Autonomy and prevention: From conflicting to complementary aims of prenatal screening.Wybo Dondorp,Guido de Wert,Ellis C. Becking,Peter G. Scheffer,Mireille Bekker &Lidewij Henneman -2025 -Bioethics 39 (3):259-266.detailsFrom an ethical point of view, there is an important distinction between two types of prenatal screening. The first of these targets maternal or foetal conditions (e.g., infectious diseases, blood group sensitization) where early detection allows for interventions that improve the chances of a healthy pregnancy outcome. The second screens for foetal conditions such as Down syndrome, where a timely diagnosis in most cases only allows for a choice between preparation for a child with special needs or termination of the (...) pregnancy. Whereas the former makes an easy fit with the prevention aim of most other population screening programmes, the latter does not. In order to steer clear from a possible eugenic reading of its aim, a wide international consensus has emerged for the view that prenatal screening of this type should have the atypical aim of helping women (couples) to make autonomous reproductive choices, rather than reducing the birth prevalence of the relevant disorders. However, keeping these types of prenatal screening apart may become increasingly difficult given the development of tests, such as the Non‐Invasive Prenatal Test, which cannot only be used for both types of screening but may also lead to interconnected findings on both sides of the divide. This makes it an urgent question: What the aim or aims of this new hybrid screening should be? As neither ‘prevention’ nor ‘autonomy’ will do, we argue for a normative framework that gives both aims their due, while recognizing the tensions between them. (shrink)
Flexibility in Embodied Language Processing: Context Effects in Lexical Access.Wessel O. Dam,Inti A. Brazil,HaroldBekkering &Shirley‐Ann Rueschemeyer -2014 -Topics in Cognitive Science 6 (3):407-424.detailsAccording to embodied theories of language (ETLs), word meaning relies on sensorimotor brain areas, generally dedicated to acting and perceiving in the real world. More specifically, words denoting actions are postulated to make use of neural motor areas, while words denoting visual properties draw on the resources of visual brain areas. Therefore, there is a direct correspondence between word meaning and the experience a listener has had with a word's referent on the brain level. Behavioral and neuroimaging studies have provided (...) evidence in favor of ETLs; however, recent studies have also shown that sensorimotor information is recruited in a flexible manner during language comprehension (e.g., Raposo et al. ; Van Dam et al., ), leaving open the question as to what level of language processing sensorimotor activations contribute. In this study, we investigated the time course of modality-specific contributions (i.e., the contribution of action information) as to word processing by manipulating both (a) the linguistic and (b) the action context in which target words were presented. Our results demonstrate that processes reflecting sensorimotor information play a role early in word processing (i.e., within 200 ms of word presentation), but that they are sensitive to the linguistic context in which a word is presented. In other words, when sensorimotor information is activated, it is activated quickly; however, specific words do not reliably activate a consistent sensorimotor pattern. (shrink)
Predictive processing: Shedding light on the computational processes underlying motivated behavior.Lieke L. F. van Lieshout,Zhaoqi Zhang,Karl J. Friston &HaroldBekkering -2025 -Behavioral and Brain Sciences 48:e46.detailsIntegrating the predictive processing framework into our understanding of motivation offers promising avenues for theoretical development, while shedding light on the computational processes underlying motivated behavior. Here we decompose expected free energy into intrinsic value (i.e., epistemic affordance) and extrinsic value (i.e., instrumental affordance) to provide insights into how individuals adapt to and interact with their environment.
Flexibility in Embodied Language Processing: Context Effects in Lexical Access.Wessel O. van Dam,Inti A. Brazil,HaroldBekkering &Shirley-Ann Rueschemeyer -2014 -Topics in Cognitive Science 6 (3):407-424.detailsAccording to embodied theories of language (ETLs), word meaning relies on sensorimotor brain areas, generally dedicated to acting and perceiving in the real world. More specifically, words denoting actions are postulated to make use of neural motor areas, while words denoting visual properties draw on the resources of visual brain areas. Therefore, there is a direct correspondence between word meaning and the experience a listener has had with a word's referent on the brain level. Behavioral and neuroimaging studies have provided (...) evidence in favor of ETLs; however, recent studies have also shown that sensorimotor information is recruited in a flexible manner during language comprehension (e.g., Raposo et al. ; Van Dam et al., ), leaving open the question as to what level of language processing sensorimotor activations contribute. In this study, we investigated the time course of modality‐specific contributions (i.e., the contribution of action information) as to word processing by manipulating both (a) the linguistic and (b) the action context in which target words were presented. Our results demonstrate that processes reflecting sensorimotor information play a role early in word processing (i.e., within 200 ms of word presentation), but that they are sensitive to the linguistic context in which a word is presented. In other words, when sensorimotor information is activated, it is activated quickly; however, specific words do not reliably activate a consistent sensorimotor pattern. (shrink)
The Vatican Plato.L. A. Post -1928 -Classical Quarterly 22 (1):11-15.detailsThe Plato MS. designated by Bekker as Ω and by Burnet as O escaped the investigation of editors of the text of Plato for nearly a century, because it was wrongly cited by Bekker as Vat. 796. Finally, in 1908 Rabe published an account of the missing MS., which he had discovered in the Vatican library listed as Vat. gr. 1. Until its rediscovery the opinion of Jordan prevailed that it was a comparatively late MS., copied from A . It (...) actually belongs, however, to the late ninth or early tenth century—i.e. it is of almost equal age with A and B. (shrink)
Tradução de sexto empírico, ‘Contra os astrólogos’, 1-22.Rodrigo Pinto de Brito &Rafael Huguenin -2015 -Prometeus: Filosofia em Revista 8 (18).detailsTradução grego-português de Sexto Empírico, Contra os astrólogos, 1-22, a partir da fixação de Bekker, adotando as emendas de H. Mutschmann. Para cotejo, usamos a mui influente versão latina de Henri Estienne e Gentian Hervet, além da versão inglesa de R. G. Bury, a romena de A. M. Frenkian, as italianas de A. Russo e de E. Spinelli, a espanhola de J. B. Cavero e a francesa de P. Pellegrin, C. Dalimier, D. Delattre, J. Dellatre e B. Prérez.
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Aristotle: Dictionary. [REVIEW]P. F. K. -1962 -Review of Metaphysics 16 (2):401-401.detailsIllustrates Aristotle's use of a vast number of terms by quoting, for each term, from one to almost forty passages ranging from a brief sentence to a paragraph. References to the loci of the passages in the Bekker edition are given. The book also includes an introduction of 162 pp. by Theodore E. James, consisting of brief summaries of Aristotle's works.--K. P. F.
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Which is it you want – equality or maternity leave?: Alabaster v. Barclays Bank p.l.c. and Secretary of State for Social Security [2005] E.W.C.A Civ. 508, [2005] I.R.L.R. 576.Anne E. Morris -2006 -Feminist Legal Studies 14 (1):87-97.detailsIn Alabaster v. Barclays Bank plc and Secretary of State for Social Security (No. 2: [2005] E.W.C.A Civ. 508, [2005] I.R.L.R. 576.) Michelle Alabaster won a grand total of £204.53 (plus £65.86 interest) after eight years of litigation, which included two visits to the Court of Appeal and one to the European Court of Justice. This marathon resulted from the sex discrimination which Alabaster had alleged in relation to the calculation of her Statutory Maternity Pay (S.M.P.) whilst she was pregnant (...) 10 years earlier. The technicalities of the statutory schemes involved should not be allowed to disguise the important principle which finally emerges in the Court of Appeal and which underlines one of the longstanding criticisms of the equality legislation, namely the requirement that a woman must compare herself with a man in order to establish unlawful sex discrimination. (shrink)
Sens de la transcendance: études sur la spiritualité.Louis Hébert,Étienne Pouliot,Éric Trudel &Georges Vasilakis (eds.) -2023 - Paris: Classiques Garnier.detailsAfter a generous introduction to the subject, essays follow on transcendence and spirituality from a multidisciplinary and multifaith perspective: a focus on Abrahamic, Oriental, and African religions, a study of transcendence in Nazism, etc.
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Acesso à justiça: Delineamentos gerais E análise no projeto de novo código processual civil.Débora Daniele Rodrigues E. Melo &Denise Rocha Dias da Silveira -2013 -Revista Fides 4 (2):119-134.detailsACESSO À JUSTIÇA: DELINEAMENTOS GERAIS E ANÁLISE NO PROJETO DE NOVO CÓDIGO PROCESSUAL CIVIL.
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A Psychology for People of God.E. Rae Harcum -2012 - Hamilton Books.detailsE. Rae Harcum argues that Christians do not have to give up their religious faith to keep the contributions of science. He confronts the relation between the human body and its non-material parts—the mind and spirit—and provides a way of looking at these metaphysical issues.
"Catcher" in and out of History.James E. Miller Jr -1977 -Critical Inquiry 3 (3):599-603.details[The Catcher in the Rye's] catalogue of characters, incidents, expressions could be extended indefinitely, all of them suggesting that Holden's sickness of soul is something deeper than economic or political, that his revulsion at life is not limited to social and monetary inequities, but at something in the nature of life itself - the decrepitude of the aged, the physical repulsiveness of the pimpled, the disappearance and dissolution of the dead, the terrors of sex, the hauntedness of human aloneness, the (...) panic of individual isolation. Headlines about Korea, Dean Acheson, and the cold war seem, if not irrelevant, essentially wide of the mark - if we define the mark as the heart and soul of Catcher. James E. Miller, Jr., author of "Henry James in Reality" and numerous books and articles on American literature, responds in this essay to Carol and Richard Ohmann's "Reviewers, Critics, and The Catcher in the Rye. The Ohmann's answer will appear in our summer issue. (shrink)
Buddyn filosofiĭn tu̇u̇khėės: khamtyn bu̇tėėl.G. Luvsant︠s︡ėrėn &G. Lkhagvasu̇rėn (eds.) -1987 - Ulaanbaatar: Ulsyn Khėvlėliĭn Gazar.detailsOn history of Buddhist philosophy; contributed articles.
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