)