A Sociological Understanding of Suicide Attacks.DomenicoTosini -2009 -Theory, Culture and Society 26 (4):67-96.detailsOver the last 25 years, suicide attacks have become an alarming threat. They are a political tool which has been adopted by several organizations in Sri Lanka, Palestine and the Occupied Territories, Turkey, Chechnya, Afghanistan, Pakistan and, in particular, by the Al-Qaeda-led insurgency in Iraq in its struggle against the US and its allies. Recent analyses have traced back the use of suicide terrorism to its `strategic logic': organizations and their militants resort to suicide attacks mainly because they view this (...) form of violence as an efficient weapon for their revolutionary and nationalist campaigns. An explanation based on the paradigm of rational choice theory or instrumental rationality alone is, however, insufficient. This article suggests the importance of combining the paradigm of instrumental rationality with that of axiological rationality. Only this kind of explanation is able to clarify the crucial role played by those cultural and symbolic elements which justify and encourage the martyrdom of suicide attackers. Moreover, by adopting a multi-causal analysis of the armed organizations, their constituencies and the attackers, as well as of their interaction, the article outlines a theoretical model of the most important social mechanisms underlying the use of suicide tactics. (shrink)
The circadian clock system in the mammalian retina.GianlucaTosini,Nikita Pozdeyev,Katsuhiko Sakamoto &P. Michael Iuvone -2008 -Bioessays 30 (7):624-633.detailsDaily rhythms are a ubiquitous feature of living systems. Generally, these rhythms are not just passive consequences of cyclic fluctuations in the environment, but instead originate within the organism. In mammals, including humans, the master pacemaker controlling 24‐hour rhythms is localized in the suprachiasmatic nuclei of the hypothalamus. This circadian clock is responsible for the temporal organization of a wide variety of functions, ranging from sleep and food intake, to physiological measures such as body temperature, heart rate and hormone release. (...) The retinal circadian clock was the first extra‐SCN circadian oscillator to be discovered in mammals and several studies have now demonstrated that many of the physiological, cellular and molecular rhythms that are present within the retina are under the control of a retinal circadian clock, or more likely a network of hierarchically organized circadian clocks that are present within this tissue. BioEssays 30:624–633, 2008. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (shrink)
Understanding melatonin receptor pharmacology: Latest insights from mouse models, and their relevance to human disease.GianlucaTosini,Sharon Owino,Jean-Luc Guillaume &Ralf Jockers -2014 -Bioessays 36 (8):778-787.detailsMelatonin, the neuro‐hormone synthesized during the night, has recently seen an unexpected extension of its functional implications toward type 2 diabetes development, visual functions, sleep disturbances, and depression. Transgenic mouse models were instrumental for the establishment of the link between melatonin and these major human diseases. Most of the actions of melatonin are mediated by two types of G protein‐coupled receptors, named MT1 and MT2, which are expressed in many different organs and tissues. Understanding the pharmacology and function of mouse (...) MT1 and MT2 receptors, including MT1/MT2 heteromers, will be of crucial importance to evaluate the relevance of these mouse models for future therapeutic developments. This review will critically discuss these aspects, and give some perspectives including the generation of new mouse models. (shrink)
Notes on polynomially bounded arithmetic.Domenico Zambella -1996 -Journal of Symbolic Logic 61 (3):942-966.detailsWe characterize the collapse of Buss' bounded arithmetic in terms of the provable collapse of the polynomial time hierarchy. We include also some general model-theoretical investigations on fragments of bounded arithmetic.
Concepts of symmetry in the work of Wolfgang Pauli.Domenico Giulini -unknowndetails"Symmetry" was one of the most important methodological themes in 20th-century physics and is probably going to play no lesser role in physics of the 21st century. As used today, there are a variety of interpretations of this term, which differ in meaning as well as their mathematical consequences. Symmetries of crystals, for example, generally express a different kind of invariance than gauge symmetries, though in specific situations the distinctions may become quite subtle. I will review some of the various (...) notions of "symmetry" and highlight some of their uses in specific examples taken from Pauli's scientific oevre. This paper is based on a talk given at the conference "Wolfgang Pauli's Philosophical Ideas and Contemporary Science", May 20.-25. 2007, at Monte Verita, Ascona, Switzerland. (shrink)
Montesquieu: an introduction: a universal mind for a universal science of political-legal systems.Domenico Felice -2018 - Milano: Mimesis International.detailsMontesquieu is the first political writer who scientifically studies all human institutions, ancient and modern, Asiatic and European, African and American; the first to formulate the principles of the separation of powers and the independence of justice; the first to theorize the Federal Democracy and the first to systematically track down the roo.
Pierre Thévenaz et la condition humaine de la raison.Domenico Jervolimo -1975 -Revue de Théologie Et de Philosophie 25:176.detailsLe projet de Pierre THévenaz d�une �philosophie sans absolu� est le fruit de la rencontre entre la raison philosophique et l�expérience-choc de l�annonce chrétienne, qui restitue à l�humain sa dimension uniquement et radicalement humaine. Le monde d�ici-bas devient ainsi le lieu de l�homme dans son historicité. La méthode de cette conversion à l�en deça est celle d�une radicalisation de la philosophie réflexive. Si désormais �la raison c�est l�homme�, la tâche d�une �philosophie sans absolu� devient l�herméneutique de la condition humaine.
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Harnessing Wicked Problems in Multi-stakeholder Partnerships.Domenico Dentoni,Verena Bitzer &Greetje Schouten -2018 -Journal of Business Ethics 150 (2):333-356.detailsDespite the burgeoning literature on the governance and impact of cross-sector partnerships in the past two decades, the debate on how and when these collaborative arrangements address globally relevant problems and contribute to systemic change remains open. Building upon the notion of wicked problems and the literature on governing such wicked problems, this paper defines harnessing problems in multi-stakeholder partnerships as the approach of taking into account the nature of the problem and of organizing governance processes accordingly. The paper develops (...) an innovative analytical framework that conceptualizes MSPs in terms of three governance processes harnessing three key dimensions of wicked problems. The Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil provides an illustrative case study on how this analytical framework describes and explains organizational change in partnerships from a problem-based perspective. The framework can be used to better understand and predict the complex relationships between MSP governance processes, systemic change and societal problems, but also as a guiding tool in organizing governance processes to continuously re-assess the problems over time and address them accordingly. (shrink)
The Agnostic Structure of Data Science Methods.Domenico Napoletani,Marco Panza &Daniele Struppa -2021 -Lato Sensu: Revue de la Société de Philosophie des Sciences 8 (2):44-57.detailsIn this paper we argue that data science is a coherent and novel approach to empirical problems that, in its most general form, does not build understanding about phenomena. Within the new type of mathematization at work in data science, mathematical methods are not selected because of any relevance for a problem at hand; mathematical methods are applied to a specific problem only by `forcing’, i.e. on the basis of their ability to reorganize the data for further analysis and the (...) intrinsic richness of their mathematical structure. In particular, we argue that deep learning neural networks are best understood within the context of forcing optimization methods. We finally explore the broader question of the appropriateness of data science methods in solving problems. We argue that this question should not be interpreted as a search for a correspondence between phenomena and specific solutions found by data science methods; rather, it is the internal structure of data science methods that is open to precise forms of understanding. (shrink)
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Does cosmological expansion affect local physics?Domenico Giulini -2014 -Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part B: Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics 46 (1):24-37.detailsIn this contribution I wish to address the question whether, and how, the global cosmological expansion influences local physics, like particle orbits and black hole geometries. Regarding the former I argue that a pseudo Newtonian picture can be quite accurate if “expansion” is taken to be an attribute of the inertial structure rather than of “space” in some substantivalist sense. This contradicts the often-heard suggestion to imagine cosmological expansion as that of “space itself”. Regarding isolated objects in full General Relativity, (...) like black holes, I emphasise the need for proper geometric characterisations in order to meaningfully compare them in different spacetimes, like static and expanding ones. Examples are discussed in some detail to clearly map out the problems. A slightly extended version of this contribution may be found at philsci-archive.pitt.edu/10033. (shrink)
Artificial Diamonds are Still Diamonds.Domenico Napoletani,Marco Panza &Daniele C. Struppa -2013 -Foundations of Science 18 (3):591-594.detailsAs a reply to the commentary (Lenhard in Found Sci, 2012), we stress here that structural understanding of data analysis techniques is the natural counterpart to the lack of understanding of phenomena in agnostic science. We suggest moreover that the dynamics of computational processes, and their parallels with the dynamics of natural processes, will increasingly be, possibly, the driving force of the development of data analysis.
Sul nominalismo contro Guastella.Franz Brentano DeDomenico) -2012 -Giornale di Metafisica 2 (2).detailstraduzione di n. dedomenico del testo di f. brentano "sul nominalismo. contro guastella".