Results for 'Donat Gallagher'
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- Graham Greene and Evelyn Waugh.DonatGallagher -2010 -The Chesterton Review 36 (1/2):261-265.No categories
- Evelyn Waugh and Fascism.Evelyn Waugh &DonatGallagher -1999 -The Chesterton Review 25 (3):388-390.
- How the Body Shapes the Mind.ShaunGallagher -2005 - Oxford, GB: Oxford University Press UK.How the Body Shapes the Mind is an interdisciplinary work that addresses philosophical questions by appealing to evidence found in experimental psychology, neuroscience, studies of pathologies, and developmental psychology. There is a growing consensus across these disciplines that the contribution of embodiment to cognition is inescapable. Because this insight has been developed across a variety of disciplines, however, there is still a need to develop a common vocabulary that is capable of integrating discussions of brain mechanisms in neuroscience, behavioural expressions (...) in psychology, design concerns in artificial intelligence and robotics, and debates about embodied experience in the phenomenology and philosophy of mind. ShaunGallagher's book aims to contribute to the formulation of that common vocabulary and to develop a conceptual framework that will avoid both the overly reductionistic approaches that explain everything in terms of bottom-up neuronal mechanisms, and inflationistic approaches that explain everything in terms of Cartesian, top-down cognitive states.Gallagher pursues two basic sets of questions. The first set consists of questions about the phenomenal aspects of the structure of experience, and specifically the relatively regular and constant features that we find in the content of our experience. If throughout conscious experience there is a constant reference to one's own body, even if this is a recessive or marginal awareness, then that reference constitutes a structural feature of the phenomenal field of consciousness, part of a framework that is likely to determine or influence all other aspects of experience. The second set of questions concerns aspects of the structure of experience that are more hidden, those that may be more difficult to get at because they happen before we know it. They do not normally enter into the content of experience in an explicit way, and are often inaccessible to reflective consciousness. To what extent, and in what ways, are consciousness and cognitive processes, which include experiences related to perception, memory, imagination, belief, judgement, and so forth, shaped or structured by the fact that they are embodied in this way? (shrink)
- Action and Interaction.ShaunGallagher -2020 - Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press.ShaunGallagher presents a ground-breaking interdisciplinary account of action. He shows that in order to understand human agency and the aspects of mind that are associated with it, we need to grasp the crucial role of context or circumstance in action, and the normative constraints of social and cultural practices.
- Enactivist Interventions: Rethinking the Mind.ShaunGallagher -2017 - Oxford: Oxford University Press.Enactivist Interventions is an interdisciplinary work that explores how theories of embodied cognition illuminate many aspects of the mind, including perception, affect, and action.Gallagher argues that the brain is not secluded from the world or isolated in its own processes, but rather is dynamically connected with body and environment.No categories
- Another look at intentions: A response to Raphael van Riel’s “On how we perceive the social world”.ShaunGallagher -2008 -Consciousness and Cognition 17 (2):553-555.
- (1 other version)The Phenomenological Mind.ShaunGallagher &Dan Zahavi -2008 - New York, NY: Routledge. Edited by Dan Zahavi._The Phenomenological Mind_ is the first book to properly introduce fundamental questions about the mind from the perspective of phenomenology. Key questions and topics covered include: • what is phenomenology? • naturalizing phenomenology and the cognitive sciences • phenomenology and consciousness • consciousness and self-consciousness • time and consciousness • intentionality • the embodied mind • action • knowledge of other minds • situated and extended minds • phenomenology and personal identity. This second edition includes a new preface, and revised (...) and improved chapters. Also included are helpful features such as chapter summaries, guides to further reading, and a glossary, making _The Phenomenological Mind_ an ideal introduction to key concepts in phenomenology, cognitive science and philosophy of mind. (shrink)
- The Inordinance of Time.ShaunGallagher -1998 - Evanston, Ill.: Northwestern University Press.ShaunGallagher's The Inordinance of Time develops an account of the experience of time at the intersection of three approaches: phenomenology, cognitive ...
- The Education of Man the Educational Philosophy of Jacques Maritain ; Edited, with an Introduction, by Donald and IdellaGallagher.Jacques Maritain &Donald ArthurGallagher -1967 - University of Notre Dame Press.Export citation
Bookmark - Understanding others through primary interaction and narrative practice.ShaunGallagher &Daniel D. Hutto -2008 - In J. Zlatev, T. Racine, C. Sinha & E. Itkonen,The Shared Mind: Perspectives on Intersubjectivity. John Benjamins. pp. 17â38.We argue that theory-of-mind (ToM) approaches, such as “theory theory” and “simulation theory”, are both problematic and not needed. They account for neither our primary and pervasive way of engaging with others nor the true basis of our folk psychological understanding, even when narrowly construed. Developmental evidence shows that young infants are capable of grasping the purposeful intentions of others through the perception of bodily movements, gestures, facial expressions etc. Trevarthen’s notion of primary intersubjectivity can provide a theoretical framework for (...) understanding these capabilities and his notion of secondary intersubjectivity shows the importance of pragmatic contexts for infants starting around one year of age. The recent neuroscience of resonance systems (i.e., mirror neurons, shared representations) also supports this view. These ideas are worked out in the context of an embodied “Interaction Theory” of social cognition. Still, for more sophisticated intersubjective interactions in older children and adults, one might argue that some form of ToM is required. This thought is defused by appeal to narrative competency and the Narrative Practice Hypothesis (or NPH). We propose that repeated encounters with narratives of a distinctive kind is the normal route through which children acquire an understanding of the forms and norms that enable them to make sense of actions in terms of reasons. A potential objection to this hypothesis is that it presupposes ToM abilities. Interaction Theory is deployed once again to answer this by providing an alternative approach to understanding basic narrative competency and its development. (shrink)
- Phenomenology.ShaunGallagher -2012 - New York: Palgrave-Macmillan.This new introduction by ShaunGallagher gives students and philosophers not only an excellent concise overview of the state of the field and contemporary debates, but a novel way of addressing the subject by looking at the ways in which phenomenology is useful to the disciplines it applies to.Gallagher retrieves the central insights made by the classic phenomenological philosophers (Husserl, Heidegger, Merleau-Ponty, Sartre, and others), updates some of these insights in innovative ways, and shows how they directly (...) relate to ongoing debates in philosophy and psychology. Accounts of phenomenological methods, and the concepts of intentionality, temporality, embodiment, action, self, and our ability to understand other people are integrated into a coherent contemporary statement that shows why phenomenology is still an active and vital philosophical approach. Each chapter begins with a discussion of the classic analyses and then goes on to show their relevance to contemporary debates in philosophy about embodied, enactive and extended approaches to our understanding of human experience. Along the wayGallagher introduces some novel interpretations that suggest how phenomenology can both inform and be informed by the terms of these debates. (shrink)
- The Self and its Disorders.ShaunGallagher -2024 - Oxford, GB: Oxford University Press.The Self and its Disorders develops a philosophical and interdisciplinary approach to the formulation of an “integrative” perspective in psychiatry. In contrast to some integrative approaches that focus on narrow brain-based conceptions, or strictly on symptomology, this book takes its bearings from embodied and enactive conceptions of human experience and builds on a perspective that understands self as a self-pattern—a pattern of processes that include bodily, experiential, affective, cognitive-psychological, reflective, narrative, intersubjective, ecological, and normative factors. It provides a philosophical analysis (...) of the notion of self-pattern, framed in terms of dynamical organization. It then draws on phenomenological, developmental, clinical, and experimental evidence to propose a method for studying the effects of psychopathologies on the self-pattern, and includes discussions of network theory, predictive processing models, and the role of narrative. This book explores the hypothesis that psychiatric disorders are self-disorders, and includes specific discussions of schizophrenia, anxiety disorders, depression, borderline personality disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder and autism spectrum disorder, as well as traumatic effects of torture and solitary confinement. Other topics include diagnostic classification, symptom overlap, and transdiagnostic complexity. Several chapters explore a variety of philosophical issues that relate to therapeutic approaches, including deep brain stimulation, meditation-based interventions, and the use of artificial intelligence and virtual reality. (shrink)No categories
- The Phenomenological Mind: An Introduction to Philosophy of Mind and Cognitive Science.ShaunGallagher &Dan Zahavi -2007 - Routledge.The Phenomenological Mind is the first book to properly introduce fundamental questions about the mind from the perspective of phenomenology. Key questions and topics covered include: What is phenomenology? naturalizing phenomenology and the empirical cognitive sciences phenomenology and consciousness consciousness and self-consciousness, including perception and action time and consciousness, including William James intentionality the embodied mind action knowledge of other minds situated and extended minds phenomenology and personal identity Interesting and important examples are used throughout, including phantom limb syndrome, blindsight (...) and self-disorders in schizophrenia, making The Phenomenological Mind an ideal introduction to key concepts in phenomenology, cognitive science and philosophy of mind. (shrink)
- How the Body Shapes the Mind.ShaunGallagher -2007 -Philosophy 82 (319):196-200.No categories
- Philosophical conceptions of the self: implications for cognitive science.ShaunGallagher -2000 -Trends in Cognitive Sciences 4 (1):14-21.Although philosophical approaches to the self are diverse, several of them are relevant to cognitive science. First, the notion of a 'minimal self', a self devoid of temporal extension, is clarified by distinguishing between a sense of agency and a sense of ownership for action. To the extent that these senses are subject to failure in pathologies like schizophrenia, a neuropsychological model of schizophrenia may help to clarify the nature of the minimal self and its neurological underpinnings. Second, there is (...) good evidence to suggest that although certain aspects of the minimal self are primitive and embodied, other aspects may be accessed only in reflective consciousness. Employing a modified concept of the minimal self, it may be possible to construct a robotic form of non-conscious self-reference that depends on an interaction between the robotic body and its environment. In contrast to the minimal self, the narrative self involves continuity over time and is directly relevant to discussions of memory and personal identity. There is growing consensus among philosophers and cognitive scientists about the importance of narrative and its relation to episodic memory and left-hemisphere functions. There are, however, at least two different views of how the narrative self is structured. On one model it is nothing more than an abstract point. On a more extended view, proposed here, the self is a rich amalgam of narratives that allows for the equivocations, contradictions, and self-deceptions of personal life. Even in this case, however, neurocognitive models contribute to our understanding of how narrative identity is structured. (shrink)
- Prospecting performance: rehearsal and the nature of imagination.ShaunGallagher &Zuzanna Rucińska -2021 -Synthese 199 (1-2):4523-4541.In this paper we explore the notion of rehearsal as a way to develop an embodied and enactive account of imagining. After reviewing the neuroscience of motor imagery, we argue, in the context of performance studies, that rehearsal includes forms of imagining that involve motor processes. We draw on Sartre’s phenomenology of imagining which also suggests that imagining involves motor processes. This research in neuroscience and phenomenology, supports the idea of an embodied and enactive account of imagination.No categories
- Direct perception in the intersubjective context.ShaunGallagher -2008 -Consciousness and Cognition 17 (2):535-543.This paper, in opposition to the standard theories of social cognition found in psychology and cognitive science, defends the idea that direct perception plays an important role in social cognition. The two dominant theories, theory theory and simulation theory , both posit something more than a perceptual element as necessary for our ability to understand others, i.e., to “mindread” or “mentalize.” In contrast, certain phenomenological approaches depend heavily on the concept of perception and the idea that we have a direct (...) perceptual grasp of the other person’s intentions, feelings, etc. This paper explains precisely what the notion of direct perception means, offers evidence from developmental studies, and proposes a non-simulationist interpretation of the neuroscience of mirror systems. (shrink)
- Postmetaphysical postmodern posturing.ShaunGallagher -unknownIs it possible to develop a discourse that describes human experience but avoids theoretical concepts such as consciousness and qualia, and do so in such a way that the difficult problems are resolved? It strikes me that Gordon Globus is attempting to do something like this. It seems an honorable project from the perspectives of both the analytic philosophy of mind and the postmodern celebration of multiple discourses. I want to suggest, however, that in his account the problems of qualia (...) and consciousness are not really dissipated, but simply dressed up in different garb. (shrink)Export citation Bookmark
- Rural French Voting Habits.Orvoell R.Gallagher -forthcoming -Social Research: An International Quarterly.Export citation Bookmark
- The ethics of impact factors.AnnGallagher -2011 -Nursing Ethics 18 (1):3.
- The ethics of surgery in the elderly demented patient with bowel obstruction.P.Gallagher -2002 -Journal of Medical Ethics 28 (2):105-108.Objective: Little has been written in the medical literature concerning the ethics of treatment of the elderly demented patient with bowel obstruction. It is one example of the issues with which we are becoming increasingly involved. We conducted a survey of our colleagues' opinions to determine current practice.Design: A postal questionnaire study . Questions were posed that related to a case scenario of an elderly demented patient presenting with a presumed sigmoid volvulus.Setting: The northern region of England.Participants: Thirty seven surgical (...) members of the Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, Northern Chapter.Results: Sixty five per cent of respondents felt that surgery would be inappropriate, and 26% that any intervention at all upon the subject in the case scenario would be inappropriate. More would operate, however, at the request of relatives. An advance directive not to treat would be respected by 70% despite a relative's wishes.Conclusions: Overall there was a wide variation in the approach of the surgeons to a demented patient with bowel obstruction. In an era of clinical governance, and an increased awareness of the ethics of consent, this study presents one example of the difficult decisions with which we are increasingly faced. The greater use of advance directives may provide one possible solution. (shrink)
- Intellectual growth and the teaching of philosophy.WilliamGallagher -1976 -Metaphilosophy 7 (3-4):316-326.No categories
- Bodily self-awareness and object perception.ShaunGallagher -2003 -Theoria Et Historia Scientarum 7 (1):53--68.Gallagher, S. 2003. Bodily self-awareness and object perception. _Theoria et Historia Scientiarum: International Journal for Interdisciplinary_ _Studies_, 7 (1) - in press.
- Body Schema and Body Image: New Directions.Yochai Ataria,Shogo Tanaka &ShaunGallagher (eds.) -2021 - Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press.Following on from ShaunGallagher's influential 2005 book How the Body Shapes the Mind, this volume brings together leading experts from the fields of philosophy, neuroscience, psychology, and psychiatry in a productive dialogue, exploring key questions and debates about the relationship between body schema and body image.
- From Varela to a different phenomenology. Interview with ShaunGallagher, Part I.ShaunGallagher,Przemysław Nowakowski,Jacek Seweryn Podgórski,Marek Pokropski &Witold Wachowski -2011 -Avant: Trends in Interdisciplinary Studies 2 (2):77-88.Philosophical hermeneutics, understood as the theory of nterpretation, investigates some questions that are also asked in the cognitive sciences. The nature of human understanding, the way that we gain and organize knowledge, the role played by language and memory in these considerations, the relations between conscious and unconscious knowledge, and how we understand other persons, are all good examples of issues that form the intersection of hermeneutics and the cognitive sciences. Although hermeneutics is most often contrasted with the natural sciences, (...) there are some clear ways in which hermeneutics can contribute to the cognitive sciences and vice versa. (shrink)
- Active inference, enactivism and the hermeneutics of social cognition.ShaunGallagher &Micah Allen -2018 -Synthese 195 (6):2627-2648.We distinguish between three philosophical views on the neuroscience of predictive models: predictive coding, predictive processing and predictive engagement. We examine the concept of active inference under each model and then ask how this concept informs discussions of social cognition. In this context we consider Frith and Friston’s proposal for a neural hermeneutics, and we explore the alternative model of enactivist hermeneutics.
- The practice of mind: Theory, simulation or primary interaction?ShaunGallagher -2001 -Journal of Consciousness Studies 8 (5-7):83-108.Theory of mind explanations of how we know other minds are limited in several ways. First, they construe intersubjective relations too narrowly in terms of the specialized cognitive abilities of explaining and predicting another person's mental states and behaviors. Second, they sometimes draw conclusions about secondperson interaction from experiments designed to test third-person observation of another's behavior. As a result, the larger claims that are sometimes made for theory of mind, namely, that theory of mind is our primary and pervasive (...) means for understanding other persons, go beyond both the phenomenological and the scientific evidence. I argue that the interpretation of "primary intersubjectivity" as merely precursory to theory of mind is inadequate. Rather, primary intersubjectivity, understood as a set of embodied practices and capabilities, is not only primary in a developmental sense, but is the primary way we continue to understand others in second-person interactions. (shrink)
- Poetics before Plato: Interpretation and Authority in Early Greek Theories of Poetry.P.Gallagher -2006 -British Journal of Aesthetics 46 (2):216-217.
- Critical social philosophy, Honneth and the role of primary intersubjectivity.ShaunGallagher &Somogy Varga -2012 -European Journal of Social Theory 15 (2):243-260.Gesellschaftskritik, or social philosophy that aims to provide firm criticism of pathological social practices, requires normatively grounded evaluative principles. In this article, we assess different possibilities for such principles with focus on a model that takes specific patterns of intersubjective interaction as its point of reference. We argue that in order to understand the full significance of this ‘intersubjective turn’ for social philosophy, and to strengthen the normative foundation of social philosophy, we need to distinguish several levels of intersubjectivity and, (...) in particular, focus on the somewhat neglected level of primary intersubjectivity. The article will discuss the account of primary intersubjectivity in Honneth’s work. We show that Honneth’s account runs into difficulties, and drawing on recent findings in developmental psychology, we suggest a rethinking of elementary recognition in terms of ‘affective proximity’. This both renders the account less susceptible to criticism and provides a normative perspective that can effortlessly enter into interdisciplinary collaboration. (shrink)No categories
- Making enactivism even more embodied.ShaunGallagher &Matthew Bower -2013 -Avant: Trends in Interdisciplinary Studies (2):232-247.The full scope of enactivist approaches to cognition includes not only a focus on sensory-motor contingencies and physical affordances for action, but also an emphasis on affective factors of embodiment and intersubjective affordances for social interaction. This strong conception of embodied cognition calls for a new way to think about the role of the brain in the larger system of brain-body-environment. We ask whether recent work on predictive coding offers a way to think about brain function in an enactive system, (...) and we suggest that a positive answer is possible if we interpret predictive coding in a more enactive way, i.e., as involved in the organism’s dynamic adjustments to its environment. (shrink)
- Delusional realities.ShaunGallagher -2009 - In Matthew Broome & Lisa Bortolotti,Psychiatry as Cognitive Neuroscience: Philosophical Perspectives. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 245–268.
- Inference or interaction: Social cognition without precursors.ShaunGallagher -2008 -Philosophical Explorations 11 (3):163 – 174.In this paper I defend interaction theory (IT) as an alternative to both theory theory (TT) and simulation theory (ST). IT opposes the basic suppositions that both TT and ST depend upon. I argue that the various capacities for primary and secondary intersubjectivity found in infancy and early childhood should not be thought of as precursors to later developing capacities for using folk psychology or simulation routines. They are not replaced or displaced by such capacities in adulthood, but rather continue (...) to operate as our ordinary and everyday basis for social cognition. I also argue that enactive perception rather than implicit simulation is the best model for explaining these capacities. (shrink)
- Medical Futility in Cancer Care: Distinct Challenges and Action Strategies.Gallagher Cm &Bennett A. -2016 -Journal of Clinical Research and Bioethics 7 (2).No categories
- Hope for Sandy: Transformation points: A reinvention paradigm.Mary M.Gallagher-Polite -2001 - In Thomas S. Dickinson,Reinventing the middle school. New York: RoutledgeFalmer. pp. 39--75.Export citation Bookmark
- Portrait of a Pilgrim.Buell G.Gallagher -unknownNo categoriesExport citation Bookmark
- The ethics of mutuality.AnnGallagher -2010 -Nursing Ethics 17 (5):539-540.
- Urban Education: A Model for Leadership and Policy.Karen SymmsGallagher,Rodney Goodyear,Dominic Brewer &Robert Rueda (eds.) -2011 - Routledge.Many factors complicate the education of urban students. Among them have been issues related to population density; racial, ethnic, cultural, and linguistic diversity; poverty; racism ; and funding levels. Although urban educators have been addressing these issues for decades, placing them under the umbrella of "urban education" and treating them as a specific area of practice and inquiry is relatively recent. Despite the wide adoption of the term a consensus about its meaning exists at only the broadest of levels. In (...) short, urban education remains an ill-defined concept. This comprehensive volume addresses this definitional challenge and provides a 3-part conceptual model in which the achievement of equity for all -- regardless of race, gender, or ethnicity – is an ideal that is central to urban education. The model also posits that effective urban education requires attention to the three central issues that confronts all education systems _accountability_ of individuals and the institutions in which they work, _leadership_, which occurs in multiple ways and at multiple levels, and _learning_, which is the raison d'être of education. Just as a three-legged stool would fall if any one leg were weak or missing, each of these areas is essential to effective urban education and affects the others. (shrink)
- (1 other version)Pragmatic interventions into enactive and extended conceptions of cognition.ShaunGallagher -2014 -Philosophical Issues 24 (1):110-126.Clear statements of both extended and enactive conceptions of cognition can be found in John Dewey and other pragmatists. In this paper I'll argue that we can find resources in the pragmatists to address two ongoing debates: in contrast to recent disagreements between proponents of extended vs enactive cognition, pragmatism supports a more integrative view—an enactive conception of extended cognition, and pragmatist views suggest ways to answer the main objections raised against extended and enactive conceptions—specifically objections focused on constitution versus (...) causal factors, and the mark of the mental. (shrink)
- Social Constraints on the Direct Perception of Emotions and Intentions.ShaunGallagher &Somogy Varga -2014 -Topoi 33 (1):185-199.In this paper, we first review recent arguments about the direct perception of the intentions and emotions of others, emphasizing the role of embodied interaction. We then consider a possible objection to the direct perception hypothesis from social psychology, related to phenomena like ‘dehumanization’ and ‘implicit racial bias’, which manifest themselves on a basic bodily level. On the background of such data, one might object that social perception cannot be direct since it depends on and can in fact be interrupted (...) by a set of cultural beliefs. We argue, however, that far from threatening the idea of direct perception, these findings clearly contradict the idea of hardwired theory of mind modules. More generally, we suggest that in order to further the understanding of social cognition we must take seriously insights about in-group and out-group distinctions and related phenomena, all of which are currently neglected in the mainstream social cognition literature. (shrink)
- Phenomenology and neurophenomenology: An interview with ShaunGallagher.ShaunGallagher -2003 -Aluze 2:92-102.
- Philosophical antecedents of situated cognition.ShaunGallagher -2008 - In Murat Aydede & P. Robbins,The Cambridge Handbook of Situated Cognition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 35--53.
- Mental institutions.ShaunGallagher &Anthony Crisafi -2009 -Topoi 28 (1):45-51.We propose to extend Clark and Chalmer’s concept of the extended mind to consider the possibility that social institutions (e.g., legal systems, museums) may operate in ways similar to the hand-held conveniences (notebooks, calculators) that are often used as examples of extended mind. The inspiration for this suggestion can be found in the writings of Hegel on “objective spirit” which involves the mind in a constant process of externalizing and internalizing. For Hegel, social institutions are pieces of the mind, externalized (...) in their specific time and place. These institutions are the products of shared mental processes. We then use these institutions instrumentally to do further cognitive work, for example, to solve problems or to control behavior. (shrink)
- Merleau-Ponty, Hermeneutics, and Postmodernism.ShaunGallagher &Thomas Busch (eds.) -1992 - State University of New York Press.Opens up new dimensions in the philosophical thought of Merleau-Ponty and addresses contemporary issues concerning interpretation theory and postmodernity.
- Neurons and Neonates: Reflections on the Molyneux Problem.ShaunGallagher -2005 - InHow the Body Shapes the Mind. Oxford, GB: Oxford University Press UK.This chapter looks at problems and solutions involved in Molyneux’s famous question to John Locke — whether a person born blind, if they were given sight, would be able to recognize shapes learned by touch. Traditional empiricist answers to this question are based on principles of perception that can be challenged by recent research in developmental psychology and neuroscience. A new answer to the Molyneux problem is proposed, along with a new set of principles.No categories
- Ways of knowing the self and the other.ShaunGallagher &Stephen Watson -2004 - In Shaun Gallagher & Stephen Watson,Ipseity and Alterity: Interdisciplinary Approaches to Intersubjectivity. Publications de l'Université de Rouen.. pp. 1-25.Introduction to S.Gallagher and S. Watson. (2004). _Ipseity and Alterity: Interdisciplinary Approaches to Intersubjectivity_ . Rouen: Presses Universitaires. Originally published in 2000 as a special issue of the online journal _Arobase: Journal des lettres et sciences humaines,_ 4 (1-2).Export citation Bookmark
- Understanding Interpersonal Problems in Autism.ShaunGallagher -2004 -Philosophy, Psychiatry, and Psychology 11 (3):199-217.A BSTRACT: I argue that theory theory approaches to autism offer a wholly inadequate explanation of autistic symptoms because they offer a wholly inadequate account of the non-autistic understanding of others. As an alternative I outline interaction theory, which incorporates evidence from both developmental and phenomenological studies to show that humans are endowed with important capacities for intersubjective understanding from birth or early infancy. As part of a neurophenomenological analysis of autism, interaction theory offers an account of interpersonal problems that (...) is fully consistent with the variety of social and nonsocial symptoms found in autism. (shrink)
- Handbook of Phenomenology and Cognitive Science.S.Gallagher &D. Schmicking (eds.) -2009 - Springer.
- Functional imaging of 'theory of mind'.Helen L.Gallagher &Christopher D. Frith -2003 -Trends in Cognitive Sciences 7 (2):77-83.
- Body image and body schema in a deafferented subject.ShaunGallagher &Jonathan Cole -1995 -Journal of Mind and Behavior 16 (4):369-390.In a majority of situations the normal adult maintains posture or moves without consciously monitoring motor activity. Posture and movement are usually close to automatic; they tend to take care of themselves, outside of attentive regard. One's body, in such cases, effaces itself as one is geared into a particular intentional goal. This effacement is possible because of the normal functioning of a body schema. Body schema can be defined as a system of preconscious, subpersonal processes that play a dynamic (...) role in governing posture and movement (Head, 1920). There is an important and often overlooked conceptual difference between the subpersonal body schema and what is usually called body image . The latter is most often defined as a conscious idea or mental representation that one has of one's own body (for example, Adame, Radell, Johnson, and Cole, 1991; Gardner and Moncrieff, 1988; Schilder, 1935). Despite the conceptual difference many researchers use the terms interchangeably, leading to both a terminological and conceptual confusion. (shrink)
- Simulation trouble.ShaunGallagher -2007 -Social Neuroscience 2 (3-4):353â365.I present arguments against both explicit and implicit versions of the simulation theory for intersubjective understanding. Logical, developmental, and phenomenological evidence counts against the concept of explicit simulation if this is to be understood as the pervasive or default way that we understand others. The concept of implicit (subpersonal) simulation, identified with neural resonance systems (mirror systems or shared representations), fails to be the kind of simulation required by simulation theory, because it fails to explain how neuronal processes meet constraints (...) that involve instrumentality and pretense. Implicit simulation theory also fails to explain how I can attribute a mental or emotion state that is different from my own to another person. I also provide a brief indication of an alternative interpretation of neural resonance systems. (shrink)
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David Bourget (Western Ontario)
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Area Editors:
David Bourget
Gwen Bradford
Berit Brogaard
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David Chalmers
James Chase
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Ezio Di Nucci
Esa Diaz-Leon
Barry Hallen
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Jonathan Ichikawa
Monte Johnson
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Øystein Linnebo
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Michiru Nagatsu
Susana Nuccetelli
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