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Results for 'D. A. Parfit'

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  1.  26
    The Social Obligations of the Scientist.Paul Sieghart,B. S. Drasar,J. C. B. Glover,V. A. S. Glover,M. J. Hill,J. Issroff &D. A.Parfit -1973 -The Hastings Center Studies 1 (2):7.
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  2.  52
    Life, Death, and Meaning: Key Philosophical Readings on the Big Questions.Margaret A. Boden,Richard B. Brandt,Peter Caldwell,Fred Feldman,John Martin Fischer,Richard Hare,David Hume,W. D. Joske,Immanuel Kant,Frederick Kaufman,James Lenman,John Leslie,Steven Luper-Foy,Michaelis Michael,Thomas Nagel,Robert Nozick,DerekParfit,George Pitcher,Stephen E. Rosenbaum,David Schmidtz,Arthur Schopenhauer,David B. Suits,Richard Taylor &Bernard Williams -2004 - Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
    Do our lives have meaning? Should we create more people? Is death bad? Should we commit suicide? Would it be better if we were immortal? Should we be optimistic or pessimistic? Life, Death, and Meaning brings together key readings, primarily by English-speaking philosophers, on such 'big questions.'.
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  3.  21
    Identity and Thought Experiment. [REVIEW]A. D. H. -1981 -Review of Metaphysics 34 (3):602-603.
    The author, a member of the faculty in philosophy at Visva-Bharati University, produced this volume under appointment as Visiting Fellow at the Indian Institute of Advanced Study, after having studied in England. These four essays are concerned with recent analytic thought, concentrating upon the problem of identity and the experiments of reflection which have appeared in modern British philosophy, such as Strawson’s world of nothing but sound. Chandra’s central concern is to analyse the relationship between identity and continuity, and to (...) show that these concepts are not identical. Thus the book is an extended essay in conceptual clarification and logical geography. Saying that a is identical with b is not to say that a is continuous with b. All of this is undertaken because the author finds this inappropriate identification pervasive in contemporary philosophy, and the source of considerable logical confusion, especially in the consideration of personal identity. As an underlying theme attention is also focused upon the relevance of this issue to the debate concerning philosophical skepticism. Strawson’s sound world is seen as an attempt to refute the skeptic, which attempt fails because of Strawson’s failure to distinguish between identity and continuity. With the failure of Strawson’s attack upon the skeptic, and perhaps the phenomenalist as well, his defense of material bodies is thereby undermined. In addition to Strawson, Chandra studies Price, Ryle, Hick, and the very recent work on personal identity byParfit. The author concludes that identity is consistent with discontinuous existence. He also offers an analysis of after-images, including not only visual after-images but after-images of taste as well. A further underlying theme is the use of science in such thought experiments, for they are frequently presented as if they were of a scientific character, thus exaggerating scientific capabilities. However, the nature of the relationship between philosophy and science is hardly clarified, and the nature of scientific limits remains vague throughout the book. Chandra has isolated a unique feature of contemporary analytic philosophy for consideration, for few others have so concentrated upon this strange feature of thought experiment which pervades British philosophy, nor the identification of identity and continuity. The book would have been improved tremendously, however, if the author had only indicated much more clearly than he does the philosophical conclusions which he wishes to draw from his reflections. These constantly remain uncertain and ambiguous.—H.A.D. (shrink)
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  4.  57
    Taylor andParfit on personal identity: a response to Lotter [1].D. P. Baker -1999 -South African Journal of Philosophy 18 (3):331-346.
  5.  20
    Rezension: D.Parfit, Reasons and Persons'.Mary A. Mccloskey -1986 -Australasian Journal of Philosophy 64 (3):381-389.
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  6.  468
    Evidence and the afterlife.Steven D. Hales -2001 -Philosophia 28 (1-4):335-346.
    Several prominent philosophers, including A.J. Ayer and DerekParfit, have offered the evidentiary requirements for believing human personality can reincarnate, and hence that Cartesian dualism is true. At least one philosopher, Robert Almeder, has argued that there are actual cases which satisfy these requirements. I argue in this paper that even if we grant the empirical data-a large concession-belief in reincarnation is still unjustified. The problem is that without a theoretical account of the alleged cases of reincarnation, the empirical (...) evidence alone does not license giving up materialist theories of the mind. (shrink)
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  7.  175
    Wrongful Harm to Future Generations: The Case of Climate Change.Marc D. Davidson -2008 -Environmental Values 17 (4):471 - 488.
    In this article I argue that governments are justified in addressing the potential for human induced climate damages on the basis of future generations' rights to bodily integrity and personal property. First, although future generations' entitlements to property originate in our present entitlements, the principle of self-ownership requires us to take 'reasonable care' of the products of future labour. Second, whileParfit's non-identity problem has as yet no satisfactory solution, the present absence of an equilibrium between theory and intuitions (...) justifies a precautionary approach, i.e. treating climate damage as a wrongful harm. In addition, a supplementary consideration is described as arising from transcendental needs. (shrink)
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  8.  279
    OnParfit’s disagreement with Nietzsche (by D*n*ld D*v*ds*n).Terence Rajivan Edward -manuscript
    This paper presents a Davidsonian perspective on DerekParfit’s disagreements with Nietzsche. I have actually gone further, too far perhaps, and tried to imitate Davidson’s attractive essayistic style.
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  9.  91
    Climate change, intergenerational justice, and the non-identity effect.Thomas D. Bontly -2020 -Intergenerational Justice Review 5 (2).
    Do we owe it to future generations, as a requirement of justice, to take action to mitigate anthropogenic climate change? This paper examines the implications of DerekParfit’s notorious non-identity problem for that question. An argument from Jörg Tremmel that the non-identity effect of climate policy is “insignificant” is examined and found wanting, and a contrastive, difference-making approach for comparing different choices’ non-identity effects is developed. Using the approach, it is argued that the non-identity effect of a given policy (...) response to climate change depends on the contrasting policy. Compared to a baseline scenario without further mitigation, the non-identity effect of choosing to limit climate change to 1.5°C would be highly significant. (shrink)
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  10.  163
    Causes, contrasts, and the non-identity problem.Thomas D. Bontly -2016 -Philosophical Studies 173 (5):1233-1251.
    Can an act harm someone—a future someone, someone who does not exist yet but will—if that person would never exist but for that very action? This is one question raised by the non-identity problem. Many would argue that the answer is No: an action harms someone only insofar as it is worse for her, and an action cannot be worse for someone if she would not exist without it. The first part of this paper contends that the plausibility of the (...) ‘no harm’ argument stems from an equivocation. The second half argues for an account of harm that is both causal and contrastive. Finally, the paper contends that the contrastive account disarms the no harm argument and furthermore neutralizes a related argument that has been problematic for some previously proposed solutions to the non-identity problem. (shrink)
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  11.  101
    On the contribution of ex ante equality to ex post fairness.Keith D. Hyams -unknown
    When distributing an indivisible harm or benefit between multiple individuals, all of whom have an equal claim to avoid the harm or receive the benefit, it is commonly thought that one should hold a lottery in order to give each claimant an equal chance of winning. Moreover, it is often said that, by holding a lottery, one makes the resultant outcome inequality between those who receive the harm or benefit and those who do not less unfair than it would otherwise (...) have been. The stated view – the ‘egalitarian mixed view’ – claims that the unfairness of a brute luck ex post distribution is a function of both the degree of inequality in the ex post distribution itself, and the degree of inequality in the ex ante distribution of chances from which it is derived. Versions of the view have been prominently endorsed by a number of authors, including Arneson, Broome, Diamond, Lang, Otsuka,Parfit, and Temkin. The appeal of the view is linked to its apparent promise to accommodate intuitions that have been thought to threaten views which link the fairness of an outcome either solely to the ex ante distribution or solely to the ex post distribution. I argue, to the contrary, that the egalitarian mixed view is mistaken. In particular, I argue that the distinction at the heart of the view – that between outcomes and changes to probabilities – is morally arbitrary at best and incoherent at worst. I consider possible responses to the charge and find them wanting. I note that the failure of the egalitarian mixed view has significant consequences for policy, including most importantly for how we should interpret the goal of fair equality of opportunity. (shrink)
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  12. Falsafat al-muṣādafah.Maḥmūd Amīn ʻĀlim -1970
     
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  13. Li︠u︡di! Vperedi propastʹ: pisʹma deti︠a︡m, vnukam, druzʹi︠a︡m, budushchim pokolenii︠a︡m.E. D. I︠A︡khnin -2002 - Moskva: Taĭdeks Ko.
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  14.  16
    Facial affect recognition in criminal psychopaths.D. Kosson,Y. Suchy,A. Mayer &J. Libby -2002 -Emotion 2:398–411.
    Prior studies provide consistent evidence of deficits for psychopaths in processing verbal emotional material but are inconsistent regarding nonverbal emotional material. To examine whether psychopaths exhibit general versus specific deficits in nonverbal emotional processing, 34 psychopaths and 33 nonpsychopaths identified with Hare's (R. D. Hare, 1991) Psychopathy Checklist-Revised were asked to complete a facial affect recognition test. Slides of prototypic facial expressions were presented. Three hypotheses regarding hemispheric lateralization anomalies in psychopaths were also tested (right-hemisphere dysfunction, reduced lateralization, and reversed (...) lateralization). Psychopaths were less accurate than nonpsychopaths at classifying facial affect under conditions promoting reliance on right-hemisphere resources and displayed a specific deficit in classifying disgust. These findings demonstrate that psychopaths exhibit specific deficits in nonverbal emotional processing. (shrink)
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  15.  98
    Constructing the Death Elephant: A Synthetic Paradigm Shift for the Definition, Criteria, and Tests for Death.D. A. Shewmon -2010 -Journal of Medicine and Philosophy 35 (3):256-298.
    In debates about criteria for human death, several camps have emerged, the main two focusing on either loss of the "organism as a whole" (the mainstream view) or loss of consciousness or "personhood." Controversies also rage over the proper definition of "irreversible" in criteria for death. The situation is reminiscent of the proverbial blind men palpating an elephant; each describes the creature according to the part he can touch. Similarly, each camp grasps some aspect of the complex reality of death. (...) The personhood camp, in contrast to the mainstream "organism" camp, recognizes that a human organism can still be a biological living whole even without brain function. The mainstream camp, in contrast to the personhood camp, recognizes that a person can be permanently, even irreversibly unconscious, and still be a living person so long as his/her body is alive. The author proposes that hylomorphic dualism incorporates both these key insights. But to complete the picture of the entire "death elephant," a fundamental paradigm shift is needed to make sense of other seemingly conflicting insights. The author proposes a "semantic bisection" of the concept of death, analogous to the traditional distinction at the beginning of life between "conception" and "birth." To avoid the semantic baggage associated with the term "death," the two new death-related concepts are referred to as "passing away" (or "deceased") and "deanimation," corresponding, respectively, to sociolegal ceasing-to-be (mirror image of birth) and ontological/theological ceasing-to-be of the bodily organism (mirror image of conception). Regarding criteria, the distinguishing feature is whether the cessation of function is permanent (passing away) or irreversible (deanimation). If the "dead donor rule" were renamed the "deceased donor rule" (both acronyms felicitously being "DDR"), the ethics of organ transplantation from non–heart-beating donors could, in principle, be validly governed by the DDR, even though the donors are not yet ontologically "deanimated." Thus, the paradigm shift satisfies both those who insist on maintaining the DDR and those who claim that it has all along been receiving only lip service and should be explicitly loosened to include those who are "as good as dead." Even so, a number of practical caveats remain to be worked out for non–heart-beating protocols. (shrink)
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  16.  123
    Parfit and the sorites paradox.J. M. Goodenough -1996 -Philosophical Studies 83 (2):113-20.
    This paper aims to establish that Sorites reasoning, a fundamental part ofParfit's work, is more destructive that he intends. I establish the form thatParfit's arguments take and then substitute premises whose acceptability toParfit I show. The new argument demonstrates an eliminativism or immaterialism concerning persons whichParfit must find repugnant.
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  17. Implicit memory and errorless learning: a link between cognitive theory and neuropsychological rehabilitation.A. D. Baddeley -1992 - In L. R. Squire & N. Butters,Neuropsychology of Memory. Guilford Press. pp. 2--309.
  18. In search of the absolute: a critical study of the the Advaitic philosophy of the equality of religions.A. D. Vallooran -2021 - Bengaluru, India: ATC Publishers.
  19.  24
    Iteration Trees.D. A. Martin &J. R. Steel -2002 -Bulletin of Symbolic Logic 8 (4):545-546.
  20. Ėvoli︠u︡t︠s︡ii︠a︡, kosmos, chelovek: obshchie zakony razvitii︠a︡ i kont︠s︡ept︠s︡ii︠a︡ antropokosmizma.A. D. Ursul -1986 - Kishinev: "Shtiint︠s︡a". Edited by T. A. Ursul.
     
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  21.  80
    The manuscripts of Cicero'sDe oratore:E is a descendant ofA.D. S. A. Renting -1996 -Classical Quarterly 46 (01):183-.
    The manuscripts of Cicero's De oratore divide into two families: mutili and integri. The oldest representatives of the mutilated family are Avranches 238 , Erlangen 380 , and London, Harley 2736 . A and H are independent of each other, and the best witnesses to the text of the lost archetype . E too is considered to be an independent witness. Since the work of E. Ströbel, dating from the early eighties of the last century, the view has been generally (...) held that E, though closely related to A, is not a descendant of it but a copy of a ‘gemellus’ of A. The stemma devised by Ströbel has remained essentially the same to the present day. (shrink)
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  22.  31
    Self and Community in a Changing World.D. A. Masolo -2010 - Indiana University Press.
    Revisiting African philosophy’s classic questions, D. A. Masolo advances understandings of what it means to be human—whether of African or other origin. Masolo reframes indigenous knowledge as diversity: How are we to understand the place and structure of consciousness? How does the everyday color the world we know? Where are the boundaries between self and other, universal and particular, and individual and community? From here, he takes a dramatic turn toward Africa’s current political situation and considers why individual rights and (...) freedoms have not been recognized, respected, demanded, or enforced. Masolo offers solutions for containing socially destructive conduct and antisocial tendencies by engaging community. His unique thinking about community and the role of the individual extends African philosophy in new, global directions. (shrink)
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  23. The Good and the Clever: The Founders' Memorial Lecture, Girton College 1945.A. D. Lindsay -2014 - Cambridge University Press.
    Originally published in 1945, this book presents the content of the Girton College Founders' Memorial Lecture for that year, which was delivered by A. D. Lindsay. This book will be of value to anyone with an interest in philosophy and the relationship between intelligence and morality.
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  24.  173
    Parfit on Pains, Pleasures, and the Time of Their Occurrence.Dan Moller -2002 -Canadian Journal of Philosophy 32 (1):67 - 82.
    Consider our attitude toward painful and pleasant experiences depending on when they occur. A striking but rarely discussed feature of our attitude which DerekParfit has emphasized is that we strongly wish painful experiences to lie in our past and pleasant experiences to lie in our future. Our asymmetrical attitudes toward future and past pains and pleasures can be forcefully illustrated by means of a thought-experiment described byParfit (1984, 165) which I will paraphrase as follows: You are (...) in the hospital to have an extremely painful but completely safe operation for which you can be given no anaesthetic. In order to ease recovery, you know that the hospital will give you drugs that cause you to forget your operation as soon as it is completed. You wake up, not remembering having gone to sleep, and ask the nurse if your operation has been completed. She tells you that there were two patients for this operation and she cannot remember which you are: either you already had your operation and it was the longest such operation ever performed, lasting ten hours, or else you are the other patient in which case your operation is imminent, but will last only one hour. 1. I wish to thank Sarah Broadie for comments on a version of this paper and DerekParfit for conversations on this subject. (shrink)
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  25. Jhênaco disṭāvo = Zencho distavo: revelation of zen.Sureśa Guṇḍū Āmoṇakāra -2013 - Mhāpasā, Govā: Gitā Prasāra.
     
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  26.  10
    Bhāratasya Bauddhikātmanirbharatāyāṃ Saṃskr̥taśāstrāṇāṃ bhūmikā: Rāṣṭriyaparisaṃvāde prastutānāṃ śodhalekhānāṃ saṅgrahaḥ.Jānakīśaraṇa Ācārya,Lalita Paṭela &Kārtika Paṇḍyā (eds.) -2022 - Gāndhīnagaram: Saṃskr̥ta-Sāhitya-Akādamī.
    Contributed research papers presented at National Seminar jointly organized by Somanth Sanskrit University, Veraval and Sanskrit Sahitya Akadami at Gandhinagar on February 21-22, 2022.
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  27.  20
    The First Darwinian Left: Radical and Socialist Responses to Darwin, 1859-1914.D. A. Stack -2000 -History of Political Thought 21 (4):682-710.
    Myths, misunderstanding and neglect have combined to obscure our understanding of the relationship between left-wing politics and Darwinian science. This article seeks to redress the balance by studying how radical and socialist thinkers of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, desperate to legitimate their work with scientific authority, wrestled with the paradoxical challenges Darwinism posed for their politics. By studying eight leading radical and socialist thinkers — ranging from the co-founder of the theory of evolution by natural selection, Alfred (...) Russel Wallace, through to Britain's first Labour Prime Minister, J. Ramsay MacDonald — this article analyses the often tortuous relationship between Darwinism and the left, as well as providing fresh insights into the historiographical debate over ‘continuity’ in radicalism and socialism. A strict definition of ‘Darwinian’ is adopted throughout, in order to help us delineate what was specifically ‘Darwinian’ from what merely reflected the general evolutionary ethos of the age, in left-wing thought, and to move us beyond the sensational and distorting focus on eugenics which has characterized previous studies. (shrink)
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  28. A Formalization of the Transcendental Principle of Reasoning.D. A. Rohatyn -1977 -International Logic Review 15:75.
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  29.  7
    From anthropology to social theory: rethinking the social sciences.Árpád Szakolczai -2018 - NewYork, NY: Cambridge University Press. Edited by Bjørn Thomassen.
    A rethinking of contemporary social theory that provides a vision about the modern world through key ideas developed by 'maverick' anthropologists.
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  30. Cognition in the head and in the world: Introduction to a debate on situated cognition.D. A. Norman -1993 -Cognitive Science 17:124-138.
     
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  31.  27
    Resident's and patients' perspectives on informed consent in primary care clinics (vol 11, pg 39, 2000).D. G. Kondo,F. M. Bishop &J. A. Jacobson -2000 -Journal of Clinical Ethics 11 (3):285-285.
  32.  83
    A Legal Theory for Autonomous Artificial Agents by Samir Chopra and Laurence F White.D. A. Coady -2012 -Australian Journal of Legal Philosophy 37 (2012):349-50.
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  33.  30
    Blindsight in rodents: The use of a "high-level" distance cue in gerbils with lesions of primary visual cortex.D. P. Carey,Melvyn A. Goodale &E. G. Sprowl -1990 -Behavioural Brain Research 38:283-289.
  34.  425
    Parfit : l'âge de la raison de la morale.Yann Schmitt -2019 -Klēsis Revue Philosophique 1 (43).
    Figure majeure de la philosophie morale, DerekParfit (1942-2017) reste encore peuconnu en France. Cette introduction vise à montrer l'ampleur des thématiques abordées deParfit en les rattachant au projet d'une éthique rationnelle, tandis que le numéro dansson ensemble, sans prétendre être exhaustif, propose des présentations et discussions de différents éléments clefs de sa philosophie.
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  35. Gesprekken over de natuurlijke godsdienst.D. Hume &A. Vink -1994 -Tijdschrift Voor Filosofie 56 (1):148-149.
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  36.  4
    al-Ḥurrīyah al-fikrīyah wa-al-dīnīyah: ruʼyah Islāmīyah jadīdah.Yaḥyá Riḍā Jād -2013 - al-Qāhirah: al-Dār al-Miṣrīyah al-Lubnānīyah.
    Liberty; Islamic philosophy; religious aspects; Islam.
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  37. Handbook of Research on Face Processing.A. W. Young &H. D. Ellis (eds.) -1989 - North Holland.
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  38. Uber einen neuen Versuch der Argumentation für die methodologische Einheit der Wissenschaften. Ein kritische Kommentar.D. Jakowljewitsch &A. Buhler -1989 -Conceptus: Zeitschrift Fur Philosophie 23 (59):91-98.
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  39. Fred I. Dretske and the notion of direct perception.A. D. P. Kalansuriya -1980 -Indian Philosophical Quarterly 7 (July):513-517.
  40. Gheraṇḍasaṃhitā: Yogaśāstram. Gheraṇḍa, Caṇḍakāpali & Rādhācandra (eds.) -1929 - Kalyāṇa-Bambaī: "Laksmīveṅkateśvara" Sṭīm Presa.
     
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  41. (3 other versions)Theory of Knowledge.A. D. Woozley -1951 -Philosophy 26 (97):186-186.
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  42. Phenomenal similarity and the perceptual moment hypothesis.D. A. Allport -1968 -British Journal of Psychology 59:395-406.
  43. Zhabaĭkhan Mubarakovich Abdilʹdin.L. D. Ăbenova -2002 - Almaty: [S.N.]. Edited by D. Zh Omarbekova.
     
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  44. Mā maʻná an takūna Musliman?Āl ʻAwaḍ &Maḥmūd ibn Ḥusayn -2018 - al-Qalyūbīyah [Egypt]: Tabṣīr li-Taqrīb al-Turāth wa-al-Radd ʻalá al-Shubuhāt.
     
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  45. Evkharisticheskai︠a︡ chasha.D. A. Krylov -2000 - Chita: Izd-vo Zabaĭkalʹskogo gos. pedagog. universiteta.
    Kn. 1. O tvorcheskom puti i ideakh S. N. Bulgakova.
     
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  46.  63
    The Reform of Logic in Descartes's and Spinoza's Works.A. D. Maidanskii -1998 -Russian Studies in Philosophy 37 (2):25-44.
    Sooner or later there comes a time in the history of a science when it pauses from dealing with its innumerable special problems and returns to the study of first principles and the foundations that delimit its particular field of inquiry. The result is usually a radical revision of a number of established basic ideas, the discovery of some hitherto unknown dimension in the field, and the emergence of an appropriate paradigm for investigating the field. It was the fate of (...) logic to be one of the first fields to undergo such a reformation, which lasted more than two centuries. Its instigators were Rene Descartes and Benedict Spinoza. (shrink)
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  47.  6
    The Changing Sixth Form in the Twentieth Century.A. D. Edwards -2007 - Routledge.
    Originally published 1970.This book traces the history of the sixth form in Britain from the first decade of this century and follows the continuing debate over its function to the present day. It analyzes what kind of organisation is required to meet the demands of rising numbers and questions whether the needs of older adolescents can be better met in the "new" sixth form of the comprehensive school or in a separate type of sixth-form college. The book also discusses the (...) balance between general and specialized courses. (shrink)
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  48.  3
    Pedagogicheskoe nasledie N.K. Krupskoĭ i sovremennostʹ: monografii︠a︡.D. A. Araĭpetova -2019 - Moskva: "Znanie-M". Edited by O. V. Berezhnova, Ольга Викторовна Бережнова, T. A. Dudnikova, Татьяна Анатольевна Дудникова & M. V. Smagina.
  49. A City in Conflict: Troyes During the French Wars of Religion. By Penny Roberts.D. A. Warner -1998 -The European Legacy 3:163-163.
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  50. (1 other version)Rethinking Communities in a Global Context.D. A. Masolo -1999 -African Philosophy 12 (1):51–68.
     
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