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Results for 'David A. Birnbaum'

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  1.  14
    Summa metaphysica.David A.Birnbaum -1986 - New York, NY: J. Levine/Millennium. Edited by Daniel N. Khalil.
    Asserting that previous attempts to characterize the essence of the cosmos have fallen short for their lack of an adequate conceptual arsenal, as exemplified by Maimonides' and Aristotle's impasse, he consolidates these eclectic influences into a defined set of metaphysical "tools."Birnbaum presents these tools at the outset of God and Good. He then uses them to build a model that is applicable to all the arenas from which its influences were initially derived.
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  2.  10
    Big Data Challenges from a Public Health Informatics Perspective.DavidBirnbaum -2019 - In Mowafa Househ, Andre W. Kushniruk & Elizabeth M. Borycki,Big Data, Big Challenges: A Healthcare Perspective: Background, Issues, Solutions and Research Directions. Springer Verlag. pp. 45-54.
    This chapter provides an overview of the opportunities and challenges that “big data” presents for the advancement of public health. It begins by defining core functions and concepts; moves on to examples to illustrate potentials of success and failure; explains unresolved conceptual issues; and concludes with presentation of resources and cautions.
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  3. (1 other version)God and Evil: A Unified Theodicy/Theology.DavidBirnbaum -forthcoming -Philosophy.
     
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  4. Summa Metaphysica Ii: God and Good.DavidBirnbaum -2005 - Harvard Matrix.
    Birnbaum feels not compulsion to obey the rules that his intellectual predecessors followed. Building on the foundation of ancient Jewish principles, particularly Kabbalistic ones, he is not afraid to draw on Eastern principles of temporal circularity, concepts from biology and physics that have yet to be applied to metaphysical issues, or insights from other scientific and humanistic disciplines that have been left untapped in philosophy.Asstering that the previous attempts to characterize the esence of the cosmos have fallen short for (...) their lack of an adequate conceptual arsenal, as exemplified by Maimonides' and Aristotle's impasse, he consolidates these eclectic influences into a defined set of metaphysical 'tools'.Birnbaum presents these tools at the outset of God and Good. He then uses them to build a model that is applicable to all the arenas from which its influences were initially derived.The implications ofBirnbaum's original - markedly straightforward - doctrine therefore, range from the most general to the most specific. The doctrine is unified by the central thesis that unbounded potentiality pulls both the individual and the cosmos towards a Divine ideal. Potential is universal. Potential is the nexus.. (shrink)
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  5.  60
    God and evil: a unified theodicy/theology/philosophy.DavidBirnbaum -1989 - Hoboken, N.J.: Ktav Pub. House.
    10.00 THEODICY/THEOLOGY 10.01 Definition The accepted name for the entire subject comprising the problem of evil and its attempted resolution is theodicy, ...
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  6.  159
    Causal Responsibility and Counterfactuals.David A. Lagnado,Tobias Gerstenberg &Ro'I. Zultan -2013 -Cognitive Science 37 (6):1036-1073.
    How do people attribute responsibility in situations where the contributions of multiple agents combine to produce a joint outcome? The prevalence of over-determination in such cases makes this a difficult problem for counterfactual theories of causal responsibility. In this article, we explore a general framework for assigning responsibility in multiple agent contexts. We draw on the structural model account of actual causation (e.g., Halpern & Pearl, 2005) and its extension to responsibility judgments (Chockler & Halpern, 2004). We review the main (...) theoretical and empirical issues that arise from this literature and propose a novel model of intuitive judgments of responsibility. This model is a function of both pivotality (whether an agent made a difference to the outcome) and criticality (how important the agent is perceived to be for the outcome, before any actions are taken). The model explains empirical results from previous studies and is supported by a new experiment that manipulates both pivotality and criticality. We also discuss possible extensions of this model to deal with a broader range of causal situations. Overall, our approach emphasizes the close interrelations between causality, counterfactuals, and responsibility attributions. (shrink)
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  7.  25
    Additive Effects of Item-Specific and Congruency Sequence Effects in the Vocal Stroop Task.Andrew J. Aschenbrenner &David A. Balota -2019 -Frontiers in Psychology 10:453433.
    There is a growing interest in assessing how cognitive processes fluidly adjust across trials within a task. Dynamic adjustments of control are typically measured using the congruency sequence effect (CSE), which refers to the reduction in interference following an incongruent trial, relative to a congruent trial. However, it is unclear if this effect stems from a general control mechanism or a distinct process tied to cross-trial reengagement of the task set. We examine the relationship of the CSE with another measure (...) of control referred to as the item-specific proportion congruency effect (ISPC), the finding that frequently occurring congruent items exhibit greater interference than items that are often incongruent. If the two effects reflect the same control mechanism, one should find interactive effects of CSE and ISPC. We report results from three experiments utilizing a vocal Stroop task that manipulated these two effects while controlling for variables that are often confounded in the literature. Across three experiments, we observed large CSE and ISPC effects. Importantly, these effects were robustly additive with one another (Bayes Factor for the null approaching 9). This finding indicates that the CSE and ISPC arise from independent mechanisms and suggests the CSE in Stroop may reflect a more general response adjustment process that is not directly tied to trial-by-trial changes in attentional control. (shrink)
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  8.  76
    Finding fault: causality and counterfactuals in group attributions.Ro’I. Zultan,Tobias Gerstenberg &David A. Lagnado -2012 -Cognition 125 (3):429-440.
  9.  27
    Direct verbal suggestibility: Measurement and significance.David A. Oakley,Eamonn Walsh,Mitul A. Mehta,Peter W. Halligan &Quinton Deeley -2021 -Consciousness and Cognition 89:103036.
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  10.  189
    Boltzmann, Gibbs, and the concept of equilibrium.David A. Lavis -2008 -Philosophy of Science 75 (5):682-696.
    The Boltzmann and Gibbs approaches to statistical mechanics have very different definitions of equilibrium and entropy. The problems associated with this are discussed and it is suggested that they can be resolved, to produce a version of statistical mechanics incorporating both approaches, by redefining equilibrium not as a binary property but as a continuous property measured by the Boltzmann entropy and by introducing the idea of thermodynamic-like behaviour for the Boltzmann entropy. The Kac ring model is used as an example (...) to test the proposals. (shrink)
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  11.  37
    Correction and reanalysis.Norman H. Anderson &David A. Grant -1958 -Journal of Experimental Psychology 56 (5):453.
  12.  89
    Adaptation to Global Warming: Do Climate Models Tell Us What We Need to Know?Naomi Oreskes,David A. Stainforth &Leonard A. Smith -2010 -Philosophy of Science 77 (5):1012-1028.
    Scientific experts have confirmed that anthropogenic warming is underway, and some degree of adaptation is now unavoidable. However, the details of impacts on the scale of climate change at which humans would have to prepare for and adjust to them are still the subject of considerable research, inquiry, and debate. Planning for adaptation requires information on the scale over which human organizations and institutions have authority and capacity, yet the general circulation models lack forecasting skill at these scales, and attempts (...) to “downscale” climate models are still in the early stages of development. Because we do not know what adaptations will be required, we cannot say whether they will be harder or easier—more expensive or less—than emissions control. Whatever improvements in regional predictive capacity may come about in the future, the lack of current predictive capacity on the relevant scale is a strong argument for why we must both control greenhouse gas emissions and prepare to adapt. (shrink)
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  13.  33
    Anthropology and the nature of man.David A. Baerreis -1970 -Zygon 5 (2):102-109.
  14.  15
    How Can an IRB Avoid the Use of Obsolete Consent Forms?N. Franklin Adkinson,Barbara L. Starklauf &David A. Blake -1983 -IRB: Ethics & Human Research 5 (1):10.
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  15.  57
    Does 'hypnosis' by any other name smell as sweet? The efficacy of 'hypnotic' inductions depends on the label 'hypnosis'.Balaganesh Gandhi &David A. Oakley -2005 -Consciousness and Cognition 14 (2):304-315.
    Hypnosis is associated with profound changes in conscious experience and is increasingly used as a cognitive tool to explore neuropsychological processes. Studies of this sort typically employ suggestions following a hypnotic induction to produce changes in perceptual experience and motor control. It is not clear, however, to what extent the induction procedure serves to facilitate suggested phenomena. This study investigated the effect on suggestibility of a hypnotic induction and labelling that procedure ‘hypnosis.’ Suggestibility of participants was tested before and after (...) an adapted hypnotic procedure, which was either labelled as ‘hypnosis’ or as ‘relaxation.’ The hypnotic procedure produced a modest increase in suggestibility when it was called ‘relaxation,’ but a very significant increase if it was labelled ‘hypnosis.’ The results are important for both clinical and experimental applications and indicate that labelling an induction procedure ‘hypnosis’ is an important determinant of subsequent responses to suggestion. (shrink)
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  16.  37
    “To learn healing knowledge”: Philosophy, psychedelic studies and transformation.David A. Pittaway -2018 -South African Journal of Philosophy 37 (4):438-451.
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  17.  16
    The role of self-compassion in loneliness during the COVID-19 pandemic: a group-based trajectory modelling approach.Robin Wollast,David A. Preece,Mathias Schmitz,Alix Bigot,James J. Gross &Olivier Luminet -2024 -Cognition and Emotion 38 (1):103-119.
    Research has suggested an increase in loneliness during the COVID-19 pandemic, but much of this work has been cross-sectional, making causal inferences difficult. In the present research, we employed a longitudinal design to identify loneliness trajectories within a period of twelve months during the COVID-19 pandemic in Belgium (N = 2106). We were particularly interested in the potential protective role of self-compassion in these temporal dynamics. Using a group-based trajectory modelling approach, we identified trajectory groups of individuals following low (11.0%), (...) moderate-low (22.4%), moderate (25.7%), moderate-high (31.3%), and high (9.6%) levels of loneliness. Findings indicated that younger people, women, and individuals with poor quality relationships, high levels of health anxiety, and stress related to COVID-19, all had a higher probability of belonging to the highest loneliness trajectory groups. Importantly, we also found that people high in two of the three facets of self-compassion (self-kindness and common humanity) had a lower probability of belonging to the highest loneliness trajectory groups. Ultimately, we demonstrated that trajectory groups reflecting higher levels of loneliness were associated with lower life satisfaction and greater depressive symptoms. We discuss the possibility that increasing self-compassion may be used to promote better mental health in similarly challenging situations. (shrink)
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  18.  19
    Information Processing in Affective Disorders: Did an Ancient Peptide Regulating Intercellular Metabolism Become Co‐Opted for Noxious Stress Sensing?David A. Lovejoy &David W. Hogg -2020 -Bioessays 42 (9):2000039.
    Affective disorders arise in stressful situations from aberrant sensory information integration that affects energetic nutrient (i.e., glucose) utilization to the cognitive centers of the brain. Because energy flow is mediated by molecular signals and receptors that evolved before the first complex brains, the phylogenetically oldest signaling systems are essential in the etiology of affective disorders. The corticotropin‐releasing factor (CRF) peptide subfamily is a phylogenetically old metazoan peptide family and is pivotal for regulating organismal energy response associated with stress. Highly conserved, (...) both the CRF peptide family and its receptors possess a structural relationship to the teneurins, and their receptors, latrophilins, respectively. The CRF homologous region of teneurin is defined as the “teneurin C‐terminal associated peptide” (TCAP) and antagonizes CRF action, regulates mitochondrial energy production, and is anxiolytic in vivo. Here, it is postulated that TCAP represents an ancient peptide that mediates intercellular information transfer of stressful and noxious events by regulating energy utilization among neurons. (shrink)
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  19. The plurality of consciousness.David A. Oakley &L. C. Eames -1986 - InMind and Brain. Methuen. pp. 33-49.
  20. Nature and Culture.W. Scott McLean,Eldridge M. Moores &David A. Robertson -1999 - In Robert Frodeman & Victor R. Baker,Earth Matters: The Earth Sciences, Philosophy, and the Claims of Community. Prentice-Hall. pp. 1--141.
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  21.  33
    Climate change and conflicting future visions.David A. Larrabee -2018 -Zygon 53 (2):515-544.
    Dealing with the effects of climate change requires the consideration of multiple conflicting moral claims. The prioritization of these claims depends on the vision of a desired future, eschatology broadly defined. These visions, sometimes implicit rather than explicit, shape our decision making by influencing our sense of how things “ought to be.” The role of future visions in economics, technology, and preservation of nature are explored as secular eschatologies. Four aspects of such visions are especially relevant to climate change decisions: (...) distributive justice, land use, the relationship among humans, and our relationship to the rest of nature. Effectively dealing with such wicked problems requires that we scrutinize our visions of how the future ought to be, both technically and morally. Finally, we must foster a dialogue between competing visions so that we can forge a path that strives for consent. (shrink)
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  22.  98
    Two Process Philosophers: Hartshorn’s Encounter with Whitehead. AAR Studies in Religion, Number Five.David A. Pailin -1974 -Process Studies 4 (2):133-140.
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  23.  18
    Essays in Honor of Kenneth J. Arrow: Volume 1, Social Choice and Public Decision Making.Walter P. Heller,Ross M. Starr &David A. Starrett (eds.) -1986 - Cambridge University Press.
    Professor Kenneth J. Arrow is one of the most distinguished economic theorists. He has played a major role in shaping the subject and is honoured by the publication of three volumes of essays on economic theory. Each volume deals with a different area of economic theory. The books include contributions by some of the best economic theorists from the United States, Japan, Israel and Europe.
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  24.  59
    Constitutions, written and otherwise.David A. Strauss -2000 -Law and Philosophy 19 (4):451 - 464.
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  25.  28
    The plight of the sense-making ape.David A. Leavens -unknown
    This is a selective review of the published literature on object-choice tasks, where participants use directional cues to find hidden objects. This literature comprises the efforts of researchers to make sense of the sense-making capacities of our nearest living relatives. This chapter is written to highlight some nonsensical conclusions that frequently emerge from this research. The data suggest that when apes are given approximately the same sense-making opportunities as we provide our children, then they will easily make sense of our (...) social signals. The ubiquity of nonsensical contemporary scientific claims to the effect that humans are essentially--or inherently--more capable than other great apes in the understanding of simple directional cues is, itself, a testament to the power of preconceived ideas on human perception. (shrink)
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  26.  26
    Gene delivery to neurons: Is herpes simplex virus the right tool for the job?David A. Leib &Paul D. Olivo -1993 -Bioessays 15 (8):547-554.
    Herpes simplex virus (HSV)‐derived vectors are currently being developed for the introduction of foreign DNA into neurons. HSV vectors can facilitate a range of molecular studies on postmitotic neurons and may ultimately be used for somatic cell gene therapy for certain neurologic diseases. In this article, the salient features of the pathogenesis and molecular biology of HSV relevant to its use as a vector are described, along with an overview of the methods used to derive these vectors. The accomplishments which (...) have been made to date using the HSV vector system are discussed, with emphasis on the issues of this technology which remain to be addressed. HSV has the potential to be a most useful tool for neuronal cell transgenesis and it is likely that important neurobiological questions will be answered using this vector system. (shrink)
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  27.  23
    Truth and falsity of verbal statements as conditioned stimuli in classical and differential eyelid conditioning.Robert A. Fleming,David A. Grant &Jane A. North -1968 -Journal of Experimental Psychology 78 (1):178.
  28.  121
    The timing of brain events: Authors’ response to Libet’s ‘Reply’.David A. Oakley &Patrick Haggard -2006 -Consciousness and Cognition 15 (3):548-550.
  29.  31
    Phenomenology and Religion, Structures of the Christian Institution, by Henry Duméry.David A. Pailin -1976 -Journal of the British Society for Phenomenology 7 (3):209-210.
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  30.  21
    The British Discovery of Hinduism in the Eighteenth Century, eight articles edited and introduced by P. J. Marshall.David A. Pailin -1972 -Journal of the British Society for Phenomenology 3 (3):299-301.
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  31.  8
    Logischer Rationalismus: philosophische Schriften der Lemberg-Warschauer Schule.David A. Pearce &Jan Wole Nski -1988
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  32.  43
    Brave New World of Genetic Engineering.David A. Prentice -2001 -The National Catholic Bioethics Quarterly 1 (4):529-539.
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  33.  55
    Stimulus selection, sensory memory, and orienting.Patricia T. Michie,David A. T. Siddle &Max Coltheart -1990 -Behavioral and Brain Sciences 13 (2):248-249.
  34.  28
    Defensive burying: A cross-species replication and extension.Stephen F. Davis,David A. Whiteside,Douglas G. Heck,Virginia A. Dickson &James L. Tramill -1981 -Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society 17 (1):45-47.
  35.  58
    Marković's concept ofPraxisas norm1.David A. Crocker -1977 -Inquiry: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Philosophy 20 (1-4):1-43.
    This study elucidates and appraises a conception of praxis developed by the Yugoslav Marxist Mihailo Markovi . This notion is first distinguished from everyday and alternative theoretical uses of 'practice', 'practical', and 'praxis' . Markovic's view is then characterized as a normative, pluralistic theory of both human being and doing. Praxis , for Markovi , is activity which realizes one's best potentialities: (i) the humanly generic dispositions of intentionality, self-determination, creativity, sociality, and rationality, and (ii) one's relatively distinctive abilities and (...) bents compatible with (i). Following a critical analysis of Markovic's attempts to justify praxis as norm, two substantive criticisms are advanced. The theory needs (i) priority rules for the relative weighting of praxis components when they cannot all be (fully) realized in an action, and (ii) a specification of the genus praxis so as to recognize important differences among optimal activities which shape things, construct theories, rear children, and share with mature persons. (shrink)
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  36. Enlightenment Aberrations: Error and Revolution in France.David W. Bates,PierreBirnbaum,M. B. Debevoise,Sudhir Hazareesingh &Darrin M. Mcmahon -2003 -Political Theory 31 (2):295-301.
     
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  37.  34
    Some Comments on Hartshorne's Presentation of the Ontological Argument:DAVID A. PAILIN.David A. Pailin -1968 -Religious Studies 4 (1):103-122.
    Although the basic ideas of the ontological argument can be found in Aristotle and Philo Judaeus, the argument received its classical formulation in Anselm's Proslogion and his Reply to the objections raised by Gaunilo. During the succeeding nine centuries the argument has had a chequered career. It was supported by some scholastic theologians but rejected by Aquinas. Descartes and Leibniz offered their own versions of the proof but Kant's refutation of the argument has generally been accepted as conclusive during the (...) past century and a half. Nevertheless, interest in the proof has never completely disappeared—perhaps provoked by Aquinas' suggestion that the proof may be valid for God even though it cannot be valid for us because of the inadequacy of our knowledge of God. Recently there has been a revival of interest in the ontological argument. J. N. Findlay put the argument into reverse to show the necessary non-existence of God in an article in 1948 but in later writings he has suggested that the argument may have positive significance. In 1960 Norman Malcolm published a paper in which he distinguished two basically different forms of the ontological argument in the Proslogion and defended the possible validity of the second of them. (shrink)
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  38. of the Self-conceptDavid A. DeSteno and Peter Salovey.David A. DeSteno -1997 -Cognition and Emotion 2 (4).
  39.  223
    A behavioral analysis of degree of reinforcement and ease of shifting to new responses in a Weigl-type card-sorting problem.David A. Grant &Esta Berg -1948 -Journal of Experimental Psychology 38 (4):404.
  40. Voicing possibilities : a performative approach to the theory and practice of ethics in a globalised world.David A. Webb Australia -2015 - In Daniel E. Palmer,Handbook of research on business ethics and corporate responsibilities. Hershey: Business Science Reference, An Imprint of IGI Global.
     
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  41.  42
    The Humanity of the Theologian and the Personal Nature of God:DAVID A. PAILIN.David A. Pailin -1976 -Religious Studies 12 (2):141-158.
    In his autobiographical-biographical study, Father and Son, Edmund Gosse describes how one evening, during his childhood, while his father was praying at - or, rather, over - his bed, a rather large insect dark and flat, with more legs than a self-respecting insect ought to need, appeared at the bottom of the counterpane, and slowly advanced… I bore it in silent fascination till it almost tickled my chin, and then I screamed ‘Papa! Papa!’. My Father rose in great dudgeon, removed (...) the insect and then gave me a tremendous lecture. 1. (shrink)
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  42.  54
    The Moral Status of Nuclear Deterrent Threats*:DAVID A. HOEKEMA.David A. Hoekema -1985 -Social Philosophy and Policy 3 (1):93-117.
    Ethical reflection on the practice of war stands in a long tradition in Western philosophy and theology, a tradition which begins with the writings of Plato and Augustine and encompasses accounts of justified warfare offered by writers from the Medieval period to the present. Ethical reflection on nuclear war is of necessity a more recent theme. The past few years have seen an enormous increase in popular as well as scholarly concern with nuclear issues, and philosophers have joined theologians in (...) exploring the moral issues surrounding the harnessing of atomic forces in the service of war. (shrink)
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  43.  43
    A general model of consensus and accuracy in interpersonal perception.David A. Kenny -1991 -Psychological Review 98 (2):155-163.
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  44.  64
    Brain and Mind.David A. Oakley (ed.) -1985 - New York: Methuen.
  45.  69
    Legal idioms: a framework for evidential reasoning.David A. Lagnado,Norman Fenton &Martin Neil -2013 -Argument and Computation 4 (1):46 - 63.
    (2013). Legal idioms: a framework for evidential reasoning. Argument & Computation: Vol. 4, Formal Models of Reasoning in Cognitive Psychology, pp. 46-63. doi: 10.1080/19462166.2012.682656.
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  46.  80
    A theory of reasons for action.David A. J. Richards -1971 - Oxford,: Clarendon Press.
  47.  12
    Queer imaginings: on writing and cinematic friendship.David A. Gerstner -2023 - Detroit: Wayne State University Press.
    How do we identify the "queer auteur" and their queer imaginings? Is it possible to account for such a figure when the very terms "queer" and "auteur" invoke aesthetic surprises and disorientations, disconcerting ironies and paradoxes, and biographical deceits and ambiguities?David A. Gerstner traces a history of ideas that spotlight an ever-shifting terrain associated with auteur theory and, in particular, queer-auteur theory. Engaging with the likes of Oscar Wilde, Walter Benjamin, James Baldwin, Jean Louis Baudry, Linda Nochlin, Jane (...) Gallop, Cáel Keegan, Luce Irigaray, and other prominent critical thinkers, Gerstner contemplates how the queer auteur in film theory might open us to the work of desire. Ultimately, Queer Imaginings is a journey in shared pleasures in which writing for and about cinema makes way for unanticipated cinematic friendships."--Page 4 of cover. (shrink)
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  48. Comment: The connectionist as a conservative.David A. Reisman -1997 - In Stephen F. Frowen,Hayek: Economist and Social Philosopher: A Critical Retrospect. St. Martin's Press.
  49.  94
    The intelligence of the moral intuitions: A comment on Haidt (2001).David A. Pizarro &Paul Bloom -2003 -Psychological Review 110 (1):193-196.
  50.  17
    Women, Gays, and the Constitution: The Grounds for Feminism and Gay Rights in Culture and Law.David A. J. Richards -1998 - University of Chicago Press.
    In this remarkable study,David A. J. Richards combines an interpretive history of culture and law, political philosophy, and constitutional analysis to explain the background, development, and growing impact of two of the most important and challenging human rights movements of our time, feminism and gay rights. Richards argues that both movements are extensions of rights-based dissent, rooted in antebellum abolitionist feminism that condemned both American racism and sexism. He sees the progressive role of such radical dissent as an (...) emancipated moral voice in the American constitutional tradition. He examines the role of dissident African Americans, Jews, women, and homosexuals in forging alternative visions of rights-based democracy. He also draws special attention to Walt Whitman's visionary poetry, showing how it made space for the silenced and subjugated voices of homosexuals in public and private culture. According to Richards, contemporary feminism rediscovers and elaborates this earlier tradition. And, similarly, the movement for gay rights builds upon an interpretation of abolitionist feminism developed by Whitman in his defense, both in poetry and prose, of love between men. Richards explores Whitman's impact on pro-gay advocates, including John Addington Symonds, Havelock Ellis, Edward Carpenter, Oscar Wilde, and André Gide. He also discusses other diverse writers and reformers such as Margaret Sanger, Franz Boas, Elizabeth Stanton, W. E. B. DuBois, and Adrienne Rich. Richards addresses current controversies such as the exclusion of homosexuals from the military and from the right to marriage and concludes with a powerful defense of the struggle for such constitutional rights in terms of the principles of rights-based feminism. (shrink)
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