Results for 'Gerald R. Lang'
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- An Enquiry Into Moral Realism.Gerald R. B.Lang -1994
- Other Minds, Others' Interests: An Essay on the Foundations of Ethics.Gerald R. B.Lang -1998
- How We Fight: Ethics in War.Helen Frowe &Gerald R.Lang (eds.) -2014 - Oxford: Oxford University Press.How We Fight: Ethics in War contains ten groundbreaking essays by some of the leading philosophers of war. The essays offer new perspectives on key debates including pacifism, punitive justifications for war, the distribution of risk between combatants and non-combatants, the structure of 'just war theory', and bases of individual liability in war.
- Control of the early activation genes of T lymphocytes.Gerald R. Crabtree &David Durand -1986 -Bioessays 5 (5):220-222.Binding of antigen or lectin to the surface of a T lymphocyte initiates a complex sequence of events which result in both T cell proliferation and the acquisition of immunologic functions. This complex sequence of events is most likely programmed and precisely timed by a series of contingent gene activations in which one member of this series activates the next. The two most obvious examples of these stages are the set of genes activated when antigen interacts with the antigen receptor (...) and the set of genes activated when IL‐2 interacts with its receptor. However, it is likely that several other parallel pathways of gene activation are necessary to bring about T‐cell division. An example would be the antigen‐induced activation of the c‐myc gene, which in turn is likely to be involved in regulating an additional group of genes not directly controlled by either IL‐2 or antigen. A fundamental understanding of T‐lymphocyte activation necessitates identification of the factors involved in initiating each of these contingent levels of gene activation. (shrink)
- The Cambridge Platonists.Gerald R. Cragg -1968 -Religious Studies 8 (2):181-183.
- From Loyalty to Advocacy: A New Metaphor for Nursing.Gerald R. Winslow -1984 -Hastings Center Report 14 (3):32-40.
- Integrity and compromise in nursing ethics.Gerald R. Winslow -1991 -Journal of Medicine and Philosophy 16 (3):307-323.Nurses are often caught in the middle of what appear to be intractable moral conflicts. For such times, the function and limits of moral compromise need to be explored. Compromise is compatible with moral integrity if a number of conditions are met. Among these are the sharing of a moral language, mutual respect on the part of those who differ, acknowledgement of factual and moral complexities, and recognition of limits to compromise. Nurses are in a position uniquely suited to leadership (...) in fostering an environment that makes compromise with integrity possible. Keywords: compromise, integrity, nursing ethics CiteULike Connotea Del.icio.us What's this? (shrink)
- A Different Discipline.Gerald R. Russello -1999 -Renascence 51 (3):205-215.
- Freedom for neighbor love.Gerald R. Winslow -2020 - In Philip Clayton, James W. Walters & John Martin Fischer,What's with free will?: ethics and religion after neuroscience. Eugene, Oregon: Cascade Books, an imprint of Wipf and Stock Publishers.Export citation
Bookmark - Perspectives on argumentation.Gerald R. Miller (ed.) -1966 - Chicago,: Scott, Foresman.
- The Church and the Age of Reason, 1648–1789.Gerald R. Cragg -1961No categories
- Learning from our conflicts.Gerald R. Williams -2009 - In Scott Wallace Cameron, Galen LeGrande Fletcher & Jane H. Wise,Life in the Law: Service & Integrity. J. Reuben Clark Law Society, Brigham Young University Law School.Export citation Bookmark
- Reason and Authority in the Eighteenth Century.Gerald R. Cragg -1964 - Cambridge [Eng.]: Cambridge University Press.Originally published in 1964, this book examines the influence of reason and authority upon English thought in the eighteenth century. The text relates these two concepts to movements in religious and political thought, beginning with Locke's views on faith and reason before going through various areas and finishing with the beginnings of Romanticism. The age of the Enlightenment is seen as constituted, on the one hand, by an attempt to relate all significant intellectual movements to reason and, on the other, (...) an attempt to devise proper restraints on the authority of reason. This book will be of value to anyone with an interest in philosophy, social and political thought, and eighteenth-century English history. (shrink)
- Homologous recombination promoted by Chi sites and RecBC enzyme ofEscherichia coli.Gerald R. Smith &Franklin W. Stahl -1985 -Bioessays 2 (6):244-249.Chi sites are examples of special sites enhancing homologous recombination in their region of the chromosome. Chi, 5′ G‐C‐T‐G‐G‐T‐G‐G3′, is a recognition site for the RecBC enzyme, which nicks DNA near Chi as it unwinds DNA. A molecular model of genetic recombination incorporating these features is reviewed.
- Light Against Darkness: Dualism in Ancient Mediterranean Religion and the Contemporary World.E. Meyers,R. Styers &A. Lange (eds.) -2007 - Brill Academic Publishers.Export citation Bookmark
- The politics of age discrimination in organizations.Gerald R. Ferris &Thomas R. King -1992 -Journal of Business Ethics 11 (5-6):341-350.Age discrimination, particularly in the context of performance evaluation decisions, has been a source of major concern and litigation for organizations in the past, and indications are that this area will pose serious challenges in the future. The present study attempted to delve more deeply into the process by which manifest age discrimination operates in the performance evaluation process. A conceptualization was proposed and tested which suggested that age-related influences on performance ratings operate through interpersonal distance and political influence of (...) subordinates. Results demonstrated some support for this conceptualization. (shrink)
- Pastoral care and personal-social education: entitlement and provision.R. Best,P.Lang,C. Lodge &C. Watkins -1996 -British Journal of Educational Studies 44 (1):111-112.
- Poverty, Patriotism, and National Covenant: Jonathan Edwards and Public Life.Gerald R. McDermott -2003 -Journal of Religious Ethics 31 (2):229 - 251.In this essay I address three ways in which Edwards can inform Christian understanding of public life. First I show how Edwards provides both philosophical and theological rationales for social engagement and thereby resists the separation of religion from public life, and use his consideration of poverty as an illustration. Part II examines Edwards's dialectical treatment of patriotism, demonstrating both its importance to the Christian life and its susceptibility to deceptive accommodation to culture. Finally, in Part III I discuss Edwards's (...) use of "national covenant," which despite its temptation to chauvinism Edwards used to undermine national pride. In the conclusion I assess what we can use from Edwards for contemporary Christian understandings of public life. (shrink)
- Taking Off the Blinders: The Critical Phase of Suicidality Doesn’t End With Discharge From Inpatient Treatment.Andres R. Schneeberger,Undine E.Lang,Stefan Borgwardt &Christian G. Huber -2019 -American Journal of Bioethics 19 (10):93-94.Volume 19, Issue 10, October 2019, Page 93-94.
- Reef fishes of the East Indies.Gerald R. Allen,Mark V. Erdmann,John E. Randall,Patrick Ching,Mark J. Rauzon,Leslie Ann Hayashi,M. D. Thomas,D. R. Robertson,Leighton Taylor &Marion Coste -2013 -Philosophy East and West 63 (2).
- The French Motet as Trope: Multiple Levels of Meaning in Quant florist la violete / El mois de mai / Et gaudebit.Gerald R. Hoekstra -1998 -Speculum 73 (1):32-57.The medieval motet arose around 1200 with the addition of texts to clausulae, which were polyphonic pieces of two or three parts constructed upon tenors drawn from the melismas of liturgical chants. The upper voices of three-part motets were usually given different texts. According to the traditional account, religious motets with Latin texts came first, followed soon by secular motets with French texts and bilingual double motets, but this chronological sequence has recently been called into question. There is no clear (...) evidence that French motets arose later than Latin ones, and much to suggest that French motets flourished from the beginning. In the Latin motets the texts of the upper part or parts are almost always tropes of the chant tenors. They often incorporate words from the original chants and elaborate on their meaning, just as tropes of Kyries, Alleluias, and other monophonic chants had done. The French texts, on the other hand, are pastourelles, courtly love poems, or other genres of secular poetry similar to those found in the troubadour and trouvère repertory. French motets are thus thought to be unrelated to the chant tenors upon which they are based. The fragment of chant that serves as the tenor of a French motet is seen as merely a compositional device. Its origin as part of a larger melody and text and its connection with the liturgy are irrelevant. (shrink)
- Chapter Thirteen Philosophical Foundations for A Unified Enterprise Modelling Language.Gerald R. Khoury &Simeon J. Simoff -2007 - In Soraj Hongladarom,Computing and Philosophy in Asia. Cambridge Scholars Press. pp. 191.No categoriesExport citation Bookmark
- Transfer suppression of a hunger-motivated response as a function of the number of prior escape or avoidance trials.Gerald R. Stoffer &Harold Babb -1976 -Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society 7 (5):471-474.
- Watching Coby Howard Die: Ethics, Economics and Politics in the Allocation of Medical Care.Gerald R. Winslow -1989 -Monash Bioethics Review 8 (4):14-26.No categories
- Toward a comprehensive model of antisocial development: A dynamic systems approach.Isabela Granic &Gerald R. Patterson -2006 -Psychological Review 113 (1):101-131.No categories
- Mary Anne O'Neil, William E. Cain, Christopher Wise, C. S. Schreiner, Willis Salomon, James A. Grimshaw, Jr., Donald K. Hedrick, Wendell V. Harris, Paul Duro, Julia Epstein,Gerald Prince, Douglas Robinson, Lynne S. Vieth, Richard Eldridge, Robert Stoothoff, John Anzalone, Kevin Walzer, Eric J. Ziolkowski, Jacqueline LeBlanc, Anna Carew-Miller, Alfred R. Mele, David Herman, James M.Lang, Andrew J. McKenna, Michael Calabrese, Robert Tobin, Sandor Goodhart, Moira Gatens, Paul Douglass, John F. Desmond, James L. Battersby, Marie J. Aquilino, Celia E. Weller, Joel Black, Sandra Sherman, Herman Rapaport, Jonathan Levin, Ali Abdullatif Ahmida, David Lewis Schaefer. [REVIEW]Donald Phillip Verene -1994 -Philosophy and Literature 18 (1):131.No categories
- On properly characterizing moral agency.Blaine J. Fowers,Austen R. Anderson &Samantha M.Lang -2018 -Behavioral and Brain Sciences 41.No categories
- On properly characterizing moral agency.Blaine J. Fowers,Austen R. Anderson &Samantha F.Lang -2018 -Behavioral and Brain Sciences 41.No categories
- Platonism, Theosophy, and Immaterialism: Recent Views of the Cambridge PlatonistsThe Cambridge Platonists.From Puritanism to Platonism in Seventeenth Century England.Henry More, Essai sur les doctrines theosophiques chez les Platoniciens de Cambridge. [REVIEW]C. A. Staudenbaur,Gerald R. Cragg,C. A. Patrides,James Deotis Roberts &Serge Hutin -1974 -Journal of the History of Ideas 35 (1):157.
- Direct observation of dislocations in potash alum.Sayeda H. Emara,B. R. Lawn &A. R.Lang -1969 -Philosophical Magazine 19 (157):7-12.No categories
- On properly characterizing moral agency – CORRIGENDUM.Blaine J. Fowers,Austen R. Anderson &Samantha F.Lang -2018 -Behavioral and Brain Sciences 41.No categories
- The Interpreter's Bible: Volume IX: The Acts of the Apostles.G. H. C. Macgregor,Theodore P. Ferris,John Knox &Gerald R. Graig -1954No categoriesExport citation Bookmark
- Incivility’s Relationship with Workplace Outcomes: Enactment as a Boundary Condition in Two Samples.Jeremy D. Mackey,John D. Bishoff,Shanna R. Daniels,Wayne A. Hochwarter &Gerald R. Ferris -2019 -Journal of Business Ethics 155 (2):513-528.The current two-sample investigation explores the role of enactment as a boundary condition in the relationship between experienced incivility and workplace outcomes. We integrate the tenets of the transactional model of stress and sensemaking theory to explain why enactment is a psychological sensemaking capability that can neutralize the adverse effects of experienced incivility on workplace outcomes. The results across two samples of data supported the study hypotheses by demonstrating that experienced incivility had stronger adverse effects on employees’ job satisfaction, OCBs, (...) and turnover intent for employees who reported lower levels of enactment than employees who reported higher levels of enactment. This study’s results make three important contributions to theory and research. First, we make an empirical contribution by examining enactment as a psychological sensemaking capability that can neutralize the adverse effects of experienced incivility on workplace outcomes. Second, we make a theoretical contribution by integrating the tenets of the transactional model of stress and sensemaking theory in a novel way that explains why enactment is a psychological sensemaking capability that can neutralize the adverse effects of stress on strain. Third, we demonstrate that enactment is the boundary condition that explains why incivility does not have universally adverse effects on employees’ outcomes. (shrink)
- Triple antiviral therapy with telaprevir after liver transplantation: a case series.J. Knapstein,D. Grimm,M. A. W.örns,P. R. Galle,H.Lang &T. Zimmermann -2014 -Transplant Research and Risk Management 2014.Johanna Knapstein,1 Daniel Grimm,1 Marcus A Wörns,1 Peter R Galle,1 HaukeLang,2 Tim Zimmermann111st Department of Internal Medicine, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany; 2Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, GermanyIntroduction: Hepatitis C virus reinfection occurs universally after liver transplantation, with accelerated cirrhosis rates of up to 30% within 5 years after liver transplantation. Dual antiviral therapy with pegylated interferon-2a and ribavirin only reaches sustained virological response rates of ~30% after liver transplantation. With the approval of viral (...) NS3/4A protease inhibitors telaprevir, boceprevir, and simeprevir and the NS5B polymerase inhibitor sofosbuvir, combination therapy offers new therapeutic options for HCV-infected patients, resulting in considerably higher sustained virological response rates in the nontransplant setting. Case presentation: We report three cases of TVR-based triple antiviral therapy in HCV genotype 1 reinfected patients after liver transplantation, of whom a 57-year-old Caucasian female and a 43-year-old Caucasian male were therapy naïve, and a 49-year-old Caucasian male patient was pretreated ineffectively. After 4 weeks of therapy, viral load decreased one to three log10 and became negative in weeks 6 to 8 in the therapy naïve patients. The pretreated patient showed a negative viral load in week 4. TVR was administered over 12 weeks, 750 mg thrice daily. Doses of immunosuppression with cyclosporine were reduced four to six fold. Initial peg-IFN and RBV doses ranged from 135–180 µg/week and 800–1,200 mg/day, according to the patient's body weight. Doses of peg-IFN and RBV were adapted to 90–135 µg/week and 400–800 mg/day after 2 to 12 weeks of protease inhibitor therapy. Dual therapy was continued for 36 weeks with total treatment duration of 48 weeks in the therapy naïve patients leading to a sustained virological response 12 weeks after the end of therapy. In the pretreated patient a breakthrough was detected in week 24 and therapy was discontinued. Overall, antiviral therapy was well tolerated. Side effects included dysgeusia and anemia leading to erythropoietin application and blood transfusions. Conclusion: This case series emphasizes that triple therapy with TVR is an efficient treatment for therapy naïve HCV genotype 1 reinfected patients after liver transplantation. But therapeutic options for pretreated patients require improvement. Keyword: cyclosporine, interferon, ribavirin, hepatitis C, protease inhibitor. (shrink)No categories
- The right kind of solution to the wrong kind of reason problem.GeraldLang -2008 -Utilitas 20 (4):472-489.Recent discussion of Scanlon's account of value, which analyses the value of X in terms of agents' reasons for having certain pro-attitudes or contra-attitudes towards X, has generated the problem (WKR problem): this is the problem, for the buck-passing view, of being able to acknowledge that there may be good reasons for attributing final value to X that have nothing to do with the final value that X actually possesses. I briefly review some of the existing solutions offered to the (...) WKR problem, including those by Philip Stratton-Lake and Jonas Olson, and offer a new, better one, which accommodates all the relevant cases presented in the literature. (shrink)
- Perceived correlates of illegal behavior in organizations.Terence R. Mitchell,Denise Daniels,Heidi Hopper,Jane George-Falvy &Gerald R. Ferris -1996 -Journal of Business Ethics 15 (4):439 - 455.A survey was conducted of the perceived correlates of illegal abuses in the electronics industry. Human resource directors of thirty-one firms responded to a questionnaire which assessed their perceptions of the degree to which illegal behavior was caused by (1) deficiencies in the moral character of employees (2) the clarity of expectations and standards describing illegal behavior and (3) the presence of reinforcements and punishments contingent on these behaviors. All three variables were related to the frequency of abuses in three (...) areas of organizational crime (e.g. administrative, labor, environment) and three areas of personal crime (theft, falsifying records kickbacks) as reported by the directors and/or indicated by archival records. The implications of these findings are discussed in terms of how organizations may reduce illegal activity. (shrink)
- Targeted Killing.GeraldLang -2021 - In Hugh LaFollette,International Encyclopedia of Ethics. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.Targeted killing is a subspecies of assassination, deployed against irregular combatants such as terrorists. The justification for targeted killing bypasses the usual ‘war paradigm’ and ‘criminal enforcement paradigm’, and is thus unusual. There are various ways of securing such a justification, but also a number of dangers attending these arguments.Export citation Bookmark
- Should Utilitarianism Be Scalar?GeraldLang -2013 -Utilitas 25 (1):80-95.Scalar utilitarianism, a form of utilitarianism advocated by Alastair Norcross, retains utilitarianism's evaluative commitments while dispensing with utilitarianism's deontic commitments, or its commitment to the existence or significance of moral duties, obligations and requirements. This article disputes the effectiveness of the arguments that have been used to defend scalar utilitarianism. It is contended that Norcross's central ‘Persuasion Argument’ does not succeed, and it is suggested, more positively, that utilitarians cannot easily distance themselves from deontic assessment, just as long as scalar (...) utilitarians admit – as they should do – that utilitarian evaluation generates normative reasons for action.Send article to KindleTo send this article to your Kindle, first ensure[email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about sending to your Kindle. Find out more about sending to your Kindle. Note you can select to send to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be sent to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply. Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.Should Utilitarianism Be Scalar?Volume 25, Issue 1GERALDLANG DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0953820812000295Your Kindle email address Please provide your Kindle[email protected]@kindle.com Available formats PDF Please select a format to send. By using this service, you agree that you will only keep articles for personal use, and will not openly distribute them via Dropbox, Google Drive or other file sharing services. Please confirm that you accept the terms of use. Cancel Send ×Send article to Dropbox To send this article to your Dropbox account, please select one or more formats and confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about sending content to Dropbox. Should Utilitarianism Be Scalar?Volume 25, Issue 1GERALDLANG DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0953820812000295Available formats PDF Please select a format to send. By using this service, you agree that you will only keep articles for personal use, and will not openly distribute them via Dropbox, Google Drive or other file sharing services. Please confirm that you accept the terms of use. Cancel Send ×Send article to Google Drive To send this article to your Google Drive account, please select one or more formats and confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about sending content to Google Drive. Should Utilitarianism Be Scalar?Volume 25, Issue 1GERALDLANG DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0953820812000295Available formats PDF Please select a format to send. By using this service, you agree that you will only keep articles for personal use, and will not openly distribute them via Dropbox, Google Drive or other file sharing services. Please confirm that you accept the terms of use. Cancel Send ×Export citation Request permission. (shrink)
- Strokes of Luck: A Study in Moral and Political Philosophy.GeraldLang -2021 - Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.Strokes of Luck provides a detailed and wide-ranging examination of the role of luck in moral and political philosophy. The first part tackles debates in moral luck, which are concerned with the assignment of blameworthiness to individuals who are separated only by lucky differences. ‘Anti-luckists’ think that an agent who, for example, attempts and succeeds in an assassination and an agent who attempts and fails are equally blameworthy. This book defends an ‘anti-anti-luckist’ argument, according to which the successful assassin is (...) more blameworthy than the unsuccessful one. Moreover, the successful assassin is, all things equal, a worse person than the unsuccessful one. The worldly outcomes of our acts can make an all-important difference, not only to how bad our acts can be deemed, but to how bad we are. The second part enters into debates about distributive justice. It is argued that the attempt to neutralize luck in the distribution of advantages among individuals does not deserve its prominence in political philosophy: the ‘luck egalitarian’ programme is flawed. A better way forward is to re-invest in John Rawls’s ‘justice as fairness, which demonstrates a superior way of taming the bad effects of luck and unchosen disadvantage. (shrink)
- Starting and Stopping Wars.GeraldLang -forthcoming -Pacific Philosophical Quarterly.If a warring side may fight in pursuit of an aim up to some proportionality‐respecting limit, then an important question is whether that side is morally required to stop fighting when it reaches that limit, despite not yet having attained its aim. The ‘Quota View’ answers this question affirmatively, while other views hold that the fighting may continue just as long as the projected future losses fall within certain limits. I criticize some of these other views, as well as a (...) further argument that can be distilled from these sources, and advance a qualified version of the Quota View. (shrink)
- Why Not Forfeiture?GeraldLang -2014 - In Helen Frowe and Gerald Lang,How We Fight: Ethics in War. Oxford University Press. pp. 38-61.
- The Rule‐Following Considerations and Metaethics: Some False Moves.GeraldLang -2001 -European Journal of Philosophy 9 (2):190–209.In a series of influential papers, John McDowell has argued that the rule‐following considerations explored in Wittgenstein’s later work provide support for a particularist form of moral objectivity. The article distinguishes three such arguments in McDowell’s writings, labelled the Anthropocentricism Argument, the Shapelessness Argument, and the Anti‐Humean Argument, respectively, and the author disputes the effectiveness of each of them. As far as these metaethical debates are concerned, the article concludes that the rule‐following considerations leave everything in their place.
- Invigilating Republican Liberty.GeraldLang -2012 -Philosophical Quarterly 62 (247):273-293.Republican liberty, as recently defended by Philip Pettit and Quentin Skinner, characterises liberty in terms of the absence of domination, instead of, or in addition to, the absence of interference, as favoured by Berlin-style negative liberty. This article considers several claims made on behalf of republican liberty, particularly in Pettit's and Skinner's recent writings, and finds them wanting. No relevant moral or political concern expressed by republicans, it will be contended here, fails to be accommodated by negative liberty.
- Getting on to the Same Page: War, Moral Fundamentalism, and Convention.GeraldLang -2023 -Philosophia 51 (5):2345-2355.Uwe Steinhoff’s The Ethics of War and the Force of Law contains an extended critique of ‘moral fundamentalism’, or the project of uncovering an individualist ‘deep morality’ of war governed by the same moral principles and rules that govern ordinary moral life, as well as a more positive account of war that depicts it as a social practice. Much of Steinhoff’s account is indebted to a series of claims involving the standing to blame, reciprocity, and the necessity and proportionality conditions (...) on self-defence. On all these claims, Steinhoff is open to challenge. First, he is arguably over-dependent on ‘standing to blame’ considerations. Second, his commitment to reciprocity is under-explained. Third, the necessity condition does not clearly explain how conventional elements explain the formation of defensive standards. Fourth, there are problems in explaining how the distinct defensive conventions adopted by distinct communities can actually be made to get on to the same page when these communities go to war with each other. (shrink)No categories
- A dilemma for objective act-utilitarianism.GeraldLang -2004 -Politics, Philosophy and Economics 3 (2):221-239.Act-utilitarianism comes in two standard varieties: ‘subjective’ act-utilitarianism, which tells agents to attempt to maximize utility directly, and ‘objective’ act-utilitarianism, which permits agents to use non-utilitarian decision-making procedures. This article argues that objective actutilitarianism is exposed to a dilemma. On one horn of it is the contention that objective act-utilitarianism makes inconsistent claims about the rightness of acts. On the other horn of it is the contention that objective act-utilitarianism collapses back into what is, essentially, subjective act-utilitarianism. Three objective act-utilitarian (...) responses to this dilemma are explored and rejected. The recommended conclusion is that a consistent utilitarian must either embrace subjective act-utilitarianism, or abandon act-utilitarianism altogether. Key Words: act-utilitarianism • subjective • objective • decision-making procedure • criterion of rightness • dilemma. (shrink)
- How Interesting is the “Boring Problem” for Luck Egalitarianism?GeraldLang -2015 -Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 91 (3):698-722.Imagine a two-person distributive case in which Ernest's choices yield X and Bertie's choices yield X + Y, producing an income gap between them of Y. Neither Ernest nor Bertie is responsible for this gap of Y, since neither of them has any control over what the other agent chooses. This is what Susan Hurley calls the “Boring Problem” for luck egalitarianism. Contrary to Hurley's relatively dismissive treatment of it, it is contended that the Boring Problem poses a deep problem (...) for standard luck egalitarianism. To counter it, luck egalitarianism needs to be recast as a baseline-relative theory. This new version of luck egalitarianism is then put to work against some significant problems that have been encountered by luck egalitarianism: Saul Smilansky's “Paradox of the Baseline,” the “Partiality Worry,” and the “Pluralism Worry.” But baseline-relative luck egalitarianism is not without problems of its own. (shrink)
- Introduction.GeraldLang &Ulrike Heuer -2012 - In Ulrike Heuer & Gerald Lang,Luck, Value, and Commitment: Themes from the Ethics of Bernard Williams. Oxford, GB: Oxford University Press USA. pp. 1-16.
- Against the Odds: Defending Defensive Wars.GeraldLang -forthcoming -Studia Philosophica Estonica:68-79.Most people think that Ukrainian violent resistance to the Russian invasion is morally justified, even if it turns out to be costly: it can’t be straightforwardly impermissible to resist aggression. But this verdict can be questioned. This essay looks at the ‘reasonable prospect of success’ condition in just war theory and the ‘problem of bloodless invasion’ to see whether they present the Ukrainian resistance with justificatory headaches. It is concluded that there is no principled barrier to Ukraine’s resistance, but that (...) civilian and combatant casualties must be taken into consideration. The essay also engages with the more general question of how philosophizing can help us to think about war. On this score, philosophy can help precisely for the reasons that are often the subject of complaint: it keeps a cool head, and it appeals to abstract principles. (shrink)No categories
- Numbers scepticism, equal chances and pluralism.GeraldLang &Rob Lawlor -2016 -Politics, Philosophy and Economics 15 (3):298-315.The ‘standard interpretation’ of John Taurek’s argument in ‘Should the Numbers Count?’ imputes two theses to him: first, ‘numbers scepticism’, or scepticism about the moral force of an appeal to the mere number of individuals saved in conflict cases; and second, the ‘equal greatest chances’ principle of rescue, which requires that every individual has an equal chance of being rescued. The standard interpretation is criticized here on a number of grounds. First, whilst Taurek clearly believes that equal chances are all-important, (...) he actually argues for a position weaker than the equal greatest chances principle. Second, the argument Taurek gives for the importance of equal chances ought to commit him to being more hospitable to the significance of numbers than he seems to be. Third, and as a result, Taurek should not have dismissed the significance of numbers but embraced a form of pluralism instead. Fourth, this result should be welcomed, because pluralism is more plausible than either the equal greatest chances principle or the saving the greater number principle. (shrink)
- Introduction.GeraldLang &Helen Frowe -2014 - In Helen Frowe & Gerald R. Lang,How We Fight: Ethics in War. Oxford: Oxford University Press.No categories
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David Bourget (Western Ontario)
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Area Editors:
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Gwen Bradford
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David Chalmers
James Chase
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Esa Diaz-Leon
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Jonathan Ichikawa
Monte Johnson
Michelle Kosch
Øystein Linnebo
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Brandon Look
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Matthew McGrath
Michiru Nagatsu
Susana Nuccetelli
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