Los bienes comunes intangibles en el capitalismo cognitivo.Álvaro Ramis Olivos -2014 -Recerca.Revista de Pensament I Anàlisi 15:109-129.detailsEste texto analizará críticamente la actual fase económica para mostrar la importancia de los bienes comunes intangibles. Sondea la tesis de un nuevo modo de producción «en ciernes», basado en la gestión colaborativa. Analiza los intangibles de acuerdo a su calidad y carácter. Compara los sistemas de patentes y derechos de propiedad intelectual que permiten su apropiación y las resistencias a su «comoditización» desde el software libre y las propuestas de flexibilización de derechos de autor. Advierte sobre el «fetichismo tecnológico» (...) y propone un marco mínimo de discernimiento en dilemas vinculados a estas materias.It will scan critically the current economic phase to show the importance of the intangible commons. Investigate the thesis of a new mode of production based on collaborative knowledge management. Analyze the specificities of the intangible commons according to their quality and character. We will compare the patent and intellectual property rights that allow its appropriation. Study the resistance to its «commoditization» from the free software paradigm and the proposed relaxation of copyright. Warn of the risks of new forms of «technological fetishism» and conclude by proposing a minimum framework of discernment dilemmas in these matters. (shrink)
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Implicit knowledge in unawareness structures.Gaia Belardinelli &Burkhard C. Schipper -2024 -Synthese 204 (5):1-41.detailsAwareness structures by Fagin, Halpern (Artif Intell 34:39–76, 1988) (FH) feature a syntactic awareness correspondence and accessibility relations modeling implicit knowledge. They are a flexible model of unawareness, and best interpreted from an outside modeler’s perspective. Unawareness structures by Heifetz et al. (J Econ Theory, 130:78–94, 2006, Games Econ Behav 62:305–324, 2008) (HMS) model awareness by a lattice of state spaces and explicit knowledge via possibility correspondences. Sublattices thereof can be interpreted as subjective views of agents. Open questions include (1) (...) how implicit knowledge can be defined in HMS structures, and (2) in which way FH structures can be extended to model the agents’ subjective views. In this paper, we address (1) by defining implicit knowledge such that it is consistent with explicit knowledge in HMS models. We also introduce a variant of HMS models that instead of explicit knowledge, takes implicit knowledge and awareness as primitives. Further, we address (2) by introducing a category of FH models that are modally equivalent relative to sublanguages and can be interpreted as agents’ subjective views depending on their awareness. These constructions allow us to show an equivalence between HMS and FH models. As a corollary, we obtain soundness and completeness of HMS models with respect to the Logic of Propositional Awareness, based on a language featuring _both_ implicit and explicit knowledge. (shrink)
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Asediar la fortaleza sin ánimo de conquista. La incidencia política de la sociedad civil en Habermas.Álvaro Ramis Olivos -2012 -Polis: Revista Latinoamericana 32.detailsEl objeto de este trabajo es analizar el concepto de la sociedad civil presentado por Jürgen Habermas y su lugar en el contexto de los debates sobre la teoría democrática. Se introducirá el concepto de democracia deliberativa, haciendo hincapié en su relación con la noción de comunicación y opinión pública. De acuerdo a esta perspectiva la capacidad de la sociedad civil para influir en el campo público-político puede tender un puente entre las concepciones de la democracia de raíz liberal y (...) las de raíz republicana. (shrink)
Narrative bioethics and Mapuche intercultural health contributions to the groundwork and complementation.Álvaro Ramis Olivos -2016 -Veritas: Revista de Filosofía y Teología 34:93-116.detailsEste artículo tiene como objetivo sistematizar los avances del enfoque narrativo en bioética con el fin de proponer una fundamentación de las prácticas de salud intercultural que facilite su complementariedad con el conjunto del sistema sanitario. Para ello revisará críticamente los fundamentos de la bioética narrativa y su vinculación con las corrientes hermenéuticas en las éticas aplicadas y con el movimiento de la medicina narrativa. A la vez relacionará el enfoque narrativo con el paradigma intercultural en salud, en orden a (...) evaluar sus capacidades de complementación y articulación con la sabiduría ancestral mapuche, desde su raigambre y especificidad. Finalmente informará sobre las posibilidades de desarrollo de una bioética narrativa en clave intercultural, adecuada a las prácticas en el ámbito sanitario que se basan en el acervo de la sabiduría ancestral mapuche. This article aims to systematize the progress of the narrative approach in bioethics in order to propose a groundwork for intercultural health practices. Seeks propose a basis for intercultural health practices that facilitate the complementarity of the health system through the recovery of ancestral Mapuche Worldview, their roots and specificity. It will critically review the basics of narrative bioethics and its relationship with the hermeneutical currents in applied ethics and the movement of Narrative Medicine. At the same time relates the narrative approach to the intercultural paradigm in health, in order to assess its capabilities complementation and articulation. And finally it will report on the possibilities of developing an intercultural key Narrative Bioethics appropriate to the intercultural practices in health care based on the acquis of the Mapuche Ancestral Wisdom. (shrink)
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Transcranial direct current stimulation alters sensorimotor modulation during cognitive representation of movement.Gaia Bonassi,Giovanna Lagravinese,Martina Putzolu,Alessandro Botta,Marco Bove,Elisa Pelosin &Laura Avanzino -2022 -Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 16:862013.detailsWe recently demonstrated, by means of short latency afferent inhibition (SAI), that before an imagined movement, during the reaction time (RT), SAI decreases only in the movement-related muscle (sensorimotor modulation) and that a correlation exists between sensorimotor modulation and motor imagery (MI) ability. Excitatory anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (a-tDCS) on M1 could enhance the MI outcome; however, mechanisms of action are not completely known. Here, we assessed if a-tDCS on M1 prior to an MI task could affect sensorimotor modulation. (...) Participants imagined abducting the index or little finger in response to an acoustic signal. SAI was evaluated from the first dorsal interosseus after the “go” signal, before the expected electromyographic (EMG) activity. Participants received 20-min 1.5 mA a-tDCS or sham-tDCS on M1 on two different days, in random order. Results showed that a-tDCS on M1 increases the sensorimotor modulation consisting of a weakening of SAI after the Go signal with respect to sham-tDCS, in the movement-related muscle right before the beginning of MI. These results suggest that a-tDCS on M1 further potentiate those circuits responsible for sensorimotor modulation in the RT phase of MI. Increased sensorimotor modulation during MI may be one of the mechanisms involved in MI improvement after a-tDCS over M1. (shrink)
Brooklyn Buzz.Gaia Light,Alessandro Cosmelli,James Wellford,Marion Durand &Gavin Keeney (eds.) -2012 - Damiani.detailsAn extended visual exploration of Brooklyn and its inhabitants viewed from a bus window frame. The project was conceived as a symbolic photographic portrait of America in this specific time of history, a time of transition and transformation deeply affected by the global economic crisis and its consequences on society, politics and culture.
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Biophilia and Biophobia as Emotional Attribution to Nature in Children of 5 Years Old.Pablo Olivos-Jara,Raquel Segura-Fernández,Cristina Rubio-Pérez &Beatriz Felipe-García -2020 -Frontiers in Psychology 11:513760.detailsIntroduction Connectedness to nature is a concept that reflects the emotional relationship between the self and the natural environment, based on the theory of biophilia, the innate predisposition to the natural environment. However, the biophobic component has largely been ignored, despite, given its adaptive functional role, being an essential part of the construct. If there is a phylogenetic component underlying nature connectedness, biophilic, and/or biophobic, there should be evidence of this record from early childhood. The main aim of this study (...) is therefore to describe the emotional attributions identified in 5 years old. Methodology Two studies were conducted. In the first, 94 children expressed their concept of nature and made basic emotional attributions to a set of 30 images of natural, using a software designed for the study. In the second, 39 children repeated the procedure and provided explanations for their responses. Results The main results show that, in general, children use both positive and negative emotions, which may be related to a three-dimensional model of emotional attributions to nature. The most widely attributed emotion is happiness. However, fear is the second most common attribution. The role of happiness could be explained by a feeling of security and familiarity, while the importance of fear in nature could show an adaptive response of the fear of wild nature in children. This interpretation could be confirmed when analyzing specifically the emotional attributions, classifying the images according to biological and ecosystemic criteria. Thus, for example, more emotional attributions are explained by the “pleasantness” attributed to primary producers and landscapes (e.g., flora), versus attributions of “harm” to the images of secondary and tertiary consumers (e.g., hunters). Conclusion These results provide evidence in favor of a didactic procedure to study emotional attributions to images of nature in preschool children. They suggest the incorporation of biophobia as an important adaptive factor in connectedness to nature and a tripartite emotional hypothesis based on the valences of the attributed emotions. (shrink)
Entangled Embodiments.Gaia Ferrari -2023 -Chiasmi International 25:295-308.detailsIn the Phenomenology of Perception, Merleau-Ponty dedicates many pages to the analysis of pathological cases, which seem to be assessed as merely negative phenomena that reinforce an extrinsic opposition with normal ones. This paper aims to clarify that Merleau-Ponty in effect challenges the able–disabled dichotomy by articulating an intentional analysis based on the perspective of being-in-the-world and proposing a differential understanding of embodiment. Such an analysis demonstrates that ability and disability exist as material and situational events and, simultaneously, form an (...) existential continuum—one that rejects the identification of disability with a disruption (ontological claim) or a degradation (normative claim). (shrink)
Intergalactic Heroines.Susan DeGaia -1998 -International Studies in Philosophy 30 (1):18-32.detailsThis article examines continuity and change in Star trek’s expression of the American Frontier Myth, moving from an American ideal of imperialist expansion across an unlimited feminized landscape and destruction of Indians and animals in the myth’s early form, to one of benevolent redemption of the Other as misguided or evil alien in the unlimited expanse of outer space in early Star Trek. Analysis of symbol and narrative in Star Trek Voyager show further change, as feminist and environmental ethics are (...) included. Now, movement is toward earth rather than away from it, raced and gendered Others are often internalized rather than projected onto Indians and aliens, and nature is vulnerable and spiritual rather than unlimited and inert. Though women and nature are still linked and idealized as selfless givers, progress is also made as women gain equal rank and air time and men take on some traditionally feminine roles. (shrink)
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Descartes Et l'Essence de la Vérité.GillesOlivo -2005 - Presses Universitaires de France.detailsAnalyse dans la pensée de Descartes, la distinction entre la vérité dans les sciences qui se dévoile au fil de sa recherche, et l'essence de la vérité.
Autonomy, Responsibility and the Italian Code of Deontology for Nurses.Gaia Barazzetti,Stefania Radaelli &Roberta Sala -2007 -Nursing Ethics 14 (1):83-98.detailsThis article is a first assessment of the Italian Code of deontology for nurses (revised in 1999) on the basis of data collected from focus groups with nurses taking part in the Ethical Codes in Nursing (ECN) project. We illustrate the professional context in which the Code was introduced and explain why the 1999 revision was necessary in the light of changes affecting the Italian nursing profession. The most remarkable findings concern professional autonomy and responsibility, and how the Code is (...) thought of as a set of guidelines for nursing practice. We discuss these issues, underlining that the 1999 Code represents a valuable instrument for ethical reflection and examination, a stimulus for putting the moral sense of the nursing profession into action, and that it represents a new era for professional nursing practice in Italy. The results of the analysis also deserve further qualitative study and future consideration. (shrink)
Jung’s Nietzsche: Zarathustra, the Red Book, and “Visionary” Works.Gaia Domenici -2019 - Springer Verlag.detailsThis book explores C.G. Jung's complex relationship with Friedrich Nietzsche through the lens of the so-called 'visionary' literary tradition. The book connects Jung's experience of the posthumously published Liber Novus with his own understanding of Nietzsche's Zarathustra, and formulates the hypothesis of Jung considering Zarathustra as Nietzsche's Liber Novus –– both works being regarded by Jung as 'visionary' experiences. After exploring some 'visionary' authors often compared by Jung to Nietzsche, the book focuses upon Nietzsche and Jung exclusively. It analyses stylistic (...) similarities, as well as explicit references to Nietzsche and Zarathustra in Liber Novus, drawing on Jung's annotations in his own copy of Zarathustra. The book then uses Liber Novus as a prism to contextualize and understand Jung's five-year seminar on Zarathustra: all the nuances of Jung's interpretation of Zarathustra can be fully explained, only when compared with Liber Novus and its symbology. One of the main topics of the book concerns the figure of 'Christ' and Nietzsche's and Jung's understandings of the 'death of God.'. (shrink)
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Fabio Stella, Νόος e νοεῖν da Omero a Platone.Gaia Bagnati -2022 -Philosophie Antique 22.detailsL’ouvrage de F. Stella est une enquête de grande envergure sur la notion d’« intellect » entre la Grèce archaïque et la période classique. Encore hésite-t-on à traduire ainsi le vocabulaire du νόος, car cela reviendrait d’emblée à le lester d’une signification déterminée : celle de l’acte cognitif par excellence, où culmine le geste philosophique d’abstraction. Or le projet de F. Stella est précisément de démontrer que cette signification est le produit d’une histoire : le sens qui se constit...
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De Dieu à la nature : Pascal et “la réalité des choses”.GillesOlivo -2018 -Quaestio 18:199-218.detailsIn the Pensées, Pascal uses the astonishing phrase “the reality of things” to designate, not the actual existence of things, but the being-thing of all things (in accordance with the meaning of the Latin realitas rerum). It will be established that with this phrase, although it is of Cartesian origin, the analysis of “Disproportion of Man” aims at a criticism of the Cartesian ratio formalis infiniti sive infinitas, which Pascal shows not to be suitable to think God, but only to (...) describe and name nature asthe totality of thinkable objects. (shrink)
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The Body, Sexuality and Precarity.Gaia Giuliani -2007 -Feminist Review 87 (1):113-121.detailsThe focus group held in Bologna on 2 October 2005 revolved around the relationships between ‘body’, ‘sexuality’ and ‘precarity’, which are concepts at the heart of the reflections and political agenda of the feminist and Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, Transgender and Queer (GLBTQ) movements in Italy.
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Seeing fast and slow: the influence of music-induced affective states and individual sensory sensitivity on visual processing speed.Gaia Lapomarda,Michele Deodato &David Melcher -forthcoming -Cognition and Emotion.detailsThere is a speed-accuracy trade-off in perception. The ability to quickly extract sensory information is critical for survival, while extended processing can improve our accuracy. It has been suggested that emotions can change our style of processing, but their influence on processing speed is not yet clear. In three experiments, combining online and laboratory studies with different emotion induction procedures, we investigated the influence of both affective states, manipulated with music, and individual traits in sensory-processing sensitivity on the ability to (...) rapidly segregate two visual flashes. Across studies, the musical manipulations pushed participants towards either rapid or slow processing. Individual variations in sensory-processing sensitivity modulated these effects. Our findings demonstrate that affective states, influenced by music, can shift the balance between fast and slow visual processing, altering our perceptual experience. These results also emphasise the interaction of individual traits in sensory processing and affective states. (shrink)
Modelo de laicidad en Chile y Perú y reforma constitucional. La neutralidad estatal como garantía de igualdad.María Esperanza Adrianzén Olivos -2022 -UNIVERSITAS Revista de Filosofía Derecho y Política 41:69-87.detailsEn un contexto de reformas constitucionales en Chile, y una puesta en agenda aún incierta en Perú, se reafirma que el principio de neutralidad ante la diversidad religiosa tiene una conexión necesaria con la igualdad y no discriminación. Por ello, atendiendo a la evolución social en relación con las cifras de creencia e increencia en ambos países, corresponde reflexionar acerca de la consagración expresa del modelo del Estado laico para fortalecer la obligación estatal de dar un trato igual a los (...) titulares del derecho a la libertad religiosa. (shrink)
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Du moi humain au moi commun : Rousseau lecteur de Pascal.IsabelleOlivo-Poindron -2010 -Les Etudes Philosophiques 95 (4):557.detailsParadoxalement, l’interprétation des Pensées de M. Pascal par Jean-Jacques Rousseau montre sa fécondité philosophique au lieu de l’écart maximal entre les deux penseurs : « injuste en soi » selon Pascal, « toujours bon » selon Rousseau, c’est pourtant l’amour de soi constitutif du « moi humain » dans les Pensées morales éditées par Port-Royal que Rousseau accueille et cultive en en inversant l’appréciation axiologique. Lu par Rousseau, Pascal n’est pas Fénelon ; il n’est pas non plus Nicole ; et (...) à sa suite, l’on doit le lire en deçà de la distinction, si ordinaire aux moralistes, du bon amour de soi et du mauvais amour-propre. Rousseau nous y invite du moins, retenant de ces pensées que seul l’amour de soi porte à se connaître, c’est-à-dire à connaître le principe qui nous anime. En conséquence, seule la connaissance du principe d’union en quoi consiste, en son fond, « l’amour que l’on se doit à soi-même » porte à régler l’amour de soi constitutif de la modalité juste du moi, autrement dit celle du « moi commun ».Paradoxically enough, it is precisely where the gap between Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Pascal is widest that Rousseau’s interpretation of the Pensées de M. Pascal proves highly fertile philosophically speaking : the self-love that is described as that which constitutes the « human self » in the Pensées morales published by Port-Royal, this self-love which Pascal deems unjust in itself whereas Rousseau considers it always good, is in effect what Rousseau draws upon so as to reverse its axiological assessment. Read by Rousseau, Pascal is not Fénelon ; nor is he Nicole ; he must thus be read beyond the distinction between the good amour de soi and the bad amour-propre which is so commonplace among moralists. This at least is what Rousseau suggests that we do, by retaining as he does from Pascal’s moral thoughts the notion that only self-love can enable one to know oneself, through the knowledge of the principle one is animated by. Consequently, only the knowledge of the principle of union which « the love that one owes to oneself » fundamentally consists in can enable one to set the self-love that will constitute the just mode of the self, ie that of the « common self ». (shrink)
Neural Responses of Benefiting From the Prosocial Exchange: The Effect of Helping Behavior.DanieleOlivo,Andrea Di Ciano,Jessica Mauro,Lucia Giudetti,Alan Pampallona,Katharina M. Kubera,Dusan Hirjak,Robert Christian Wolf &Fabio Sambataro -2021 -Frontiers in Psychology 12.detailsProsocial behavior is critical for the natural development of an individual as well as for promoting social relationships. Although this complex behavior results from gratuitous acts occurring between an agent and a recipient and a wealth of literature on prosocial behavior has investigated these actions, little is known about the effects on the recipient and the neurobiology underlying them. In this study, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging to identify neural correlates of receiving prosocial behavior in the context of real-world (...) experiences, with different types of action provided by the agent, including practical help and effort appreciation. Practical help was associated with increased activation in a network of regions spanning across bilateral superior temporal sulcus, temporoparietal junction, temporal pole, and medial prefrontal cortex. Effort appreciation was associated with activation and increased task-modulated connectivity of the occipital cortex. Prosocial-dependent brain responses were associated with positive affect. Our results support the role of the theory of mind network and the visual cortices in mediating the positive effects of receiving gratuitous help. Moreover, they indicate that specific types of prosocial behavior are mediated by distinct brain networks, which further demonstrates the uniqueness of the psychological processes underlying prosocial actions. (shrink)
Improving Community Engagement and Social Justice in Public Health Policymaking during the COVID Pandemics: Insights from Participatory Action-Research in Western Switzerland.Gaia Barazzetti &Francesca Bosisio -2021 -American Journal of Bioethics 21 (9):56-59.detailsIn his target article, Ismaili M’hamdi advocates for perfectionist public health policymaking, which entails fostering relevant and objectively valuable public health-related capabilities wh...
Eine ‚göttlich künstliche‘ Sprache Zarathustra als Beispiel für Nietzsches Lebenskunst.Gaia Domenici -2014 -Nietzscheforschung 21 (1):231-242.detailsName der Zeitschrift: Nietzscheforschung Jahrgang: 21 Heft: 1 Seiten: 231-242.
Nietzsche und die Tiefenpsychologie ed. by Roman Lesmeister and Elke Metzner.Gaia Domenici -2016 -Journal of Nietzsche Studies 47 (1):167-169.detailsNietzsche calls himself a “psychologist [Psychologe]” in a few passages of his published works. Furthermore—and mainly due to his intense interest in the scientific debates of his time, which involved figures such as Hartmann, Schopenhauer, Gerber, Helmholtz, and Zöllner—Nietzsche’s early philosophical thought can be regarded as clearly “permeated” by his concern with the unconscious. The combination of psychology and this concern with the unconscious..
Sensegiving doesn't always make sense: framing the implementation of performance-based funding in Ohio.Amanda Maxwell &Victoria BarbosaOlivo -forthcoming -Critical Discourse Studies.detailsOrganizational sensegiving is a framework that details influencing others in an organization’s process of making meaning of new information. In this study, we examined sensegiving through performance-based funding (PBF) discourse of state actors to Ohio citizens. Utilizing critical discourse analysis, 14 media releases were analyzed, focusing on linguistic construction to examine discursive strategies used by public institution presidents and politicians implementing PBF. This study contributes to the existing literature by exploring how state actors are sensegivers to citizens, stating their responses (...) to implementing PBF. We found two contrasting narratives, the crisis, and collective good narrative, at the core of sensegiving PBF. (shrink)
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Women, Economics and Finance in Ancient Rome: Old Challenges and Current Issues.Deivid ValérioGaia -2023 -Archai: Revista de Estudos Sobre as Origens Do Pensamento Ocidental 33:03310-03310.detailsThe image of the Roman woman, which has survived to this day and imposed itself almost as the only possibility for the ancient scholarship, is the domiseda: the housewife, mother, and spinner. In addition to the investigations of this traditional depiction, which steered the research on Roman women, the issues of our time and the advances in scientific research constantly bring us new perspectives, approaches, and problems around this object of study. This inevitably motivates us to question the role of (...) women in the business and finance world in Ancient Rome. Is it possible to write an economic and financial history of Roman women? What are the limits of this endeavor? This article addresses the insertion of women in the business and finance world, as well as some of the multiple possibilities of writing the History of Women from the Economic and Social History viewpoint. The time frame is restricted to the end of the Republic and the imperial period. This article is therefore divided into three parts: first, an introduction to the discussion of the situation of women in the domus; secondly, methodological assumptions to the study of women and their placement in economic and financial life; and, finally, some examples ofwomen from three different social groups who appear involved in credit relations in the documentation. (shrink)
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PWOL as Situated Pedagogy: Adapting Hadot’s Model for Today’s Classroom.Gaia Ferrari &Samantha Dragar -2021 -American Association of Philosophy Teachers Studies in Pedagogy 6:123-140.detailsThis article pursues the goal of articulating a pedagogical paradigm of philosophy as a way of life that can effectively re-invigorate the teaching of philosophy in today’s academic world. This re-invigoration should take direct inspiration from Hadot’s hermeneutical framework of how to live philosophically, while still recognizing the intrinsic limitations that his model presents when applied to the modern educational practices of academia. In particular, we maintain that a literal application of Hadot’s model would require we turn the teaching of (...) philosophy as a way of life into a systemic affair that demands from students a full commitment to particular schools of thought. Conversely, we argue for a pedagogical paradigm of philosophy as a way of life (“PWOL-as-Situated-Pedagogy”) that enacts a triple balancing between theory and practice, progress and assessment, and depth and breadth. In this way, the problem of self-cultivation is tackled by engaging students with a broader consideration of philosophies and spiritual exercises. (shrink)
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Corruption in the ecclesial institution. An urgent call for renewal and transparency.Sonia Brito Rodríguez &Álvaro Ramis Olivos -2018 -Veritas: Revista de Filosofía y Teología 41:117-138.detailsResumen El presente artículo busca problematizar la corrupción institucional desde una perspectiva sistémica. Examina su alcance y sus implicaciones ético-sociales para proporcionar una interpretación clave, que analice la crisis de la Iglesia católica chilena. Para este propósito se utiliza una metodología bibliográfica que revisa a autores contemporáneos que trabajan en la ética de las instituciones, identificando elementos fundamentales para entender la corrupción institucional. También repasa el magisterio del Papa Francisco, quien da pistas para enfrentarla. Se propone, junto con una necesaria (...) renovación eclesiológica, nuevas perspectivas éticas de organización institucional, basadas en el buen gobierno y la transparencia.The paper seeks to problematize institutional corruption from a systemic perspective.lt examines its scope and ethical-social implications, to provide a key interpretation that analyzes the crisis of the Chilean Catholic Church. For this purpose a bibliographic methodology is used, reviewing contemporary authors who work on the ethics of institutions, identijying fundamental elements to understand institutional corruption. He abo reviews the teaching o/Pope Francis, who gives clues to face it. It is proposed along with a necessary ecclesiological renewal, new ethical perspectives of institutional organization, based on good governance and transparency. (shrink)
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‘Where there are villains, there will be heroes’: Belief in conspiracy theories as an existential tool to fulfill need for meaning.Schöpfer Céline,AngelaGaia Felicita Angela,Fuhrer Joffey &Cova Florian -2022 -Personality and Individual Differences 200.detailsWhat leads people to believe in conspiracy theories? In this paper, we explore the possibility that people might be drawn towards conspiracy theories because believing in them might satisfy certain existential needs and help people find meaning in their life. Through two studies (N = 289 and 287 after exclusion), we found that par ticipants higher in the need and search for meaning were more likely to believe in conspiracy theories. This relationship was not moderated by participants' feelings of control. (...) We also found that believing in conspiracy theories was associated with more presence of meaning (Study 1), and more precisely with a heightened feeling of mattering in the grand scheme of things (Study 2). Additionally, we found that participants were more likely to endorse conspiracy theories that left them more agency and allowed them the possibility to make a difference. Overall, we argue that our results suggest that people might sometimes be drawn towards conspiracy theories because they allow them to feel as if they can make a difference and have a positive impact on the world, and thus that conspiracy theories can be used as tools to satisfy existential needs. (shrink)
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Gene delivery to neurons: Is herpes simplex virus the right tool for the job?David A. Leib &Paul D.Olivo -1993 -Bioessays 15 (8):547-554.detailsHerpes simplex virus (HSV)‐derived vectors are currently being developed for the introduction of foreign DNA into neurons. HSV vectors can facilitate a range of molecular studies on postmitotic neurons and may ultimately be used for somatic cell gene therapy for certain neurologic diseases. In this article, the salient features of the pathogenesis and molecular biology of HSV relevant to its use as a vector are described, along with an overview of the methods used to derive these vectors. The accomplishments which (...) have been made to date using the HSV vector system are discussed, with emphasis on the issues of this technology which remain to be addressed. HSV has the potential to be a most useful tool for neuronal cell transgenesis and it is likely that important neurobiological questions will be answered using this vector system. (shrink)
A Value-Oriented Framework for Precision Medicine.Francesca Bosisio &Gaia Barazzetti -2021 -American Journal of Bioethics 21 (4):88-90.detailsIn her article, Lee vouches for a reciprocity-based approach that supports an ethics of inclusion in precision medicine research and accounts for participants’ values and experiences of the...
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Green or Greed? An Alternative Look at CEO Compensation and Corporate Environmental Commitment.Claude Francoeur,Andrea Melis,SilviaGaia &Simone Aresu -2017 -Journal of Business Ethics 140 (3):439-453.detailsThis study relies on environmental stewardship, a stakeholder-enlarged view of stewardship theory, and institutional theory to analyze the relationship between CEO compensation and firms’ environmental commitment in a worldwide sample of 520 large listed firms. Our findings show that environment friendly firms pay their CEOs less total compensation and rely less on incentive-based compensation than environment careless firms. This negative relationship is stronger in institutional contexts where national environmental regulations are weaker. Our findings have important theoretical meaning and practical implications. (...) Results show that CEOs do not necessarily act opportunistically; rather some of them may be willing to act as stewards of the natural environment and accept a lower, less incentive-based compensation from environment friendly firms. This study also provides evidence of the important influence of the institutional context in setting-up CEO compensation as the relationship is stronger when national environmental regulations are weaker. Our findings question the universal validity of agency theory in explaining CEO compensation. Compensation based on pecuniary incentives might be less indicated to motivate CEOs who feel rewarded by playing a stewardship role for environment friendly firms. When designing compensation for CEOs, compensation committees and external compensation advisors should consider psychological and institutional factors that might affect CEO motivation. (shrink)
Epistemic Planning with Attention as a Bounded Resource.Gaia Belardinelli &Rasmus K. Rendsvig -2021 - In Sujata Ghosh & Thomas Icard,Logic, Rationality, and Interaction: 8th International Workshop, Lori 2021, Xi’an, China, October 16–18, 2021, Proceedings. Springer Verlag. pp. 14-30.detailsWhen information grows abundant, attention becomes a scarce resource. As a result, agents must plan wisely how to allocate their attention in order to achieve epistemic efficiency. Here, we present a framework for multi-agent epistemic planning with attention, based on Dynamic Epistemic Logic. We identify the framework as a fragment of standard DEL, and consider its plan existence problem. While it is undecidable in the general case, we show that when attention is required for learning, all instances of the problem (...) are decidable. (shrink)
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