Sonnenenergie.Jochen Diekmann,Alfred Gierer,Hans-JürgenKrupp,Klaus Pinkau,Hans-Joachim Queisser,Fritz Peter Schäfer,Helmut Schaefer,Karl Stephan,Dieter Weiß &Horst Tobias Witt -1991 - de Gruyter.detailsThe book (in German) on “Solar Energy – challenge for research, development and international co-operation” is the report of a study group of the Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin. It reviews solar thermal, photovoltaic, and bio mimetic solar energy techniques; prospects of de-central techniques in developing countries; transport and storage of solar energy; and chances for cooperation with Arabic countries and countries of the South of the former Soviet Union. The prospect of large scale energy production in arid areas, and (...) the modern potentials of conducting electricity over long distances by high-voltage DC transmission (V, 2.1) are particularly relevant for the concluding section. Political chances as well as risks were considered for reliable long term cooperation with various Arab countries on these issues. The recommendations appear to be still appropriate 25 years after the book was published, particularly the political advice in favour of cooperation between Europe and suitable countries of the Maghreb. The global time scale of implementation (discussed in chapter I, 7.2) is of the same (high) magnitude as that of other major changes in the history of technology, such as the substitution of sailing ships by steamboats which took almost a century. (shrink)
Bottom Up Ethics - Neuroenhancement in Education and Employment.Hub Zwart,Márton Varju,Vincent Torre,Helge Torgersen,Winnie Toonders,Han Somsen,Ilina Singh,Simone Seyringer,Júlio Santos,Judit Sándor,Núria Saladié,Gema Revuelta,Alexandre Quintanilha,Salvör Nordal,Anna Meijknecht,Sheena Laursen,Nicole Kronberger,Christian Hofmaier,Elisabeth Hildt,Juergen Hampel,Peter Eduard,Rui Cunha,Agnes Allansdottir,George Gaskell &Imre Bard -2018 -Neuroethics 11 (3):309-322.detailsNeuroenhancement involves the use of neurotechnologies to improve cognitive, affective or behavioural functioning, where these are not judged to be clinically impaired. Questions about enhancement have become one of the key topics of neuroethics over the past decade. The current study draws on in-depth public engagement activities in ten European countries giving a bottom-up perspective on the ethics and desirability of enhancement. This informed the design of an online contrastive vignette experiment that was administered to representative samples of 1000 respondents (...) in the ten countries and the United States. The experiment investigated how the gender of the protagonist, his or her level of performance, the efficacy of the enhancer and the mode of enhancement affected support for neuroenhancement in both educational and employment contexts. Of these, higher efficacy and lower performance were found to increase willingness to support enhancement. A series of commonly articulated claims about the individual and societal dimensions of neuroenhancement were derived from the public engagement activities. Underlying these claims, multivariate analysis identified two social values. The Societal/protective highlights counter normative consequences and opposes the use enhancers. The Individual/proactionary highlights opportunities and supports use. For most respondents these values are not mutually exclusive. This suggests that for many neuroenhancement is viewed simultaneously as a source of both promise and concern. (shrink)
Bottom Up Ethics - Neuroenhancement in Education and Employment.Imre Bard,George Gaskell,Agnes Allansdottir,Rui Vieira da Cunha,Peter Eduard,Juergen Hampel,Elisabeth Hildt,Christian Hofmaier,Nicole Kronberger,Sheena Laursen,Anna Meijknecht,Salvör Nordal,Alexandre Quintanilha,Gema Revuelta,Núria Saladié,Judit Sándor,Júlio Borlido Santos,Simone Seyringer,Ilina Singh,Han Somsen,Winnie Toonders,Helge Torgersen,Vincent Torre,Márton Varju &Hub Zwart -2018 -Neuroethics 11 (3):309-322.detailsNeuroenhancement involves the use of neurotechnologies to improve cognitive, affective or behavioural functioning, where these are not judged to be clinically impaired. Questions about enhancement have become one of the key topics of neuroethics over the past decade. The current study draws on in-depth public engagement activities in ten European countries giving a bottom-up perspective on the ethics and desirability of enhancement. This informed the design of an online contrastive vignette experiment that was administered to representative samples of 1000 respondents (...) in the ten countries and the United States. The experiment investigated how the gender of the protagonist, his or her level of performance, the efficacy of the enhancer and the mode of enhancement affected support for neuroenhancement in both educational and employment contexts. Of these, higher efficacy and lower performance were found to increase willingness to support enhancement. A series of commonly articulated claims about the individual and societal dimensions of neuroenhancement were derived from the public engagement activities. Underlying these claims, multivariate analysis identified two social values. The Societal/Protective highlights counter normative consequences and opposes the use enhancers. The Individual/Proactionary highlights opportunities and supports use. For most respondents these values are not mutually exclusive. This suggests that for many neuroenhancement is viewed simultaneously as a source of both promise and concern. (shrink)
How much dentists are ethically concerned about overtreatment; a vignette-based survey in Switzerland.Ali Kazemian,Isabelle Berg,Christina Finkel,Shahram Yazdani,Hans-Florian Zeilhofer,Philipp Juergens &Stella Reiter-Theil -2015 -BMC Medical Ethics 16 (1):43.detailsOvertreatment is when medical or dental services are provided with a higher volume or cost than is appropriate. This study aimed to investigate how a group of dentists in Switzerland, a wealthy country known to have high standards of healthcare including dentistry, evaluated the meaning of unnecessary treatments from an ethical perspective and, assessed the expected frequency of different possible behaviors among their peers.
Diller über "Emotion" vs. "Passion" bei Descartes – und über zwei grundsätzlich verschiedene Begriffe von "Begriff".Daniel Dohrn -2012 -Archiv für Begriffsgeschichte 54:85-90.detailsDrawing on a rich digitalized corpus of early modern texts,Hans-Juergen Diller argues that the concepts expressed by the English words >passion emotion emotion passion emotion<. But there are two concepts of a concept. According to the first, the meaning of a word expressing a concept is not sharply distinguished from the complete discourse in which it figures. According to the second, meaning is more narrow. For instance, it is restricted to the explicit definition an author provides. I show (...) that Descartes provides an explicit definition of passion and emotion in purely physical, a-moral terms. So Diller's method is not apt to trace concepts in the second, more restricted sense which Descartes himself has in mind. (shrink)
Sacralization and Desacralization: Political Domination and Religious Interpretation.Hans Joas -2016 -Journal of the Society of Christian Ethics 36 (2):25-42.detailsIn my writings on the history of human rights, the Axial Age, and the genesis of values, I have treated the experience of self-transcendence and the attribution of sacredness as a fundamental anthropological phenomenon. But this fundamental fact of ideal formation has a flip side: The sacralization of particular meanings is originally always also the sacralization of a collectivity. This I call the danger of self-sacralization. In this contribution I offer a brief, historically oriented sociological sketch of the tensions between (...) “religion” and “politics” in light of this assumption, discuss H. Richard Niebuhr’s relevance for this area of study, and illustrate my thesis with regard to contemporary cases where the danger of self-sacralization is particularly urgent. (shrink)
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The Agder story.Hans Chr Garmann Johnsen,Hans Kjetil Lysgaard,Gro Kvaale,Jens Kristian Fosse,Roger Normann &James Karlsen -2005 -AI and Society 19 (4):430-441.detailsThis article introduces the work of the research team in Agder, providing a context for the seven following articles. The writers have been personally engaged in the processes which they describe, and seek to draw general conclusions from their experience. Agder is a prosperous region, which has not experienced crisis, and is able to devote considerable resources to regional development.
It’s a Smart World? An Architectural Reflection on Smart Cities through Hannah Arendt’s Notion of the World.Hans Teerds -2023 -Arendt Studies 6:89-118.detailsThis paper challenges the ideas beyond the application of smart technology in the urban environment by investigating the proposal for the waterfront of Toronto by Sidewalk Labs. Although the project has been cancelled in the first months of the COVID pandemic outbreak, it still offers a valuable case study, as it was developed by Sidewalk Labs, part of Alphabet Inc, the company behind, among others, Google. This paper focusses on the spatial, material, and political aspects of the proposal, which are (...) investigated through an architectural reading of Hannah Arendt’s notion of the world. The paper reflects on the public spaces in the plan, and in particular to the ambition to make these spaces “responsive” to popular demand. This ideal is inherent to the most far-fledged convictions beyond smart cities. In contradiction to its promising images and wild ideas, this paper concludes that it silences the participants and diminishes the possibility of active participation in the built environment. (shrink)
O konieczności systematycznego i historycznego uprawiania etyki filozoficznej.Hans Michael Baumgartner -1988 -Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Philosophica. Ethica-Aesthetica-Practica 6:45-56.detailsDie Frage nach dem Verhältnis von Moral und Philosphie der Moral stellt sich für den Verfasser als Frage nach dor Notwendigkeit einer philosophischen Ethik sowohl grundsätzlich wie insbesondere heute. In dem Beitrag wird gezeigt, daß in zweierlei Hinsicht mit Recht und triftigen Gründen von der Notwendigkeit einer philosophischen Ethik gesprochen werden kann: 1) in Hinblick auf das systematische Verhältn is von Moral und philosophischer Ethik und 2) im Hinblick auf das geschichtliche Verhältnis beider, das durch die Strukturunserer gegenwärtigen Lebenswelt begründet (...) ist. Die grundlegende den Rahmen für die anderen vorgebende These des Aufsatzes lautet: Philosophische Ethik ist aufgrund der allgemeinen Züge, Bedingungen und Folgeerscheinungen demokratisch verfaßter hochkomplexer Industriegesellschaften struktur-funktional notwendig, da Gesellschaften dieses Typs eine notwendigerweise amorphe Öffentlichkeit ausbilden und wegen des Verlustes allgemein verbindlicher Weltbilder sowie durch die zwangsläufige Partikulariesierung der Lebensverhältnisse, die eine Privatiserung der Religionen im Gefolge hat, eine Lebensbedrohende Dialektik von Pluralismus der Moralen und abstrakter Einheitsmoral erzeugen. (shrink)
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Condillac l'origine du langage.Hans Arsleff (ed.) -2002 - Paris: Presses universitaires de France.detailsQuel rapport l'esprit entretient-il avec le langage? La parole suffit-elle à expliquer le progrès des connaissances humaines? Peut-on décrire l'activité de l'esprit selon le principe d'une liaison de signes? Tirant méthodiquement parti des savoirs de son temps, Condillac analyse les liens de l'esprit et du langage d'une façon qui anticipe étonnamment la nôtre. Sa démonstration de l'origine naturelle du langage humain est l'occasion d'une rupture avec les explications théologiques des relations de l'esprit et du langage aussi bien qu'avec la fantasmagorie (...) qui accompagne le matérialisme mécaniste. Le présent volume cherche à éclairer le naturalisme de Condillac, particulièrement dans sa dimension logique, dont les implications philosophiques préfigurent les problématiques les plus contemporaines de philosophie de l'esprit : il nous appartient encore de savoir si le langage est naturel et jusqu'où il peut l'être. (shrink)
Irenaeus, Derrida and Hospitality: On the Eschatological Overcoming of Violence.Hans Boersma -2003 -Modern Theology 19 (2):163-180.detailsGod's hospitality or welcome of human beings into eternal life can be approached by means of Western or Eastern strategies. I explore Derrida's understanding of "pure hospitality", which contains parallels with apophatic theology. I then appeal to Irenaeus's eschatology, which exhibits a fruitful tension between kataphatic and apophatic elements, to provide a transcendent warrant for human hospitality. On the one hand, the Bishop's millenarian opposition to Gnosticism implies the continuation of the substance of creation in the eternal Kingdom. On the (...) other hand, Irenaeus's emphasis on deification and visio Dei suggests a future of "pure hospitality" and openness. (shrink)
(2 other versions)Philosophy: a guide to the reference literature.Hans Edward Bynagle -1986 - Littleton, Colo.: Libraries Unlimited.detailsThoroughly revised and expanded, this guide to the reference literature is the only up-to-date guide in the field and is by far the most extensively annotated. It covers all areas of Western and Eastern philosophy, emphasizing recent English-language publications but including some older and foreign-language sources. More than 450 reference works, about a third of them new to this edition, are listed, described, and often evaluated. Special chapters cover core periodicals and major organizations and research centers. Designed as an aid (...) in reference work and collection development for librarians, this book will also be of interest to theologians, professional philosophers, philosophy instructors, and philosophy students. (shrink)