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Results for 'Dr Ovadia Ezra'

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  1.  19
    Educating for Democracy: Paideia in an Age of Uncertainty.Mona Abousenna,Alexander Ageev,Alexander Chumakov,William Desmond,DrOvadiaEzra,Eduard Girusov,Charles L. Glenn,Bradley Googins,Sidney Griffith,Elmer Hankiss,Vittorio Hosle,Elena Karpuhina,Steven Katz,Nur Kirabiev,Vladislav Lektorsky,Igor Lukes,Alexei Malashenko,Katherine Marshall,Alan Olson,James Post,Sheila Puffer,Kurt Salamun,John Silbur,David Steiner,Viachaslav Stepin,Bassam Tibi,Elena Trubina,Irina Tuuli,Mourad Wahba &Gregory Walters (eds.) -2004 - Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
    The central conflicts of the world today are closely related to cultural, traditional, and religious differences between nations. As we move to a globalized world, these differences often become magnified, entrenched, and the cause of bloody conflict. Growing out of a conference of distinguished scholars from the Middle East, Europe, and the United States, this volume is a singular contribution to mutual understanding and cooperative efforts on behalf of peace. The term paideia, drawn from Greek philosophy, has to do with (...) responsible education for citizenship as a necessary precondition for effective democracy. (shrink)
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  2.  8
    Li-ḥeyot be-khavod: reshimot be-etiḳah yiśumit = Human dignity: commentaries in applied ethics.OvadiaEzra -2018 - Yerushalayim: Karmel.
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  3.  153
    Equality of Opportunity and Affirmative Action.OvadiaEzra -2007 -Philosophy in the Contemporary World 14 (1):22-37.
    This paper deals with the policy of affirmative action as an additional means for achieving equality of opportunity in society. It assumes that in modem society-at least in principle-the superior positions are distributed according to merit, and on the basis of fair competition. I argue that formal equality of opportunity injects apparently neutral requirements, such as experience, into the selection procedure for top positions, that, in fact, act particularly against women, since they allow the past employment situation to affect the (...) new selection. I use a statistical argument to show that without preferential treatment towards women, they will not overcome structural obstacles that prevent them from getting top positions. I also use the same argument to show that affirmative action at present contributes to equality of opportunity in the future. (shrink)
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  4.  54
    Human Rights.OvadiaEzra -2003 -Social Philosophy Today 19:217-235.
    This paper seeks to ascertain the reasons for the regrettable gap between the extent to which human rights are acknowledged in many countries, and the extent to which residents of those countries in fact are able to enjoy these rights. However, when we seek to assess to what extent residents of those countries in fact enjoy these rights, the findings are somewhat depressing. In this paper I suggest an explanation for this phenomenon and argue that its cause is built into (...) the very structure of Human Rights as these have hitherto been understood. I maintain that because the addressees of such rights are the states’ governments, there is no external body that functions as the guarantor of such rights that has the authority and power to force the governments when they renege on their correlative duties as the addressees of Human Rights. (shrink)
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  5.  41
    Military and Civil Reasons For Just Behavior in War.OvadiaEzra -2012 -Philosophy in the Contemporary World 19 (2):39-49.
    US foreign policy became one of the most popular issues in public and academic discussions, particularly since George W. Bush was elected president. A lot has been said about the negative effects that the Bush administration had on the world's international relations and peace, mainly with regard to the restraints which are required by jus ad bellum. However, not much has been said about the damage that the Bush administration caused to the norms of jus in bello, by ignoring them (...) or turning a blind eye toward their violations. In this paper, I want to recall a few military and civil reasons which have been neglected for following the requirements of jus in bello by the fighting soldiers and the fighting unit, as well as by the belligerent state. (shrink)
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  6.  33
    Moral obligations and immoral wars: A comment on Bica.OvadiaEzra -2007 -Journal of Social Philosophy 38 (4):644–653.
  7.  39
    The Rights of Non-Humans: From Animals to Silent Nature.OvadiaEzra -2017 -Law and Ethics of Human Rights 11 (2):285-304.
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  8. Blacks and the language of their biotechnological future.Ezra E. H. Griffith -2013 - In Michael J. Hyde & James A. Herrick,After the genome: a language for our biotechnological future. Waco, Texas: Baylor University Press.
     
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  9.  60
    De bouw van de materie.Dr H. Groot -1936 -Synthese 1 (1):143-147.
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  10.  36
    De metaphysische grond der wiskunde.Dr H. Groot -1936 -Synthese 1 (1):342-345.
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  11.  36
    Metaphysische problemen der Physica.Dr H. Groot -1936 -Synthese 1 (1):40-44.
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  12.  32
    Cultural and psychological variables predicting academic dishonesty: a cross-sectional study in nine countries.Agata Błachnio,Andrzej Cudo,Paweł Kot,Małgorzata Torój,Kwaku Oppong Asante,Violeta Enea,Menachem Ben-Ezra,Barbara Caci,Sergio Alexis Dominguez-Lara,Nuworza Kugbey,Sadia Malik,Rocco Servidio,Arun Tipandjan &Michelle F. Wright -2022 -Ethics and Behavior 32 (1):44-89.
    Academic dishonesty has serious consequences for human lives, social values, and economy. The main aim of the study was to explore a model of relations between personal and cultural variables and academic dishonesty. The participants in the study were N = 2,586 individuals from nine countries (Pakistan, Israel, Italy, India, the USA, Peru, Romania, Ghana, and Poland). The authors administered the Academic Dishonesty Scale to measure academic dishonesty, the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale to measure distress, the Almost Perfect Scale – (...) Revised to measure perfectionism, the Brief Self-Control Scale to measure self-control, and the Singelis Scale to measure independent self-construal. The results showed that the theoretical model was well fitted to the dataset in six countries: Pakistan, the United States, Romania, Ghana, Israel, and Poland. However, it was not well fitted in Italy, India, and Peru. Our results also showed that perfectionism significantly predicted academic dishonesty, but not in all countries. Self-control significantly predicted cheating, falsification, and plagiarism in the USA. Moreover, we found that distress was related to cheating o0nly in Ghana. Finally, independent self-construal predicted academic dishonesty. Our findings provide a cross-cultural contribution to the debate on academic dishonesty by highlighting its significant predictors and may inform interventions aimed at eliminating it. Our results can be used in preventing and curbing academic dishonesty. Knowledge on cross-cultural differences can be useful in international education for example, as an indicator accepting or relaxing attitude toward academic dishonesty in students from different countries. (shrink)
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  13.  35
    Paolo Grillenzoni: Kant e la scienza 1755-1760: Parte 1. Rome 2016. 575 p., ISBN 978-88-548-9523-2.Prof Dr Riccardo Pozzo -unknown
  14.  44
    Cultural and Personality Predictors of Facebook Intrusion: A Cross-Cultural Study.Błachnio Agata,Przepiorka Aneta,Benvenuti Martina,Cannata Davide,M. Ciobanu Adela,Senol-Durak Emre,Durak Mithat,N. Giannakos Michail,Mazzoni Elvis,O. Pappas Ilias,Popa Camelia,Seidman Gwendolyn,Yu Shu,M. S. Wu Anise &Ben-Ezra Menachem -2016 -Frontiers in Psychology 7.
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  15. Lean transformation for green and financially viable foundries.Nh Rakshit &Dr Lewlyn Lr Rodrigues -1931 -Philosophy 6:7.
     
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  16. Chapter four IbnEzra, a maimonidean authority: The evidence of the early IbnEzra supercommentaries Tamas visi.IbnEzra -2009 - In James T. Robinson,The cultures of Maimonideanism: new approaches to the history of Jewish thought. Boston: Brill. pp. 9--89.
     
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  17.  26
    Index to Vol. V.Lord Abercromby,H. D. Acland,Sir Wrd Adkins,Sir T. Clifford Allbutt,Dr O. Almgren &M. C. Andrews -2012 - In Zdravko Radman,The Hand. MIT Press. pp. 337.
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  18.  24
    Understanding theodicy and anthropodicy in the perspective of Job and its implications for human suffering.Muner Daliman,Hana Suparti,Fajar Gumelar,Ezra Tari &Hengki Wijaya -2022 -HTS Theological Studies 78 (4):6.
    Suffering is often experienced by those who obey God, while happiness is experienced by those who do not know God. This study aims to re-examine theodicy about disasters and calamities and tries to provide alternative thoughts regarding the relationship between God, accidents and humans, based on the story of Job. This research methodology is a qualitative approach through library research, by reading books and journals and investigating related books. Hermeneutic principles are also used to understand the meaning of the signs (...) and symbols in the text. The results of this study indicate that the concept of anthropodicy stands as a complement to the idea of theodicy, which can help humans - especially believers - to understand the meaning of suffering and their vocation in a world full of uncertainty while still having faith in God, who is sovereign over all.Contribution: This article contributes to providing an understanding of anthropodicy from Job’s perspective, so that humans see suffering as God’s sovereignty and as something that God allows in order to see God’s omnipotence. (shrink)
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  19.  707
    Two approaches to metaphysical explanation.Ezra Rubenstein -2024 -Noûs 58 (4):1107-1136.
    Explanatory metaphysics aspires to explain the less fundamental in terms of the more fundamental. But we should recognize two importantly different approaches to this task. According to the generation approach, more basic features of reality generate (or give rise to) less basic features. According to the reduction approach, less perspicuous ways of representing reality reduce to (or collapse into) more perspicuous ways of representing reality. The main goals of this paper are to present the core differences between the two approaches (...) (§2), to demonstrate the distinction's significance (§3), to provide some resources for adjudicating between the approaches (§4), and to argue that the project of explanatory metaphysics needs both (§5). (shrink)
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  20.  129
    O espírito santo promotor de contínua purificação E renovação da igreja.Prof Dr Côn. Pedro Carlos Cipolini -2011 -Revista de Teologia 2 (2).
    O artigo apresenta uma analise a partir da renovação eclesiológica do Vaticano II, em seguida apresenta a pneumatologia como origem desta renovação. A comunhão na Igreja só será possível através do Espírito Santo.
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  21.  19
    Jean-Paul Sartre: Key Concepts.Steven Churchill &Dr Jack Reynolds (eds.) -2013 - Durham: Routledge.
    Most readers of Sartre focus only on the works written at the peak of his influence as a public intellectual in the 1940s, notably "Being and Nothingness". "Jean-Paul Sartre: Key Concepts" aims to reassess Sartre and to introduce readers to the full breadth of his philosophy. Bringing together leading international scholars, the book examines concepts from across Sartre's career, from his initial views on the "inner life" of conscious experience, to his later conceptions of hope as the binding agent for (...) a common humanity. The book will be invaluable to readers looking for a comprehensive assessment of Sartre's thinking - from his early influences to the development of his key concepts, to his legacy. (shrink)
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  22.  14
    Reducing Test Anxiety by Device-Guided Breathing: A Pilot Study.ZehavaOvadia-Blechman,Ricardo Tarrasch,Maria Velicki &Hila Chalutz Ben-Gal -2022 -Frontiers in Psychology 13.
    Test anxiety remains a challenge for students and has considerable physiological and psychological impacts. The routine practice of slow, Device-Guided Breathing is a major component of behavioral treatments for anxiety conditions. This paper addresses the effectiveness of using DGB as a self-treatment clinical tool for test anxiety reduction. This pilot study sample included 21 healthy men and women, all college students, between the ages of 20 and 30. Participants were randomly assigned to two groups: DGB practice and wait-list control. At (...) the beginning and the end of 3-weeks DGB training, participants underwent a stress test, followed by measures of blood pressure and reported anxiety. Anxiety reduction in the DGB group as compared to controls was not statistically significant, but showed a large effect size. Accordingly, the clinical outcomes suggested that daily practice of DGB may lead to reduced anxiety. We assume that such reduction may lead to improved test performance. Our results suggest an alternative treatment for test anxiety that may also be relevant for general anxiety, which is likely to increase due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. (shrink)
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  23.  75
    A busca pela verdade no crátilo: Naturalismo E convencionalismo na concepção platônica.Rogério Santos dos Prazeres,Me José Moacir de Aquino &Dr Heitor Romero Marques -2013 -Revista de Teologia 7 (11):99-107.
    Este texto trata de um clássico da filosofia platônica, o Crátilo. Redigido em forma de diálogo, característico do estilo platônico de escrita, nele está distinta a supervenção de uma das grandes temáticas da filosofia contemporânea, isto é, a linguagem, em que se traz à tona a discussão sobre a adequação de um nome a um objeto, também conhecido coma a justeza do nome à coisa. Figuram-se como questões centrais as teses do naturalismo e convencionalismo, que estruturam o que se entende (...) como instrumentalização da linguagem, e que, hodierno, arremete, enquanto desconstrução desta instrumentalização, a uma epistemologia da linguagem, que fora, de forma capitular no Século V, primada na ideia de essência. Expõe-se na conjuntura textual a importância da linguagem para a filosofia desde a antiguidade, e que, por sua vez, consubstancia-se, em relevo, numa discussão sobre a verdade. (shrink)
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  24.  625
    Character Strengths as Manifestations of Spiritual Life: Realizing the Non-Dual From the Dual.Hadassah Littman-Ovadia &Amnon David -2020 -Frontiers in Psychology 11.
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  25.  290
    Grounding identity in existence.Ezra Rubenstein -2024 -Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 108 (1):21-41.
    What grounds the facts about what is identical to/distinct from what? A natural answer is: the facts about what exists. Despite its prima facie appeal, this view has received surprisingly little attention in the literature. Moreover, those who have discussed it have been inclined to reject it because of the following important challenge: why should the existence of some individuals ground their identity in some cases and their distinctness in others? (Burgess 2012, Shumener 2020b). This paper offers a sustained defense (...) of the view. The first half provides some positive motivations in terms of other natural principles involving ground. The second half considers various ways of distilling the challenge into a precise objection to the view, and argues that none of the resulting objections proves persuasive. (shrink)
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  26. Narrative and Ethics in Forensic Psychiatry.Ezra E. H. Griffith -2025 - In William Connor Darby & Robert Weinstock,Forensic neuropsychiatric ethics: balancing competing duties in and out of court. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association Publishing.
  27. Pisul--alumot tahalikhim.Ezra Orion -1995 - [Israel]: Modan be-shituf Midreshet Śedeh Boḳer.
  28. Igeret le-ven Torah: al derekh ha-limud ṿeha-ʻiyun ṿe-divre musar ṿe-ḥizuḳ le-hatmadah ba-Torah.Ovadia Yosef (ed.) -1991 - Yerushalayim: Imre noʻam.
     
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  29.  151
    Split intensionality: a new scope theory of de re and de dicto.Ezra Keshet -2010 -Linguistics and Philosophy 33 (4):251-283.
    The traditional scope theory of intensionality (STI) (see Russell 1905; Montague 1973; Ladusaw 1977; Ogihara 1992, 1996; Stowell 1993) is simple, elegant, and, for the most part, empirically adequate. However, a few quite troubling counterexamples to this theory have lead researchers to propose alternatives, such as positing null situation pronouns (Percus 2000) or actuality operators (Kamp 1971; Cresswell 1990) in the syntax of natural language. These innovative theories do correct the undergeneration of the original scope theory, but at a cost: (...) the situation pronoun and operator theories overgenerate, as argued extensively by Percus (2000) and Keshet (2008). This paper presents new data that supports the STI over other analyses, such as structures where DPs lose their de re readings in positions where syntactic movement is blocked. These data point the way to a new theory of intensionality. This new theory, called split intensionality, is a modification of the STI which aims to solve the problems raised for the original scope theory without overgenerating. The proposal calls for an additional intensional abstraction operator that creates an expression denoting an intension from an expression denoting an extension. When a DP moves to a position above this operator, it is interpreted de re; otherwise it is de dicto. The crucial part of the new proposal is that a DP may move above this operator and yet remain, for instance, below an intentional verb or inside an if-clause. Therefore, a DP within an island for syntactic movement may be de re and yet not move out of the island when the intensional abstraction operator is also within the island. (shrink)
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  30.  187
    Cohesive proportionality.Ezra Rubenstein -2024 -Philosophical Studies 181 (1):179-203.
    Proportionality—the idea that causes are neither too general nor too specific for their effects—seems to recommend implausibly disjunctive causes (McGrath, 1998 ; Shapiro & Sober, 2012 ; Franklin-Hall, 2016 ). I argue that this problem should be avoided by appeal to the notion of cohesion. I propose an account of cohesion in terms of the similarity structure of property-spaces, argue that it is not objectionably mysterious, and that alternative approaches—based on naturalness, interventionism, and contrastivism—are inadequate without appeal to it. In (...) an appendix, I show how my proposal can be perspicuously formalized by adapting structural equation models. (shrink)
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  31. Must We All Become Atheists?Ezra Albert Cook -1934 -The Monist 44:150.
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  32.  21
    The Philosophers’ Paul: A Radically Subversive Thinker.Ezra Delahaye -2017 - In Antonio Cimino, George Henry van Kooten & Gert Jan van der Heiden,Saint Paul and Philosophy: The Consonance of Ancient and Modern Thought. De Gruyter. pp. 81-94.
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  33. Ḥasid mul ḥoṭʼim.Ezra ben Ezekiel -2008 - Bene Beraḳ: Hotsaʼat ha-Ḳibuts ha-meʼuḥad. Edited by Lev Ḥaḳaḳ.
     
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  34. Sefer ha-ʻatsamim.IbnEzra &Abraham ben Meïr -1901 - [London,: Edited by Isaac Abravanel.
     
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  35. Retos En La Interpretación De La Estética Kantiana.Ezra Heymann -1999 -Ideas Y Valores 48:57-66.
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  36.  16
    Editorial: VIA Character Strengths: Theory, Research and Practice.Hadassah Littman-Ovadia,Philippe Dubreuil,Maria Christina Meyers &Pavel Freidlin -2021 -Frontiers in Psychology 12.
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  37.  53
    Hope, hopelessness, and violence.Ezra Stotland -forthcoming -Humanitas.
    Suggests that the form of violence, its direction and purpose, and the conditions that start and end it, are determined mainly by the degree of hope or hopelessness giving rise to it. Violence is defined as an action whose intent is to harm another person. "Emotional violence" is an effort to reduce anxiety, which if successful arouses hope. "Instrumental violence" is directed at a specific goal in a more dispassionate manner. Societies should find moral equivalents to these 2 forms of (...) violence; social changes that decrease the effectiveness of instrumental violence may reduce emotional violence. (shrink)
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  38.  10
    Mind and Political Concepts.Ezra Talmor -2016 - Elsevier.
    Mind and Political Concepts offers a descriptive account of the conceptual mind as applied to political philosophy. In an attempt to find the common feature characterizing the conceptual method in political philosophy, this book examines three classical works: Plato's Republic, Thomas Hobbes' Leviathan, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau's Social Contract. It argues that political philosophy can also contribute something to philosophical psychology. This book is comprised of six chapters and begins by tracing the origins of the conceptual method to Plato's general philosophical (...) method. In particular, Plato's views on concepts such as justice, human behavior, and political order in Republic are discussed. The reader is then introduced to Hobbes' Leviathan and his role in the advent of the scientific conceptual method; Rousseau's Social Contract and his analysis of human nature and the state; the structure of a political theory; and the link between the philosophy of mind and psychology. The last chapter considers some modern political theories and shows that, however different their methods and their programs, their notion of the philosopher's participation in political life was dependent on their concept of reason. This monograph will appeal to students and practitioners of philosophy, politics, and psychology. (shrink)
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  39. Sefer Ḥosen yeshuʻot: ʻal Pirḳe Avot: ḥibur nifla..ʻEzra ben Yeḳutiʼel Zusman -1811 - Bruḳlin: Aḥim Goldenberg.
     
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  40.  21
    Congee for the Soul.Ezra Gabbay,Joseph J. Fins,John Banja &Taylor Evans -2021 -Hastings Center Report 51 (1):10-12.
    Provision of adequate nutrition to elderly patients who develop dysphagia after a stroke can be quite challenging, often leading to the placement of a percutaneous entero‐gastrostomy (PEG) tube for nutritional support. This hypothetical case describes the additional challenge of cross‐cultural belief that leads a daughter to provide oral feeding to her mother, an act that the medical team believes is dangerous and the daughter sees as salubrious. In this case, what is the proper balance between patient safety and deference to (...) cultural traditions and norms? Where are the limits? Two commentaries offer insights for conflict resolution, including recommending that the medical team seek to understand the cultural motivations of the family, balancing safety and respect for cultural norms. The second commentary also disagrees with the team's presumption that the daughter's feeding of her mother is a greater threat to the patient than the PEG tube feeding is. (shrink)
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  41.  216
    Overdetermination and causal connections.Ezra Rubenstein -2025 -Philosophical Studies 182 (1).
    Some theories are alleged to be implausible because they are committed to systematic ‘overdetermination’. In response, some authors defend ‘compatibilism’: the view that the putative overdetermination is benign, like other unproblematic cases of a single effect having many sufficient causes. The literature has tended to focus on the following question: which relations between sufficient causes of a single effect ensure that problematic overdetermination is avoided? This paper argues that several widely endorsed answers to this question are subject to counterexample. It (...) then proposes a diagnosis of this failure: the standard answers neglect what really matters––how the causes are connected to their shared effect. In particular, overdetermination is avoided when there are no independent causal connections. (shrink)
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  42.  134
    Situation economy.Ezra Keshet -2010 -Natural Language Semantics 18 (4):385-434.
    Researchers often assume that possible worlds and times are represented in the syntax of natural languages. However, it has been noted that such a system can overgenerate. This paper proposes a constraint on systems where worlds and times are represented as situation pronouns. The Intersective Predicate Generalization, based on and extending work by R. Musan, states that two items composed via Predicate Modification, such as a noun and an intersective modifier, must be evaluated in the same world and time. To (...) explain this generalization, a rule of Situation Economy is advanced, which holds that structures must have the fewest number of situation pronouns possible. Since strong DPs require a situation pronoun to receive a de re reading, a restriction on the type of strong determiners is proposed, which supersedes Situation Economy in this case. Finally, the paper shows how the Situation Economy approach explains an unrelated phenomenon involving bare plurals and examines the connection between this new rule and the grammar of natural language in general. (shrink)
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  43.  43
    Generalism Without Generation in advance.Ezra Rubenstein -forthcoming -Journal of Philosophy.
    According to generalism, the world is fundamentally general –– ultimately, there are no individuals. I distinguish two versions of this view. ‘Permissive generalism’ holds that facts involving individuals are non-basic: they are generated by purely general basic facts. I argue that permissive generalists will struggle to provide suitably systematic and non-arbitrary explanations for facts involving individuals. These problems are avoided by switching to ‘strict generalism’: the view that truths about individuals are non-perspicuous, and reduce to purely general perspicuous truths. I (...) illustrate this alternative approach by proposing a metaphysical semantics for individualist truths in general terms. This serves both as a recommendation to generalists and, more broadly, as a case study in two different approaches to metaphysical explanation: one centered on generation, the other on reduction. (shrink)
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  44.  193
    Grounded Shadows, Groundless Ghosts.Ezra Rubenstein -2022 -British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 73 (3):723-750.
    According to a radical account of quantum metaphysics that I label ‘high-dimensionalism’, ordinary objects are the ‘shadows’ of high-dimensional fundamental ontology. Critics—especially Maudlin —allege that high-dimensionalism cannot provide a satisfactory explanation of the manifest image. In this paper, I examine the two main ideas behind these criticisms: that high-dimensionalist connections between fundamental and non-fundamental are 1) inscrutable, and 2) arbitrary. In response to the first, I argue that there is no metaphysically significant contrast regarding the scrutability of low- and high-dimensionalist (...) connections. In response to the second, I argue that the arbitrariness of high-dimensionalist connections has been overstated, and what arbitrariness there is afflicts low-dimensionalist connections too. Thus, the debate should not be focused on whether high-dimensionalism can provide a satisfactory explanation of the manifest image—as it has been in recent literature—but rather on the broader question of whether there is good all-things-considered reason to prefer low-dimensionalist theories. (shrink)
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  45. Acerca del concepto del placer.Ezra Heymann -unknown -Apuntes Filosóficos 7.
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  46. La ética kantiana en una lectura de revisión.Ezra Heymann -2008 -Episteme (Porto Alegre) 28 (2):171-180.
     
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  47. Ahmed Aarab, Philippe Provençal and Mohamed Idaomar the mode of action of venom according to j® ωi 79.Shlomo Sela Abraham IbnEzra’S. -2001 -Arabic Sciences and Philosophy 11 (1).
  48.  20
    Non Nisi Te, Domine.Ezra Sullivan -2013 -Logos: A Journal of Catholic Thought and Culture 16 (2):126-143.
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  49.  158
    Proportionality in Causation, Part II: Applications and Challenges.Ezra Rubenstein -2024 -Philosophy Compass 19 (1):e12960.
    In ‘Proportionality in Causation, Part I: Theories’, I presented various ways of understanding the idea that causes which are ‘proportional’ to their effects are in some sense preferable. In this companion article, I discuss the principal applications of the resulting theories of proportionality, and the challenges they face.
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  50.  51
    Dr Frank Taylor, 1910-2000.Dr Frederick Ratcliffe &Anne Young -2000 -Bulletin of the John Rylands Library 82 (2):81-84.
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