Works by D. Norris
41 found
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| Dennis Norris [27] | D. I. R. Norris [4] | Damien Norris [2] | Dominic Norris [1] |
| Damian Norris [1] | Davon Norris [1] | Debra Hess Norris [1] | D. C. Norris [1] |
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- Shortlist B: A Bayesian model of continuous speech recognition.Dennis Norris &James M. McQueen -2008 -Psychological Review 115 (2):357-395.No categories
- Shortlist: a connectionist model of continuous speech recognition.Dennis Norris -1994 -Cognition 52 (3):189-234.
- Merging information in speech recognition: Feedback is never necessary.Dennis Norris,James M. McQueen &Anne Cutler -2000 -Behavioral and Brain Sciences 23 (3):299-325.Top-down feedback does not benefit speech recognition; on the contrary, it can hinder it. No experimental data imply that feedback loops are required for speech recognition. Feedback is accordingly unnecessary and spoken word recognition is modular. To defend this thesis, we analyse lexical involvement in phonemic decision making. TRACE (McClelland & Elman 1986), a model with feedback from the lexicon to prelexical processes, is unable to account for all the available data on phonemic decision making. The modular Race model (Cutler (...) & Norris 1979) is likewise challenged by some recent results, however. We therefore present a new modular model of phonemic decision making, the Merge model. In Merge, information flows from prelexical processes to the lexicon without feedback. Because phonemic decisions are based on the merging of prelexical and lexical information, Merge correctly predicts lexical involvement in phonemic decisions in both words and nonwords. Computer simulations show how Merge is able to account for the data through a process of competition between lexical hypotheses. We discuss the issue of feedback in other areas of language processing and conclude that modular models are particularly well suited to the problems and constraints of speech recognition. Key Words: computational modeling; feedback; lexical processing; modularity; phonemic decisions; reading; speech recognition; word recognition. (shrink)
- The Bayesian reader: Explaining word recognition as an optimal Bayesian decision process.Dennis Norris -2006 -Psychological Review 113 (2):327-357.
- The primacy model: A new model of immediate serial recall.Michael P. A. Page &Dennis Norris -1998 -Psychological Review 105 (4):761-781.
- Race models and analogy theories: A dead heat? Reply to Seidenberg.Dennis Norris &Gordon Brown -1985 -Cognition 20 (2):155-168.No categories
- Word recognition: Context effects without priming.Dennis Norris -1986 -Cognition 22 (2):93-136.
- How to built a connectionist idiot.Dennis Norris -1990 -Cognition 35 (3):277-291.
- Phonological Abstraction in the Mental Lexicon.James M. McQueen,Anne Cutler &Dennis Norris -2006 -Cognitive Science 30 (6):1113-1126.A perceptual learning experiment provides evidence that the mental lexicon cannot consist solely of detailed acoustic traces of recognition episodes. In a training lexical decision phase, listeners heard an ambiguous [f–s] fricative sound, replacing either [f] or [s] in words. In a test phase, listeners then made lexical decisions to visual targets following auditory primes. Critical materials were minimal pairs that could be a word with either [f] or [s] (cf. English knife–nice), none of which had been heard in training. (...) Listeners interpreted the minimal pair words differently in the second phase according to the training received in the first phase. Therefore, lexically mediated retuning of phoneme perception not only influences categorical decisions about fricatives (Norris, McQueen, & Cutler, 2003), but also benefits recognition of words outside the training set. The observed generalization across words suggests that this retuning occurs prelexically. Therefore, lexical processing involves sublexical phonological abstraction, not only accumulation of acoustic episodes. (shrink)No categories
- Reading through a noisy channel: Why there's nothing special about the perception of orthography.Dennis Norris &Sachiko Kinoshita -2012 -Psychological Review 119 (3):517-545.No categories
- More why, less how: What we need from models of cognition.Dennis Norris &Anne Cutler -2021 -Cognition 213 (C):104688.
- Commentary on “Interaction in Spoken Word Recognition Models”.Dennis Norris,James M. McQueen &Anne Cutler -2018 -Frontiers in Psychology 9.
- Models of visual word recognition.Dennis Norris -2013 -Trends in Cognitive Sciences 17 (10):517-524.
- Chunking and data compression in verbal short-term memory.Dennis Norris &Kristjan Kalm -2021 -Cognition 208 (C):104534.
- How Should a Speech Recognizer Work?Odette Scharenborg,Dennis Norris,Louis Bosch &James M. McQueen -2005 -Cognitive Science 29 (6):867-918.Although researchers studying human speech recognition (HSR) and automatic speech recognition (ASR) share a common interest in how information processing systems (human or machine) recognize spoken language, there is little communication between the two disciplines. We suggest that this lack of communication follows largely from the fact that research in these related fields has focused on the mechanics of how speech can be recognized. In Marr's (1982) terms, emphasis has been on the algorithmic and implementational levels rather than on the (...) computational level. In this article, we provide a computational-level analysis of the task of speech recognition, which reveals the close parallels between research concerned with HSR and ASR. We illustrate this relation by presenting a new computational model of human spoken-word recognition, built using techniques from the field of ASR that, in contrast to current existing models of HSR, recognizes words from real speech input. (shrink)No categories
- Autonomous processes in comprehension: A reply to Marslen-Wilson and Tyler.Dennis Norris -1982 -Cognition 11 (1):97-101.No categories
- Characters of defect clusters in irradiated metals.D. I. R. Norris -1969 -Philosophical Magazine 19 (159):527-532.No categories
- Putting it all together: A unified account of word recognition and reaction-time distributions.Dennis Norris -2009 -Psychological Review 116 (1):207-219.No categories
- How Should a Speech Recognizer Work?Odette Scharenborg,Dennis Norris,Louis ten Bosch &James M. McQueen -2005 -Cognitive Science 29 (6):867-918.Although researchers studying human speech recognition (HSR) and automatic speech recognition (ASR) share a common interest in how information processing systems (human or machine) recognize spoken language, there is little communication between the two disciplines. We suggest that this lack of communication follows largely from the fact that research in these related fields has focused on the mechanics of how speech can be recognized. In Marr's (1982) terms, emphasis has been on the algorithmic and implementational levels rather than on the (...) computational level. In this article, we provide a computational‐level analysis of the task of speech recognition, which reveals the close parallels between research concerned with HSR and ASR. We illustrate this relation by presenting a new computational model of human spoken‐word recognition, built using techniques from the field of ASR that, in contrast to current existing models of HSR, recognizes words from real speech input. (shrink)No categories
- Dislocation loop growth in an electron irradiated thin foil.D. I. R. Norris -1970 -Philosophical Magazine 22 (180):1273-1278.
- Towards emergent ethical action and the culture of engineering.Gloria Hauser-Kastenberg,William E. Kastenberg &David Norris -2003 -Science and Engineering Ethics 9 (3):377-387.With the advent of the newest technologies, it is necessary for engineering to incorporate the integration of social responsibility and technical integrity. A possible approach to accomplishing this integration is by expanding the culture of the engineering profession so that it is more congruent with the complex nature of the technologies that are now being developed. Furthermore, in order to achieve this expansion, a shift in thinking is required from a linear or reductionist paradigm (atomistic, deterministic and dualistic) to a (...) nonlinear paradigm (holistic, chaotic and subjective). Three aspects of such a nonlinear paradigm (holism, transparency and responsiveness) enable an engineer to shift from “applying ethics” to “being ethical”. This culture change can be a basis for developing new curricula to satisfy the ABET-2000 requirements as well as for the practice of engineering in the 21st Century. (shrink)
- Merleau-Ponty on Human Motility and Libet’s Paradox.T. Brian Mooney &Damien Norris -2007 -Indo-Pacific Journal of Phenomenology 7 (1):1-9.In 1979, neuroscientists Libet, Wright, Feinstein and Pearl introduced the “delay-and-antedating” hypothesis/paradox based on the results of an on-going series of experiments dating back to 1964 that measured the neural adequacy [brain wave activity] of “conscious sensory experience”. What is fascinating about the results of this experiment is the implication, especially when considered in the light of Merleau-Ponty’s notions of “intentionality” and the “pre-reflective life of human motility”, that the body, and hence not solely the mind, is a thinking thing. (...) The experiments and conclusions of Libet et al. have attracted considerable academic attention and have been used in the development of psychological theories on automotivism and the adaptive unconscious. Moreover, they have engendered a series of important considerations in respect of the question of free will. This paper outlines the connections between the findings of Libet et al. and Merleau-Ponty’s ontology as presented in the Phenomenology of Perception. It is not our intention to argue that the former amounts to new wine in old bottles, but rather to show counterfactually that Merleau-Ponty’s ontology provides a theoretical framework which explains the experimental data obtained by Libet et al., and provides further speculative confirmation of the work stemming from neuro-physical research and emerging theories on the adaptive unconscious. (shrink)
- The growth of voids in nickel in a high-voltage electron microscope.D. I. R. Norris -1971 -Philosophical Magazine 23 (181):135-152.
- Sharpening ockham's razor.Anne Cutler &Dennis Norris -1999 -Behavioral and Brain Sciences 22 (1):40-41.Language production and comprehension are intimately interrelated; and models of production and comprehension should, we argue, be constrained by common architectural guidelines. Levelt et al.'s target article adopts as guiding principle Ockham's razor: the best model of production is the simplest one. We recommend adoption of the same principle in comprehension, with consequent simplification of some well-known types of models.
- Why might there be lexical-prelexical feedback in speech recognition?Dennis Norris &James M. McQueen -2025 -Cognition 255 (C):106025.
- Merleau-Ponty on Human Motility.Damian Norris &T. Brian Mooney -2007 -The Proceedings of the Twenty-First World Congress of Philosophy 12:93-104.This paper argues that human motility is essentially bound up in a pre-reflective being-in-the-world, and that contemporary science seems to bear out some of Merleau-Ponty's phenomenological explorations in this area.
- Thanks to our guest reviewers.J. Alegria,V. Girotto,S. Nicholson,N. Alvarado,R. Gordon,R. Nisbett,M. Ashcraft,V. Goswami,D. Norris &T. Au -1995 -Cognition 55:333.No categories
- Bottoms up! How top-down pitfalls ensnare speech perception researchers, too.Anne Cutler &Dennis Norris -2016 -Behavioral and Brain Sciences 39.No categories
- Invisible is Better: Decrease of Subliminal Priming With Increasing Visibility.Doris Eckstein,Dennis Norris,Matthew Davis &Richard Henson -2009 -PSYCHE: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Research On Consciousness 15 (2).Comparisons of indirect measures with direct measures can help elucidate the relationship between nonconscious and conscious perception. We report three experiments on masked word priming in which we observed a negative correlation between prime discriminability and priming , i.e. where priming decreased with increasing prime visibility. While such observations are rare , they may indicate a conflict between conscious and nonconscious processing when primes are shown close to the subjective visibility threshold for the priming-relevant information. For instance, such a conflict (...) could occur between nonconscious processing of a prime’s meaning and conscious perception of prime letters. Theoretical accounts that discuss similar conflicts assume that the conflict is resolved either by automatically prioritising conscious processes or by discounting the estimated confusion caused by a prime-target pair . In both cases, priming is predicted to decrease when prime visibility increases from below threshold to perithreshold levels. Therefore, we suggest that negative priming-d’ relationships are most likely observed when the d’ measure assesses prime visibility at a level of representation that is below the level of representation at which priming arises, in terms of a putative hierarchy of word processing. (shrink)
- Business Data Ethics: Emerging Models for Governing AI and Advanced Analytics.Dennis Hirsch,Timothy Bartley,Aravind Chandrasekaran,Davon Norris,Srinivasan Parthasarathy &Piers Norris Turner -2023 - Springer.This open access book explains how leading business organizations attempt to achieve the responsible and ethical use of artificial intelligence (AI) and other advanced information technologies. These technologies can produce tremendous insights and benefits. But they can also invade privacy, perpetuate bias, and otherwise injure people and society. To use these technologies successfully, organizations need to implement them responsibly and ethically. The question is: how to do this? Data ethics management, and this book, provide some answers. -/- The authors interviewed (...) and surveyed data ethics managers at leading companies. They asked why these experts see data ethics as important and how they seek to achieve it. This book conveys the results of that research on a concise, accessible way. -/- Much of the existing writing on data and AI ethics focuses either on macro-level ethical principles, or on micro-level product design and tooling. The interviews showed that companies need a third component: data ethics management. This third element consists of the management structures, processes, training and substantive benchmarks that companies use to operationalize their high-level ethical principles and to guide and hold accountable their developers. Data ethics management is the connective tissue makes ethical principles real. It is the focus of this book. -/- This book should be of use to organizations that wish to improve their own data ethics management efforts, legislators and policymakers who hope to build on existing management practices, scholars who study beyond compliance business behavior, and members of the public who want to understand better the threats that AI poses and how to reduce them. (shrink)No categories
- No Negative Priming Effect in the Manual Stroop Task.Luke Mills,Sachiko Kinoshita &Dennis Norris -2019 -Frontiers in Psychology 10.
- Merleau-Ponty on Embodiment.T. Brian Mooney &Damien Norris -unknown
- An introduction to industrial psychology.D. C. Norris -1943 -The Eugenics Review 35 (3-4):87.No categories
- Breaking the left–right axis: do nodal parcels pass a signal to the left?Dominic Norris -2005 -Bioessays 27 (10):991-994.
- Depth distributions of vacancy clusters in ion bombarded gold and nickel.D. I. R. Norris -1969 -Philosophical Magazine 19 (160):653-662.No categories
- Feedback on feedback on feedback: It's feedforward.Dennis Norris,James M. McQueen &Anne Cutler -2000 -Behavioral and Brain Sciences 23 (3):352-363.The central thesis of our target article is that feedback is never necessary in spoken word recognition. In this response we begin by clarifying some terminological issues that have led to a number of misunderstandings. We provide some new arguments that the feedforward model Merge is indeed more parsimonious than the interactive alternatives, and that it provides a more convincing account of the data than alternative models. Finally, we extend the arguments to deal with new issues raised by the commentators (...) such as infant speech perception and neural architecture. (shrink)
- Issues in the Conservation of Photographs.Debra Hess Norris &Jennifer Jae Gutierrez (eds.) -2010 - Getty Conservation Institute."In seventy-two essential texts from the nineteenth century to the present day, this anthology collects key writings that have influenced both the philosophical and the practical aspects of conserving photographs"--P. [4] of cover.
- Orthographic processing is universal; it's what you do with it that's different.Dennis Norris &Sachiko Kinoshita -2012 -Behavioral and Brain Sciences 35 (5):296-297.We agree with Frost that the variety of orthographies in the world's languages complicates the task of Frost suggests that orthographic processing must therefore differ between orthographies. We suggest that the same basic orthographic processes are applied to all languages. Where languages differ is in what the reader must do with the results of orthographic processing.
- So the “strong” theory loses. But are there any winners?Dennis Norris -1985 -Behavioral and Brain Sciences 8 (4):718-719.
- The illusion of mechanism: Mechanistic fundamentalism or enlightenment?Dennis Norris -2011 -Behavioral and Brain Sciences 34 (4):208-209.Rather than worrying about Bayesian Fundamentalists, I suggest that our real concern should be with Mechanistic Fundamentalists; that is, those who believe that concrete, but frequently untestable mechanisms, should be at the heart of all cognitive theories.
- Retail store managers' and students' perceptions of ethical retail practices: A comparative and longitudinal analysis (1976–1986). [REVIEW]Donald G. Norris &John B. Gifford -1988 -Journal of Business Ethics 7 (7):515 - 524.Considerable attention is currently being directed to ethics in business, government and academia in both the professional and popular media. Most of these studies propound that ethics have eroded over time, resulting in their current low state. However, few, if any, of these articles provide comparative or longitudinal data to support their arguments. In this investigation, both comparative and longitudinal data were collected between 1976 and 1986 from retail store managers and retail students concerning their current perceptions of ethical retail (...) practices. The results indicate a significant increase in the ethics of retail store managers, and a significant decrease in the ethics of retail students. (shrink)
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David Bourget (Western Ontario)
David Chalmers (ANU, NYU)
Area Editors:
David Bourget
Gwen Bradford
Berit Brogaard
Margaret Cameron
David Chalmers
James Chase
Rafael De Clercq
Ezio Di Nucci
Esa Diaz-Leon
Barry Hallen
Hans Halvorson
Jonathan Ichikawa
Monte Johnson
Michelle Kosch
Øystein Linnebo
Paul Livingston
Brandon Look
Manolo Martínez
Matthew McGrath
Michiru Nagatsu
Susana Nuccetelli
Giuseppe Primiero
Jack Alan Reynolds
Darrell P. Rowbottom
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