Results for 'Grant30 Ramsey'
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- Organisms, Traits, and Population Subdivisions: Two Arguments against the Causal Conception of Fitness?Grant30Ramsey -2013 -British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 64 (3):589-608.A major debate in the philosophy of biology centers on the question of how we should understand the causal structure of natural selection. This debate is polarized into the causal and statistical positions. The main arguments from the statistical side are that a causal construal of the theory of natural selection's central concept, fitness, either (i) leads to inaccurate predictions about population dynamics, or (ii) leads to an incoherent set of causal commitments. In this essay, I argue that neither the (...) predictive inaccuracy nor the incoherency arguments successfully undermine the causal account of fitness. 1 Introduction2 The Importance of Trait Fitness3 Trait Fitness is not a Silver Bullet4 The Fundamental Incoherency Argument5 Car Racing and Trait Fitness Reversals6 Population Subdivisions and Evolution7 The STP and the Argument for the Incoherency of the Causal Account of Fitness8 Conclusions. (shrink)
- Self, Religion and Metaphysics.I. T.Ramsey -1963 -Philosophical Quarterly 13 (52):273-274.No categories
- The Essential PaulRamsey: A Collection.PaulRamsey (ed.) -1994 - Yale University Press.PaulRamsey was one of the most important ethicists of the twentieth century. From the publication of his classic Basic Christian Ethics in 1950 until his death in 1988, his writings decisively shaped moral discourse and reflection in the areas of theology, law, politics, and medicine. This collection ofRamsey's most important essays on Christian, political, and medical ethics displays the scope and depth of his vision, highlighting both the character of his theological commitments and the continuing significance (...) of his work for the pressing moral problems of our day. Selections deal with such issues as race relations, sexuality and marriage, war, the meaning of Christian love, abortion, and medical care for the sick and dying. A general introduction by William Werpehowski and Stephen D. Crocco evaluatesRamsey's career and accomplishments and reviews contemporary criticism of his output and legacy. Shorter introductions to each selection point out crucial themes and lines of development inRamsey's thought. (shrink)
- F. P.Ramsey: Philosophical Papers.F. P.Ramsey -1990 - Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Edited by D. H. Mellor.A compilation of all previously published writings on philosophy and the foundations of mathematics from the greatest of the generation of Cambridge scholars that included G.E. Moore, Bertrand Russell, Ludwig Wittgenstein and Maynard Keynes.No categories
- On Truth: Original Manuscript Materials (1927–1929) From theRamsey Collection at the University of Pittsburgh.Frank PlumptonRamsey -1990 - Dordrecht, Netherland: Springer.The present publication forms part of a projected book that F. P.Ramsey drafted but never completed. It survived among his papers and ultimately came into the possession of the University of Pittsburgh in the circumstances detailed in the Editor's Introduction. Our hope in issuing this work at this stage - some sixty years afterRamsey's premature death at the age of 26 - is both to provide yet another token of his amazing philosophical creativity, and also to (...) make available an important datum for the still to be written history of the development of philosophical analysis. This is a book whose appearance will, we hope and expect, be appreciated both by those interested in linguistic philosophy itself and by those concerned for its historical development in the present century. EDITORS'INTRODUCTION 1. THERAMSEY COLLECTION Frank Plump tonRamsey was an extra ordinary scholarly phenomenon. Son of a distinguished mathematician and President of Magdalene College, Cambridge and brother of Arthur Michael, eventual Archbishop of Canterbury,Ramsey was closely connected with Cambridge throughout his life, ultimately becoming lecturer in Mathematics in the University. Notwithstanding his great mathematical talent, it was primarily logic and philosophy that engaged his interests, and he wrote original and important contributions to logic, semantics, epistomology, probability theory, philosophy of science, and economics, in addition to seminal work in the foundations of mathematics. (shrink)No categories
- Chance in Evolution.GrantRamsey &Charles H. Pence (eds.) -2016 - Chicago: University of Chicago.Evolutionary biology since Darwin has seen a dramatic entrenchment and elaboration of the role of chance in evolution. It is nearly impossible to discuss contemporary evolutionary theory in any depth at all without making reference to at least some concept of “chance” or “randomness.” Many processes are described as chancy, outcomes are characterized as random, and many evolutionary phenomena are thought to be best described by stochastic or probabilistic models. Chance is taken by various authors to be central to the (...) understanding of fitness, genetic drift, macroevolution, mutation, foraging theory, and environmental variation, to take but a few examples. And for each of these notions, there are yet more stories to tell. Each weaves itself into the various branches of evolutionary theory in myriad different ways, with a wide variety of effects on the history and current state of life on Earth. Each is grounded in a particular trajectory in the history of philosophy and the history of biology, and has inspired a variety of responses throughout science and culture. This book endeavors to offer a cross-section of biological, historical, philosophical, and theological approaches to understanding chance in evolutionary theory. (shrink)
- Adjacency-Faithfulness and Conservative Causal Inference.JosephRamsey,Jiji Zhang &Peter Spirtes -2006 - In R. Dechter & T. Richardson,Proceedings of the Twenty-Second Conference Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence (2006). AUAI Press. pp. 401-408.Most causal discovery algorithms in the literature exploit an assumption usually referred to as the Causal Faithfulness or Stability Condition. In this paper, we highlight two components of the condition used in constraint-based algorithms, which we call “Adjacency-Faithfulness” and “Orientation- Faithfulness.” We point out that assuming Adjacency-Faithfulness is true, it is possible to test the validity of Orientation- Faithfulness. Motivated by this observation, we explore the consequence of making only the Adjacency-Faithfulness assumption. We show that the familiar PC algorithm has (...) to be modified to be correct under the weaker, Adjacency-Faithfulness assumption. The modified algorithm, called Conservative PC (CPC), checks whether Orientation- Faithfulness holds in the orientation phase, and if not, avoids drawing certain causal conclusions the PC algorithm would draw. Howtion: ever, if the stronger, standard causal Faith-. (shrink)
- (1 other version)Words about God.Ian T.Ramsey -1972 -Religious Studies 8 (3):288-288.
- (1 other version)The Foundations of Mathematics and Other Logical Essays.Frank PlumptonRamsey -1925 - London, England: Routledge & Kegan Paul. Edited by R. B. Braithwaite.First published in 2000. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
- (1 other version)On Truth, Original Manuscripts Materials from theRamsey Collection at the University of Pittsburgh.Frank PlumptonRamsey,Nicholas Rescher,Ulrich Majer &Maria Carla Galavotti -1994 -Synthese 101 (1):121-127.No categories
- The Semiosis of “Side Effects” in Genetic Interventions.Ramsey Affifi -2016 -Biosemiotics 9 (3):345-364.Genetic interventions, which include transgenic engineering, gene editing, and other forms of genome modification aimed at altering the information “in” the genetic code, are rapidly increasing in power and scale. Biosemiotics offers unique tools for understanding the nature, risks, scope, and prospects of such technologies, though few in the community have turned their attention specifically in this direction. Bruni is an important exception. In this paper, I examine how we frame the concept of “side effects” that result from genetic interventions (...) and how the concept stands up to current perspectives of the role of organism activity in development. I propose that once the role of living systems in constructing and modifying the informational value of their various developmental resources is taken into account, the concept of a “side effect” will need to be significantly revised. Far from merely a disturbance brought about in a senseless albeit complex system, a biosemiotic view would take “side effects” as at least sometimes the organism’s active re-organization in order to accommodate or make use of novelty. This insight is nascent in the work of developmental plasticity and niche construction theory, but it is brought into sharper focus by the explicitly interpretive perspective offered by biosemiotics. Understanding the “side effects” of genetic interventions depends in part on being able to articulate when and where unexpected consequences are a result of semiotic activity at various levels within the system. While a semiotic interpretation of “side effects” puts into question the naive attitude that would see all unintended side effects as indications of disturbance in system functionality, it certainly does not imply that such side effects are of no concern for the viability of the organisms in the system. As we shall see, the fact that such interventions do not respect the translation of information that occurs in multi-level biological systems ensures that disruption is still likely. But it does unprivilege the human agent as the sole generator of meaning and information in the products of biotechnology, with important consequences on how we understand our relationship with other species. (shrink)
- Beauty in the Darkness: Aesthetic Education in the Ecological Crisis.Ramsey Affifi -2020 -Journal of Philosophy of Education 54 (4):1126-1138.Journal of Philosophy of Education, EarlyView.
- Philosophy of phenomena.George M'IlvaineRamsey -1897 - Boston: Banner of Light Publishing Co..I. Metaphysical phenomena -- II. Physical phenomena.
- Transversal Rationality, Rhetoric, and the Imagination: Probability and Contingency in Experience and Judgment.R. E.Ramsey -1998 -Analecta Husserliana 53:97-108.No categoriesExport citation
Bookmark - Order and History. Vol. I, Israel and Revelation.PaulRamsey -1957 -Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 18 (3):406-407.No categories
- Learning Plants: Semiosis Between the Parts and the Whole. [REVIEW]Ramsey Affifi -2013 -Biosemiotics 6 (3):547-559.In this article, I explore plant semiosis with a focus on plant learning. I distinguish between the scales and levels of learning conceivable in phytosemiosis, and identify organism-scale learning as the distinguishing question for plant semiosis. Since organism-scale learning depends on organism-scale semiosis, I critically review the arguments regarding whole-plant functional cycles. I conclude that they have largely relied on Uexküllian biases that have prevented an adequate interpretation of modern plant neurobiology. Through an examination of trophic growth in plant roots, (...) I expose some conceptual difficulties in attributing functional cycles to whole-plants. I conclude that the mapping of resource areas in the root system is a learning activity requiring higher-scale sign activity than is possible at the cellular scale, strongly suggesting the presence of organism-scale functional cycles. I do, however, question whether all perception-action cycles in organisms are accompanied with organism-scale semiosis. (shrink)
- General Propositions and Causality.Frank PlumptonRamsey -1925 - InThe Foundations of Mathematics and Other Logical Essays. London, England: Routledge & Kegan Paul. pp. 237-255.This article rebutsRamsey's earlier theory, in 'Universals of Law and of Fact', of how laws of nature differ from other true generalisations. It argues that our laws are rules we use in judging 'if I meet an F I shall regard it as a G'. This temporal asymmetry is derived from that of cause and effect and used to distinguish what's past as what we can know about without knowing our present intentions.
- Generativity in biology.Ramsey Affifi -2015 -Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences 14 (1):149-162.The behavior of an organism, according to Merleau-Ponty, lays out a milieu through which significant phenomena of varying degrees of optimality elicit adjustment. This leads to the dialectical co-emergence of milieu and aptitude that is both the product and the condition of life. What is present as a norm soliciting optimization is species-specific, but it also depends on the needs of the organism and its prior experience. Although a rich entry point into biological phenomenology, Merleau-Ponty’s work does not adequately describe (...) milieu–aptitude development in interactions between organisms, but it can be assisted through employing Husserl’s three levels of analysis identified by Steinbock, extending all three modes into the biological world. In particular, generative analyses can address inter-organismal behavioral structures slighted in Merleau-Ponty’s work. Generative phenomenology is concerned with the cultural, historical, and intersubjective constitution of human experience and is generally thought to be solely of value in examining the structure of human phenomenality. However, the possibility of human generativity presupposes structures produced widely in the biological world. Ecological, embryogenic, and evolutionary development already depend on protocultural and historical processes creating and created through intercorporeal interaction. After developing the concept of biological generativity through a consideration of plant ecology, mammalian embryology, and insect mimicry, I conclude with implications for humans, who can participate in biological generativity not merely phenomenally, but phenomenologically. (shrink)
- The Educational Significance of Human and Non‐Human Animal Interactions: Blurring the Species Line.Ramsey Affifi -2018 -Educational Theory 68 (2):243-250.
- Contemporary Philosophy and the Christian Faith: I. T.RAMSEY.I. T.Ramsey -1965 -Religious Studies 1 (1):47-61.I am not so insular and I hope not so presumptuous as to suppose that there is no contemporary philosophy apart from that empiricism which dominates very much of Great Britain, North America and Scandinavia. So let us notice that contemporary philosophy embraces broadly three points of view, though it will be part of my argument that they largely combine in the lessons they have to teach us, and in many of their implications for theology.
- Personality and Science an Interdisciplinary Discussion. Edited by I.T.Ramsey and Ruth Porter.Ian T.Ramsey &Ruth Porter -1971 - C. Livingstone.Export citation Bookmark
- The Study of Religion in Colleges and Universities.P.Ramsey,John F. Wilson,U. Bianchi,C. J. Bleeker &A. Bausani -1973 -Religious Studies 9 (3):371-373.Export citation Bookmark
- Review of PaulRamsey:The Limits of Nuclear War. [REVIEW]PaulRamsey -1964 -Ethics 75 (1):71-73.
- Ramsey and McCormick, Revisited.PaulRamsey -1987 -Hastings Center Report 17 (1):39-39.
- Truth and probability.FrankRamsey -1931 - In Braithwaite R. B.,The Foundations of Mathematics and Other Logical Essays. Routledge Kegan & Paul. pp. 156–98.No categories
- Trait bin and trait cluster accounts of human nature.GrantRamsey -2018 - In Elizabeth Hannon & Tim Lewens,Why We Disagree About Human Nature. Oxford: Oxford University Press.No categories
- (1 other version)Foundations: Essays in Philosophy, Logic, Mathematics, and Economics.Frank PlumptonRamsey &D. H. Mellor (eds.) -1931 - Atlantic Highlands, N.J.: Humanties Press; Routledge.
- Block Fitness.GrantRamsey -2006 -Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C: Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences 37 (3):484-498.There are three related criteria that a concept of fitness should be able to meet: it should render the principle of natural selection non-tautologous and it should be explanatory and predictive. I argue that for fitness to be able to fulfill these criteria, it cannot be a property that changes over the course of an individual's life. Rather, I introduce a fitness concept--Block Fitness--and argue that an individual's genes and environment fix its fitness in such a way that each individual's (...) fitness has a fixed value over its lifetime. (shrink)
- What eliminative materialism isn’t.William M.Ramsey -2021 -Synthese 199 (3-4):11707-11728.In this paper my aim is to get clearer on what eliminative materialism actually does and does not entail. I look closely at one cluster of views that is often described as a form of eliminativism in contemporary philosophy and cognitive science and try to show that this characterization is a mistake. More specifically, I look at conceptions of eliminativism recently endorsed by writers such as Edouard Machery, Paul Griffiths, Valerie Hardcastle and others, and argue that although these views do (...) endorse the elimination of something, they offer only what I will call a sort of category dissolution, and should be treated as something altogether different from traditional eliminativism. Spelling out the main contrast between eliminative materialism proper and this alternative view, and defending the need to keep them distinct, is my primary objective. As I show, a central irony is that proponents of the problematic outlook often insist that divergent things should not be classified together under a single label. By characterizing their own views as a form of eliminativism, they commit a fundamental error that they themselves argue should not be made. While my focus here is on eliminative materialism, the error I intend to highlight appears across various discussions about alleged eliminativism of all sorts of things. (shrink)No categories
- Construction by reduction.Jeffry L.Ramsey -1995 -Philosophy of Science 62 (1):1-20.Scientists employ a variety of procedures to eliminate degrees of freedom from computationally and/or analytically intractable equations. In the process, they often construct new models and discover new concepts, laws and functional relations. I argue these procedures embody a central notion of reduction, namely, the containment of one structure within another. However, their inclusion in the philosophical concept of reduction necessitates a reevaluation of many standard assumptions about the ontological, epistemological and functional features of a reduction. On the basis of (...) the reevaluation, I advocate a continuum of reduction which proceeds from the eliminative to the constructive. The metaphysical aspects of theory use in constructive reductions are sketched. (shrink)
- Philosophical papers.Frank PlumptonRamsey -1925 - New York: Cambridge University Press. Edited by D. H. Mellor.FrankRamsey was the greatest of the remarkable generation of Cambridge philosophers and logicians which included G. E. Moore, Bertrand Russell, Ludwig Wittgenstein and Maynard Keynes. Before his tragically early death in 1930 at the age of twenty-six, he had done seminal work in mathematics and economics as well as in logic and philosophy. This volume, with a new and extensive introduction by D. H. Mellor, contains allRamsey's previously published writings on philosophy and the foundations of mathematics. (...) The latter gives the definitive form and defence of the reduction of mathematics to logic undertaken in Russell and Whitehead's Principia Mathematica; the former includes the most profound and original studies of universals, truth, meaning, probability, knowledge, law and causation, all of which are still constantly referred to, and still essential reading for all serious students of these subjects. (shrink)
- Probability and Partial Belief.Frank PlumptonRamsey -1961 - In John Langshaw Austin,Philosophical Papers. Oxford, England: Clarendon Press. pp. 95-96.This note is a postscript toRamsey's 'Truth and Probability'. It replaces that article's psychological reading of subjective probability with a reading of it as a consistency condition on the theory that we act to maximise expected utility.
- Karen Lee Lindsley 1938-1976.PaulRamsey -1976 -Proceedings and Addresses of the American Philosophical Association 50 (2):135 - 136.No categories
- Miracles; An Exercise in Logical Mapwork.Ian T.Ramsey -1954 -British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 4 (16):349-350.Export citation Bookmark
- The truth of value: a defense of moral and literary judgment.PaulRamsey -1985 - Atlantic Highlands, NJ: Humanities Press.
- What are reaction time indices of automatic imitation measuring?RichardRamsey -2018 -Consciousness and Cognition 65:240-254.
- The Paradox of Empathy.Ramsey McNabb -2005 -Philosophy Now 52:7-9.
- Why You Shouldn’t Be A Person Of Principle.Ramsey Mcnabb -2007 -Philosophy Now 60:26-29.
- Ethical Ideologies and Older Consumer Perceptions of Unethical Sales Tactics.Rosemary P.Ramsey,Greg W. Marshall,Mark W. Johnston &Dawn R. Deeter-Schmelz -2007 -Journal of Business Ethics 70 (2):191-207.Demographic differences among consumer groups have become increasingly important to the development of marketing strategies. Marketers depend heavily on the sales force to implement strategies at the consumer level and, not surprisingly, different groups may view the salesperson’s role differently. Unfortunately, unethical sales practices targeted at various consumer groups, and especially at seniors, have been utilized as well. The purpose of this study is to provide initial empirical evidence of the ethical ideological make-up of four age segments outlined by Strauss (...) and Howe (1991, Generations: The History of America’s Future 1584–2069, Morrow, New York) and to examine the propensity for these groups (seniors, in particular) to respond differentially to potentially unethical sales tactics. Data were collected from 179 respondents representing the four generational age groups. MANOVA revealed that the seniors in this study were distinct with respect to ethical ideology and less accepting of unethical sales tactics. Managerial implications are discussed for sales organizations to maximize their effectiveness across consumer groups. (shrink)
- A Letter to James Gustafson.PaulRamsey -1985 -Journal of Religious Ethics 13 (1):71 - 100.
- Christian empiricism.Ian T.Ramsey -1974 - London,: Sheldon Press. Edited by Jerry H. Gill.
- New Essays in Philosophical Theology.I. T.Ramsey -1957 -Philosophical Quarterly 7 (27):185-187.No categories
- (1 other version)The Just War: Force and Political Responsibility.PaulRamsey -1983 - Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.In the wake of Operation Desert Storm, the question of 'just war' has become a hotly contested issue, and this classic text on war and the ethics of modern statecraft written at the height of the Vietnam era in 1968 speaks to a new generation of readers. In defending just war against Christian pacifism,Ramsey joins a line of theological reasoning that traces its antecedents to Saint Augustine and Saint Thomas Aquinas.Ramsey argues that decisions regarding war must (...) be governed by 'political prudence.' Whether a particular war should be fought, and at what level of violence, depends,Ramsey writes, on one's count of the moral costs and benefits. Characterized by a sophisticated yet back-to-basics approach, his analysis begins with the assumption that force is a fact in political life which must either be reckoned with or succumbed to. He then grapples with modern challenges to traditional moral principles of 'just conduct' in war, the 'morality of deterrence,' and a 'just war theory of statecraft.'. (shrink)
- Children as Research Subjects: A Reply.PaulRamsey -1977 -Hastings Center Report 7 (2):40.
- Words About God: The Philosophy of Religion.Ian T.Ramsey -2011 - Wipf and Stock Publishers.Ian T.Ramsey (1915-1972) was former Bishop of Durham, County Durham, England, and also served as Nolloth Professor of the Philosophy of the Christian Religion at Oxford University, He was also the author of Religious Language, Models for Divine Activity, and Words About God.No categories
- Truth and probability.FrankRamsey -2010 - In Antony Eagle,Philosophy of Probability: Contemporary Readings. New York: Routledge. pp. 52-94.
- The function of consciousness in multisensory integration.Terry D. Palmer &Ashley K.Ramsey -2012 -Cognition 125 (3):353-364.
- Intuitions as Evidence Facilitators.WilliamRamsey -2019 -Metaphilosophy 50 (1-2):76-99.There is currently an important debate about whether philosophical intuitions are intended as evidence for the theories philosophers promote. On one side are those who argue that philosophers do rely on intuitions as evidence; on the other side are those who deny any such role for philosophical intuitions. This paper argues that both sides of this debate are partially right and partially wrong. Intuitive judgments do not, as psychological states, function as evidence in most well-known philosophical thought experiments. Philosophers nevertheless (...) strongly depend upon these intuitive judgments. Where both sides go awry is in assuming that the importance of intuitive judgments rests solely upon their role as evidence. We need to distinguish between evidence, as such, from various nonevidential psychological states that are needed for something else to serve as evidence. The paper calls these latter conditions “evidence facilitators” and argues that intuitive judgments belong in this category. (shrink)No categories
- (1 other version)The Foundations of Mathematics and Other Logical Essays.Frank PlumptonRamsey &R. B. Braithwaite -1931 -Philosophy 7 (25):84-86.No categories
- Some Rejoinders.PaulRamsey -1976 -Journal of Religious Ethics 4 (2):185-237.The author responds to the interpretations and criticisms of his thought as presented in the eleven essays in "Love and Society: Essays in the Ethics of PaulRamsey ". He defends and refines his position on ethical theory, war and political ethics and medical ethics.
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David Bourget (Western Ontario)
David Chalmers (ANU, NYU)
Area Editors:
David Bourget
Gwen Bradford
Berit Brogaard
Margaret Cameron
David Chalmers
James Chase
Rafael De Clercq
Ezio Di Nucci
Esa Diaz-Leon
Barry Hallen
Hans Halvorson
Jonathan Ichikawa
Monte Johnson
Michelle Kosch
Øystein Linnebo
Paul Livingston
Brandon Look
Manolo Martínez
Matthew McGrath
Michiru Nagatsu
Susana Nuccetelli
Giuseppe Primiero
Jack Alan Reynolds
Darrell P. Rowbottom
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