Unintended Changes in Cognition, Mood, and Behavior Arising from Cell-Based Interventions for Neurological Conditions: Ethical Challenges.P. S. Duggan,A. W. Siegel,D. M. Blass,H. Bok,J. T. Coyle,R. Faden,J. Finkel,J. D.Gearhart,H. T. Greely,A. Hillis,A. Hoke,R. Johnson,M. Johnston,J. Kahn,D. Kerr &P. King -2009 -American Journal of Bioethics 9 (5):31-36.detailsThe prospect of using cell-based interventions to treat neurological conditions raises several important ethical and policy questions. In this target article, we focus on issues related to the unique constellation of traits that characterize CBIs targeted at the central nervous system. In particular, there is at least a theoretical prospect that these cells will alter the recipients' cognition, mood, and behavior—brain functions that are central to our concept of the self. The potential for such changes, although perhaps remote, is cause (...) for concern and careful ethical analysis. Both to enable better informed consent in the future and as an end in itself, we argue that early human trials of CBIs for neurological conditions must monitor subjects for changes in cognition, mood, and behavior; further, we recommend concrete steps for that monitoring. Such steps will help better characterize the potential risks and benefits of CBIs as they are tested and potentially used for treatment. (shrink)
Public Stem Cell Banks: Considerations of Justice in Stem Cell Research and Therapy.Ruth R. Faden,Liza Dawson,Alison S. Bateman-House,Dawn Mueller Agnew,Hilary Bok,Dan W. Brock,Aravinda Chakravarti,Xiao-Jiang Gao,Mark Greene,John A. Hansen,Patricia A. King,Stephen J. O'Brien,David H. Sachs,Kathryn E. Schill,Andrew Siegel,Davor Solter,Sonia M. Suter,Catherine M. Verfaillie,LeRoy B. Walters &John D.Gearhart -2003 -Hastings Center Report 33 (6):13-27.detailsIf stem cell-based therapies are developed, we will likely confront a difficult problem of justice: for biological reasons alone, the new therapies might benefit only a limited range of patients. In fact, they might benefit primarily white Americans, thereby exacerbating long-standing differences in health and health care.
The Chief Inducement? The Idea of Marriage as Friendship.R. Abbey &D. J. D. Uyl -2002 -Journal of Applied Philosophy 18 (1):37-52.detailsA combination of social forces has thrown marriage into question in westernised societies at the end of the millennium. This uncertainty creates space for new ways of thinking about marriage. In this context, we examine the idea of marriage as friendship. We trace its genealogy in the work of Mary Wollstonecraft, John Stuart Mill and Harriet Taylor and then subject it to critical scrutiny using some of Michel de Montaigne’s ideas. We ask how applicable the ideal of higher friendship is (...) to marriage and what might be gained and lost by a synthesis of marriage and friendship. Grounding the discussion in historical sources is valuable because the topic is so little explored in the contemporary philosophical literature. This approach also allows any enduring value in these historical texts to be elicited. (shrink)
Early Modern Philosophy.Robert F. McRae, Moyal,J. D. Georges &Stanley Tweyman (eds.) -1985 - Delmar, N.Y.: Caravan Books.detailsSixteen essays on epistemology, metaphysics, & history & politics, treating aspects of the writings of Descartes, Locke, Hume, Kant, Leibniz, & Hobbes.
A History of Philosophy. [REVIEW]J. D. Bastable -1964 -Philosophical Studies (Dublin) 13:250-252.detailsThis impeccable publication, the second of a four-volume History of Philosophy under the editorship of M Gilson, impressively inaugurates a series which should liberally endow undergraduate studies and the educated English-speaking public. More succinct and in some respects more decisive than Fr Copleston’s two-volume treatment, more developed than Hirschberger’s genial outline, more systematically philosophical than Dom Knowles’ biographico-historical survey, Dr Maurer’s exposition can stand comparison with Gilson’s own specialist History of Christian Philosophy in the Middle Ages to which he modestly (...) claims to offer an introduction, ‘and beyond all histories to the works of the medieval philosophers themselves’. He concentrates a masterful attention upon the key Christian thinkers from Augustine to Suarez, presenting a rich sweep of some twelve centuries from the patristic thought of the fourth century through the Scholastic era to the late Renaissance scholastics of the sixteenth century. This mature survey, emphasising sympathetic presentation rather than critical evaluation of each philosopher, is fitted succinctly and lucidly into less than 400 pages, reinforced by some 40 pages of select notes and followed by a scholarly bibliography and systematic index. The text is limpedly written, based squarely upon the original sources in the light of the best contemporary scholarship with a bias towards the well-known Gilson thesis, and pleasantly illuminated by the personal research judgment of the author. (shrink)
Introduction to the Philosophy of St. Thomas Aquinas. [REVIEW]J. D. Bastable -1957 -Philosophical Studies (Dublin) 7:241-242.detailsThis admirable volume inagurates a manual series which precisely implements, neither more nor less, what its experienced Dominican writer claims: a clear introduction to Thomist philosophy. Within the classic simplicity of the manual tradition it expounds the vital first principles of metaphysical psychology without overloading the beginner with unnecessary technical difficulties, and refreshingly illustrates the lucid concentration of Thomas upon the relevant questions. Sometimes its simplicity is deceptive, since it is inspired by the traditional commentary upon the classic intellectualism, which (...) is the basis of epistemology as Thomas conceived it historically, in his developing Aristotelianism. It expounds this doctrine sensibly in its own historical right, apart from the findings of modern empirical psychology. To his own text, Père Gardeil adds a valuable selection of passages from the relevant works of St. Thomas, notably the Quaestiones Disputatae, De Anima et De Veritate, with pedagogical cross-references. Dr. Otto’s translation is unpretentiously faithful and easy for a twentieth century student unaccustomed to Scholastic terminology and method. (shrink)
Progress in Philosophy. [REVIEW]J. D. Bastable -1957 -Philosophical Studies (Dublin) 7:242-243.detailsSince its inception in 1926 the American Catholic philosophical Association has furthered the collective research of Catholic philosophers and has greatly stimulated their influence and individual competence in the process. It now reflects an independent thoroughness of thinking among American Christians, which respects philosophy as an autonomous study while fruitfully exemplifying its open relation to divine revelation for a fuller understanding of man and his life. Since December 1930 Doctor Hart has been the responsible secretary, who unselfishly dedicates his precious (...) time and talents to organizing the Association on both national and regional bases, the indefatigable editor of its annual Proceedings and special Studies and a constant contributor to its official quarterly journal. He has thus reared a full generation within the Association—apart from his thirty-four years of professorial service in Washington and elsewhere, and many other academic and religious activities. (shrink)
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St. Thomas and the Future of Metaphysics. [REVIEW]J. D. Bastable -1957 -Philosophical Studies (Dublin) 7:199-200.detailsThe contemporary secular student approaching the traditional summit of philosophy, like a candidate approaching an exalted political office, is troubled by the question: ‘Is its future now behind it?’ Seven centuries ago an over-loyal witness to the virtue of St. Thomas anticipated the question with a hyperbolic flourish: “in fine conclusit, quod idem Fr. Thomas in scripturis suis imposuit finem omnibus laborantibus usque ad finem saeculi, et quod omnes deinceps frustra laborarent”. He was promptly contradicted by lively divisions within Scholasticism (...) itself and later by the unexpected and rich development of secular philosophies, whose wars have ended by generating a general suspicion of the validity and position of metaphysics itself. The problem now is to restore a respected significance to that surviving science, as is bluntly stated by Dr. Owens: “the difficulty to-day for metaphysics is to take even the first step toward a proper place in the advanced and complicated culture which is ours”. (shrink)
Combination of a virtual wave and the reciprocity theorem to analyse surface wave generation on a transversely isotropic solid.J. D. Achenbach -2005 -Philosophical Magazine 85 (33-35):4143-4157.detailsAt some distance from a high-rate source in an elastic half-space, the dominant wave motion at the free surface is a Rayleigh surface wave. The calculation of surface waves generated by a concentrated force in a half-space is a basic problem in elastodynamics. By straightforward manipulations, the result can be used to obtain surface waves for other kinds of wave-generating body-force arrangements. For example, appropriate combinations of double-forces (or dipoles) can be used to represent the surface loading due to laser (...) irradiation, or due to acoustic emission from the opening of a sub-surface crack or from sliding over a fault surface. The surface wave motion is usually obtained by the application of integral transform techniques and the subsequent extraction of the surface waves as the contributions from poles in the integral for the inverse transform. In this paper, we use a much simpler approach based on the elastodynamic reciprocity theorem. We consider a transversely isotropic solid whose axis of symmetry is normal to the surface of the half-space. Surface wave pulses generated by a single force, by irradiation from a laser source, and by opening of a crack, have been determined. (shrink)
Quasi-national european identity and european democracy.D. J. -2001 -Law and Philosophy 20 (3):283-311.detailsDemocracy may well be the primary virtue of political systems. Yet European politics is marked by a democracy deficit that will not disappear spontaneously. While legal and political theory on this issue is dominated by supporters of civic institutionalism and constitutional republicanism, liberal nationalists seem to be split. They justify the civic nationhood of member states, but they shrink away from the idea of a European people. This essay claims that a quasi-national conception of European identity can be conducive to (...) the rise of a democratic political union of Europe. It discusses the mechanisms and rules for Europeanization of the sense of equal dignity and solidarity. This approach to supranational identity is explicitly instrumental and orientated towards the long run. However, the main liberal objections against it can be countered. (shrink)
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All Talked Out: Naturalism and the Future of Philosophy.J. D. Trout -2017 - New York, NY, United States of America: Oup Usa.detailsAll Talked Out is an exercise in applied philosophy. It is a study of what the examination of knowledge, explanation, and well-being would look like if freed from the peculiar tools and outlook of modern philosophy and handed over to scientists - or scientifically-trained philosophers - who had a reflective aim.
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The Personal and Social as Mutually Specifying.J. D. Raskin -2008 -Constructivist Foundations 3 (2):83-84.detailsOpen peer commentary on the target article “Who Conceives of Society?” by Ernst von Glasersfeld. Excerpt: Von Glasersfeld’s presupposition that all organisms are isolated subjective knowers can thus remain viable within a framework that sees the personal and social as mutually informing. Implying that isolated knowers coordinate the ways in which they “bump” into one another – and that this coordination impacts the kinds of perturbations that arise within them – constitutes a perfectly rational variation on von Glasersfeld’s theory of (...) rational knowing. (shrink)
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Wondrous Truths: The Improbable Rise of Modern Science.J. D. Trout -2018 - Oup Usa.detailsWondrous Truths answers two questions about the steep rise of theoretical discoveries around 1600: Why in the European West? And why so quickly? The history of science's awkward assortment of accident and luck, geography and personal idiosyncrasy, explains scientific progress alongside experimental method. J.D. Trout's blend of scientific realism and epistemic naturalism carries us through neuroscience, psychology, history, and policy, and explains how the corpuscular hunch of Boyle and Newton caught on.
Not God enough: why your small God leads to big problems.J. D. Greear -2018 - Grand Rapids, Michigan: Zondervan.detailsIn Not God Enough, J.D. Greear explains that the thing between you and the vibrant faith you want isn't answers to all our spiritual questions, but an escape from the small God we've imagined in place of an actual encounter with the real, awesome, glorious God of the Bible.
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