The Emergence of Modern Aesthetic Theory: Religion and Morality inEnlightenment Germany and Scotland.Simon Grote -2017 - New York: Cambridge University Press.detailsBroad in its geographic scope and yet grounded in original archival research, this book situates the inception of modern aesthetic theory – the philosophical analysis of art and beauty - in theological contexts that are crucial to explaining why it arose. Simon Grote presents seminal aesthetic theories of the German and Scottish Enlightenments as outgrowths of a quintessentiallyEnlightenment project: the search for a natural 'foundation of morality' and a means of helping naturally self-interested human beings transcend their own (...) self-interest. This conclusion represents an important alternative to the standard history of aesthetics as a series of preludes to the achievements of Immanuel Kant, as well as a reinterpretation of several canonical figures in the German and Scottish Enlightenments. It also offers a foundation for a transnational history of theEnlightenment without the French philosophes at its centre, while solidly endorsing historians' growing reluctance to call theEnlightenment a secularising movement. (shrink)
Bodies of thought: science, religion, and the soul in the earlyEnlightenment.Ann Thomson -2008 - New York: Oxford University Press.details'The church in danger' : latitudinarians, Socinians, and Hobbists -- Animal spirits and living fibres -- Mortalists and materialists -- Journalism, exile, and clandestinity -- Mid-eighteenth-century materialism -- Epilogue : some consequences.
Otto Neurath and Ludwig von Mises. Philosophy, Politics, and Economics in Viennese LateEnlightenment.Alexander Linsbichler -2021 -Erasmus Journal for Philosophy and Economics 14 (2).detailsLogical empiricism and the Austrian School of economics are two of the internationally most influential intellectual movements with Viennese roots. By and large independently of each other, both have been subject to detailed historical and philosophical investigations for the last two dec-ades. However, in spite of numerous connections and interactions be-tween the two groups, their relationship has captured surprisingly sparse attention. My dissertation focuses on the many-faceted juxtaposition of two supposedly antagonistic championsof Viennese LateEnlightenment: logical empiricist Otto Neurath (...) and Austrian economist Ludwig Mises. I rationally reconstruct and critically compare their epistemological, meth-odological, and economic positions and demonstrate that a closer look reveals more compatibilities and similarities than acknowledged by the received view and by the protagonists themselves. Over and above the historiographic task of challenging and amending this received view, the analytic components of my thesis inform contemporary debates in phi-losophy, politics, economics, and other sciences. (shrink)
The Quest for a Global Age of Reason. Part II: Cultural Appropriation and Racism in the Name ofEnlightenment.Dag Herbjørnsrud -2021 -Dialogue and Universalism 31 (3):133-155.detailsThe Age ofEnlightenment is more global and complex than the standard Eurocentric Colonial Canon narrative presents. For example, before the advent of unscientific racism and the systematic negligence of the contributions of Others outside of “White Europe,” Raphael centered Ibn Rushd (Averroes) in his Vatican fresco “Causarum Cognitio” (1511); the astronomer Edmund Halley taught himself Arabic to be more enlightened; The Royal Society of London acknowledged the scientific method developed by Ibn Al-Haytham (Alhazen). In addition, if we study (...) the Transatlantic texts of the late 18th century, it is not Kant, but instead enlightened thinkers like Anton Wilhelm Amo (born in present-day’s Ghana), Phillis Wheatley (Senegal region), and Toussaint L’Ouverture (Haiti), who mostly live up to the ideals of reason, humanism, universalism, and human rights. One obstacle to developing a more balanced presentation of the Age of theEnlightenment is the influence of colonialism, Eurocentrism, and methodological nationalism. Consequently, this paper, part II of two, will also deal with the EuropeanEnlightenment’s unscientific heritage of scholarly racism from the 1750s. It will be demonstrated how Linnaeus, Hume, Kant, and Hegel were among the Founding Fathers of intellectual white supremacy within the Academy. Hence, the Age ofEnlightenment is not what we are taught to believe. This paper will demonstrate how the lights from different “Global Enlightenments” can illuminate paths forward to more dialogue and universalism in the 21st century. (shrink)
The creative imagination:Enlightenment to Romanticism.James Engell -1981 - Cambridge: Harvard University Press.detailsIn a work of astonishing intellectual range, James Engell traces the evolution of the creative imagination, from its emergence in British empirical thought through its flowering in Romantic art and literature. The notion of a creative imagination, Engell shows, was the most powerful and important development of the eighteenth century. It grew simultaneously in literature, criticism, philosophy, psychology, religion, and science, attracting such diverse minds as Hobbes, Addison, Gerard, Goethe, Kant, and Coleridge. Indeed, rather than discussing merely the abstract notion (...) of the imagination, Engell examines the community of thinkers, especially in England and Germany, who joined to pursue and develop what became the most fascinating and suggestive concept of modern Western thought. For as the imagination became the dominant subject of literature, its meanings multiplied. Finally it came to be seen as the crown of artistic creation and as the mediator in the ongoing dialectic between matter and spirit, materialism and transcendentalism. (shrink)
Socrates and theenlightenment path.William Bodri -2001 - Boston: Weiser Books.detailsWilliam Bodri shows that Socrates had attained a spiritual stage called samadhi, satisfying the requirements specified in Buddhist systems of one who had ...
Printing Religion after theEnlightenment.Timothy Stanley -2022 - Lanham: Lexington Books | Rowman and Littlefield Publishers.detailsOver the course of the seventeenth to eighteenth centuries, an interior private notion of religion gained wide public recognition. It then spread through settler colonial contexts around the world. It has since been criticized for its abstract, immaterial nature as well as its irrelevance to traditions beyond the European context. However, such critiques obscure the contradiction between religion’s definition as a matter of interior privacy and its public visibility in various printed publications. Firstly, this monograph responds by re-evaluating the cultural (...) impact of the exterior forms in which religious texts were printed, such as pamphlets, broadsheets, books and journals. Secondly, it applies that evidence to critical studies of religion shaped by the crisis of representation in the human sciences. While Jacques Derrida is oft-cited as a progenitor of that crisis, the opposite case is made. Lastly, it draws on Derrida’s thought to reframe the relation between a religious text’s internal hermeneutic interests and its external forms. In sum, a new model is provided of how religion was printed in ways that can be compared to other material cultures around the world. (shrink)
The TalmudistEnlightenment: Talmudic Judaism’s Confrontational Rational Theology.Menachem Fisch -2020 -European Journal for Philosophy of Religion 12 (2):37-63.detailsRobert Brandom's "The PragmatistEnlightenment" describes the advent of American pragmatism as signaling a sea-change in our understanding of human reason away from the top-down Euclidian models of reasoning, warrant and knowledge inspired by the physical sciences, toward the far more bottom-up, narrative, inherently fallible and dialogical forms of reasoning of the life and human sciences. It is against this backdrop that Talmudic Judaism emerges not only as an early anticipation of the pragmatistenlightenment, but as going a (...) substantial and radical step beyond it, that in the context of religious commitment and reasoning, is unprecedented. (shrink)
In the Shadow of Catastrophe: German Intellectuals Between Apocalypse andEnlightenment.Anson Rabinbach -1997 - University of California Press.detailsThese essays by eminent European intellectual and cultural historian Anson Rabinbach address the writings of key figures in twentieth-century German philosophy. Rabinbach explores their ideas in relation to the two world wars and the horrors facing Europe at that time. Analyzing the work of Benjamin and Bloch, he suggests their indebtedness to the traditions of Jewish messianism. In a discussion of Hugo Ball's little-known _Critique of the German Intelligentsia_, Rabinbach reveals the curious intellectual career of the Dadaist and antiwar activist (...) turned-nationalist and anti-Semite. His examination of Heidegger's "Letter on Humanism" and Jaspers's _The Question of German Guilt_ illuminates the complex and often obscure political referents of these texts. Turning to Horkheimer and Adorno's _Dialectic of Enlightenment_, Rabinbach offers an arresting new interpretation of this central text of the critical theory of the Frankfurt School. Subtly and persuasively argued, his book will become an indispensable reference point for all concerned with twentieth-century German history and thought. (shrink)
Descartes and theEnlightenment.Peter A. Schouls -1989 - Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.detailsPeter Schouls examines the role played by the concepts of freedom, mastery, and progress in Descartes' writings, arguing that these ideas express a vital and ...
Toward an IslamicEnlightenment: The Gülen Movement.M. Hakan Yavuz -2013 - Oup Usa.detailsM. Hakan Yavuz offers an insightful and wide-ranging study of the Gulen Movement, one of the most controversial developments in contemporary Islam. Founded in Turkey by the Muslim thinker Fethullah Gulen, the Gulen Movement aims to disseminate a ''moderate'' interpretation of Islam through faith-based education.
Philosophical Interventions in the Unfinished Project ofEnlightenment.Axel Honneth &William Rehg -1992 - MIT Press.detailsThese 11 essays by noted philosophers and social theorists take up the philosophical aspects of Jürgen Habermas's unfinished project of reconstructingenlightenment rationality. They range in subject matter from classical problems to contemporary debates, covering historical perspectives, theoretical issues, and post-enlightenment challenges. A companion volume of essays will take up the cultural and political aspects of the work. Together, the two volumes underscore the richness and variety of Habermas's project. Contributors Karl-Otto Apel, Richard J. Bernstein, Peter Bürger, Martin (...) Jay, Thomas McCarthy, Herbert Schnädelbach, Charles Taylor, Michael Theunissen, Ernst Tugendhat, Albrecht Wellmer. (shrink)
The "world" of theenlightenment to come.Jacques Derrida -2003 -Research in Phenomenology 33 (1):9-52.detailsTaking as its point of departure Edmund Husserl's 1935-36 text The Crisis of European Sciences, this essay attempts to develop a new conception of reason by means of a thoroughgoing critique of some ideas often used to support and define it. Because the notion of "enlightenment" has been tied since the time of Kant to a certain coming of age of reason or rationality, the "enlightenment" to come must at once draw upon the resources of this reason and (...) open reason to some of the aporias it has traditionally rejected. Reducible neither to a simple irrationalism nor to a mere mode of calculative thought, such reason must ultimately challenge, it is argued, not only the sovereignty and identity of the subject but the very concepts of sovereignty and identity. Only such a renewed thinking of reason or of what is reasonable, the essay suggests, can help us diagnose, analyze, and help treat some of the aporias posed by a whole host of contemporary issues, from cloning to the erosion of the nation-state to globalization and terrorism. Only in this way can we at once "save the honor of reason" - to use a phrase that runs throughout the essay - and help reorient the reason of politics, of the sciences, and, indeed, of philosophy along the lines of a more fundamental and urgent ethical imperative. (shrink)
Insight and theEnlightenment: WhyEinsicht in Chapter Six of Hegel’sPhenomenology of Spirit?Jeffrey Reid -2016 -Hegel Bulletin (2):1-23.detailsHegel uses the term Einsicht (‘insight’) throughout several key subsections of Chapter Six of the Phenomenology of Spirit (notably in ‘Faith and Pure Insight’ and ‘The Struggle of theEnlightenment with Superstition’). Nowhere else in his work does the term enjoy such a sustained treatment. Commentators generally accept Hegel’s use of the term in the Phenomenology as simply referring to the type of counter-religious reasoning found in the FrenchEnlightenment. I show how Hegel derives the term, through the (...) lens of Kant’s essay, ‘What Does It Mean to Orient Oneself in Thinking?’ from the Pantheismusstreit, the philosophical debate between Mendelssohn and Jacobi about knowledge of God. The Aufklärung provenance of Einsicht shows how a deep complicity between faith and reason, in the form of immediate knowing, leads beyond the Terror to a happier outcome in the Morality section. Finally, passing reference to Einsicht in the Vorbegriff of the Encyclopaedia Logic confirms its role in the ethical and political vocation of Hegel’s Science. (shrink)
The wild girl, natural man, and the monster: dangerous experiments in the Age ofEnlightenment.Julia V. Douthwaite -2002 - Chicago: University of Chicago Press.detailsThis study looks at the lives of the most famous "wild children" of eighteenth-century Europe, showing how they open a window onto European ideas about the potential and perfectibility of mankind. Julia V. Douthwaite recounts reports of feral children such as the wild girl of Champagne (captured in 1731 and baptized as Marie-Angelique Leblanc), offering a fascinating glimpse into beliefs about the difference between man and beast and the means once used to civilize the uncivilized. A variety of educational experiments (...) failed to tame these feral children by the standards of the day. After telling their stories, Douthwaite turns to literature that reflects on similar experiments to perfect human subjects. Her examples range from utopian schemes for progressive childrearing to philosophical tales of animated statues, from revolutionary theories of regenerated men to Gothic tales of scientists run amok. Encompassing thinkers such as Rousseau, Sade, Defoe, and Mary Shelley, Douthwaite shows how theEnlightenment conceived of mankind as an infinitely malleable entity, first with optimism, then with apprehension. Exposing the darker side of eighteenth-century thought, she demonstrates how advances in science gave rise to troubling ethical concerns, as parents, scientists, and politicians tried to perfect mankind with disastrous results. (shrink)
That was Zen this is Tao: living your way toenlightenment.Chris Prentiss -2023 - Los Angeles, CA: Power Press.detailsAn invaluable new guide to the most important journey of your life-from the author of Zen and the Art of Happiness. The ancient sages spoke of "Tao" not only as the spiritual essence of All-That-Is but as the path of living in harmony with the universe-the "way" that leads toenlightenment. Although we may not yet know it, we are all on this path. Your life is the path. In his new book, acclaimed author Chris Prentiss gently yet powerfully (...) guides us through the profound truths and possibilities at the heart of this journey as he unfolds the simple yet elegant philosophy that has brought real breakthroughs to so many. You'll explore what "enlightenment" really means, your true purpose for being, and the factors that actually shape your destiny. You'll learn life-changing skills to handle painful experiences, end suffering, and achieve authentic happiness. Finally, you'll discover how to create an ever-deepening connection with Tao to get the clarity and guidance you need in your daily life. No matter what tradition you follow, these bold, reassuring insights will open your eyes and touch your heart-empowering you as never before to let go of who you think you are, embrace who you truly are, and walk your unique personal path with greater energy, clarity, and inner peace"--Publisher's description. (shrink)
Enlightenment in the Dark Forest: Chan/Zen in Cixin Liu’s Three Body Trilogy.Ben Van Overmeire -2025 -Journal of Chinese Philosophy 51 (2-3):137-149.detailsThis article explores the Chan/Zen Buddhist elements in Cixin Liu’s Three Body science fiction trilogy, particularly through the character of Luo Ji 羅輯. By exploring these references, the provocative moral and political philosophy articulated in the books can be better understood. Ultimately, I argue that Liu presents a modified version of Chan/Zen as the philosophy best fit for confronting a hostile universe.
Between Heavenly and Earthly Cities: Religion and Humanity inEnlightenment Thought.Harvey Chisick -2021 -The European Legacy 26 (6):561-586.detailsFrom Carl Becker’s The Heavenly City of the Eighteenth-Century Philosophers to recent work on religion in theEnlightenment, it has been argued that theEnlightenment has significant religious elem...
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