Ethical and human rights considerations in public health in low and middle-income countries: an assessment using the case of Uganda’s responses to COVID-19 pandemic.Nelson K. Sewankambo,Joseph Ochieng,Erisa Mwaka Sabakaki,FredrickNelsonNakwagala &John Barugahare -2020 -BMC Medical Ethics 21 (1):1-12.detailsBackgroundIn response to COVID-19 pandemic, the Government of Uganda adopted public health measures to contain its spread in the country. Some of the initial measures included refusal to repatriate citizens studying in China, mandatory institutional quarantine, and social distancing. Despite being a public health emergency, the measures adopted deserve critical appraisal using an ethics and human rights approach. The goal of this paper is to formulate an ethics and human rights criteria for evaluating public health measures and use it to (...) reflect on the ethical propriety of those adopted by the government of Uganda to contain the spread of COVID-19.Main bodyWe begin by illustrating the value of ethics and human rights considerations for public health measures including during emergencies. We then summarize Uganda’s social and economic circumstances and some of the measures adopted to contain the spread of COVID-19. After reviewing some of the ethics and human rights considerations for public health, we reflect upon the ethical propriety of some of Uganda’s responses to COVID-19. We use content analysis to identify the measures adopted by the government of Uganda to contain the spread of COVID-19, the ethics and human rights considerations commonly recommended for public health responses and their importance. Our study found that some of the measures adopted violate ethics and human rights principles. We argue that even though some human rights can sometimes be legitimately derogated and limited to meet public health goals during public health emergencies, measures that infringe on human rights should satisfy certain ethics and human rights criteria. Some of these criteria include being effective, strictly necessary, proportionate to the magnitude of the threat, reasonable in the circumstances, equitable, and least restrictive. We reflect on Uganda’s initial measures to combat the spread of COVID-19 and argue that many of them fell short of these criteria, and potentially limit their effectiveness.ConclusionThe ethical legitimacy of public health measures is valuable in itself and for enhancing effectiveness of the measures. Such legitimacy depends on the extent to which they conform to ethics and human rights principles recommended for public health measures. (shrink)
Experiences and practices of key research team members in obtaining informed consent for pharmacogenetic research among people living with HIV: a qualitative study.Nabukenya Sylvia,Ochieng Joseph,Kaawa-Mafigiri David,Munabi Ian,Nakigudde Janet,Nakwagala FrederickNelson,Barugahare John,Kwagala Betty,Ibingira Charles,Twimwijukye Adelline,SewankamboNelson &Mwaka Erisa Sabakaki -2022 -Research Ethics 18 (3):193-209.detailsResearch Ethics, Volume 18, Issue 3, Page 193-209, July 2022. This study aimed to explore experiences and practices of key research team members in obtaining informed consent for pharmacogenetics research and to identify the approaches used for enhancing understanding during the consenting process. Data collection involved 15 qualitative, in-depth interviews with key researchers who were involved in obtaining informed consent from HIV infected individuals in Uganda for participation in pharmacogenetic clinical trials. The study explored two prominent themes: approaches used to (...) convey information and enhance research participants’ understanding and challenges faced during the consenting process. Several barriers and facilitators for obtaining consent were identified. Innovative and potentially effective consenting strategies were identified in this study that should be studied and independently verified. (shrink)
Bioethics Training in Uganda: Report on Research and Clinical Ethics Workshops. [REVIEW]Cynthia Griggins,Christian Simon,FrederickNelsonNakwagala &Rebecca D. Pentz -2011 -HEC Forum 23 (1):43-56.detailsThis essay describes and critically evaluates a co-operative educational program to train Ugandan health care workers in bioethics. It describes one bottom-up effort, a week-long intensive workshop in bioethics provided by the authors to health care professionals in a developing country—Uganda. We will describe the background and circumstances that led to the organization of the workshop, and review its planning, design, curriculum, and outcome. We will focus especially on measures taken to make the workshop relevant for the audience of Ugandan (...) professionals, and describe lessons learned after two presentations of the workshop. Finally, we will discuss the strengths and weaknesses of such a format, and its potential value in raising bioethical expertise in developing countries. (shrink)
The Ethical Role of the Consultant.William B. Weeks &William A.Nelson -1993 -Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 2 (4):477.detailsIn the United States, physicians are Increasingly functioning In the consultative role. This change in role Is undoubtedly a result of a surge in the numbers of specialists, the relative decreasing number of primary care physicians, and the emergence of tertiary care centers as primary treatment providers. This change In the style of practicing medicine has led to role confusion In attending physician-patient-consultant relationships.
The growth of religion.HenryNelson Wieman -1938 - Chicago,: Willett, Clark. Edited by Walter Marshall Horton.detailspt. I. The historical growth of religion, by W. M. Horton.--pt. II. Contemporary growth of religion, by H. N. Wieman.
Correction to: Valencies of the lanthanides.David A. Johnson &Peter G.Nelson -2018 -Foundations of Chemistry 21 (1):47-48.detailsThe authors regret that there are errors in equation and subsequent discussion. The correct version is as follows.
Erratum to: Valencies of the lanthanides.David A. Johnson &Peter G.Nelson -2017 -Foundations of Chemistry 20 (1):29-30.detailsThe authors regret that there are errors in equation and subsequent discussion.
Biografias não autorizadas: Uma discussão inócua no brasil?Anna EmanuellaNelson dos Santos Cavalcanti da Rocha -2014 -Revista Fides 5 (2).detailsBIOGRAFIAS NÃO AUTORIZADAS: UMA DISCUSSÃO INÓCUA NO BRASIL?
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Da Família À Amizade e Fraternidade Em Montaigne.Nelson Maria Brechó da Silva -2010 -Kínesis - Revista de Estudos Dos Pós-Graduandos Em Filosofia 2 (3):359-374.detailsO presente trabalho pretende situar o conceito da amizade em Montaigne. Desse modo, da amizade nasce a justiça, porque as pessoas amam reciprocamente. Elas têm como referência a comunicação. Esta indica uma nova imagem das pessoas: a fraternidade, que promove a comunhão e partilha de ideias e experiências. A análise do texto permitirá reflexões sobre o sentido maior da amizade à luz da imagem da família, da amizade e da fraternidade.
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Β‐Catenin at the Centrosome.Bertrade C. Mbom,W. JamesNelson &Angela Barth -2013 -Bioessays 35 (9):804-809.detailsBeta‐catenin is a multifunctional protein with critical roles in cell‐cell adhesion, Wnt‐signaling and the centrosome cycle. Whereas the roles of β‐catenin in cell‐cell adhesion and Wnt‐signaling have been studied extensively, the mechanism(s) involving β‐catenin in centrosome functions are poorly understood. β‐Catenin localizes to centrosomes and promotes mitotic progression. NIMA‐related protein kinase 2 (Nek2), which stimulates centrosome separation, binds to and phosphorylates β‐catenin. β‐Catenin interacting proteins involved in Wnt signaling such as adenomatous polyposis coli, Axin, and GSK3β, are also localized at (...) centrosomes and play roles in promoting mitotic progression. Additionally, proteins associated with cell‐cell adhesion sites, such as dynein, regulate mitotic spindle positioning. These roles of proteins at the cell cortex and Wnt signaling that involve β‐catenin indicate a cross‐talk between different sub‐cellular sites in the cell at mitosis, and that different pools of β‐catenin may co‐ordinate centrosome functions and cell cycle progression. (shrink)
How Catherine does go on: Northanger Abbey and moral thought.James LindemannNelson -2010 -Philosophy and Literature 34 (1):pp. 188-200.detailsA certain pupil with the vaguely Kafkaesque name B has mastered the series of natural numbers. B's new task is to learn how to write down other series of cardinal numbers and right now, we're working on the series "+2." After a bit, B seems to catch on, but we are unusually thorough teachers and keep him at it. Things are going just fine until he reaches 1000. Then, quite confounding us, he writes 1004, 1008, 1012."We say to him: 'Look (...) what you've done!'—He doesn't understand. We say: 'You were meant to add two: look how you began the series!'—He answers: 'Yes, isn't it right? I thought that was how I was meant to do it.'"1B may be an "abnormal learner," but he's not unique among learners in literature. Another .. (shrink)