Pathways to Lasting Cross-Sector Social Collaboration: A Configurational Study.ChristianaWeber,Helen Haugh,Markus Göbel &Hannes Leonardy -2022 -Journal of Business Ethics 177 (3):613-639.detailsCross-sector social collaborations are increasingly recognised as valuable inter-organizational arrangements that seek to combine the commercial capabilities of private sector companies with the deep knowledge of social and environmental issues enrooted in social sector organizations. In this paper we empirically examine the configurations of conditions that lead to lasting cross-sector social collaboration. Situating our enquiry in Schütz’s theory of life-worlds and the reciprocity literature, we employ fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis to analyse data gathered from 60 partners in 30 cross-sector social (...) collaborations. We find two distinct types of configurational pathways leading to lasting cross-sector social collaboration which we label reciprocal economic exchange based on direct reciprocity, and reciprocal social exchange based on generalised reciprocity. The pathways vary in terms of the delivery of expected and unexpected resources and benefits. We introduce the concept of double relationality to explain the interdependence of structure and action in lasting cross sector social collaboration. (shrink)
You Scratch My Back and I Scratch Yours: Investigating Inter-Partner Legitimacy in Relationships Between Social Enterprises and Their Key Partners.Markus Göbel,ChristianaWeber &Kathrin Weidner -2019 -Business and Society 58 (3):493-532.detailsSocial enterprises, like almost all organizations, continuously strive for external legitimacy. To be perceived as externally legitimated by society, social enterprises often engage in strategic partnerships. However, scholars have only recently turned their attention to the legitimating function of such partnerships. The purpose of this article is to address the hitherto neglected construct of inter-partner legitimacy. Drawing on institutional theory, we hypothesize that such inter-partner legitimacy affects the resource transfer among partners, which will, in turn, be recognized by society and (...) will subsequently affect each partner’s external legitimacy. Dyadic data of 121 strategic partnerships between social enterprises and their key partners confirm our hypotheses. We add to institutional theory by integrating the often ignored dimension of inter-partner legitimacy into our analysis and demonstrate its relevance to each partner’s external legitimacy and to resource transfer. Further contributions to the literature on institutional theory, legitimacy, social entrepreneurship, and inter-organizational relationships are identified. (shrink)
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Indeterminism in neurobiology.MarcelWeber -2005 -Philosophy of Science 72 (5):663-674.detailsI examine different arguments that could be used to establish indeterminism of neurological processes. Even though scenarios where single events at the molecular level make the difference in the outcome of such processes are realistic, this falls short of establishing indeterminism, because it is not clear that these molecular events are subject to quantum mechanical uncertainty. Furthermore, attempts to argue for indeterminism autonomously (i.e., independently of quantum mechanics) fail, because both deterministic and indeterministic models can account for the empirically observed (...) behavior of ion channels. (shrink)
Industry Social Analysis.Jennifer J. Griffin &JamesWeber -2006 -Business and Society 45 (4):413-440.detailsScholars and practitioners have wondered and debated over the participation of business organizations in the corporate social environment as well as argued over the successes or limitations of such participation. The authors examined six firms' corporate social responsibility activities within the beer industry in an effort to identify and compare these firms' stakeholder relations. The results have implications in our understanding and assessment of corporate social responsibility practices both within and across business industry groups.
Imagination and Experience: Philosophical Explorations.Íngrid Vendrell Ferran &Christiana Werner (eds.) -2024 - New York, NY: Routledge.detailsThis volume brings together two philosophical research areas that have been subject to increased attention: work regarding the unique character of having an experience and studies on the nature and powers of imagination. -/- The importance of imagination seems to stand in tension with the assumed unique and irreplaceable role of experience in our lives. However, new arguments in various philosophical debates suggest there is a need to examine how both areas of research interrelate and can enrich one another. The (...) chapters in this volume examine whether the traditional accounts of experience and imagination need to be challenged. They are divided into thematic sections that discuss epistemological, ontological, normative, phenomenological, and intersubjective questions related to experience and imagination. (shrink)
To Help or Not to Help? Prosocial Behavior, Its Association With Well-Being, and Predictors of Prosocial Behavior During the Coronavirus Disease Pandemic.Elisa Haller,Jelena Lubenko,Giovambattista Presti,Valeria Squatrito,Marios Constantinou,Christiana Nicolaou,Savvas Papacostas,Gökçen Aydın,Yuen Yu Chong,Wai Tong Chien,Ho Yu Cheng,Francisco J. Ruiz,María B. García-Martín,Diana P. Obando-Posada,Miguel A. Segura-Vargas,Vasilis S. Vasiliou,Louise McHugh,Stefan Höfer,Adriana Baban,David Dias Neto,Ana Nunes da Silva,Jean-Louis Monestès,Javier Alvarez-Galvez,Marisa Paez-Blarrina,Francisco Montesinos,Sonsoles Valdivia-Salas,Dorottya Ori,Bartosz Kleszcz,Raimo Lappalainen,Iva Ivanović,David Gosar,Frederick Dionne,Rhonda M. Merwin,Maria Karekla,Angelos P. Kassianos &Andrew T. Gloster -2022 -Frontiers in Psychology 12.detailsThe coronavirus disease pandemic fundamentally disrupted humans’ social life and behavior. Public health measures may have inadvertently impacted how people care for each other. This study investigated prosocial behavior, its association well-being, and predictors of prosocial behavior during the first COVID-19 pandemic lockdown and sought to understand whether region-specific differences exist. Participants from eight regions clustering multiple countries around the world responded to a cross-sectional online-survey investigating the psychological consequences of the first upsurge of lockdowns in spring 2020. Prosocial behavior (...) was reported to occur frequently. Multiple regression analyses showed that prosocial behavior was associated with better well-being consistently across regions. With regard to predictors of prosocial behavior, high levels of perceived social support were most strongly associated with prosocial behavior, followed by high levels of perceived stress, positive affect and psychological flexibility. Sociodemographic and psychosocial predictors of prosocial behavior were similar across regions. (shrink)
Psychometric properties of the Greek version of Jacelon Attributed Dignity Scale.Evridiki Papastavrou,Paraskevi Charitou &Christiana Kouta -2017 -Nursing Ethics 24 (5):612-625.detailsBackground: Maintaining dignity is important for successful aging, but there is lack of validated research instruments in the nursing literature to investigate dignity as perceived by the old people. Objective: This is a methodological study aiming to investigate the psychometric properties of the Greek version of Jacelon Attributed Dignity Scale as translated in the Greek language. Research design: A methodological approach consisting of translation, adaptation, and cross-cultural validation. A sample of 188 Greek-speaking old Cypriot persons drawn from the Hospital outpatient (...) departments was asked to complete the Greek versions of Jacelon Attributed Dignity Scale and the Instrumental Activities of Daily Living. Data analyses included internal consistency reliability (Cronbach’s alpha coefficient), item analysis, and exploratory factor analysis using principal component method with orthogonal varimax rotation. Ethical considerations: The study protocol was approved by the National Bioethics committee according to the national legislation. Permission to use the research instrument was granted from the author. Information about the aim and the benefits of the study was included in the information letter. Findings: Cronbach’s alpha for Greek version of Jacelon Attributed Dignity Scale was 0.90. Four factors emerged explaining 65.28% of the total variance, and item to total correlation values ranged from 0.25 to 0.74 indicating high internal consistency and homogeneity. Mean item score in Instrumental Activities of Daily Living was 5.6 (standard deviation = 1.7) for men and 6.7 (standard deviation = 1.7) for women, and the correlations between demographics, Instrumental Activities of Daily Living, and the four factors of the Greek version of Jacelon Attributed Dignity Scale were low; also in multiple linear regression, the values of R2 are presented low. Discussion: Demographic characteristics and degree of functionality seem to be associated with some of the dimensions of dignity but with low correlations; therefore, they cannot predict attributed dignity. Conclusion: The Greek version of Jacelon Attributed Dignity Scale is a valid and reliable tool to measure attributed dignity in Greek-speaking older adults, but further testing of the psychometric properties and other potential factors that may affect the attributed dignity is needed. (shrink)
Academic Confidence Mediates the Link Between Psychopathy and Academic Dishonesty.Innocent Ikechukwu Enweh,Maria ChidiChristiana Onyedibe &Desmond Uchechukwu Onu -2022 -Journal of Academic Ethics 20 (4):521-531.detailsAcademic dishonesty (AD) is a threat to quality education, ethics of professional practices and career outcomes. Psychopathy is connected to AD. This study investigated whether academic confidence (AC) mediates the relationship between psychopathy and AD. University students (N = 335, mean age = 18.38 years) completed measures of relevant variables, in addition to providing demographic details. Results of statistical analysis showed that AC mediated the association between primary psychopathy and AD. Considering the extent of students' belief, trust and expectation that (...) they can execute their academic tasks by themselves could be important target in enhancing ethical behaviors among students. (shrink)
Cognition as expression.AndreasWeber -2001 -Sign Systems Studies 29 (1):153-167.detailsThis paper attempts to put forward an aesthetic theory of nature based on a biosemiotic description of the living, which in turn is derived from an autopoietic theory of organism (p. Varela). An autopoietic system's reaction to material constraints is the unfolding of a dimension of meaning. In the outward Gestalt of autopoietic systems, meaning appears as fonn, and as such it reveals itself in a sensually graspable manner. The mode of being of organisms has an irreducible aesthetic side in (...) which this mode of being becomes visible. Nature thus displays a kind of transparency of its own functioning: in a nondiscursive way organisms show traces of their conditio vitae through their material self-presentation. Living beings hence always show a basic level of expressiveness as a necessary component of their organic mode of being. This is called the ecstatic dimension of nature (G. Böhme, R. Corrington). Autopoiesis in its full consequence then amounts to a view reminding of Paracelsus' idea of the signatura rerum (c. Glacken, H. Böhme): nature is transparent, not because it is organized digitally as a linguistic text or code, but rather because it displays analogically the kind of intentionality engendered by autopoiesis. Nature as a whole, as «living fonn" (S. Langer), is a symbol for organic intentionality. The most fundamental meaning of nature protection thus is to guarantee the «real presence" of our soul. (shrink)
Assessing Gender-Influenced Group Decision-Making in a Course Simulation.JamesWeber &Leandra I. Díaz -2021 -Journal of Business Ethics Education 18:119-142.detailsThe business ethics education literature provides many in-depth explorations looking at the impact of ethics education and occasionally the influence of gender. Yet, research exploring decision making is primarily focused at the individual level, often omitting important influences that might occur when decision making occurs within a group setting. This paper utilizes a classroom simulation, the Corporate Policy Simulation, in a Business, Government and Society course to assess student group decision-making. We rely on theoretical principles found in Social Role Theory (...) and two philosophical ethics of moral reasoning to assess the impact of gender within a group decision-making environment. Specifically, we assess if males in our study are better able to process financial decisions more effectively than females in our study, and if females in our study tend to process socially responsible or ethical decisions more effectively than males in our study. Our results support the expectations that all-female groups generally are able to make better socially responsible or ethical decisions, whereas there is no significant gender difference among any of the groups when focusing on financially orientated decisions. Possible explanations and the implications of this research on workplace practice and business ethics education are discussed. (shrink)
A ideia de um "mínimo existencial" de J. Rawls.ThadeuWeber -2013 -Kriterion: Journal of Philosophy 54 (127):197-210.detailsO texto apresenta a ideia de um mínimo existencial como condição de possibilidade para a realização dos direitos e liberdades fundamentais incluídos no primeiro princípio de justiça de Rawls. Mostra, no entanto, a sua insuficiência para o exercício pleno da cidadania. Daí decorre a necessidade de ampliação da noção de "mínimo social" (mínimo existencial) para a ideia de "bens primários", considerando a concepção política de justiça. The text presents the idea of an existential minimum as a condition of possibility for (...) the realization of the basic rights and liberties included in the first principle of justice of Rawls. It shows, however, to be insufficient for the full exercise of citizenship. Hence the need to expand the notion of "social minimum" (existential minimum) to the idea of "primary goods", considering the political conception of justice. (shrink)
Are there ontological explanations?ErikWeber -2006 -Poznan Studies in the Philosophy of the Sciences and the Humanities 91 (1):277-283.detailsThere is a huge philosophical literature on scientific explanation, and no one seriously denies that the sciences explain in one way or another. But what about ontology? I will argue that ontological laws and ontological theories can explain. And I will point at the differences between ontological explanations and their scientific counterparts.
Berechenbare Gefühle? Grundlegendes zu einer Ethik der digitalen Emotionserfassung.EvaWeber-Guskar -2023 - In Gottfried Schweiger & Michael Zichy,Zwischenmenschliche Beziehungen im Zeitalter des Digitalen: Ethische und interdisziplinäre Perspektiven. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. pp. 2147483647-2147483647.detailsFür die Gestaltung zwischenmenschlicher Beziehungen im Zeitalter des Digitalen ist eine vergleichsweise junge Subdisziplin der Informatik-Forschung besonders zentral: Affective bzw. Emotion Computing. Dazu werden Techniken gezählt, die es erlauben, Emotionen, Affekte oder verwandte menschliche Zustände zu erfassen, gezielt auszulösen, zu simulieren und/oder auf sie sinnvoll zu reagieren. Emotion Computing steht an einer Schnittstelle zwischen Informatik, Ingenieurwissenschaft und Theorien der Gefühle, wie es sie traditionell vor allem in der Psychologie und Philosophie gibt (aber auch in der Soziologie und weiteren Geistes- und (...) Sozialwissenschaften). Besonders fortgeschritten sind Technik und Anwendungen mit der ersten Funktion: die des Erfassens von Gefühlen, insbesondere ausgehend von der menschlichen Mimik. In diesem Beitrag werden die Grundlagen dieses spezifischen Verfahrens kritisch untersucht, um eine ethische Analyse vorzubereiten. Dazu gehört zum einen eine Klärung der theoretischen Basis der Technik: Was für ein Emotionsverständnis und welche epistemologischen Prämissen sind zentral? Zum anderen ist zu fragen, was mit dem Einsatz der Technik genau erreicht werden soll und welche Leistungen die Systeme dafür genau erbringen müssten. Nach einer kurzen Skizze des Stands der Technik wird bisher geäußerte Kritik aus kulturwissenschaftlicher und psychologischer Perspektive an den Grundlagen der digitalen Gefühlserfassung rekonstruiert und kritisch diskutiert. Abschließend werden Perspektiven für wichtige philosophische und interdisziplinäre Forschung in diesem Feld aufgezeigt. (shrink)
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Camilla Campedelli, L'amministrazione municipale delle strade romane in Italia. 2014.EkkehardWeber -2017 -Klio 99 (1):365-368.detailsName der Zeitschrift: Klio Jahrgang: 99 Heft: 1 Seiten: 365-368.
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Comment construit‐on une explication déductive‐nomologique?ErikWeber -1996 -Dialectica 50 (3):183-204.detailsRésuméComment devons‐nous appliquer notre savoir scientifique pour qu'il contribue à mieux comprendre les phénomènes que nous observons? Le modèle déductif‐nomologique d'explication scientifique, dans lequel Carl Hempel construit le concept d'explication déductive‐nomologique, ne procure pas une réponse complète à cette question. Un des problèmes est que Hempel nous dit ce que nous devons construire quand nous voulons comprendre un phéomène , mais ne nous dit pas comment une explication de ce type est construite. Afin de réoudre ce problème, une méthode pour (...) construire des explications déductives‐nomologiques est développée. (shrink)
Critique jamesienne de l'onto-psychologie de la substance.MichelWeber -2012 -Revue Internationale de Philosophie 260 (2):207-227.detailsCette étude dégage la critique de James de l’ontologie et de la psychologie de la substance en suivant une double piste : après avoir spécifié le contexte dans lequel se déploie l’argumentation jamesienne, on montre les difficultés qu’affronte la pensée substantialiste et la réponse qu’apporte, parfois implicitement, James. On montre particulièrement la corrélation qui existe entre la pensée du processus et une nouvelle conception de la conscience.
Weber: political writings.MaxWeber -1994 - New York: Cambridge University Press. Edited by Peter Lassman & Ronald Speirs.detailsMaxWeber (1864-1920), generally known as a founder of modern social science, was concerned with political affairs throughout his life. The texts in this edition span his career and include his early inaugural lecture The Nation State and Economic Policy, Suffrage and Democracy in Germany, Parliament and Government in Germany under a New Political Order, Socialism, The Profession and Vocation of Politics, and an excerpt from his essay The Situation of Constitutional Democracy in Russia, as well as other shorter (...) writings. Together they illustrate the development of his thinking on the fate of Germany and the nature of politics in the modern western state in an age of cultural 'disenchantment'. The introduction discusses the central themes ofWeber's political thought, and a chronology, notes and an annotated bibliography place him in his political and intellectual context. (shrink)