Digital Approaches to Music-Making for People With Dementia in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic: Current Practice and Recommendations.Becky Dowson,Rebecca Atkinson,Julie Barnes,Clare Barone,Nick Cutts,Eleanor Donnebaum,Ming Hung Hsu,Irene Lo Coco,Gareth John,Grace Meadows,Angela O'Neill,Douglas Noble,Gabrielle Norman,Farai Pfende,Paul Quinn,Angela Warren,Catherine Watkins &JustineSchneider -2021 -Frontiers in Psychology 12.detailsBefore COVID-19, dementia singing groups and choirs flourished, providing activity, cognitive stimulation, and social support for thousands of people with dementia in the UK. Interactive music provides one of the most effective psychosocial interventions for people with dementia; it can allay agitation and promote wellbeing. Since COVID-19 has halted the delivery of in-person musical activities, it is important for the welfare of people with dementia and their carers to investigate what alternatives to live music making exist, how these alternatives are (...) delivered and how their accessibility can be expanded. This community case study examines recent practice in online music-making in response to COVID-19 restrictions for people with dementia and their supporters, focusing on a UK context. It documents current opportunities for digital music making, and assesses the barriers and facilitators to their delivery and accessibility. Online searches of video streaming sites and social media documented what music activities were available. Expert practitioners and providers collaborated on this study and supplied input about the sessions they had been delivering, the technological challenges and solutions they had found, and the responses of the participants. Recommendations for best practice were developed and refined in consultation with these collaborators. Over 50 examples of online music activities were identified. In addition to the challenges of digital inclusion and accessibility for some older people, delivering live music online has unique challenges due to audio latency and sound quality. It is necessary to adapt the session to the technology's limitations rather than expect to overcome these challenges. The recommendations highlight the importance of accessibility, digital safety and wellbeing of participants. They also suggest ways to optimize the quality of their musical experience. The pandemic has prompted innovative approaches to deliver activities and interventions in a digital format, and people with dementia and their carers have adapted rapidly. While online music is meeting a clear current need for social connection and cognitive stimulation, it also offers some advantages which remain relevant after COVID-19 restrictions are relaxed. The recommendations of this study are intended to be useful to musicians, dementia care practitioners, and researchers during the pandemic and beyond. (shrink)
Enough: The Failure of the Living Will.Angela Fagerlin &Carl E.Schneider -2004 -Hastings Center Report 34 (2):30-42.detailsIn pursuit of the dream that patients' exercise of autonomy could extend beyond their span of competence, living wills have passed from controversy to conventional wisdom, to widely promoted policy. But the policy has not produced results, and should be abandoned.
Why Olympic Athletes Should Avoid the Use and Seek the Elimination of Performance-Enhancing Substances and Practices From the Olympic Games.Angela J.Schneider &Robert R. Butcher -1993 -Journal of the Philosophy of Sport 20 (1):64-81.details(1993). Why Olympic Athletes Should Avoid the Use and Seek the Elimination of Performance-Enhancing Substances and Practices From the Olympic Games. Journal of the Philosophy of Sport: Vol. 20, No. 1, pp. 64-81. doi: 10.1080/00948705.1993.9714504.
Fruits, Apples, and Category Mistakes: On Sport, Games, and Play.Angela J.Schneider -2001 -Journal of the Philosophy of Sport 28 (2):151-159.details(2001). Fruits, Apples, and Category Mistakes: On Sport, Games, and Play. Journal of the Philosophy of Sport: Vol. 28, No. 2, pp. 151-159. doi: 10.1080/00948705.2001.9714610.
Genomic Data-Sharing Practices.Angela G. Villanueva,Robert Cook-Deegan,Jill O. Robinson,Amy L. McGuire &Mary A. Majumder -2019 -Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics 47 (1):31-40.detailsMaking data broadly accessible is essential to creating a medical information commons. Transparency about data-sharing practices can cultivate trust among prospective and existing MIC participants. We present an analysis of 34 initiatives sharing DNA-derived data based on public information. We describe data-sharing practices captured, including practices related to consent, privacy and security, data access, oversight, and participant engagement. Our results reveal that data-sharing initiatives have some distance to go in achieving transparency.
Girls Will Be Girls, in a League of Their Own – The Rules for Women’s Sport as a Protected Category in the Olympic Games and the Question of ‘Doping Down’.AngelaSchneider -2020 -Sport, Ethics and Philosophy 14 (4):478-495.detailsRecent debate by feminist scholars in philosophy of sport has been focused on the status of women’s sport as a protected category. Positions have varied significantly, from no need for a protected category anymore—to allow women’s sport to flourish and to give them a fair opportunity, given that men’s sport still dominates, just as it has in the past.It will be argued that: i) the concept of a ‘protected category’ is tied logically to the concept of fair play and has (...) been defined and enforced through the rules in sport and generally requires some kind of certification for inclusion. These specific rules will be analyzed in detail. Having separate women’s events means that logically it must be possible to exclude, and exclusion is not a popular stance as many have argued that the onus is on inclusion from a human rights perspective. Thus, sport policy makers are truly in an intractable position. On the one hand, no qualifying athlete should have to ‘dope down’ (or ‘dope up’) to compete in the Olympic Games. On the other hand, women athletes have argued that sex equality in competitive sport is a legitimate goal and that separating athletes in competition by biological sex traits is the only way to achieve this goal. It seems criminal to ask athletes to ‘dope down’ to be able to compete in the Olympic Games, however, although a new auxiliary rule creating new sub-classification of women athletes with testosterone higher than the stipulated cut off seems logical on the face of it, these cases are statistically rare. It is concluded that the community of women athletes should have the most significant voice, as historically, the criteria for the women’s sport-protected category have been predominantly determined by men. That is not to say that men’s voices, or voices outside of the women’s sports community of practitioners, cannot be heard, but they should not be the deciding factor. (shrink)
Women in Sport.AngelaSchneider -2020 -Sport, Ethics and Philosophy 14 (4):415-418.detailsThe topic of Women’s sport has engendered increasing scholarship across differing disciplines in recent years; however, in the philosophy of sport literature, it has not been as abundant as it migh...
Revisiting the Base in Evidence-Based Policy.Mike D.Schneider,Helena Slanickova,Hannah Rubin,Remco Heesen,Anne Schwenkenbecher,Emelda E. Chukwu,Chad L. Hewitt,Ricardo Kaufer,Evangelina Schwindt,Temitope O. Sogbanmu,Katie Woolaston &Li-an Yu -2025 -Political Studies.detailsEvidence-based policy (EBP) has become widely embraced for its commitment to greater uptake of scientific knowledge in policymaking. But what legitimizes EBP and in what respect are evidence-based policymaking practices better than other policymaking practices? In this article, we distinguish and refine three potential legitimizers of EBP. We suggest that evidence-based policymaking practices are better because they “follow the science,” because they focus on “what works,” or because they “follow the rules.” We discuss some consequences, for advocates of EBP, of (...) consciously adopting one or other of these legitimizers. Finally, we examine whether it is appropriate to switch from advocating for EBP to advocating for evidence-informed policy. (shrink)
A Critical Review of R. L. Simon’s Contribution to the Doping in Sport Literature.Angela J.Schneider -2016 -Journal of the Philosophy of Sport 43 (1):115-128.detailsIn the following article, it will be argued that there are at least four clusters of arguments generally proposed to justify banning doping in sport and that Simon’s contribution has been of a seminal nature to at least two of the clusters.
Reverse-Engineering Risk.Angela O’Sullivan &Lilith Mace -forthcoming -Erkenntnis:1-26.detailsThree philosophical accounts of risk dominate the contemporary literature. On the probabilistic account, risk has to do with the probability of a disvaluable event obtaining; on the modal account, it has to do with the modal closeness of that event obtaining; on the normic account, it has to do with the normalcy of that event obtaining. The debate between these accounts has proceeded via counterexample-trading, with each account having some cases it explains better than others, and some cases that it (...) cannot explain at all. In this article, we attempt to break the impasse between the three accounts of risk through a shift in methodology. We investigate the concept of risk via the method of conceptual reverse-engineering, whereby a theorist reconstructs the need that a concept serves for a group of agents in order to illuminate the shape of the concept: its intension and extension. We suggest that risk functions to meet our need to make decisions that reduce disvalue under conditions of uncertainty. Our project makes plausible that risk is a pluralist concept: meeting this need requires that risk takes different forms in different contexts. But our pluralism is principled: each of these different forms are part of one and the same concept, that has a ‘core-to-periphery’ structure, where the form the concept takes in typical cases (at its ‘core’) explains the form it takes in less typical cases (at its ‘periphery’). We then apply our findings to epistemic risk, to resolve an ambiguity in how ‘epistemic risk’ is standardly understood. (shrink)
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A model of faulty and faultless disagreement for post-hoc assessments of knowledge utilization in evidence-based policymaking.Remco Heesen,Hannah Rubin,Mike D.Schneider,Katie Woolaston,Alejandro Bortolus,Emelda E. Chukwu,Ricardo Kaufer,Veli Mitova,Anne Schwenkenbecher,Evangelina Schwindt,Helena Slanickova,Temitope O. Sogbanmu &Chad L. Hewitt -2024 -Scientific Reports 14:18495.detailsWhen evidence-based policymaking is so often mired in disagreement and controversy, how can we know if the process is meeting its stated goals? We develop a novel mathematical model to study disagreements about adequate knowledge utilization, like those regarding wild horse culling, shark drumlines and facemask policies during pandemics. We find that, when stakeholders disagree, it is frequently impossible to tell whether any party is at fault. We demonstrate the need for a distinctive kind of transparency in evidence-based policymaking, which (...) we call transparency of reasoning. Such transparency is critical to the success of the evidence-based policy movement, as without it, we will be unable to tell whether in any instance a policy was in fact based on evidence. (shrink)
New mothers' awareness of newborn screening, and their attitudes to the retention and use of screening samples for research purposes.Angela Davey,Davina French,Hugh Dawkins &Peter O'Leary -2005 -Genomics, Society and Policy 1 (3):1-11.detailsAimTo explore new mothers' knowledge of newborn screening, and their attitudes towards issues surrounding sample retention and the potential for blood screening samples to be used for research.MethodsA self-administered mail survey was sent to women who gave birth in Perth, Western Australia during January 2005. A total of 600 women completed the survey.ResultsIt was found that women were aware of newborn screening, however desired further information in order to acquire a more comprehensive knowledge of the test. Further, women reported discomfort (...) with the long-term storage of cards, but they were supportive of using blood samples for medical research, contingent upon the samples being de-identified and parental consent provided.ConclusionsNew mothers need to be provided with comprehensive information about the newborn screening test at a time which is conducive for the assimilation of this information. In addition, whilst supporting health related research using newborn screening samples, new mothers are keen for ethical issues to be sufficiently addressed prior to samples being systematically stored for extended periods of time. (shrink)
Husserl and Heidegger: an Essay on the Question of Intentionality.Robert O.Schneider -1977 -Philosophy Today 21 (4):368-375.detailsThis article explores the husserlian and heideggerian positions on intentional analysis in an attempt to understand the implications of each. Husserl, For whom intentionality is one and the same with consciousness, Brackets all worldly phenomena. However, Transcendental ego ("cogito-Sum" intention) is somewhat inadequate as proof that a thinking being must exist. Heidegger, Like husserl, Accentuates intentionality, But extends it beyond cognition. Intention is pre-Cognitive. Heidegger, Whose ontological analysis enables being to manifest itself in actual existence, Thus considers beings as they (...) actually do exist to be of primary importance. (shrink)
Communication of genetic information within families: The case for familial comity. [REVIEW]Angela Davey,Ainsley Newson &Peter O’Leary -2006 -Journal of Bioethical Inquiry 3 (3):161-166.detailsAdvances in genetic technologies raise a multitude of ethical issues, some of which give rise to novel dilemmas for medical practice. One of the most controversial problems arising in clinical genetics is that of confidentiality and who may disclose genetic health information. This paper considers the question of when it is appropriate for health professionals to disclose clinically significant genetic information without patient consent. Existing ethical principles offer little guidance in relation to this issue. We build on suggestions that genetic (...) information may be viewed as collective or shared information, and we introduce the concept of ‘familial comity’ as a fresh way to consider the issues. (shrink)
Epistemic fictionalism.Angela O’Sullivan -unknowndetailsThis thesis develops and defends epistemic fictionalism, according to which knowledge talk is metaphorical. One of the distinctive features of metaphor is that metaphorical sentences have multiple readings: a literal (or ‘face-value’) reading and at least one metaphorical (or ‘non-face-value’) reading. Typically, speakers who utter metaphorical sentences intend to communicate a content that corresponds to the metaphorical meaning. Epistemic fictionalism posits that, as is standard for metaphors, sentences of the form “S knows that P” admit of at least two different (...) readings: a face-value (literal) reading, and a different non-face-value metaphorical reading. A face-value reading of sentences of the form “S knows that P” is that S is infallible with regards to P, and as such are always (or almost always) false at face-value. However, such sentences are not typically used to communicate their typically false face-value content, but some other, typically true metaphorical content. The thesis applies the methods of function-first epistemology (Craig 1990, Hannon 2019a), taking as a starting point the question of what knowledge talk is used for. I argue that understanding knowledge talk as metaphorical coheres with the function that knowledge talk plays, in spite of all (or most) knowledge attributions being literally false: there are advantages to communicating the non-face-value, metaphorical content. Another key advantage of epistemic fictionalism is that it explains the intuitions surrounding sceptical arguments. On the one hand, sceptical infallibilism is compelling because it is the correct analysis of the face-value content of knowledge attributions. On the other hand, sceptical infallibilism is not threatening to everyday knowledge attributions because it does not threaten the truth of the metaphorical content that knowledge attributions are typically used to express. Overall, the main aim of the thesis is to motivate epistemic fictionalism as a serious contender worthy of further investigation and development. (shrink)
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Science–policy research collaborations need philosophers.Mike D.Schneider,Temitope O. Sogbanmu,Hannah Rubin,Alejandro Bortolus,Emelda E. Chukwu,Remco Heesen,Chad L. Hewitt,Ricardo Kaufer,Hanna Metzen,Veli Mitova,Anne Schwenkenbecher,Evangelina Schwindt,Helena Slanickova,Katie Woolaston &Li-an Yu -2024 -Nature Human Behaviour 8:1001-1002.detailsWicked problems are tricky to solve because of their many interconnected components and a lack of any single optimal solution. At the science–policy interface, all problems can look wicked: research exposes the complexity that is relevant to designing, executing and implementing policy fit for ambitious human needs. Expertise in philosophical research can help to navigate that complexity.
O cálculo E o risco: Heidegger E Beck.Angela Luzia Miranda -2020 -Kriterion: Journal of Philosophy 61 (145):73-97.detailsRESUMO O propósito deste artigo é aproximar o significado do pensar calculador de Heidegger e a teoria sobre a sociedade do risco de Beck, considerando suas interpelações com o significado da técnica na modernidade. Porém, mais que tratar das aproximações entre ambos os pensadores, este estudo pretende também demonstrar a importância da filosofia da técnica de Heidegger para pensar o sentido do cálculo do risco e do risco do cálculo na sociedade do risco. Assim, argumenta-se que a teoria do risco (...) de Beck confirma e atualiza o pensamento de Heidegger sobre a técnica moderna, quando se observa que o pensar calculador, que dirige e controla o modo de ser na era do técnico, manifesta-se hoje com toda claridade na sociedade do risco global. ABSTRACT The purpose of this paper is to bring the meaning of Heidegger’s calculative thinking and Beck’s risk society theory closer, as well as their interpellations with the meaning of technique in modernity. Nevertheless, more than dealing with the convergences between both thinkers, this study also intends to demonstrate the importance of Heidegger’s technique philosophy in order to investigate the meaning of risk calculation and of calculation risk in risk society. Therefore, it argues that Beck’s risk theory confirms and updates Heidegger’s thinking on modern technique, as one observes that calculative thinking, which directs and controls the way of being in the age of technicality, clearly manifests itself nowadays, in the global risk society. (shrink)
Musical Activity During Life Is Associated With Multi-Domain Cognitive and Brain Benefits in Older Adults.Adriana Böttcher,Alexis Zarucha,Theresa Köbe,Malo Gaubert,Angela Höppner,Slawek Altenstein,Claudia Bartels,Katharina Buerger,Peter Dechent,Laura Dobisch,Michael Ewers,Klaus Fliessbach,Silka Dawn Freiesleben,Ingo Frommann,John Dylan Haynes,Daniel Janowitz,Ingo Kilimann,Luca Kleineidam,Christoph Laske,Franziska Maier,Coraline Metzger,Matthias H. J. Munk,Robert Perneczky,Oliver Peters,Josef Priller,Boris-Stephan Rauchmann,Nina Roy,Klaus Scheffler,AnjaSchneider,Annika Spottke,Stefan J. Teipel,Jens Wiltfang,Steffen Wolfsgruber,Renat Yakupov,Emrah Düzel,Frank Jessen,Sandra Röske,Michael Wagner,Gerd Kempermann &Miranka Wirth -2022 -Frontiers in Psychology 13.detailsRegular musical activity as a complex multimodal lifestyle activity is proposed to be protective against age-related cognitive decline and Alzheimer’s disease. This cross-sectional study investigated the association and interplay between musical instrument playing during life, multi-domain cognitive abilities and brain morphology in older adults from the DZNE-Longitudinal Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Study study. Participants reporting having played a musical instrument across three life periods were compared to controls without a history of musical instrument playing, well-matched for reserve proxies of education, (...) intelligence, socioeconomic status and physical activity. Participants with musical activity outperformed controls in global cognition, working memory, executive functions, language, and visuospatial abilities, with no effects seen for learning and memory. The musically active group had greater gray matter volume in the somatosensory area, but did not differ from controls in higher-order frontal, temporal, or hippocampal volumes. However, the association between gray matter volume in distributed frontal-to-temporal regions and cognitive abilities was enhanced in participants with musical activity compared to controls. We show that playing a musical instrument during life relates to better late-life cognitive abilities and greater brain capacities in OA. Musical activity may serve as a multimodal enrichment strategy that could help preserve cognitive and brain health in late life. Longitudinal and interventional studies are needed to support this notion. (shrink)
Os Paradoxos de Prior e o Cálculo Proposicional Deôntico Relevante Eo.Ângela Maria Paiva Cruz -1996 -Princípios 3 (4):05-18.detailsNormal 0 21 false false false PT-BR X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 Normal 0 21 false false false PT-BR X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 Normative fragment of natural language make up sentences that express acts and describe norms. In this fragment there are criteria of logic thuth and relation of consequence between sentences which constitute a natural deontic logic. This paper adopts at ranslation function from the set of sentences of the normative fragment of natural language in to the set of formulae in the (...) formal language and claims that such function translates logically true sentences of the natural language into provable formulae of the formal calculus. With Von Wright's deontic calculus (1951), it does not fit and generates paradoxes, which are known as Prior's paradoxes. Cruz's paraconsistent deontic propositional calculus, D 1 (1993) avoids some paradoxes, except that generated by the formula OB-O (A- B). One builds a relevant deontic propositional calculus that aims to avoid these paradoxes and keeps intact all other fundamental features of deontic operators, since the formula B - (A - B) is improable in some relavant calculi.  . (shrink)
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