Auf den Spuren Abrahams: dem Weg Jesu folgen: die Verbindung von Religion und Kultur und der Weg zu einer einladenden Gemeinde: Christentum im Dialog mit dem Islam.DetlefSchwartz -2019 - Berlin: WVB, Wissenschaftlicher Verlag Berlin.detailsDr. theol. Dr. phil.DetlefSchwartz, Jahrgang 1954, Pfarrer i. R. und langjähriger nebenamtlicher Universitätsdozent, mit Stationen in Deutschland und den USA sowie Lateinamerika, zieht eine vorläufige Bilanz seiner bisherigen Arbeit im Auslandsdienst der Evangelischen Kirche in Deutschland. Er ordnet diese ein in Erfahrungen in einem Pfarramt der United Church of Christ, USA, und seinen Beobachtungen in der Millionenmetropole Los Angeles. Die Konsequenz eines verstärkten Dialogs der Religionen, besonders mit dem Islam, koppelt er zurück an die Frage nach (...) der Notwendigkeit eines Paradigmenwechsels im Religionsunterricht hin zu einem den Dialog fördernden Kulturunterrichts."-- Back cover. (shrink)
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Auferstehung des Leibes - Unsterblichkeit der Seele.Godehard Brüntrup,Matthias Rugel &MariaSchwartz (eds.) -2010 - Kohlhammer Verlag.detailsEin zentrales Thema des christlichen Glaubens wird in diesem Textbuch von fuhrenden zeitgenossischen Philosophen und Philosophinnen beleuchtet. In systematischer Anordnung werden neben deutschsprachigen "Klassikern" und neuen Originaltexten auch einige der einflussreichsten Autoren der angelsachsischen Debatte in Ubersetzung zuganglich gemacht. Auch diese von der analytischen Philosophie gepragten Texte wurden teilweise eigens fur diesen Band geschrieben oder uberarbeitet. Die Auseinandersetzungen im kontinentaleuropaischen protestantischen und katholischen Denken um Seele, Unsterblichkeit und leibliche Auferstehung in der Mitte des letzten Jahrhunderts werden hier auf lebendige und (...) begrifflich prazise Weise weitergefuhrt. Die Religionsphilosophie und die Theologie werden am Reichtum der Argumente und Positionen nicht vorbeigehen konnen. Mit Texten von Oscar Cullmann, Gisbert Greshake, Gerd Haeffner, Thomas Schartl, Eleonore Stump, Peter van Inwagen, Dean Zimmerman, Alvin Plantinga, William Hasker, Lynne Baker, Hud Hudson und Godehard Bruntrup. (shrink)
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What can we learn from the U.s. Federal sentencing guidelines for organizational ethics.Dove Izraeli &Mark S.Schwartz -1998 -Journal of Business Ethics 17 (9-10):1045-1055.detailsIn November, 1991, the U.S. Congress enacted the U.S. Federal Sentencing Guidelines legislation which had a dramatic impact on corporate America. Can the Guidelines be used as a model or framework by other countries? Could other countries in the world benefit from adopting a similar piece of legislation? Are there any limitations to consider? In addressing these issues, the authors make the argument that the time has arrived for other countries to consider the development of legislation similar to the Guidelines (...) in order to improve organizational ethics. (shrink)
Visual Versions.RobertSchwartz -2006 - Bradford.detailsThese essays by RobertSchwartz on topics in the theory of vision are written from a pragmatic perspective. The issues and arguments will interest both philosophers and psychologists, covering new ground and bridging gaps between these disciplines.Schwartz begins historically, with discussions of problems raised and solutions offered in Bishop Berkeley's writings on vision, presenting Berkeley's views on spatial perception and the qualitative aspects of sensory experience in the context of recent theoretical and empirical work in vision theory. (...)Schwartz then turns to debates in both the philosophical and psychological literature over the view that perception is inferential and thus "indirect." Critically surveying competing characterizations of the idea of "inferential processes" he argues the need either to reframe radically the question or drop the issue. Next,Schwartz discusses pictorial representation and research on picture perception. Drawing on the work of Nelson Goodman,Schwartz explains and defends the advantages of a symbolic approach to both topics. Finally, he examines the quagmires that often develop when metaphysical concerns about the "real" and our ability to perceive it infect discussions and claims in the theory of vision. After analyzing issues arising in current psychological research on "object" perception,Schwartz turns to debates over the supposed essential nature of colors. An appreciation of the empirical and theoretical work on color perception suggests that there is no single or privileged analysis of the notion of "real colors."Schwartz circles back in the end to what he calls "that old chestnut of the philosophy of perception"--controversies over "the objects of perception"--and takes an Austinian look at the topic. (shrink)
(1 other version)Steps toward improving ethical evaluation in health technology assessment: a proposed framework.Nazila Assasi,Jean-Eric Tarride,Daria O’Reilly &LisaSchwartz -forthcoming -Most Recent Articles: Bmc Medical Ethics.detailsWhile evaluation of ethical aspects in health technology assessment has gained much attention during the past years, the integration of ethics in HTA practice still presents many challenges. In response...
Tragic Choices in Humanitarian Health Work.Matthew Hunt,Christina Sinding &LisaSchwartz -2012 -Journal of Clinical Ethics 23 (4):338-344.detailsHumanitarian healthcare work presents a range of ethical challenges for expatriate healthcare professionals, including tragic choices requiring the selection of a least-worst option. In this paper we examine a particular set of tragic choices related to the prioritization of care and allocation of scarce resources between individuals in situations of widespread and urgent health needs. Drawing on qualitative interviews with clinicians, we examine the nature of these choices. We offer recommendations to clinical teams and aid organizations for preparing and supporting (...) frontline clinicians in their efforts to determine the least-worst option, and in their responsibility for making such choices. (shrink)
Quantitative analysis of photoactivated localization microscopy (PALM) datasets using pair‐correlation analysis.Prabuddha Sengupta &Jennifer Lippincott-Schwartz -2012 -Bioessays 34 (5):396-405.detailsPointillistic based super‐resolution techniques, such as photoactivated localization microscopy (PALM), involve multiple cycles of sequential activation, imaging, and precise localization of single fluorescent molecules. A super‐resolution image, having nanoscopic structural information, is then constructed by compiling all the image sequences. Because the final image resolution is determined by the localization precision of detected single molecules and their density, accurate image reconstruction requires imaging of biological structures labeled with fluorescent molecules at high density. In such image datasets, stochastic variations in photon (...) emission and intervening dark states lead to uncertainties in identification of single molecules. This, in turn, prevents the proper utilization of the wealth of information on molecular distribution and quantity. A recent strategy for overcoming this problem is pair‐correlation analysis applied to PALM. Using rigorous statistical algorithms to estimate the number of detected proteins, this approach allows the spatial organization of molecules to be quantitatively described. (shrink)
(2 other versions)Building a talking baby robot.Jihène Serkhane,Jean-LucSchwartz &Pierre Bessière -2005 -Interaction Studies. Social Behaviour and Communication in Biological and Artificial Systemsinteraction Studies / Social Behaviour and Communication in Biological and Artificial Systemsinteraction Studies 6 (2):253-286.detailsSpeech is a perceptuo-motor system. A natural computational modeling framework is provided by cognitive robotics, or more precisely speech robotics, which is also based on embodiment, multimodality, development, and interaction. This paper describes the bases of a virtual baby robot which consists in an articulatory model that integrates the non-uniform growth of the vocal tract, a set of sensors, and a learning model. The articulatory model delivers sagittal contour, lip shape and acoustic formants from seven input parameters that characterize the (...) configurations of the jaw, the tongue, the lips and the larynx. To simulate the growth of the vocal tract from birth to adulthood, a process modifies the longitudinal dimension of the vocal tract shape as a function of age. The auditory system of the robot comprises a “phasic” system for event detection over time, and a “tonic” system to track formants. The model of visual perception specifies the basic lips characteristics: height, width, area and protrusion. The orosensorial channel, which provides the tactile sensation on the lips, the tongue and the palate, is elaborated as a model for the prediction of tongue-palatal contacts from articulatory commands. Learning involves Bayesian programming, in which there are two phases: specification of the variables, decomposition of the joint distribution and identification of the free parameters through exploration of a learning set, and utilization which relies on questions about the joint distribution. Two studies were performed with this system. Each of them focused on one of the two basic mechanisms, which ought to be at work in the initial periods of speech acquisition, namely vocal exploration and vocal imitation. The first study attempted to assess infants’ motor skills before and at the beginning of canonical babbling. It used the model to infer the acoustic regions, the articulatory degrees of freedom and the vocal tract shapes that are the likeliest explored by actual infants according to their vocalizations. Subsequently, the aim was to simulate data reported in the literature on early vocal imitation, in order to test whether and how the robot was able to reproduce them and to gain some insights into the actual cognitive representations that might be involved in this behavior. Speech modeling in a robotics framework should contribute to a computational approach of sensori-motor interactions in speech communication, which seems crucial for future progress in the study of speech and language ontogeny and phylogeny. (shrink)
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Experience of Ethics Training and Support for Health Care Professionals in International Aid Work.M. R. Hunt,L.Schwartz &L. Elit -2012 -Public Health Ethics 5 (1):91-99.detailsHealth care professionals who travel from their home countries to participate in humanitarian assistance or development work experience distinctive ethical challenges in providing care and services to populations affected by war, disaster or deprivation. Limited information is available about organizational practices related to preparation and support for health professionals working with non-governmental organizations. In this article, we present one component of the results of a qualitative study conducted with 20 Canadian health care professionals who participated in international aid work. The (...) findings reported here relate to expatriate clinicians’ experiences and perceptions of ethics preparation, training and support. The strategies examined include pre-departure training and preparation, in-field supports and retrospective debriefing of ethical issues. Participants experienced a range of training and supports as beneficial for addressing ethical challenges in humanitarian assistance and development work. Participants also expressed ambivalence or scepticism about the benefits offered by specific modalities. This analysis can contribute to informing discussions of how organizations and individual practitioners can best develop, implement and utilize ethics training and support for international aid work. (shrink)
Integrating exemplars in category learning: Better late than never, but better early than late.J. Eric Ivancich,David A.Schwartz &Stephen Kaplan -2000 -Behavioral and Brain Sciences 23 (4):481-482.detailsPage's target article makes a good case for the strength of localist models. This can be characterized as an issue of where new information is integrated with respect to existing knowledge structures. We extend the analysis by discussing the dimension of when this integration takes place, the implications, and how they guide us in the creation of cognitive models.
Quantum physics without quantum philosophy.Detlef Dürr,Sheldon Goldstein &Nino Zanghì -1995 -Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part B: Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics 26 (2):137-149.detailsQuantum philosophy, a peculiar twentieth-century malady, is responsible for most of the conceptual muddle plaguing the foundations of quantum physics. When this philosophy is eschewed, one naturally arrives at Bohmian mechanics, which is what emerges from Schrodinger's equation for a nonrelativistic system of particles when we merely insist that 'particles' means particles. While distinctly non-Newtonian, Bohmian mechanics is a fully deterministic theory of particles in motion, a motion choreographed by the wave function. The quantum formalism emerges when measurement situations are (...) analyzed according to this theory. When the quantum formalism is regarded as arising in this way, the paradoxes and perplexities so often associated with quantum theory simply evaporate.Bohr's ... approach to atomic problems ... is really remarkable. He is completely convinced that any understanding in the usual sense of the word is impossible. Therefore the conversation is almost immediately driven into philosophical questions, and soon you no longer know whether you really take the position he is attacking, or whether you really must attack the position he is defending. (shrink)
Konsens – der Grund der Legitimität: Studie Zu Kants Und Habermas‘ Theorien der Legitimation des Rechts.Detlef Breitenband -2018 - Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden.detailsDetlef Breitenband gibt in seinem Buch einen problemorientierten Überblick über die Rechtstheorien von Immanuel Kant und Jürgen Habermas. Im Zentrum steht die Frage nach der Leistungsfähigkeit beider Rechtstheorien, da diese den Konsens aller Rechtsadressaten zur Grundlage haben, aber nicht davon ausgegangen wird, dass jemals über eine Rechtsnorm ein faktischer Konsens erzeugt wird. Der Autor arbeitet die radikal-demokratischen Implikationen des Kantischen Republikanismus heraus und leistet einen wichtigen Beitrag zur Klärung des Begriffs der Legitimation von Rechtsnormen.
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On the Role of Density Matrices in Bohmian Mechanics.Detlef Dürr,Sheldon Goldstein,Roderich Tumulka &Nino Zanghí -2005 -Foundations of Physics 35 (3):449-467.detailsIt is well known that density matrices can be used in quantum mechanics to represent the information available to an observer about either a system with a random wave function (“statistical mixture”) or a system that is entangled with another system (“reduced density matrix”). We point out another role, previously unnoticed in the literature, that a density matrix can play: it can be the “conditional density matrix,” conditional on the configuration of the environment. A precise definition can be given in (...) the context of Bohmian mechanics, whereas orthodox quantum mechanics is too vague to allow a sharp definition, except perhaps in special cases. In contrast to statistical and reduced density matrices, forming the conditional density matrix involves no averaging. In Bohmian mechanics with spin, the conditional density matrix replaces the notion of conditional wave function, as the object with the same dynamical significance as the wave function of a Bohmian system. (shrink)
Individualisierung von Religion?: Pilgern zwischen religiöser Subjektivität und Autonomieverlust.Detlef Lienau -2018 -Zeitschrift für Religionswissenschaft 26 (1):85-107.detailsName der Zeitschrift: Zeitschrift für Religionswissenschaft Jahrgang: 26 Heft: 1 Seiten: 85-107.
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Abduktion im Charmides?Detlef Thiel -2021 -Zeitschrift für Philosophische Forschung 75 (4):537-553.detailsAristoteteles already knew apart from the deduction and the induction the concept he named himself, the abduction. However, he did not consider it conclusive, and therefore neglected it. That was also the reason for him to attribute a merely inductive method to Socrates who would search for general ethic terms. Due to C. S. Peirce's accomplishment, abduction was rediscovered and was able to realize its full logical potential. According to his theory, only abduction makes creative thinking possible. This essay tries (...) to apply abduction to Charmides ' Platon for the very first time. It proves, that in core scenes during the dialogue surprising proposals are made, which lead with the application of the abduction and with the aim of answering the what-is-what-question to new definitions and general terms. It's about working out the affinity between the abduction, like Peirce demands, and the socratic method in search for general terms. (shrink)
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