Bio-Objects: Life in the 21st Century.NikiVermeulen &Sakari Tamminen -2012 - Routledge.detailsExamining a variety of bio-objects in contexts beyond the laboratory, Bio-Objects: Life in the 21st Century explores new ways of thinking about how novel bio-objects enter contemporary life, analysing the manner in which the boundaries between human and animal, organic and non-organic, and being 'alive' and the suspension of living, are questioned, destabilised and in some cases re-established.
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Letters on the Improvement of the Mind: Addressed to a Young Lady.Hester Chapone -2013 - Cambridge University Press.detailsOriginally published in 1773 in two volumes, and now reissued here together in one, this work by the writerHester Chapone, a renowned proponent of female education, contains advice delivered in the form of letters to her niece. The first volume deals primarily with matters of religion and morality, while the second volume addresses questions of behaviour and schooling. Unusually for self-improvement books of this era, Chapone recommends that a young woman should have a rigorous education in a wide (...) variety of subjects, including ancient history and geography, as well as instruction in ladylike deportment and mastery of household matters. She exhorts young ladies to avoid vanity and other vices through devoted study of scripture, and writes of the importance of choosing worthy and sensible friends who can be trusted to offer good advice. Chapone's posthumously published works, in two volumes, are also reissued in this series. (shrink)
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It could have been otherwise: contingency and necessity in Dominican theology at Oxford, 1300-1350.Hester Goodenough Gelber -2004 - Boston: Brill.detailsHester Goodenough Gelber is Associate Professor of Religious Studies, Stanford University.
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Alexithymia and the automatic processing of affective information: Evidence from the affective priming paradigm.NicolasVermeulen,Olivier Luminet &Olivier Corneille -2006 -Cognition and Emotion 20 (1):64-91.detailsIn Study 1, we examined the moderating impact of alexithymia (i.e., a difficulty identifying and describing feelings to other people and an externally oriented cognitive style) on the automatic processing of affective information. The affective priming paradigm was used, and lower priming effects for high alexithymia scorers were observed when congruent (incongruent) pairs involving nonverbal primes (angry face) and verbal target were presented. The results held after controlling for participants' negative affectivity. The same effects were replicated in Studies 2 and (...) 3, with trait anxiety and depression entered as additional covariates. In Study 3, no moderating impact of alexithymia was found for verbal-facial pairs suggesting that the results cannot be merely explained in terms of transcoding limitations for high alexithymia scorers. Overall, the present results suggest that alexithymia could be related to a difficulty in processing and automatically using high arousal emotional information to respond to concomittant behavioural demands. (shrink)
Categorical perception of anger is disrupted in alexithymia: Evidence from a visual ERP study.NicolasVermeulen,Olivier Luminet,Mariana Cordovil de Sousa &Salvatore Campanella -2008 -Cognition and Emotion 22 (6):1052-1067.detailsHigh and low alexithymia scorers were confronted with a modified visual oddball task that allowed the study of categorical perception of emotional expressions on faces. Participants had to quickly detect a deviant (rare) morphed face that shared or did not share the same emotional expression as the frequent one. Expected categorical perception effects, which were also neurophysiologically indexed, showed that rare stimuli were detected faster if they depicted a different emotional expression compared to rare stimuli depicting the same emotional expression (...) than the frequent one. Even if no differences were observed at a behavioural level, high alexithymia scorers evidenced overall delayed neurophysiological responses in components related to the attentional processing of rare emotional faces. Moreover, the categorical perception effects for event-related components associated with the attentional processing were smaller in high alexithymia scorers and were even absent for anger. These results show that high alexithymia scorers present discrimination delays that are already observed at the attentional level. (shrink)
(1 other version)Guidance for healthcare ethics committees.D. MicahHester &Toby Schonfeld (eds.) -2012 - Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.detailsIntroduction to healthcare ethics committees / D. MicahHester and Toby Schonfeld -- Brief introduction to ethics and ethical theory / D. MicahHester and Toby Schonfeld -- Ethics committees and the law / Stephen Latham -- Cultural and ...
In de afgrond kijken.Hester IJsseling -2022 -Algemeen Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Wijsbegeerte 114 (4):441-455.detailsAmsterdam University Press is a leading publisher of academic books, journals and textbooks in the Humanities and Social Sciences. Our aim is to make current research available to scholars, students, innovators, and the general public. AUP stands for scholarly excellence, global presence, and engagement with the international academic community.
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The ‘false hope’ argument in discussions on expanded access to investigational drugs: a critical assessment.Marjolijn Hordijk,Stefan F.Vermeulen &Eline M. Bunnik -2022 -Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy 25 (4):693-701.detailsWhen seriously ill patients reach the end of the standard treatment trajectory for their condition, they may qualify for the use of unapproved, investigational drugs regulated via expanded access programs. In medical-ethical discourse, it is often argued that expanded access to investigational drugs raises ‘false hope’ among patients and is therefore undesirable. We set out to investigate what is meant by the false hope argument in this discourse. In this paper, we identify and analyze five versions of the false hope (...) argument which we call: (1) the limited chance at benefit argument, (2) the side effects outweighing benefits argument, (3) the opportunity costs argument, (4) the impossibility of making informed decisions argument, and (5) the difficulty of gaining access argument. We argue that the majority of these five versions do not provide normative ground for disqualifying patients’ hopes as false. Only when hope is rooted in a mistaken belief, for example, about the likelihood of benefits or chances on medical risks, or when hope is directed at something that cannot possibly be obtained, should it be considered false. If patients are adequately informed about their odds of obtaining medical benefit, however small, and about the risks associated with an investigational treatment, it is unjustified to consider patients’ hopes to be false, and hence, to deny them access to investigational drug based on that argument. (shrink)
Nightlife Patrons’ Personal and Descriptive Norms Regarding Sexual Behaviors.Aimee-Rose Wrightson-Hester,Maria Allan &Alfred Allan -2019 -Ethics and Behavior 29 (6):423-437.detailsThe behavior of some nightlife-setting patrons would be unacceptable in workplaces or public settings and could cause distress to other patrons. This quantitative study determined 381 young Australian’s descriptive and personal norms regarding four types of sexual behavior. Participants’ personal norms were that these behaviors are wrong, but they reported that the behaviors are common in a nightlife setting. Behaviors such as these could theoretically be prevented by modifying patrons’ descriptive norms with evidence that their beliefs are contrary to individuals’ (...) personal norms of acceptable behavior in nightlife settings. (shrink)
Variables as stacks.C. F. M.Vermeulen -2000 -Journal of Logic, Language and Information 9 (2):143-167.detailsThe development of the dynamic semantics of natural languagehas put issues of variable control on the agenda of formal semantics. Inthis paper we regard variables as names for stacks of values and makeexplicit several control actions as push and pop actions on stacks. Weapply this idea both to static and dynamic languages and compare theirfinite variable hierarchies, i.e., the relation between the number ofvariable stacks that is available and the expressivity of the language.This can be compared in natural languages with (...) relating the number ofpronouns available to the expressivity of the language.The results are obtained using techniques from static and dynamic modeltheory: model theoretic games, transition systems and bisimulation. (shrink)
Axiomatization of a Denotational Semantics for First-order Logic.C.Vermeulen -2004 -Logic Journal of the IGPL 12 (4):277-299.detailsAn axiomatization is presented of the denotational semantics for first order language of Apt [1]. The goal is to obtain a rational reconstruction of the intuitions underlying this semantics. The axiomatization combines ideas about four valued logic with facts about substitutions. Soundness and completeness of the axiomatization are established. From the completeness proof a decision procedure is obtained that shows how four valued logic and order sensitivity of substitution together add up in a natural way to the denotational semantics for (...) the language of first order logic as proposed by Apt. (shrink)
End-of-Life Care and Pragmatic Decision Making: A Bioethical Perspective.D. MicahHester -2009 - New York: Cambridge University Press.detailsEvery one of us will die, and the processes we go through will be our own - unique to our own experiences and life stories. End-of-Life Care and Pragmatic Decision Making provides a pragmatic philosophical framework based on a radically empirical attitude toward life and death. D. MicahHester takes seriously the complexities of experiences and argues that when making end-of-life decisions, healthcare providers ought to pay close attention to the narratives of patients and the communities they inhabit so (...) that their dying processes embody their life stories. He discusses three types of end-of-life patient populations - adults with decision-making capacity, adults without capacity, and children - to show the implications of pragmatic empiricism and the scope of decision making at the end of life for different types of patients. (shrink)
Interests and neonates: There is more to the story than we explicitly acknowledge.D. MicahHester -2007 -Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics 28 (5):357-372.detailsAlthough there are many different moral arguments concerning the use of Best Interests in neonatal decision-making, there seems in practice a firm commitment to application of the concept. And yet, there is still little reflection given by practitioners about what employing a Best Interest determination means in infant care. The following lays out a comprehensive taxonomy of interest-sources in order to provide for more robust considerations of what constitutes best interests of/for neonates.
Philosophy for Young Thinkers.JosephHester &Philip Fitch Vincent -1987 - Trillium Press (WV).detailsA K-12 curriculum guide for philosophy and ethics.
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“bad Form”: Contemporary Cinema’s Turn To The Perverse: David Lynch: Lost Highway Lars Von Trier: Breaking The Waves.Hester Joyce &Scott Wilson -2009 -Colloquy 18:132.detailsThe form of Western mainstream film is the crux of its ideological efficiency: by using established formal techniques, films ensure audiences un- derstand that aesthetic decisions support and clarify the narrative to ensure maximum spectatorial satisfaction. However, some films exploit their formal aesthetics in order to prevent clarification, thwarting satisfaction in favour of viewing practices that can be considered perverse in that they withhold, suspend or obstruct immediate pleasure. Contemporary Western filmmaking in the mid-1990s witnessed the emergence of a distinct (...) group of filmmakers and films that, in the popular discourse of cinematic criticism, were together coded as difficult or perverse. These films were, as a result of the characteristics we identify below, situated obliquely in relation to the larger economic and artistic struc- tures of a commercially oriented mainstream cinema. Included in this new form of cinematic production were films from directors such as Tim Burton: Edward Scissorhands ; David Cronenberg: eXistenZ ; David Fincher: Se7en ; Peter Greenaway: The Baby of Maçon ; David Lynch: Lost Highway ; Quentin Tarantino: Pulp Fiction and Lars von Trier: Breaking the Waves . Whilst Western cinema as a whole has a long history of exploring difficult or perverse material within the overt or covert content of narrative, plot and story, such films demonstrate a particular relationship between the content being explored and the specific formal characteristics utilised in the delivery of that content. Thus where previous examples would utilise standardised formal techniques as a way of both delivering and containing the difficult or objectionable material, the films instead offer instances where the material of the narrative content seems to bleed backwards, affecting the form and rendering the very materiality of the film itself suspect and problematic. (shrink)
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Government Influence on Patient Organizations.Hester M. Bovenkamp &Margo J. Trappenburg -2011 -Health Care Analysis 19 (4):329-351.detailsPatient organizations increasingly play an important role in health care decision-making in Western countries. The Netherlands is one of the countries where this trend has gone furthest. In the literature some problems are identified, such as instrumental use of patient organizations by care providers, health insurers and the pharmaceutical industry. To strengthen the position of patient organizations government funding is often recommended as a solution. In this paper we analyze the ties between Dutch government and Dutch patient organizations to learn (...) more about the effects of such a relationship between government and this part of civil society. Our study is based on official government documents and existing empirical research on patient organizations. We found that government influence on patient organizations has become quite substantial with government influencing the organizational structure of patient organizations, the activities these organizations perform and even their ideology. Financing patient organizations offers the government an important means to hold them accountable. Although the ties between patient organizations and the government enable the former to play a role that can be valued as positive by both parties, we argue that they raise problems as well which warrant a discussion on how much government influence on civil society is acceptable. (shrink)
Is pragmatism well-suited to bioethics?D. MicahHester -2003 -Journal of Medicine and Philosophy 28 (5 & 6):545 – 561.detailsThis paper attempts to defend pragmatic approaches to bioethics against detractors, showing how particular critics have failed or succeeded. The paper divides bioethics from a pragmatic point of view into three groups. The first group is called "bioethical pragmatism" that will be represented by two book-chapters from the anthology, Pragmatic Bioethics . The second group is called "clinical pragmatism" championed by Fins, Baccetta, and Miller. Finally, a third group, which has roots in the legal tradition, has been called "freestanding pragmatism" (...) and is portrayed by Grey, Posner, and Wolf. Each group has been criticized in journal articles, and, in turn, this paper critiques some of the (mis)understandings put forth by Tollefsen, Jansen, and Arras about the capabilities and status of pragmatism in bioethical discussions. Finally, it concludes with cautionary notes about pragmatic bioethics in hopes that pragmatists will learn from their own insights about the human condition and the discipline of bioethics. (shrink)
Why We Must Leave Our Organs to Others.D. MicahHester -2006 -American Journal of Bioethics 6 (4):W23-W28.detailsOrgan procurement presents several ethical concerns (from what constitutes acceptable criteria for death to issues involved in specifically designating to whom an organ can be given), but none is more central than the concern for what are appropriate means for acquiring organs. The following discussion attempts a different perspective on the issue of organ procurement by arguing that, rather than appealing to our charitable consciences or our pocketbooks, relinquishing our organs after death in this day and age is, in fact, (...) obligatory for most people. Each of us is pressed by the growing demand for our organs should we die ?rightly,? and that desperate need has risen to such a level that not to release our organs for transplantation would constitute a serious moral wrong. (shrink)
Legislating Patient Representation: A Comparison Between Austrian and German Regulations on Self-Help Organizations as Patient Representatives.Hester Bovenkamp,Julia Fischer &Daniela Rojatz -2018 -Journal of Bioethical Inquiry 15 (3):351-358.detailsGovernments are increasingly inviting patient organizations to participate in healthcare policymaking. By inviting POs that claim to represent patients, representation comes into being. However, little is known about the circumstances under which governments accept POs as patient representatives. Based on the analysis of relevant legislation, this article investigates the criteria that self-help organizations, a special type of PO, must fulfil in order to be accepted as patient representatives by governments in Austria and Germany. Thereby, it aims to contribute to the (...) discussion on the role of governments in steering SHOs. There are different degrees of regulation. Governments in both countries not only formulate explicit criteria for SHOs with respect to patient representation but also guide SHOs representing patients through implicit criteria for associations. We discuss the findings against concepts of responsiveness, authorization, and accountability. Our findings indicate that governmental steering is not negative per se as indicated by previous research but—depending on legislative criteria—can promote transparency and democratic quality in patient representation. (shrink)
Text structure and proof structure.C. F. M.Vermeulen -2000 -Journal of Logic, Language and Information 9 (3):273-311.detailsThis paper is concerned with the structure of texts in which aproof is presented. Some parts of such a text are assumptions, otherparts are conclusions. We show how the structural organisation of thetext into assumptions and conclusions helps to check the validity of theproof. Then we go on to use the structural information for theformulation of proof rules, i.e., rules for the (re-)construction ofproof texts. The running example is intuitionistic propositional logicwith connectives , and. We give new proofs of some (...) familiar results aboutthe proof theory of this logic to indicate how the new techniques workout. (shrink)
Indigenous Worlds and Callicott’s Land Ethic.L.Hester,D. McPherson,A. Booth &J. Cheney -2000 -Environmental Ethics 22 (3):273-290.detailsWe assess J. Baird Callicott’s attempt in Earth’s Insights to reconcile his land ethic with the “environmental ethics” of indigenous peoples. We critique the rejection of ethical pluralism that informs this attempted rapprochement. We also assess Callicott’s strategy of grounding his land ethic in a postmodern scientific world view by contrasting it with the roles of “respect” and narrative in indigenous “ethics.”.
(1 other version)Five Ways of (not) Defining Exemplification.IngaVermeulen,Georg Brun &Christoph Baumberger -2009 - In Gerhard Ernst, Jakob Steinbrenner & Oliver R. Scholz,From Logic to Art: Themes from Nelson Goodman. Frankfurt: Ontos. pp. 7--219.detailsThe notion of exemplification is essential for Goodman’s theory of symbols. But Goodman’s account of exemplification has been criticized as unclear and inadequate. He points out two conditions for an object x exemplifying a label y: (C1) y denotes x and (C2) x refers to y. While (C1) is uncontroversial, (C2) raises the question of how “refers to” should be interpreted. This problem is intertwined with three further questions that consequently should be discussed together with it. Are the two necessary (...) conditions (C1) and (C2) conjointly sufficient? Do they amount to a definition of “exemplification”? Which notions of Goodman’s theory are basic, and hence undefined? In this paper, we address these questions and defend a reconstruction of the notion of exemplification that interprets “refers to” in (C2) as exemplificational reference and hence treats “exemplification” as a basic notion of Goodman’s theory. Firstly, we argue that even though the notion of exemplification is not defined, it is still sufficiently clear. This ensures its contribution to Goodman’s theory of symbols. Secondly, we show that our account is plausible as an interpretation of Goodman’s and Elgin’s writings, although it implies that some of Goodman’s theorems about self-reference have to be weakened. Thirdly, we argue that it is the only materially adequate reconstruction of Goodman’s notion of exemplification, whereas the alternative definitional accounts fail. (shrink)
Intersex(e) und alternative Heilungsstrategien: Medizin, soziale Imperative und identitätsstiftende Gegengemeinschaften.J. DavidHester -2004 -Ethik in der Medizin 16 (1):48-67.detailsDie medizinischen Interventionen bei Intersexualität basieren auf den vorherrschenden gesellschaftlichen Geschlechtsnormen, die das intersexuelle Kind als behandlungsbedürftige Abweichung sehen. Aus diesem Blickwinkel wird unter „Heilung“ die erfolgreiche Integration des intersexuellen Individuums in ein eindeutig abgegrenztes Geschlecht verstanden, das durch eine medizinische Behandlung hergestellt wird. Dabei wird einerseits vorausgesetzt, dass unbehandelte intersexuelle Individuen nicht erfolgreich „heilen“ können, und andererseits, dass behandelte Individuen medizinische Interventionen als „Heilungsmaßnahmen“ erleben. Die Exploration der medizinischen Fachliteratur und der Berichte aus erster Hand sowohl von behandelten als (...) auch von unbehandelten Menschen mit Intersexualität lassen diese Vorannahmen fragwürdig erscheinen. In der Literatur wird nämlich belegt, dass als grundlegende Mittel, die tatsächlich bei diesen Menschen zu einer „Heilung“ führen, zentrale Werte wie Selbstakzeptanz der Andersartigkeit, Überwindung der Isolation durch Austausch mit anderen in ähnlichen Situationen und Wahrhaftigkeit von Bedeutung sind. Dies würde bedeuten, dass eine medizinische Intervention zur Überwindung der sozialen Ausgrenzung in Fällen von Intersexualität möglicherweise nicht die effektivste „Heilungsmaßnahme“ ist. Die medizinische Behandlung muss vielmehr darauf ausgerichtet werden, die Reaktion auf Intersexualität zu überwinden, als diesen Zustand selbst als pathologisch anzusehen. (shrink)
The Promise and Paradox of Cultural Competence.Rebecca J.Hester -2012 -HEC Forum 24 (4):279-291.detailsCultural competence has become a ubiquitous and unquestioned aspect of professional formation in medicine. It has been linked to efforts to eliminate race-based health disparities and to train more compassionate and sensitive providers. In this article, I question whether the field of cultural competence lives up to its promise. I argue that it does not because it fails to grapple with the ways that race and racism work in U.S. society today. Unless we change our theoretical apparatus for dealing with (...) diversity to one that more critically engages with the complexities of race, I suggest that unequal treatment and entrenched health disparities will remain. If the field of cultural competence incorporates the lessons of critical race scholarship, however, it would not only need to transform its theoretical foundation, it would also need to change its name. (shrink)
History and culture: essays on the work of Eric R. Wolf.J. Abbink &HansVermeulen (eds.) -1992 - Amsterdam: Het Spinhuis.detailsIntroduction Jan Abbink and HansVermeulen This volume consists of essays and studies by authors inspired by the work of Eric Wolf, a central figure in ...
Sensibility and Criticism: A Study of the Interrelation of Verbal Acts and Visual Acts.Marcus B.Hester -1983 - Upa.detailsTo find out more information about Rowman & Littlefield titles please visit us at www.rowmanlittlefield.com.