Results for 'Emma Tom'
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- Confessions of a Kindergarten Leper.Emma Tom -2009 - In Russell Blackford & Udo Schüklenk,50 Voices of Disbelief. Wiley‐Blackwell. pp. 82–85.
- Is attention necessary for object identification? Evidence from eye movements during the inspection of real-world scenes.Geoffrey Underwood,Emma Templeman,Laura Lamming &Tom Foulsham -2008 -Consciousness and Cognition 17 (1):159-170.Eye movements were recorded during the display of two images of a real-world scene that were inspected to determine whether they were the same or not . In the displays where the pictures were different, one object had been changed, and this object was sometimes taken from another scene and was incongruent with the gist. The experiment established that incongruous objects attract eye fixations earlier than the congruous counterparts, but that this effect is not apparent until the picture has been (...) displayed for several seconds. By controlling the visual saliency of the objects the experiment eliminates the possibility that the incongruency effect is dependent upon the conspicuity of the changed objects. A model of scene perception is suggested whereby attention is unnecessary for the partial recognition of an object that delivers sufficient information about its visual characteristics for the viewer to know that the object is improbable in that particular scene, and in which full identification requires foveal inspection. (shrink)
- Failing to get the gist of what's being said: background noise impairs higher-order cognitive processing.John E. Marsh,Robert Ljung,Anatole Nöstl,Emma Threadgold &Tom A. Campbell -2015 -Frontiers in Psychology 6.
- Using Cognitive Agents to Train Negotiation Skills.Christopher A. Stevens,Jeroen Daamen,Emma Gaudrain,Tom Renkema,Jakob Dirk Top,Fokie Cnossen &Niels A. Taatgen -2018 -Frontiers in Psychology 9.
- Using Cognitive Agents to Train Negotiation Skills.Christopher A. Stevens,Jeroen Daamen,Emma Gaudrain,Tom Renkema,Jordi Top,Fokie Cnossen &Niels A. Taatgen -2018 -Frontiers in Psychology 9.
- A Defense of Universal Principles in Biomedical Ethics.Tom Beauchamp -2019 - In Juan Lecaros & Erick Valdés,Biolaw and Policy in the Twenty-First Century: Building Answers for New Questions. Springer Verlag.No categories
- The New Ethics of Neuroethics.Tom Buller -2018 -Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 27 (4):558-565.
- Value of choice.Tom Walker -2022 -Journal of Medical Ethics 48 (1):61-64.Accounts of the value of patient choice in contemporary medical ethics typically focus on the act of choosing. Being the one to choose, it is argued, can be valuable either because it enables one to bring about desired outcomes, or because it is a way of enacting one’s autonomy. This paper argues that all such accounts miss something important. In some circumstances, it is having the opportunity to choose, not the act of choosing, that is valuable. That is because in (...) many situations whether one has, or is denied, that opportunity conveys how one is seen. In particular, it conveys whether or not one is seen as an equal and competent member of society. Adequately recognising this fact has implications for what healthcare professionals should do, ones that require a move away from the current focus on autonomy. The paper draws out these implications by focusing on patients who may struggle to be recognised as competent and equal members of society, and whose autonomy may thus itself sometimes be in question. (shrink)
- Universal Prediction: A Philosophical Investigation.Tom F. Sterkenburg -2018 - Dissertation, University of GroningenIn this thesis I investigate the theoretical possibility of a universal method of prediction. A prediction method is universal if it is always able to learn from data: if it is always able to extrapolate given data about past observations to maximally successful predictions about future observations. The context of this investigation is the broader philosophical question into the possibility of a formal specification of inductive or scientific reasoning, a question that also relates to modern-day speculation about a fully automatized (...) data-driven science. I investigate, in particular, a proposed definition of a universal prediction method that goes back to Solomonoff and Levin. This definition marks the birth of the theory of Kolmogorov complexity, and has a direct line to the information-theoretic approach in modern machine learning. Solomonoff's work was inspired by Carnap's program of inductive logic, and the more precise definition due to Levin can be seen as an explicit attempt to escape the diagonal argument that Putnam famously launched against the feasibility of Carnap's program. The Solomonoff-Levin definition essentially aims at a mixture of all possible prediction algorithms. An alternative interpretation is that the definition formalizes the idea that learning from data is equivalent to compressing data. In this guise, the definition is often presented as an implementation and even as a justification of Occam's razor, the principle that we should look for simple explanations. The conclusions of my investigation are negative. I show that the Solomonoff-Levin definition fails to unite two necessary conditions to count as a universal prediction method, as turns out be entailed by Putnam's original argument after all; and I argue that this indeed shows that no definition can. Moreover, I show that the suggested justification of Occam's razor does not work, and I argue that the relevant notion of simplicity as compressibility is already problematic itself. (shrink)
- Introduction.Tom Regan -1980 - In Tom L. Beauchamp & Tom Regan,Matters of life and death. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
- The bird in the cage: A glimpse of my life.Tom Regan -1986 -Between the Species 2 (2):12.
- A stroll through the worlds of robots and animals: Applying Jakob von Uexkülls theory of meaning to adaptive robots and artificial life.Tom Ziemke &Noel E. Sharkey -2001 -Semiotica 2001 (134).
- Simulation Methods for an Abductive System in Science.Tom Addis,Jan Townsend Addis,Dave Billinge,David Gooding &Bart-Floris Visscher -2008 -Foundations of Science 13 (1):37-52.We argue that abduction does not work in isolation from other inference mechanisms and illustrate this through an inference scheme designed to evaluate multiple hypotheses. We use game theory to relate the abductive system to actions that produce new information. To enable evaluation of the implications of this approach we have implemented the procedures used to calculate the impact of new information in a computer model. Experiments with this model display a number of features of collective belief-revision leading to consensus-formation, (...) such as the influence of bias and prejudice. The scheme of inferential calculations invokes a Peircian concept of ‘belief’ as the propensity to choose a particular course of action. (shrink)
- When causality shapes the experience of time: Evidence for temporal binding in young children.Emma Blakey,Emma Tecwyn,Teresa McCormack,David A. Lagnado,Christoph Hoerl,Sara Lorimer &Marc J. Buehner -2019 -Developmental Science 22 (3):e12769.It is well established that the temporal proximity of two events is a fundamental cue to causality. Recent research with adults has shown that this relation is bidirectional: events that are believed to be causally related are perceived as occurring closer together in time—the so‐called temporal binding effect. Here, we examined the developmental origins of temporal binding. Participants predicted when an event that was either caused by a button press, or preceded by a non‐causal signal, would occur. We demonstrate for (...) the first time that children as young as 4 years are susceptible to temporal binding. Binding occurred both when the button press was executed via intentional action, and when a machine caused it. These results suggest binding is a fundamental, early developing property of perception and grounded in causal knowledge. (shrink)
- (1 other version)Rancière, human rights, and the limits of politics of process.Tom Frost -2016 - In Mónica López Lerma & Julen Etxabe,Ranciere and Law. New York, NY: Routledge.Export citation
Bookmark - Browning on inquiry into inquiry, Part I.Tom Burke -2009 -Transactions of the Charles S. Peirce Society 45 (1):27-44.This is the first of two papers addressing Browning’s “Designation, Characterization, and Theory in Dewey’s Logic” (2002) where he distinguishes a series of pre-theoretical and theoretical stages for developing a theory of logic. The second of these two papers will recommend a modified version of this scheme of stages of inquiry into inquiry. The present paper recounts Browning’s original version of these stages and the ramifications of not clearly distinguishing them. I respond to Browning’s claim that in Burke 1994 I (...) made two such mistakes of not properly distinguishing theoretical and pre-theoretical stages of inquiry into inquiry. (shrink)
- Sense-making with a little help from my friends.Tom Froese -2012 -Avant: Trends in Interdisciplinary Studies 3 (2):143-146.The work of Ezequiel Di Paolo and Hanne De Jaegher has helped to transform the enactive approach from relative obscurity into a hotly debated contender for the future science of social cognition and cognitive science more generally. In this short introduction I situate their contributions in what I see as important aspects of the bigger picture that is motivating and inspiring them as well as the rest of this young community. In particular, I sketch some of the social issues that (...) go beyond mere academic debate, including how the methods and assumptions that inform orthodox cognitive science are intrinsically related to the critical state of affairs in our world today. I conclude with some personal recollections in order to give an idea of the context in which their ideas, and mine as well, came to fruition. (shrink)
- The Thee Generation: Reflections on the Coming Revolution.Tom Regan (ed.) -1991 - Temple University Press.Addresses such topics as child pornography, feminism, deep ecology, vivisection, Christian theology and career choice.
- Philosophical problems of causation.Tom L. Beauchamp -1974 - Encino, Calif.,: Dickenson Pub. Co..
- Pensar la cultura o volver a descubrir el mundo.Emma León -2010 - In Hugo Zemelman,¿Como pensar las ciencias sociales hoy? [Bogotá, Colombia]: Universidad Pedagógica de Colombia.Export citation Bookmark
- Creating a New Discourse of Peace in Schools: Restorative Justice in Education.Tom Cavanagh -2009 -Journal for Peace and Justice Studies 18 (1/2):62-85.Creating a new discourse of peace in schools offers educators a choice in how they think, believe, and act in response to student wrongdoing and conflict. In this article the reader is introduced to how restorative justice principles can be used in education as a way of supporting a school-wide culture of care, where building and maintaining healthy relationships are fundamental principles. Thisnew discourse offers an alternative to the traditional discipline practices in schools, which focus on rules and consequences. The (...) literature, research and major findings underlying this new discourse are explained. Finally, circles are described as an application of this new discourse. (shrink)
- Ethical capital and the culture of integrity: three cases in the United Kingdom and New Zealand.Tom Cockburn,Khosro S. Jahdi &Edgar Gray Wilson -2012 - In Agata Stachowicz-Stanusch & Wolfgang Amann,Business integrity in practice: insights from international case studies. New York, N.Y.: Business Expert Press.Export citation Bookmark
- (1 other version)Reform within the Common Rule?Tom Puglisi -2013 -Hastings Center Report 43 (s1):40-42.In their papers in this supplement, Ruth Faden and colleagues conclude that research ethics and regulation must change to accommodate a changed and changing health care environment. The reality, however, is that the widely understood and accepted ethical framework embedded in the regulatory requirements known as the Common Rule, and recent proposals to modify the Common Rule have become stalled, at least for the foreseeable future, if not permanently. Meaningful systemic modernization of the Common Rule is not likely to occur (...) any time soon. All the same, modernization of the Common Rule is desperately needed. In the short term, the agencies responsible for implementing it must be willing to develop practical guidance for implementing the current regulatory requirements in a way that promotes clarity and understanding and allocates human and fiscal resources based on the level of risk to subjects. To this end, the Veterans Health Administration recently implemented policy to address the research‐practice distinction—a distinction that is especially relevant to VHA's current challenges and that the authors of the “ethical framework” articles have identified as particularly outmoded. (shrink)
- Educating for ethical leadership through web-based coaching.Tom Eide,Sandra van Dulmen &Hilde Eide -2016 -Nursing Ethics 23 (8):851-865.Background: Ethical leadership is important for developing ethical healthcare practice. However, there is little research-based knowledge on how to stimulate and educate for ethical leadership. Objectives: The aim was to develop and investigate the feasibility of a 6-week web-based, ethical leadership educational programme and learn from participants’ experience. Training programme and research design: A training programme was developed consisting of (1) a practice part, where the participating middle managers developed and ran an ethics project in their own departments aiming at (...) enhancing the ethical mindfulness of the organizational culture, and (2) a web-based reflection part, including online reflections and coaching while executing the ethics project. Focus group interviews were used to explore the participants’ experiences with and the feasibility of the training. Participants and research context: Nine middle managers were recruited from a part-time master’s programme in leadership in Oslo, Norway. The research context was the participating leaders’ work situation during the 6 weeks of training. Ethical considerations: Participation was voluntary, data anonymized and the confidentiality of the participating leaders/students and their institutions maintained. No patient or medical information was involved. Findings: Eight of the nine recruited leaders completed the programme. They evaluated the training programme as efficient and supportive, with the written, situational feedback/coaching as the most important element, enhancing reflection and motivation, counteracting a feeling of loneliness and promoting the execution of change. Discussion: The findings seem consistent with the basic assumptions behind the educational design, based partly on e-health research, feedback studies and organizational ethics methodology, partly on theories on workplace learning, reflection, recognition and motivation. Conclusion: The training programme seems feasible. It should be adjusted according to participants’ proposals and tested further in a large-scale study. (shrink)
- Logic and value.Tom Pauli &Thorild Dahlquist (eds.) -1970 - Uppsala,: [Filosofiska Föreningen och Filosofiska Institutionen vid Uppsala Universitet].No categories
- Debord, Time and History.Tom Bunyard -2011 -Historical Materialism 19 (1):3-36.This essay reads Guy Debord's theoretical work through its primary philosophical and theoretical influences, and in doing so draws attention to his concerns with time and history. These concerns are used as a means of clarifying Debord's theory of 'spectacle' and of highlighting its virtues and failings. The essay uses Debord's remarks on subjectivity and temporality to pursue the theoretical dimensions of his interest in strategy, and thereby addresses his Hegelian Marxism via his comments on the relation between strategy, history (...) and dialectics. His concerns with temporality are however also shown to pertain to the theory of spectacle's shortcomings as an account of capitalist society. The essay thus attempts to draw out some of the more neglected foundational material upon which the theory of spectacle rests, contending that the former may be of greater contemporary interest than the latter. (shrink)
- Two tibetan texts on the “neither one nor many” argument for Śūnyatā.Tom J. F. Tillemans -1984 -Journal of Indian Philosophy 12 (4):357-388.
- Radical ethical naturalism.Tom Whyman -2017 -Philosophy and Social Criticism 44 (2):159-178.In this article, I identify – and clear up – two problems for contemporary neo-Aristotelian ethical naturalism. The first I call the problem of alienation; the second the problem of conservatism. I argue that these problems will persist, both for ‘hard’ and ‘soft’ forms of ethical naturalism, unless ethical naturalists adopt what I call ‘Practical Realism’ about essential human form. Such a Practical Realism leaves open the possibility of radical social and political criticism – I therefore suggest that contemporary ethical (...) naturalists ought to be more interested in exploring the affinities their view shares with Marxist political thought. (shrink)No categories
- Democracy and schooling: The paradox of co‐operative schools in a neoliberal age?Tom Woodin &Cath Gristy -2022 -Journal of Philosophy of Education 56 (6):943–956.From the first co-operative trust school at Reddish Vale in Manchester in 2006, the following decade would witness a remarkable growth of ‘co-operative schools’ in England, which at one point numbered over 850. This paper outlines the key development of democratic education by the co-operative schools network. It explains the approach to democracy and explores the way values were put into practice. At the heart of co-operativism lay a tension between engaging with technical everyday reforms and utopian transformative visions of (...) an educational future. A new arena of debate and practice was established with considerable importance for our understanding of democratic education within the mainstream. (shrink)
- Ethical Perspectives on the Treatment and Status of Animals.Tom Regan -1995 - In[no title]. Macmillan Library Reference, Simon and Schuster. pp. 159-171.No categoriesExport citation Bookmark
- Moore: The Liberator.Tom Regan -1988 -Reason Papers 13:94-108.Export citation Bookmark
- Is Marx a Pragmatist?Tom Rockmore -2016 -Pragmatism Today 7 (2):24-32.No categories
- Forcing materialism upon metaphysics: Three approaches to Adorno's method.Tom Whyman -2018 -European Journal of Philosophy 27 (2):484-499.European Journal of Philosophy, EarlyView.No categories
- On the Nature of Limbs: A Discourse.Tom Quick -2009 -Annals of Science 66 (2):302-304.No categories
- The Etruscans.Tom Rasmussen -1992 -The Classical Review 42 (01):151-.
- Earthbound: New Introductory Essays in Environmental Ethics.Tom Regan -1986 -The Personalist Forum 2 (1):71-73.
- To each according to their effort? On the ethical significance of hard work.Tom Malleson -2019 -Constellations 26 (2):257-267.
- Milgram and TuskegeeâParadigm Research Projects in Bioethics.Emma Cave &Søren Holm -2003 -Health Care Analysis 11 (1):27-40.This paper discusses the use of the Milgram obedience experiments and the Tuskegee syphilis study in the bioethical literature. The two studies are presented and a variety of uses of them identified and discussed. It is argued that the use of these studies as paradigms of problematic research relies on a reduction of their complexity. What is discussed is thus often constructions of these studies that are closer to hypothetical examples than to the real studies.
- Spinozan power in a naturalistic perspective and other essays.Tom Rubens -1996 - London, England: Janus.This book is a collection of essays by Tom Rubens, of which the first gives its name to the volume, on physicalism and naturalistic philosophy. The essays include critiques not only of Spinoza but also of other philosophers such as Schopenhauer, Nietzsche and Santayana, and in addition a consideration of the theist Rheinhold Niebuhr.
- Fichte's Antifoundationalism, Intellectual Intuition, and Who One Is.Tom Rockmore -1996 - In Tom Rockmore & Daniel Breazeale,New perspectives on Fichte. Atlantic Highlands, N.J.: Humanities Press. pp. 79--94.
- Heidegger's Politics And French Philosophy.Tom Rockmore -1992 -Existentia 2 (1-4):233-253.Export citation Bookmark
- Knowledge as Historical.Tom Rockmore -2000 -The Proceedings of the Twentieth World Congress of Philosophy 5:123-132.With few exceptions, philosophers typically have contended that knowledge worthy of the name is beyond time and place. This venerable idea was turned on its head in the emergence of a rival view of knowledge as historical in the wake of the French Revolution. A claim that knowledge is not ahistorical but historical resolves some of these difficulties while creating others. This paper will briefly consider several of these difficulties, including how to argue for this position, the differences between contextualism, (...) or a view of knowledge as cultural, and historicism, as well as issues concerning relativism and cognitive objectivity. It will argue that after the decline of foundationalism, a conception of knowledge as historical is our most promising approach. (shrink)
- Sur le néo-marxisme: Sartre et Habermas.Tom Rockmore -forthcoming -Les Etudes Philosophiques.
- Whitehead et Hegel. Réalisme, idéalisme et philosophie spéculative.Tom Rockmore -1990 -Archives de Philosophie 53 (2):261.Export citation Bookmark
- Professionalism: An Archaeology.Tom Koch -2019 -HEC Forum 31 (3):219-232.For more than two decades, classes on “professionalism” have been the dominant platform for the non-technical socialization of medical students. It thus subsumes elements of previous foundation courses in bioethics and “medicine and society” in defining the appropriate relation between practitioners, patients, and society-at-large. Despite its importance, there is, however, no clear definition of what “professionalism” entails or the manner in which it serves various purported goals. This essay reviews, first, the historical role of the vocational practitioner in society, and (...) second, the introduction of “professionalism” as a newly constituted, core value in teaching. The structure of the paper is as an archaeology, a Foucauldian term for an investigation of seemingly separate but related antecedent contexts and ideas whose result is a perspective or point of view. The goal thus is an attempt to precisely locate “professionalism” within the greater history of medicine and its contemporary role in medical socialization. (shrink)
- Modelos ideales y practicas de vida en la antigüedad clasica.Emma Falque Rey,Fernando Gascó,Saracho Villalobos &T. José (eds.) -1993 - Sevilla: Universidad Internacional Menéndez Pelayo.No categories
- Die Wiedervereinigung auf philosophisch-pädagogischer Grundlage.Emma Fleischer-Undeutsch -1960 - Schorndorf,:Export citation Bookmark
- Air Pollution in the Making: Multiplicity and Difference in Interdisciplinary Data Practices.Emma Garnett -2017 -Science, Technology, and Human Values 42 (5):901-924.This article traces an emergent tension in an interdisciplinary public health project called Weather Health and Air Pollution. The tension centered on two different kinds of data of air pollution: monitored and modeled data. Starting out with monitoring and modeling practices, the different ways in which they enacted air pollution are detailed. This multiplicity was problematic for the WHAP scientists, who were intent on working across disciplines, an initiative driven primarily by the epidemiologists who imbued the project with meaning and (...) value as the protagonists of “health.” To work collaboratively implies a stable, singular, and shared research object, however: one kind of data, one version of air pollution. In detailing two attempts by researchers to address the inadequacies of modeled and monitored data, this article explores the ways in which difference and multiplicity were negotiated and transformed. In doing so, this article suggests that it is the mobility and instability of data that are particularly fruitful for exploring the facilitation and enactment of new realities, while also making explicit the emergent problematics and partialities which inevitably result. (shrink)No categories
- Introduction: nativism past and present.Tom Simpson,Peter Carruthers,Stephen Laurence &Stephen Stich -2005 - In Peter Carruthers, Stephen Laurence & Stephen P. Stich,The Innate Mind: Structure and Contents. New York, US: Oxford University Press on Demand.Elaborates some of the background assumptions made by the chapters that follow and situates the theory that the author espouses within a wider context and range of alternatives. More specifically, it distinguishes between creature consciousness and state consciousness, and between access consciousness and phenomenal consciousness. And it defends representationalist accounts of consciousness against brute physicalist accounts. The chapter also introduces the remaining 11 chapters.
- From the ethics of procreation to the ethics of parenthood.Tom Whyman -2024 -European Journal of Philosophy 32 (4):1361-1367.European Journal of Philosophy, EarlyView.No categories
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David Bourget (Western Ontario)
David Chalmers (ANU, NYU)
Area Editors:
David Bourget
Gwen Bradford
Berit Brogaard
Margaret Cameron
David Chalmers
James Chase
Rafael De Clercq
Ezio Di Nucci
Esa Diaz-Leon
Barry Hallen
Hans Halvorson
Jonathan Ichikawa
Monte Johnson
Michelle Kosch
Øystein Linnebo
Paul Livingston
Brandon Look
Manolo Martínez
Matthew McGrath
Michiru Nagatsu
Susana Nuccetelli
Giuseppe Primiero
Jack Alan Reynolds
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