An Epidemic Model with Pro and Anti-vaccine Groups.L. H. A. Monteiro &G. S.Harari -2022 -Acta Biotheoretica 70 (3):1-13.detailsHere, an epidemiological model considering pro and anti-vaccination groups is proposed and analyzed. In this model, susceptible individuals can migrate between these two groups due to the influence of false and true news about safety and efficacy of vaccines. From this model, written as a set of three ordinary differential equations, analytical expressions for the disease-free steady state, the endemic steady state, and the basic reproduction number are derived. It is analytically shown that low vaccination rate and no influx to (...) the pro-vaccination group have similar impacts on the long-term amount of infected individuals. Numerical simulations are performed with parameter values of the COVID-19 pandemic to illustrate the analytical results. The possible relevance of this work is discussed from a public health perspective. (shrink)
Pre-Christian Speculation.G. S. Kirk -1957 -Review of Metaphysics 11 (1):160 - 161.detailsI do not mean to suggest that Kroner's book is not in many places interesting and learned, nor that, in its original form of lectures, it had no value. But, apart from the exaggeration and distortion of the central thesis, the detailed treatment of historical points leaves one with little confidence and robs the work of what usefulness it might have had. Thus an unquestioning application of Nietzche's division of Greek thinkers into 'Dionysiac' and 'Apollonian' leads to remarks like the (...) following: "Aristotle has little in common with the Dionysian romanticism and universal dynamism of Heraclitus, and yet there is a kinship between them based upon becoming instead of being". What evidence we have for the Presocratic period is harshly treated. On p. 85 this is the 'more literal' of two versions of Anaximander's fragment and its introduction: "All things are going back through destruction, whence they had come through generation, according to what is due; for they suffer just punishment by repayment to each other the wrong in the succession of time"--but Anaximander did not, in fact, write nonsense like this. Even a simple sentence like Heraclitus fr. 113 is mistranslated as "Thinking is the same for all," where the Greek is ξυνόν and not τὸ αὐτό. Nor is Kroner incapable of rebuking others for mistakes of his own; thus on p. 110 he writes: "J. Burnet, e.g., waters down the words of Parmenides which literally rendered are: 'The same is to know and that on behalf of which thought is,' by letting Parmenides say: 'You cannot find thought without something that is as to which it is uttered.'" But Burnet was translating not the line translated by Kroner, but the following one, a line ignored by Kroner and one which seriously damages his interpretation of Parmenides. Then the Greek word ἰδέαι, used of Plato's Forms, is implied to connote ideas existing in the mind; Socrates is the most worth-while of Greek thinkers because in some respects he resembled Jesus Christ; he was not really an ethical thinker, though, and in any case Plato's Forms owed nothing to him--and so on. The best treatment is of Aristotle; and there are many short sections of acute discussion, as, for example, on the meaning of the second part of the Parmenides. But the mind may be spinning so wildly by the time it reaches them that it is incapable of recognizing them. Cambridge University. (shrink)
Five papers on logic and foundations.G. S. Ceitin (ed.) -1971 - Providence, R.I.,: American Mathematical Society.detailsMarkov, A. A. On constructive mathematics.--Ceĭtin, G. S. Mean value theorems in constructive analysis.--Zaslavskiĭ, I. D. and Ceĭtlin, G. S. On singular coverings and properties of constructive functions connected with them.--Maslov, S. Ju. Certain properties of E. L. Post's apparatus of canonical calculi.--Zaslavskiĭ, I. D. Graph schemes with memory.
Royce's Metaphysics. [REVIEW]G. S. R. -1957 -Review of Metaphysics 10 (3):542-542.detailsAn early work of Marcel's, mainly expository, written because he held that a contemporary philosopher cannot reflect on questions of time and eternity and of the nature of the individual without close scrutiny of Royce's solution. Marcel develops Royce's conception of absolute idealism from the analysis of certain perennial problems of epistemology. The problematic approach lends cogency to a lucid exposition.--R. G. S.
Medical ethics and the elderly.G. S. Rai,Gurdeep S. Rai &Iva Blackman (eds.) -2014 - London: Radcliffe Publishing.detailsThe Fourth Edition of this bestselling, highly regarded book has been fully revised to incorporate changes in law and clinical guidance making a vital impact on patient management, encompassing: The Equalities Act 2010 which provides a right of older people to treatment without discrimination ; Case law on withdrawing nutrition and hydration ; Updated guidance on resuscitation from the Resuscitation Council, the British Medical Association and the Royal College of Nursing ; The redefining of good medical practice by the General (...) Medical Council ; The abolition of the Liverpool Care Pathway with an updated guidance on end of life care and advance care planning. Expanded throughout, this new edition also integrates two entirely new chapters covering testamentary capacity and role of the physician, and religious beliefs and end of life issues. Its practical, reflective and informative approach continue to make it essential reading for all health professionals, particularly trainees, involved in making difficult decisions in the care of older persons. It is also highly recommended for undergraduate medical students. (shrink)
Wilhelm Dilthey's Philosophy of History. [REVIEW]G. S. R. -1957 -Review of Metaphysics 10 (3):541-541.detailsAn intellectual biography, sketching the development from Dilthey, the theologian, to Dilthey, the philosopher of history and culture. The major intellectual influences are presented in the variegated setting of the contemporary scholarly community and the dominant modes of thought and controversies in that community. A systematic exposition of Dilthey's thought follows. Altogether a lucid and interesting introduction to Dilthey.--R. G. S.
An Analytical Commentary on Wittgenstein's Philosophical Investigations.G. P. Baker &P. M. S. Hacker -1980 - Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell. Edited by P. M. S. Hacker & Gordon P. Baker.detailsTHE TITLE W. used the title 'Philosophische Untersuchungen, Versuch einer Umar- beitung' as the heading of his 1936 revision of Br. B. in Vol. ...
A hundred years of evolution.G. S. Carter -1957 - London,: Sidgwick & Jackson.detailsThis work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and (...) made generally available to the public. To ensure a quality reading experience, this work has been proofread and republished using a format that seamlessly blends the original graphical elements with text in an easy-to-read typeface. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant. (shrink)
Adam Smith’s Politics. [REVIEW]G. S. S. -1979 -Review of Metaphysics 33 (2):452-453.detailsThe purpose of Donald Winch’s "historiographic revision" is to show that most recent interpretations of Smith have distorted his meaning because they have misread the intention of Smith’s work, treating it either as the first great justification of the nascent liberal capitalist polity, or as such a justification infiltrated by intimations of the Marxian notion of alienation. In Winch’s view, either account of Smith’s project is misleading by virtue of imposing nineteenth-century perspectives and categories upon "what is quintessentially a work (...) of the eighteenth century." The problem, then, is to determine the historically appropriate context or problematic within which the complex and at times paradoxical thought of the Wealth of Nations, the Theory of Moral Sentiments, and the Lectures on Jurisprudence can reasonably be situated. As Winch notes, his study is an application of the contextualist methodological principles of Quentin Skinner and J. G. A. Pocock, and is similar in design to recent works on Locke by John Dunn and on Hume by Duncan Forbes. (shrink)
Some Problems in Anaximander.G. S. Kirk -1955 -Classical Quarterly 5 (1-2):21-.detailsThis article deals with four almost classic problems in Anaximander. of these the first is of comparatively minor importance, and the second is important not for what Anaximander thought but for what Aristotle thought he thought. Problem i is: Did Anaximander describe his as ? Problem 2: Did Aristotle mean Anaximander when he referred to people who postulated an intermediate substance ? Problem 3: Did Anaximander think that there were innumerable successive worlds? Problem 4: What is the extent and implication (...) of the extant fragment of Anaximander? Appended is a brief consideration of the nature of Theophrastus' source-material for Anaximander; on one's opinion of this question the assessment of the last two problems will clearly depend. (shrink)
Optics, the Science of Vison. [REVIEW]G. S. R. -1957 -Review of Metaphysics 11 (1):167-167.detailsA number of ordinarily separate disciplines--e.g., physics, physiology, psychology--are here brought together in an effort to reconstitute optics as the complete science of human vision, thus replacing classical optics which dealt with vision only under perfect conditions. The emphasis is primarily scientific rather than philosophical.--R. G. S.
Heraclitus: The Cosmic Fragments.G. S. Kirk (ed.) -2010 - Cambridge University Press.detailsThis work provides a text and an extended study of those fragments of Heraclitus' philosophical utterances whose subject is the world as a whole rather than man and his part in it. Professor Kirk discusses fully the fragments which he finds genuine and treats in passing others that were generally accepted as genuine but here considered paraphrased or spurious. In securing his text, Professor Kirk has taken into account all the ancient testimonies, and in his critical work he attached particular (...) importance to the context in which each fragment is set. To each he gives a selective apparatus, a literal translation and and an extended commentary in which problems of textual and philosophical criticism are discussed. Ancient accounts of Heraclitus were inadequate and misleading, and as Kirk wrote, understanding was often hindered by excessive dogmatism and a selective use of the fragments. Professor Kirk's method is critical and objective, and his 1954 work marks a significant advance in the study of Presocratic thought. (shrink)
Graven Images. [REVIEW]G. S. R. -1957 -Review of Metaphysics 11 (1):164-164.detailsAn interesting essay in the phenomenology of moral value. The authors regard all traditional ethics as "deformations" of the Christian ethics of love and submission to God. Traditional mores, or the laws of the state, are seen as substitutes for Christian ethics--as are liberalism, identification of morality with honor, humaneness, self-development, altruism, self-control, moderation, etc. The work is primarily descriptive, and arguments in defense of viewing Christian ethics as the only genuine morality of which all others are preversions, are scarce.--R. (...) G. S. (shrink)
Jean-Jacques Rousseau: Religion und Staat. [REVIEW]G. S. R. -1958 -Review of Metaphysics 12 (1):144-145.detailsGlum defends two theses: that Rousseau's political philosophy can be understood only against a religious background, and that Rousseau can supply the West with the democratic theory of the state which it is now lacking. To support the latter claim, he attempts a detailed refutation of those commentators who regard Rousseau as the father of totalitarian regimes and doctrines.--R. G. S.
Karl Jaspers: Philosophen des 20. Jahrhunderts. [REVIEW]G. S. R. -1958 -Review of Metaphysics 11 (3):519-519.detailsThis is the second volume in the Library of Living Philosophers which has appeared in German; it follows the familiar pattern of the other volumes in this series. The long autobiographical sketch sets the scene for a philosophy asserting that it deals with a reality which, ultimately, cannot be known unequivocally but must be realized in the philosopher's existence and which, accordingly, always presents reality in a definite historical perspective. The articles are introduced by an illuminating explanation of some of (...) the key terms in Jasper's work. Some of these are discussed in critical detail in the next six articles. Four further pieces place Jaspers in his historical situation, although not with that detail and completeness which Jaspers' historicism would seem to demand. These papers deal with Jaspers' relation to Max Weber, Judaism, Nietzsche and Kierkegaard. A final, rather extensive section explores the relations between Jaspers' central position and such peripheral philosophical doctrines as political philosophy, aesthetics, criticism, the philosophies of history and religion. This volume is particularly successful in mirroring the philosophy which it tries to clarify and celebrate, for it brings to light select aspects of a philosophy which maintains that reality can only be illuminated in part, but can never be known as a whole. Appropriate to the philosophy which tends to identify the philosopher's knowing with his being, Jaspers' final reply to his critics not only makes his ideas clearer but reveals a person of impressive human stature.--R. G. S. (shrink)
Philosophie des Schöpferischen. [REVIEW]G. S. R. -1958 -Review of Metaphysics 11 (4):697-697.detailsThrough examination of organic process as well as intellectual achievements, the author discovers a creative principle underlying all being. This leads, indirectly, to a participation of all beings in one another and, therefore, to an ethic of unlimited responsibility of all for all.--R. G. S.
Psychical Research. [REVIEW]G. S. R. -1956 -Review of Metaphysics 10 (1):178-178.detailsA sober account of some striking examples of various "para-normal phenomena," like telepathy, clairvoyance, materializations, and poltergeists. The author tries to show that "here in para-psychology are facts which completely undermine the complacent materialism of the past century." He adduces interesting evidence derived from experiments and controlled observation, but the explanatory hypotheses put forward are less convincing.--R. G. S.
Raison Philosophique et Religion Révélée. [REVIEW]G. S. R. -1957 -Review of Metaphysics 10 (4):723-723.detailsWith considerable intellectual agility the author defends the traditional Catholic views on such varied themes as faith and reason and marriage and celibacy. One must admire the author's intellectual resourcefulness even where his philosophy verges on homiletics. --R. G. S.
Schriften aus dem Nachlass, I. [REVIEW]G. S. R. -1958 -Review of Metaphysics 12 (1):149-149.detailsThis volume contains shorter pieces of Scheler's dealing with phenomenology and ethico-religious problems. All but two had been published posthumously in 1933, and are now reissued within the framework of the new edition of Scheler's works.--R. G. S.
Salzburger Jahrbuch für Philosophie und Psychologie. [REVIEW]G. S. R. -1958 -Review of Metaphysics 11 (4):698-698.detailsIn this volume a number of papers on philosophy and psychology are brought together in order to re-establish communication between the two disciplines. The papers range over widely varied topics, from a discussion of an Aristotle manuscript to the diagnostic value of the Rorschach test.--R.G.S.
Von Husserl zu Heidegger: Kritik der Phaenomenologischen Philosophie. [REVIEW]G. S. R. -1957 -Review of Metaphysics 11 (2):348-348.detailsThe author regards himself as a champion of "philosophical rationalism" in terms of which he criticizes phenomenological philosophers--Husserl, Scheler, Hartmann and Heidegger--for their intuitionism. Though usually devastating, the criticisms are frequently so unsympathetic that they remain philosophically unproductive.--R. G. S.
When the Time Had Fully Come. [REVIEW]G. S. R. -1957 -Review of Metaphysics 11 (1):167-167.detailsA concise and informative discussion of key concepts in the New Testament: the kingdom of God; the ethic of the Sermon on the Mount; the concepts of guilt and redemption in Pauline theology. The author tries to interpret these concepts against the background of centuries of theological controversy.--R. G. S.
No categories
The Case Against the Nuclear Atom. [REVIEW]S. M. G. -1964 -Review of Metaphysics 18 (1):178-178.detailsIn this volume the author adopts a rather unusual and unorthodox position regarding selected constructs of modern micro-physics. For example, he argues that the hypothesis of extra-nuclear electrons is not required by any empirical or methodological considerations whatever, and that their supposition within the body of micro-physical theory is thus unwarranted and productive of several well-known epistemological dilemmas. Larson quotes many and diverse contemporary sources, and succeeds in rattling all the appropriate skeletons in the physicist's closet. He fails, however, to (...) offer concise alternatives to the positions he so enthusiastically attacks.—G. S. M. (shrink)
Options in African Philosophy.G. S. Sogolo -1990 -Philosophy 65 (251):39 - 52.detailsProfessor Peter Bodunrin's paper ‘The Question of African Philosophy’ 161–179) has, as it were, become the first question for most African scholars, teachers or students, starting a course in African philosophy. In most of the discussions, the controversy over what constitutes an African philosophy tends to dominate, sometimes so much that it forms almost the entire content of the course.
The Mystical Theology of St. Bernard. [REVIEW]G. S. R. -1956 -Review of Metaphysics 9 (4):703-703.detailsThis book, first published in 1940, accomplishes three tasks: 1) it gives a lucidly fascinating account of the theology underlying St. Bernard's diagnosis of man's condition and the cure proposed by him--monastic asceticism leading to mystical union; 2) it rectifies misinterpretations of St. Bernard's doctrine of carnal love as the first step to pure love; and 3) it uncovers the major sources of this system of theology: Cicero, Augustine, the Epistle of St. John, Dionysius and the Rule of St. Benedict. (...) The interest of the work is enhanced by appendices on Abelard, on the relation of Cistercian Mysticism to courtly love and on William of Saint-Thierry.--R. G. S. (shrink)