Plum in the Golden Vase or, Chin P’ing Mei, vol. 5: The Dissolution. Translated byDavid Tod Roy.Maria Franca Sibau -2021 -Journal of the American Oriental Society 137 (1):217.detailsThe Plum in the Golden Vase or, Chin P’ing Mei, vol. 5: The Dissolution. Translated byDavid Tod Roy. Princeton Library of Asian Translations. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2013. Pp. lxviii + 556. $39.95.
Teaching the Arts : Early Childhood and Primary Education.David Roy,William Baker &Amy Hamilton -2019 - Cambridge University Press.detailsForegrounds the importance of arts education to children's development and learning.
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The ethical decision-making processes of information systems workers.David B. Paradice &Roy M. Dejoie -1991 -Journal of Business Ethics 10 (1):1 - 21.detailsAn empirical investigation was conducted to determine whether management information systems (MIS) majors, on average, exhibit ethical decision-making processes that differ from students in other functional business areas. The research also examined whether the existence of a computer-based information system in an ethical dilemma influences ethical desision-making processes. Although student subjects were used, the research instrument has been highly correlated with educational levels attained by adult subjects in similar studies. Thus, we feel that our results have a high likelihood of (...) generalization to the MIS professional community. The results indicate that MIS majors exhibit more socially-oriented ethical decision-making processes than non-MIS majors measured by the Defining Issues Test. The results also indicate that the existence of a computer-based information system in an ethical dilemma may influence ethical decision-making processes. The study makes no statement regarding MIS majors making more (or less) ethical decisions. The business ethics literature is reviewed, details of the study are presented, implications for management are considered, and directions for future research are suggested. (shrink)
Can Whitehead’s Philosophy Provide an Adequate Theoretical Foundation for Today’s Neuroscience?David E. Roy -2017 -Process Studies 46 (1):128-151.detailsThis article compares research in neuroscience regarding the right and left hemispheres of the brain, particularly in the work of Iain McGilchrist and Robert Ornstein, with Whitehead’s perception in the mode of causal efficacy and in the mode of presentational immediacy, respectively.
Conflicts of interest in clinical practice and research.Roy G. Spece,David S. Shimm &Allen E. Buchanan (eds.) -1996 - New York: Oxford University Press.detailsOur society has long sanctioned, at least tacitly, a degree of conflict of interest in medical practice and clinical research as an unavoidable consequence of the different interests of the physician or clinical investigator, the patient or clinical research subject, third party payers or research sponsors, the government, and society as a whole, to name a few. In the past, resolution of these conflicts has been left to the conscience of the individual physician or clinical investigator and to professional organizations. (...) The public is no longer willing to allow health care providers to wholly govern their own conflicts of interest for several reasons. These include: new forms of health care financing and delivery that provide innovative and lucrative opportunities for physician or insurer enrichment at patient expense; the increased importance of commercial research support as peer-reviewed governmental research support has decreased; evidence that physicians and clinical investigators too frequently resolve conflicts of interest in their own favor; and a general societal mistrust of authority. This volume represents a multidisciplinary effort, drawing from philosophy, medicine, law, economics and public policy to identify and categorize conflicts of interest in medical practice and clinical research, and, where possible, to offer a mechanism for resolving them. Part I addresses conflicts of interest from a theoretical perspective, offering basic concepts and analytical frameworks. The second part discusses two topics prominent in current health care policy debates--self-referral and financial incentives to limit care. Part III examines conflicts of interest generated by pharmaceutical industry involvement in clinical practice and research. The final section deals with conflicts of interest in clinical research in several contexts, including institutional reviews boards, clinical trials, Cooperative Research and Development Agreements between government and private researchers, brokerage of research subjects by Contract Research Organizations, and cost-effectiveness studies. (shrink)
How Often Does Currently Felt Emotion Predict Social Behavior and Judgment? A Meta-Analytic Test of Two Theories.C. Nathan DeWall,Roy F. Baumeister,David S. Chester &Brad J. Bushman -2016 -Emotion Review 8 (2):136-143.detailsEmotions play a prominent role in social life, yet the direct impact of emotions on behavior and judgment remains a point of disagreement. The current investigation used meta-analysis to test two theoretical perspectives. The emotion-as-direct-causation perspective asserts that current emotions guide behavior and judgment, whereas the emotion-as-feedback perspective asserts that anticipated emotions guide behavior and judgment. Although the emotion-as-direct-causation perspective was frequently tested, only 22% of tests were significant. Although the emotion-as-feedback perspective was rarely tested, 87% of tests were significant. (...) Our findings suggest that empirical evidence is weak for the default assumption that emotion is the proximal cause of behavior and judgment. Our preliminary findings also suggest that anticipated emotion reliably impacts social behavior and judgment. (shrink)
Mentored peer review of standardized manuscripts as a teaching tool for residents: a pilot randomized controlled multi-center study.Mitchell S. V. Elkind,David C. Spencer,Linda M. Selwa,Patrick S. Reynolds,Raymond S. Price,Tracey A. Milligan,MaryAnn Mays,Zachary N. London,Joseph S. Kass,Sheryl R. Haut,Blair Ford,Yeseon Park Moon,Rebeca Aragón-García,Roy E. Strowd &Victoria S. S. Wong -2017 -Research Integrity and Peer Review 2 (1).detailsBackgroundThere is increasing need for peer reviewers as the scientific literature grows. Formal education in biostatistics and research methodology during residency training is lacking. In this pilot study, we addressed these issues by evaluating a novel method of teaching residents about biostatistics and research methodology using peer review of standardized manuscripts. We hypothesized that mentored peer review would improve resident knowledge and perception of these concepts more than non-mentored peer review, while improving review quality.MethodsA partially blinded, randomized, controlled multi-center study (...) was performed. Seventy-eight neurology residents from nine US neurology programs were randomized to receive mentoring from a local faculty member or not. Within a year, residents reviewed a baseline manuscript and four subsequent manuscripts, all with introduced errors designed to teach fundamental review concepts. In the mentored group, mentors discussed completed reviews with residents. Primary outcome measure was change in knowledge score between pre- and post-tests, measuring epidemiology and biostatistics knowledge. Secondary outcome measures included level of confidence in the use and interpretation of statistical concepts before and after intervention, and RQI score for baseline and final manuscripts.ResultsSixty-four residents (82%) completed initial review with gradual decline in completion on subsequent reviews. Change in primary outcome, the difference between pre- and post-test knowledge scores, did not differ between mentored (−8.5%) and non-mentored (−13.9%) residents (p = 0.48). Significant differences in secondary outcomes (using 5-point Likert scale, 5 = strongly agree) included mentored residents reporting enhanced understanding of research methodology (3.69 vs 2.61; p = 0.001), understanding of manuscripts (3.73 vs 2.87; p = 0.006), and application of study results to clinical practice (3.65 vs 2.78; p = 0.005) compared to non-mentored residents. There was no difference between groups in level of interest in peer review (3.00 vs 3.09; p = 0.72) or the quality of manuscript review assessed by the Review Quality Instrument (RQI) (3.25 vs 3.06; p = 0.50).ConclusionsWe used mentored peer review of standardized manuscripts to teach biostatistics and research methodology and introduce the peer review process to residents. Though knowledge level did not change, mentored residents had enhanced perception in their abilities to understand research methodology and manuscripts and apply study results to clinical practice. (shrink)
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Translating the ICAP Theory of Cognitive Engagement Into Practice.Michelene T. H. Chi,Joshua Adams,Emily B. Bogusch,Christiana Bruchok,Seokmin Kang,Matthew Lancaster,Roy Levy,Na Li,Katherine L. McEldoon,Glenda S. Stump,Ruth Wylie,Dongchen Xu &David L. Yaghmourian -2018 -Cognitive Science 42 (6):1777-1832.detailsICAP is a theory of active learning that differentiates students’ engagement based on their behaviors. ICAP postulates that Interactive engagement, demonstrated by co‐generative collaborative behaviors, is superior for learning to Constructive engagement, indicated by generative behaviors. Both kinds of engagement exceed the benefits of Active or Passive engagement, marked by manipulative and attentive behaviors, respectively. This paper discusses a 5‐year project that attempted to translate ICAP into a theory of instruction using five successive measures: (a) teachers’ understanding of ICAP after (...) completing an online module, (b) their success at designing lesson plans using different ICAP modes, (c) fidelity of teachers’ classroom implementation, (d) modes of students’ enacted behaviors, and (e) students’ learning outcomes. Although teachers had minimal success in designing Constructive and Interactive activities, students nevertheless learned significantly more in the context of Constructive than Active activities. We discuss reasons for teachers’ overall difficulty in designing and eliciting Interactive engagement. (shrink)
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Manual de Normas y Procedimientos Para la Bateria Neuropsicologia.Lidia Artiola I. Fortuny,David Hermosillo Romo,Robert K. Heaton &Roy E. Pardee Iii -1999 - Psychology Press.detailsThis manual is the product of a normative research program carried out over four years with Spanish-speaking populations in two geographically distinct regions: Madrid, Spain and the USA/Mexico border region. The manual describes a comprehensive system of procedures and normative data designed to assist the clinical researcher and the clinical practitioner in the neuropsychological assessment and diagnosis of adults whose main language is Spanish. Together the procedures comprise a brief and practical battery of eight tests for a basic examination of (...) attention, learning and memory, and executive function. The level of performance on these tests is assessed according to normative data. This is accomplished by adjusting test scores according to demographic criteria that simultaneously take into account the traditional factors of age and education, as well as the patient's place of origin. (shrink)
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David Lapoujade, "Aberrant Movements: The Philosophy of Gilles Deleuze." Trans. JoshuaDavid Jordan. Reviewed by.Ananya Roy Pratihar &Saswat Samay Das -2020 -Philosophy in Review 40 (2):64-66.detailsIn the course of readingDavid Lapoujade’s Aberrant Movements, readers will undoubtedly encounter its overtly nuanced positioning. In relation to the existent patterns of critical engagement with Deleuze’s works, Lapoujade chooses to make his book seem like an expressive tissue of an expanding poetic universe rather than a measurable extensity from some representational whole. So the potency of his book, as Rajchman makes evident in the ‘Introduction’ to Aberrant Movements, doesn’t lie in unfolding like a teleological mimicry of what (...) stands before us as some kind of palimpsestic accretion of a-categorical Deleuzean readings. Rather his work is a perversely creative exercise in repeating these readings into openings of inassimilable differences. Such an inclusively ‘exclusive positioning’ of his book brings about what we may call a transformative de-familiarization of it, rendering it as indistinct patterns of aberrant movements that continuously and creatively shift us from one kind of complex territorial intensity to another. (shrink)
The architecture of modern empire: conversations withDavid Barsamian.Arundhati Roy -2023 - Chicago, Illinois: Haymarket Books. Edited by David Barsamian & Naomi Klein.detailsA revelatory and wide-ranging series of interviews with award-winning writer Arundhati Roy, touching on US empire, Indian nationalism, a writer's work, and more. As a novelist, Arundhati Roy is known for her lush language and intricate structure. As a political essayist, her prose is searching and fierce. All of these qualities shine through in the interviews collected here byDavid Barsamian. This newly reissued and expanded edition, featuring interviews from 2001 to 2022 and a moving foreword by Naomi Klein, (...) explores Roy's evolving political thought and commitments across the tumultuous twenty-first entry. The Architecture of Modern Empire is a searing reckoning with the mechanics of power, in all its forms, and the role of imagination and creative expression in envisioning a radically different world. (shrink)
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The Scientific Study of Consciousness Cannot and Should Not Be Morally Neutral.Matan Mazor,Simon Brown,Anna Ciaunica,Athena Demertzi,Johannes Fahrenfort,Nathan Faivre,Jolien C. Francken,Dominique Lamy,Bigna Lenggenhager,Michael Moutoussis,Marie-Christine Nizzi,Roy Salomon,David Soto,Timo Stein &Nitzan Lubianiker -2023 -Perspectives on Psychological Science 18 (3):535-543.detailsA target question for the scientific study of consciousness is how dimensions of consciousness, such as the ability to feel pain and pleasure or reflect on one’s own experience, vary in different states and animal species. Considering the tight link between consciousness and moral status, answers to these questions have implications for law and ethics. Here we point out that given this link, the scientific community studying consciousness may face implicit pressure to carry out certain research programs or interpret results (...) in ways that justify current norms rather than challenge them. We show that because consciousness largely determines moral status, the use of nonhuman animals in the scientific study of consciousness introduces a direct conflict between scientific relevance and ethics—the more scientifically valuable an animal model is for studying consciousness, the more difficult it becomes to ethically justify compromises to its well-being for consciousness research. Finally, in light of these considerations, we call for a discussion of the immediate ethical corollaries of the body of knowledge that has accumulated and for a more explicit consideration of the role of ideology and ethics in the scientific study of consciousness. (shrink)
From Africa to Zen: An Invitation to World Philosophy.Roger T. Ames,J. Baird Callicott,David L. Hall,Peter D. Hershock,Oliver Leaman,Janet McCracken,Robert A. McDermott,Eric Ormsby,Thomas W. Overholt,Graham Parkes,Roy Perrett,Stephen H. Phillips,Homayoon Sepasi-Tehrani &Jacqueline Trimier -2003 - Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.detailsIn the second edition of this groundbreaking text in non-Western philosophy, sixteen experts introduce some of the great philosophical traditions in the world. The essays unveil exciting, sophisticated philosophical traditions that are too often neglected in the western world. The contributors include the leading scholars in their fields, but they write for students coming to these concepts for the first time. Building on revisions and updates to the original, this new edition also considers three philosophical traditions for the first time—Jewish, (...) Buddhist, and South Pacific philosophy. (shrink)
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Doctors, Patients, and Society: Power and Authority in Medical Care.Martin S. Staum,Donald E. Larsen &David J. Roy -1981 - Wilfrid Laurier Univ. Press.detailsThis book is a collection of papers presented at an interdisciplinary workshop at the Calgary Institute for the Humanities in May 1980. The three broad issues covered are: the physician-patient relationship, the allocation of responsibility among doctors and nurses, and the political and social framework of the health care system. The first set of essays is concerned with the moral and legal aspects of the physician-patient relationship. The link between knowledge and power is examined as well as the moral dilemmas (...) posed by medical technology. These initial essays would alone justify this publ. (shrink)