Alvin Plantinga’s Reformed Epistemology.GabrielMustață -2020 -Studia Universitatis Babeş-Bolyai Philosophia:55-71.detailsAlvin Plantinga’s Reformed Epistemology. Alvin Plantinga is a well-known defender of Reformed epistemology. The main thesis of the Reformed epistemology argues that faith in God is rational and justified without the aid of arguments or evidence. In this paper, we intend to describe Alvin Plantinga’s perspective, more precisely, the A / C model (Aquinas / Calvin) proposed by him, in which faith in God is innate and does not need arguments or evidence, and then to analyze the objections on this (...) model, in order to determine whether faith in God can be considered basic. (shrink)
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Warrant and Conditions for Warrant in Alvin Plantinga’s Philosophy.GabrielMustață -2019 -Studia Universitatis Babeş-Bolyai Philosophia:23-38.detailsWarrant and Conditions for Warrant in Alvin Plantinga’s Philosophy. Warrant is the central concept of Alvin Plantinga’s epistemology. As Plantinga suggests it, warrant is that quantity or quality which together with belief and truth constitutes knowledge. This paper intends to present broadly the concept of warrant and to analyze the conditions for warrant in order to see if the conditions proposed by Plantinga are necessary and sufficient for a belief to be considered knowledge.
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Turning anomie on its head: Fatalism as Durkheim's concealed and multidimensional alienation theory.Gabriel A. Acevedo -2005 -Sociological Theory 23 (1):75-85.detailsDurkheim's underdeveloped notion of fatalism is the keystone for a bridge between two conceptual categories central to Marxian and Durkheimian theory: alienation and anomie. Durkheim does not necessarily disagree with Marx that excessive regulation can be socially damaging but chooses to highlight the effects of under- regulation. A Durkheimian critique of overregulation becomes possible if we turn away from anomie and toward Durkheim's idea of fatalism-a concept that I will argue here is unexpectedly consistent with Marx's notion of alienation. We (...) can infer that Durkheim presents us with a notion of an "optimal" human condition that exists between anomie and fatalism. The structure of modern societies, it will be argued, is characterized not just by excessive control leading to alienation or by a lack of integrative restraint leading to anomie but also by active efforts to optimally regulate social life. (shrink)
Event Cognition.Gabriel A. Radvansky &Jeffrey M. Zacks -2014 - Oxford University Press USA.detailsMuch of our behavior is guided by our understanding of events. We perceive events when we observe the world unfolding around us, participate in events when we act on the world, simulate events that we hear or read about, and use our knowledge of events to solve problems. In this book,Gabriel A. Radvansky and Jeffrey M. Zacks provide the first integrated framework for event cognition and attempt to synthesize the available psychological and neuroscience data surrounding it. This synthesis (...) leads to new proposals about several traditional areas in psychology and neuroscience including perception, attention, language understanding, memory, and problem solving.Radvansky and Zacks have written this book with a diverse readership in mind. It is intended for a range of researchers working within cognitive science including psychology, neuroscience, computer science, philosophy, anthropology, and education. Readers curious about events more generally such as those working in literature, film theory, and history will also find it of interest. (shrink)
Can Confirmation Bias Improve Group Learning?NathanGabriel &Cailin O'Connor -unknowndetailsConfirmation bias has been widely studied for its role in failures of reasoning. Individuals exhibiting confirmation bias fail to engage with information that contradicts their current beliefs, and, as a result, can fail to abandon inaccurate beliefs. But although most investigations of confirmation bias focus on individual learning, human knowledge is typically developed within a social structure. We use network models to show that moderate confirmation bias often improves group learning. However, a downside is that a stronger form of confirmation (...) bias can hurt the knowledge producing capacity of the community. (shrink)
The moral background: an inquiry into the history of business ethics.Gabriel Abend -2014 - Princeton: Princeton University Press.detailsIn recent years, many disciplines have become interested in the scientific study of morality. However, a conceptual framework for this work is still lacking. In The Moral Background,Gabriel Abend develops just such a framework and uses it to investigate the history of business ethics in the United States from the 1850s to the 1930s. According to Abend, morality consists of three levels: moral and immoral behavior, or the behavioral level; moral understandings and norms, or the normative level; and (...) the moral background, which includes what moral concepts exist in a society, what moral methods can be used, what reasons can be given, and what objects can be morally evaluated at all. This background underlies the behavioral and normative levels; it supports, facilitates, and enables them. Through this perspective, Abend historically examines the work of numerous business ethicists and organizations--such as Protestant ministers, business associations, and business schools--and identifies two types of moral background. "Standards of Practice" is characterized by its scientific worldview, moral relativism, and emphasis on individuals' actions and decisions. The "Christian Merchant" type is characterized by its Christian worldview, moral objectivism, and conception of a person's life as a unity. The Moral Background offers both an original account of the history of business ethics and a novel framework for understanding and investigating morality in general. (shrink)
Why the World Does Not Exist.MarkusGabriel -2015 - Malden, MA: Polity.detailsWhere do we come from? Are we merely a cluster of elementary particles in a gigantic world receptacle? And what does it all mean? In this highly original new book, the philosopher MarkusGabriel challenges our notion of what exists and what it means to exist. He questions the idea that there is a world that encompasses everything like a container life, the universe, and everything else. This all-inclusive being does not exist and cannot exist. For the world itself (...) is not found in the world. And even when we think about the world, the world about which we think is obviously not identical with the world in which we think. For, as we are thinking about the world, this is only a very small event in the world. Besides this, there are still innumerable other objects and events: rain showers, toothaches and the World Cup. Drawing on the recent history of philosophy,Gabriel asserts that the world cannot exist at all, because it is not found in the world. Yet with the exception of the world, everything else exists; even unicorns on the far side of the moon wearing police uniforms. Revelling in witty thought experiments, word play, and the courage of provocation, MarkusGabriel demonstrates the necessity of a questioning mind and the role that humour can play in coming to terms with the abyss of human existence. (shrink)
Theories of embodied knowledge: New directions for cultural and cognitive sociology?Gabriel Ignatow -2007 -Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour 37 (2):115–135.detailsSociological propositions about the workings of cognition are rarely specified or tested, but are of central relevance to studies of culture, social judgment, and social movements. This paper draws out lessons of recent work from sociological theory, cognitive science, psychology, and neuroscience on the embodied nature of knowledge and thought, and develops implications of these lessons for cultural and cognitive sociology. Knowledge ought to be conceived of as fundamentally embodied, because sensory information is a fundamental component of experience as it (...) is stored in long-term memory, and because bodily responses and intuitions often precede reflexive or strategic thought. I argue that the challenge of embodied knowledge for cultural sociology is threefold: to develop cultural theories of motivation; to specify the ways in which the body structures discourses endogenously; and to specify how embodied motivations and embodied discourses interact. (shrink)
Plural quantification and classes.Gabriel Uzquiano -2003 -Philosophia Mathematica 11 (1):67-81.detailsWhen viewed as the most comprehensive theory of collections, set theory leaves no room for classes. But the vocabulary of classes, it is argued, provides us with compact and, sometimes, irreplaceable formulations of largecardinal hypotheses that are prominent in much very important and very interesting work in set theory. Fortunately, George Boolos has persuasively argued that plural quantification over the universe of all sets need not commit us to classes. This paper suggests that we retain the vocabulary of classes, but (...) explain that what appears to be singular reference to classes is, in fact, covert plural reference to sets. (shrink)
(1 other version)The causal efficacy of content.Gabriel Segal &Elliott Sober -1991 -Philosophical Studies 63 (July):1-30.detailsSeveral philosophers have argued recently that semantic properties do play a causal role. 1 It is our view that none of these arguments are satisfactory. Our aim is to reveal some of the deficiencies of these arguments, and to reassess the question in our own way. In section 1, we shall explain in more detail what is involved in the pretheoretical idea of a causally efficacious property and so provide a fuller sense of the issue. In section 2 we shall (...) discuss Fodor's and Kim's arguments that the semantic properties of mental events are causally efficacious. Their tactic is to articulate sufficient conditions for the causal efficacy of a property, and then apply these conditions to the psychological properties under consideration. We shall show that both formulations are inadequate. However, each account can remedy some of the defects of the other. We shall argue that by putting the two together, and modifying this combined account in certain ways, we can arrive at something that might just pass as a general sufficient condition for causal efficacy. We believe that the question of causal efficacy of content is best approached as a question in the philosophy of science. If one wants to know whether a given species of property is efficacious, the most productive strategy is to find a science that investigates the properties and examine the role they are assigned. In keeping with this attitude we shall restrict our discussion to the notion of content deployed within cognitive science. In section 3 we examine the role of content in cognitive science and discuss whether this role suits content to the conditions on efficacy articulated in section two. Our conclusion will be conditional and hedged: on certain views of cognitive science, content will meet the sufficient condition for efficacy. If other views are correct, the question remains open. (shrink)
Posturas enunciativas em Deus caritas est (2005): uma análise da primeira encíclica de Bento XVI segundo formulações teóricas de Alain Rabatel.Gabriel Fernandino -2022 -Bakhtiniana 17 (4):194-222.detailsABSTRACT Using Alain Rabatel’s reflections on points of view and enunciative responsibility, especially those founded in his work Homo narrans (2016; 2021), we sought to describe and interpret the operation of internal - enunciative - and interdiscursive - external - in the introduction to the encyclical letter Deus Caritas Est (2005), signed by the Emeritus Pope Benedict XVI, through the description and analysis of enunciative postures. Our main conclusion is that the primary speaker (S1), operates the dialogism of the text, (...) first, from under-utterance and, later, through co-utterance and even over-utterance. S1 assumes part of the enunciative responsibility and associates itself with the New Testament point of view while suggesting an update of the Old Testament. In our terms, the Old one that rules is overthrown in favor of the New one that loves - that is, Christian-Catholic love. This investigation is affiliated with a broad and ongoing research agenda of analysis of modern pontifical discourse. (shrink)
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The philosophy of existentialism.Gabriel Marcel -1956 - New York,: Citadel Press.detailsAn exposition in five parts of the character of existentialist philosophy, including an analysis of the theories of Jean-Paul Sartre. AuthorGabriel Marcel, a famous French dramatist, philosopher, and author of Le Dard, was a leading exponent of Christian existentialism.
Enriching a predicate and tame expansions of the integers.Gabriel Conant,Christian D’Elbée,Yatir Halevi,Léo Jimenez &Silvain Rideau-Kikuchi -2025 -Journal of Mathematical Logic 25 (1).detailsGiven a structure [Formula: see text] and a stably embedded [Formula: see text]-definable set Q, we prove tameness preservation results when enriching the induced structure on Q by some further structure [Formula: see text]. In particular, we show that if [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are stable (respectively, superstable, [Formula: see text]-stable), then so is the theory [Formula: see text] of the enrichment of [Formula: see text] by [Formula: see text]. Assuming simplicity of T, elimination of hyperimaginaries and (...) a further condition on Q related to the behavior of algebraic closure, we also show that simplicity and NSOP1 pass from [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text]. We then prove several applications for tame expansions of weakly minimal structures and, in particular, the group of integers. For example, we construct the first known examples of strictly stable expansions of [Formula: see text]. More generally, we show that any stable (respectively, superstable, simple, NIP, NTP2, NSOP1) countable graph can be defined in a stable (respectively, superstable, simple, NIP, NTP2, NSOP1) expansion of [Formula: see text] by some unary predicate [Formula: see text]. (shrink)
Tragic wisdom and beyond.Gabriel Marcel -1973 - Evanston,: Northwestern University Press. Edited by Paul Ricœur, Stephen Jolin & Peter McCormick.detailsThis volume presents two works byGabriel Marcel.
Fregean connection: Bedeutung, value and truth-value.GottfriedGabriel -1984 -Philosophical Quarterly 34 (136):372-376.detailsIt is shown how frege's problematic connection between truth-Value and "bedeutung" (of a sentence) becomes more plausible when set against the background of german language and philosophy, Especially by comparing frege's position with the value-Theoretical school of neo-Kantianism (w windelband).
Neo-existentialism: how to conceive of the human mind after naturalism's failure.MarkusGabriel -2018 - Medford, MA: Polity Press.detailsIn this highly original book, MarkusGabriel presents 'Neo-Existentialism', an anti-naturalist view that holds that human mindedness consists in an open-ended proliferation of mentalistic vocabularies. Challenged by Charles Taylor, Andrea Kern and Jocelyn Benoist,Gabriel deftly refutes naturalism's metaphysical claim to epistemic exclusiveness.
The notion of independence in categories of algebraic structures, part I: Basic properties.Gabriel Srour -1988 -Annals of Pure and Applied Logic 38 (2):185-213.detailsWe define a formula φ in a first-order language L , to be an equation in a category of L -structures K if for any H in K , and set p = {φ;i ϵI, a i ϵ H} there is a finite set I 0 ⊂ I such that for any f : H → F in K , ▪. We say that an elementary first-order theory T which has the amalgamation property over substructures is equational if every quantifier-free (...) formula is equivalent in T to a boolean combination of equations in Mod, the category of models of T with embeddings for morphisms. Thus, we develop a theory of independence with respect to equations in general categories of structures, which is similar to the one introduced in stability but which, in our context, has an algebraic character. (shrink)
I am not a brain: philosophy of mind for the 21st century.MarkusGabriel -2017 - Malden, MA: Polity. Edited by Christopher Turner.detailsMany consider the nature of human consciousness to be one of the last great unsolved mysteries. Why should the light turn on, so to speak, in human beings at all? And how is the electrical storm of neurons under our skull connected with our consciousness? Is the self only our brain's user interface, a kind of stage on which a show is performed that we cannot freely direct? In this book, philosopher MarkusGabriel challenges an increasing trend in the (...) sciences towards neurocentrism, a notion which rests on the assumption that the self is identical to the brain.Gabriel raises serious doubts as to whether we can know ourselves in this way. In a sharp critique of this approach, he presents a new defense of the free will and provides a timely introduction to philosophical thought about the self – all with verve, humor, and surprising insights.Gabriel criticizes the scientific image of the world and takes us on an eclectic journey of self-reflection by way of such concepts as self, consciousness, and freedom, with the aid of Kant, Schopenhauer, and Nagel but also Dr. Who, The Walking Dead, and Fargo. (shrink)
The pragmatic use of metaphor in empirical psychology.RamiGabriel -2022 -History of the Human Sciences 35 (3-4):291-316.detailsMetaphors of mind and their elaboration into models serve a crucial explanatory role in psychology. In this article, an attempt is made to describe how biology and engineering provide the predominant metaphors for contemporary psychology. A contrast between the discursive and descriptive functions of metaphor use in theory construction serves as a platform for deliberation upon the pragmatic consequences of models derived therefrom. The conclusion contains reflections upon the possibility of an integrative interdisciplinary psychology.
Accompagnement du processus narratif dans un groupe fratrie.ÉlodieGabriel -2020 -Dialogue: Families & Couples 227 (1):125-141.detailsAfin d’accompagner les frères et sœurs d’enfants handicapés, des dispositifs groupaux se développent depuis quelques années dans les services médico-sociaux. L’auteure, psychologue clinicienne, présente ici le fonctionnement d’un groupe fratrie destiné à des enfants de 4 à 10 ans, et plus particulièrement l’utilisation du dessin dans ce cadre. Par le croisement d’éléments théoriques et l’apport de situations cliniques, une réflexion est menée sur l’intérêt du dessin et du récit de celui-ci dans la relance des processus narratifs chez les enfants. Ces (...) capacités de liaison ainsi soutenues permettent, le plus souvent, de contrer les effets traumatiques de la survenue du handicap dans la famille. Ceci permet d’appréhender l’un des facteurs de l’effet thérapeutique de ce dispositif. (shrink)
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El «escándalo de la filosofía». El problema de la realidad y su «disolución».GottfriedGabriel -1993 -Isegoría 7:107-121.detailsEn las tradiciones más dispares de la filosofía de la praxis (desde Marx hasta Heidegger), el problema de la realidad y la contraposición entre el idealismo y el realismo epistemológicos que le va asociada constituyen la expresión de una relación alienada con el mundo. Dicho problema fue desechado con fundamentos muy distintos, pero con un resultado semejante, por representantes de la teoría de la ciencia (Carnap), quienes 10 consideraron un «problema aparente». Partiendo de los análisis de Schopenhauer y Wittgenstein sobre (...) la temática de la alienación y el solipsismo, se tratará aquí no tanto de contraponer las posiciones del realismo y del idealismo como enunciados en conflicto, sino de conferirles el estatus de visiones del mundo que han de combinarse en cuanto aspectos complementarios de la humana conditio. (shrink)
Eine Wirtschaft, die Leben fördert: wirtschafts- und unternehmensethische Reflexionen im Anschluss an Papst Franziskus.IngeborgGabriel,Peter G. Kirchschläger &Richard Sturn (eds.) -2017 - Ostfildern: Matthias Grünewald Verlag.detailsDiese Wirtschaft totet! besonders dieser Satz von Papst Franziskus hat beachtliche Aufmerksamkeit gefunden. Aber: Welche Wirtschaft totet? Und welche fordert Leben? Dieser Band stellt wirtschaftswissenschaftliche, ethische und theologische Ansatze vor, die Verengungen in gegenwartigen Theorien uberwinden: Welche Bedeutung haben offentlicher Guter? Wie lassen sich soziale und okologische Dimensionen in die Wirtschaftstheorie integrieren? Wie sollte eine Finanzwirtschaft aussehen, die der Realwirtschaft dient? Was ist die Verantwortung des Konsumenten? Diese und weitere Grundfragen, die in den wirtschaftswissenschaftlichen Mainstream-Theorien zu kurz kommen, erinnern die (...) Wirtschaft daran, dem Leben dienen zu mussen. (shrink)
Im Weltfernen Orient: Ein Reisebericht.AlfonsGabriel -1929 - De Gruyter.detailsKeine ausführliche Beschreibung für "Im weltfernen Orient" verfügbar.
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