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Business Ethics: A European Review, EarlyView.

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Abstract:Diagnostic classification systems in psychiatry have continued to rely on clinical phenomenology, despite limitations inherent in that approach. In view of these limitations and recent progress in neuroscience, the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) has initiated the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) project to develop a more neuroscientifically based system of characterizing and classifying psychiatric disorders. The RDoC initiative aims to transform psychiatry into an integrative science of psychopathology in which mental illnesses will be defined as involving putative dysfunctions in (...) neural nodes and networks. However, conceptual, methodological, neuroethical, and social issues inherent in and/or derived from the use of RDoC need to be addressed before any attempt is made to implement their use in clinical psychiatry. This article describes current progress in RDoC; defines key technical, neuroethical, and social issues generated by RDoC adoption and use; and posits key questions that must be addressed and resolved if RDoC are to be employed for psychiatric diagnoses and therapeutics. Specifically, we posit that objectivization of complex mental phenomena may raise ethical questions about autonomy, the value of subjective experience, what constitutes normality, what constitutes a disorder, and what represents a treatment, enablement, and/or enhancement. Ethical issues may also arise from the (mis)use of biomarkers and phenotypes in predicting and treating mental disorders, and what such definitions, predictions, and interventions portend for concepts and views of sickness, criminality, professional competency, and social functioning. Given these issues, we offer that a preparatory neuroethical framework is required to define and guide the ways in which RDoC-oriented research can—and arguably should—be utilized in clinical psychiatry, and perhaps more broadly, in the social sphere. (shrink)

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Background Professional misconduct undermines safe and quality care; however, little is known about its nature and influential factors. Aim This study aimed to explain the factors influencing professional misconduct in nurses. Research Design This qualitative study was conducted using the conventional content analysis method. Participants and Research Context Data were collected using semi-structured interviews with 19 nurses working in the hospital selected through a purposeful method and analyzed by Graneheim and Lundman approach. Ethical Considerations The ethics committee of Tehran University (...) of Medical Sciences approved this study with the ethics code IR.TUMS.FNM.REC.1400.187. Informed consent was obtained from all participants. Participants were assured of confidentiality. Findings Factors influencing professional misconduct by nurses were categorized into three main categories: human factors (nurses’ professional characteristics, personal characteristics of nurses and patient/companion, patient’s clinical condition), procedural factors (procedural conditions, possibility of proving misconduct), and organizational factors (recruitment process, conditions of resources, managing misconduct, bureaucracy, and ward characteristics). Conclusion This study assists in explaining the factors influencing professional misconduct by nurses. Therefore this study’s results can help managers and planners develop interventions to prevent and correct factors that contribute to misconduct and strengthen factors that prevent misconduct in order to ensure quality and safe patient care. (shrink)

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Résumé Largement exploitée dans différents domaines d’étude et de pratique en sciences de l’information et de la communication et discutée dans les recherches liées au monde culturel, la notion de médiation n’a pas cessé de s’étendre, malgré la diversité conceptuelle, sur les autres sphères des sciences humaines et sociales. Considéré comme véhicule du processus de la sémiose, cette notion s’interpose au cœur de la réflexion sémiotique comme instance chargée de faire passer le sens. L’espace de la ville, ses composants et (...) les pratiques qui s’y déroulent sont sollicités dans cette étude, comme point d’articulation de notre problématique qui consiste à savoir comment le pont en tant qu’élément architectural dans l’espace d’une ville, par son statut, les pratiques qui s’y passent et les valeurs qu’il porte, pourra fonctionner comme médiateur sémiotique. Nous tenterons de montrer à travers l’étude de notre corpus, le pont Khadjou à Ispahan, ville iranienne, comment ce rôle médiateur s’implante sur le niveau cognitif autant que passionnel des sujets qui le côtoient. (shrink)

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Parti de la discussion de certaines lectures de la révolution syrienne qui la rabaissent à une simple émeute ou l’abordent à travers le prisme du religieux, ce travail montre comment les événements survenus en 2011 dans les différents territoires de ce pays ont eu pour but l’émancipation individuelle et collective, et qu’un tel élan vers la liberté et la dignité ne peut être objectivement décrit qu’à travers la catégorie de la « révolution ». L’article s’attarde sur la vision du politique (...) dans le monde arabe telle qu’elle se reflète dans quelques travaux d’historiens, de sociologues ou de politistes, mais insiste sur l’approche de Michel Seurat qui mobilise des paradigmes comme le clanisme et le confessionnalisme pour approcher la société syrienne, et qui est encore à l’œuvre dans l’analyse de la phase historique que traverse actuellement ce pays. (shrink)

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Introduction: Midwives play an important role in maintaining and increasing women’s health and well-being. Training professional midwives is one of the main policies of any healthcare system. Since the number of complaints against midwives has increased recently, this study was conducted to explore the perspectives of midwives regarding patients’ complaint to authorities and their impacts on the profession of midwifery. Methods: Being conducted in 2013, this qualitative study was the first of its type in Iran. Data were collected through in-depth (...) semi-structured interviews with 14 midwives working in different cities across the country. The participants were selected using a purposive sampling method. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed following a qualitative content analysis approach. Written text was then coded, and themes were extracted from the data. Ethical considerations: The study was conducted with midwives’ free informed consent and was approved by Ethics Committee of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Findings: By analyzing the data, four main themes regarding the impact of complaint on midwifery profession were developed. These included the following: “dissatisfied of midwifery, professional deviation, obsession with work, and weakening of the professional status.” Conclusion: The experience of patients’ complaint to legal authorities against midwives was described, by participants, as a painful experience. Lack of midwives’ knowledge about professional rules and litigation process created many problems for them and could negatively affect their practice and the society’s attitude toward midwifery. Thus, we suggest that in order to prevent such problems, midwives and midwifery students should be educated regarding factors that have the potential to create such problems and also prevention strategies. (shrink)

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While the human agent must have the capacity for reflexivity, intentionality and consciousness, the same agent must also be affected by the social world in which she lives: herein lies the essence of the structure and agency dialectic. This paper argues that while some realists are in principle committed to a dialectical relationship between structure and agency, there is some dissonance between this commitment and the concepts of agency that they develop. I highlight the exclusion of the unconscious and habit (...) from realist notions of agency and argue that this oversight serves to unbalance the dialectic between structure and agency thereby leading to the over-empowerment of agency. The concepts of agency developed by Margaret Archer, Anthony Giddens and Pierre Bourdieu are discussed in this paper. Archer's concept of agency is argued to focus exclusively on reflexivity whilst neglecting to include the unconscious and habit. Giddens is shown to develop a much improved concept of agency, which includes the unconscious, however, his rejection of the independent causal powers of structure and agency problematises his commitment to the dialectic. A much improved approach to theorising agency, developed within a critical realist framework, is offered drawing on Bourdieu's concept of habitus. The paper concludes with a discussion of gender, and considers how the unconscious and habit can help to better understand the myriad ways in which gender functions in society. (shrink)

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Political participation : the debate so far -- A brief history of agency -- Agency : the neglect of the unconscious -- Talking heads? : the internal political conversation -- Exploring internal political conversations -- Rioting : criminal, political or post-political act?

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Publication date: 30 November 2016 Source: Author:Akram Sadat Hosseini, Esmaeil Zohdi Racism is a worldwide matter that is based on the physical characteristics of people's division into different categories on which some people become superior and some inferior. Racism and ethnicity are usually considered as the same concepts while in fact ethnicity is a sub-class of racism. In every nation, there are some ethnic groups with the same origin and similar customs that may or may not be judged (...) equally by the power-handler ethnic groups. An example of such country is Afghanistan which is severely an ethnic country. This study explores the social, cultural, and scientific investigations done on the people's races and ethnical characteristics by using Afghan types as examples. Racism is not the result of scientific observation, but it is due to the human differences that happened between 16th and 19th century when people began differentiating among themselves. This aspect of racism is well expressed by the American sociologist "Feagin". In his view, the natural superiority of some people over others is rejected. The novel The Kite Runner depicts the two major Afghan ethnical populations, Pashtun and Hazara, and their social, cultural, and religious conflicts. Accordingly, this article will try to examine the root of ethnic prejudices and oppression among the Afghan people in the novel and the reasons for their ethnic conducts are explained and analyzed based on the Feagin’s denial of human difference. Moreover, by providing some evidence it is proved that the biological difference is just some excuses for the powerful section to gain their egotistic goals. (shrink)

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The dominant approach to understanding Islamic Business Ethics has been based almost exclusively on either interpretations of the Qur’an and Sunna or influenced by Western understanding of Islam and ethics. However, there is a rich—largely ignored-tradition of ethical analysis conducted by Muslim philosophers which would broaden our understanding of Islamic ethics and hence IBE. We seek to correct this imbalance by examining works of Al-Ghazali, an early Muslim philosopher, scholar, and mystic. His approach to Sufism, combining an interpretation of revelation (...) with reason, can contribute to new developments in business ethics scholarship and practice especially in Muslim communities. His thought portrays a vibrant work ethic that, while based in Sufism, has important practical implications for business. We argue that including such historically and contextually recognized perspectives in our understanding of BE, both in theory and in practice, would work well with an audience that looks to Islam as a source of justice and proper moral conduct. (shrink)

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Résumé Les études déjà menées depuis des années 1970 autour de la sémiotique de l’espace montrent que les fondements méthodologiques et épistémologiques de cette approche se situent bel et bien, dans la lignée de la sémiotique structurale. Pourtant, certains espaces et le sens qui y émerge en acte ne peuvent pas être réduits à un cadre théorique si restreint. Cet article se propose de montrer, à travers l’analyse d’une chambre décrite par Sohrab Sépehri, poète et peintre moderne iranien, comment l’explication (...) de la production du sens dans cet espace échappe aux fondements de l’appareil théorique classique. Notre hypothèse est que cette chambre en tant qu’espace qui ne se veut plus comme un objet-valeur, ni comme un espace opératoire ou manipulateur, prend sens dans un processus interactionnel comme un mouvement tourbillonnaire qui implique le sujet, l’entoure, l’engage et le fait ainsi vivre une expérience vécue. Cet espace éprouvé devient ainsi l’espace existentiel de la présence du monde du poète. Mais selon quelles caractéristiques déterminons-nous le régime d’espace auquel appartient la Chambre bleue de Sépehri? Comment et dans quelle mesure la Chambre qui appelle le poète sans arrêt, contribue à lui former un nouvel être au monde et à le faire avancer dans son itinéraire transcendant? C’est à ces questions que ce texte essaiera de répondre. (shrink)

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Based on readings of the Syrian revolution which undermines as a simple riot or viewed it through the religious prism, this work shows how the 2011 events in the different territories of this country have aimed the individual and collective emancipation, and that such an impulse towards freedom and dignity can be objectively described as through the category of “revolution”. The article focuses on the vision of politics in the Arab world as reflected in some work of historians, sociologists or (...) political scientists, but focuses on the approach of Michel Seurat (specially his book, L’État de barbarie) mobilizing paradigms such as tribalism and sectarianism to approach the Syrian society. This point of view is still at work in the analysis of the historical phase that this country is going through. (shrink)

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On envisage trop fréquemment le conflit syrien à partir des éléments de son histoire très récente. Un retour sur les étapes qui ont précédé l’émergence de l’État-nation syrien permet de mesurer le poids de l’histoire et la complexité du processus de la construction nationale. L’Antiquité, le Moyen-âge, la période omeyyade, celle de l’Empire ottoman, puis la décolonisation et la construction nationale sont autant de strates de l’histoire syrienne qui permettent de comprendre comment s’articulent les identités, les sentiments d’appartenance et la (...) mobilisation des imaginaires constitutifs des différentes idéologies nationales à l’œuvre dans la période contemporaine et jusqu’à ce jour. Le nationalisme, l’islamisme, le panarabisme ont chacun idéalisé un pan du passé de la Syrie mais étaient voués à l’échec, chacun pour des raisons liées à leur propre structure. Ce retour sur quelques jalons de l’histoire syrienne contribue à expliquer l’inachèvement de la construction nationale jusqu’à la crise actuelle. Les fragmentations sociale, économique et politique plongent aujourd’hui la Syrie dans une situation de rupture violente et la mettent au défi de prendre acte de ce qui est mort et que puisse advenir ce qui n’est pas encore né. (shrink)

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The purpose of this study was to examine how ethical approval and competing interests are addressed by medical journals in Iran. In a cross-sectional study, 151 journals accredited by the Publications Commission of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education were reviewed. Data collection was carried out by assessing journal guidelines and conducting structured phone interviews with journal managers, focusing on how ethical considerations and conflicts of interest (COI) are addressed. Overall, 135 of the 151 journals (89.4 percent) examined some (...) aspect of ethical considerations of submitted articles. Authors were required to disclose their financial sponsors by 98 journals (64.9 percent), while COI disclosure was required by 67 journals (44.4 percent). We conclude that the rate of addressing ethical considerations is not far from ideal, but the requirement for COI disclosure needs more attention. (shrink)

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Global social, ecological and economic crises are contributing to the need for meaningfulness in different spheres of life, including work, as an increasing concern to employees. However, the current understanding of meaningfulness is bound by its normativity and thus does not meet the uncertainty present in today’s work. We utilize the Levinasian concept of “the Other” to provide a non-normative conceptualization of meaningfulness in the context of corporate volunteering (CV) and empirically explore work meaningfulness in CV projects in Poland and (...) Finland. We find work meaningfulness to arise from proximity to the Other and the otherness of the Other. Our study contributes to the discussion on meaningful work in the fields of business ethics and management studies through a non-normative reconceptualization of meaningfulness. (shrink)

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There are several models for delivering bad news, the most important and widely used being the SPIKES protocol. Cultural differences in breaking bad news in different societies with different cultures call for special attention. Muslim societies are examples of communities with special cultural and religious requirements. Then, when collecting information about a person's perception of the illness or the incident, consider his or her view of spirituality and the effect of calamities on human transcendence so as to assess the type (...) and amount of information the patient or the family needs. When preparing a suitable setting for delivering bad news, pay attention to the spiritual needs of Muslims such as the possibility of prostration, recitation of Qur'an, and talking to God in private or even aloud. Be aware of, pay attention to, and respect particular religious views of the patient, and if necessary, correctly exploit such views to deliver bad news. Although some Muslim patients may have no demands for transcendence and human growth at the first stage, but over time and after accepting the condition, they will have demands. Therefore, health care providers must provide the necessary facilities for Muslim patients in terms of the required information, setting, and people present in the setting and provide information appropriate to the culture of these patients so as to give an excellent and comprehensive care. (shrink)

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Background When nurses face ethical challenges, they attempt to accept responsibility for their actions and start moral reckoning. Moral reckoning is the personal evaluation of one’s behaviors or others’ behaviors during ethically challenging situations. Research Aim This study aimed at exploring the concept of moral reckoning and its stages among Iranian nurses using Nathaniel’s moral reckoning Theory. Research Design This descriptive qualitative study was conducted in 2022 using directed content analysis. Participants and Research context Eighteen nurses were purposively recruited from (...) three teaching hospitals affiliated to Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran. Data were collected via in-depth semi-structured interviews which lasted 50 minutes on average and were concurrently analyzed via the three-step directed content analysis method proposed by Elo and Kyngas. Ethical considerations This study earned the ethical approval of the Ethics Committee of Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran (code: IR.GOUMS.REC.1400.171). Findings During data analysis, 157 final codes were developed and categorized into 23 subcategories, 10 categories, and four themes. The themes of the study are ease (with the two categories of becoming and interacting), upset (with the two categories of mental upset and behavioral upset), resolution (with the two categories of making a stand and giving up), and reflection (with the four categories of remembering, telling the story, examining conflicts, and living with consequences). Conclusion Ethically challenging situations alter the ease stage of moral reckoning among nurses, cause them mental and behavioral upset, and thereby, require them to make stand or give up. Then, they continuously examine events in their mind and finally, live with the positive and negative consequences of the events. (shrink)

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Schistosomes are intravascular parasitic helminths (blood flukes) that infect more than 200 million people globally. Proteomic analysis of the tegument (skin) of these worms has revealed the surprising presence of glycolytic enzymes on the parasite's external surface. Immunolocalization data as well as enzyme activity displayed by live worms confirm that functional glycolytic enzymes are indeed expressed at the host–parasite interface. Since these enzymes are traditionally considered to function intracellularly to drive glycolysis, in an extracellular location they are hypothesized to engage (...) in novel “moonlighting” functions such as immune modulation and blood clot dissolution that promote parasite survival. For instance, several glycolytic enzymes can interact with plasminogen and promote its activation to the thrombolytic plasmin; some can inhibit complement function; some induce B cell proliferation or macrophage apoptosis. Several pathogenic bacteria and protists also express glycolytic enzymes externally, suggesting that moonlighting functions of extracellular glycolytic enzymes can contribute broadly to pathogen virulence. Also see the video abstract here https://youtu.be/njtWZ2y3k_I. (shrink)

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The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a global crisis that particularly hit employment globally. Due to the economic crisis, many small businesses attempted to minimise their expenses by either closing or downsizing. During such organisational situations, the employees face negative workplace attitudes that lead to knowledge hiding and affect team performance. This study examines negative attitudes and their effect on team performance. Further, this study examines the mediating effect of knowledge hiding and moderating the role of servant leadership. Through a multi-time (...) data collection approach, the authors obtained 363 responses from the education sector in China during the COVID-19 pandemic. PROCESS Hayes model 1 and 4 were used for mediation and moderation analysis. Results show that job insecurity, cynicism, and role stress are significant forces behind knowledge-hiding behaviour. Furthermore, the knowledge hiding behaviour adversely affects task performance. Servant leadership shows a buffering effect on knowledge hiding behaviour caused by negative workplace attitudes. This is one of the first studies in the South Asian environment to examine the association between employees’ negative attitudes and task performance using knowledge hiding as a mediator and servant leadership as a moderator in the COVID-19 scenario. Lastly, the paper concludes with a consideration of its theoretical, practical implication and future direction. (shrink)

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This case study attempts to frame the ethical considerations between hiring a known smoker over a non-smoker in today’s cultural climate. Referenced data from a parallel project gauging the likelihood of Human Resources representatives to hire smokers and accommodate them in the workforce could help manage the response and critical thinking components of the case scenario. Questions also arise as to whether it is advisable for employers to take particular attitudes toward smoking in the workplace. This is not only in (...) the interest of the health of employees, customers and clients, but is also on the basis of a concern that employers may otherwise expose themselves to lawsuits where employees may, on the basis of illness contracted due to a smoking environment supported by an employer, sue for the costs of care and income. (shrink)

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The banking sector is one of the most important economic sectors in all countries. It represents the backbone of economic life, as it acts as a mediator between savers and investors and provides them with many banking services to meet the requirements of the economic process. This study aimed to define the concept of financial services provided by Islamic banks, their characteristics, and their most key features, while addressing the level of quality of banking services and the extent to which (...) they meet the desires of customers. This study was divided into two sections: Section One: The concept, characteristics, and features of banking services. Section Two: Banking services provided by Islamic banks. (shrink)

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Purpose This study aims to investigate the impact of message framing (emotional vs rational) on social media users' ability to accurately detect information and their intention to share messages about the COVID-19 vaccine. Design/methodology/approach Using an experimental design approach, the authors recruited 600 adult participants via a crowdsourcing platform. Participants were randomly assigned to receive emotional or rational messages and their ability to accurately detect information and intention to share messages were assessed. Findings The results showed a significant multivariate effect (...) of message framing on both the detection of accurate information and intention to share (p< 0.001). Participants who received emotional messages demonstrated better performance in the detection and sharing task than those who received rational messages. Gender and age also had significant main effects on the outcomes, with women performing better than men and younger participants performing better than older participants in detecting the accuracy of information. The interaction effects of the independent variables were not statistically significant (p = 0.098). Originality/value The findings highlight the importance of considering emotional factors in combating the spread of messages about the COVID-19 vaccine on social media. Practitioners responsible for social media content should strengthen the content review mechanism, with an emphasis on screening content with high emotional arousal. (shrink)

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Two sample populations, one refugee and one resident, were studied. The frequencies of consanguineous marriages came out to be 49·8% and 55·4%, respectively, for the refugees and the residents. Caste endogamy was dominant both in the residents and the refugees. The mean coefficient of inbreeding was calculated to be 0·0303 for the refugee population and 0·0332 for the resident population samples. First cousin marriage was the dominant type of marriage in both samples; fathers daughter (FBD) marriage was more frequent among (...) the refugees while mothers daughter (MBD) marriage was more frequent among the residents. Education has no decreasing effect on the incidence of consanguineous marriages. A significant difference in the pattern of marriages in the refugees is observed after the Saur Revolution of 1979. (shrink)

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Theologians in some cases use the proof of miracle to prove the existence of God. This paper, surveying the relation of miracles to the proofs of the field, has intended to find the degree of miracle proof’s validity for the existence of God in Islamic and Christian theology. The conclusion would not only lead to the clearness of the real place of the proof and its usage but also help commentators to understand real meaning of the verses in the field. (...) In the paper, the nature of miracle is described in a religious approach at first and then, the usage of the proof of miracle in Muslim and Christian theologians’ works is studied. Finally, the usability of the proof and degree of its validity have been critically studied. (shrink)

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In recent years, network security has become a major concern. Using the Internet to store and analyze data has become an integral aspect of the production and operation of many new and traditional enterprises. However, many enterprises lack the necessary resources to secure information security, and selecting the best network security service provider has become a real issue for many enterprises. This research introduces a novel decision-making method utilizing the 2-tuple linguistic complex q-rung orthopair fuzzy numbers to tackle this issue. (...) We propose the 2TLCq-ROF concept by combining the complex q-rung orthopair fuzzy set with 2-tuple linguistic terms, including the fundamental definition, operational rules, scoring, and accuracy functions. Aggregation operators are the fundamental mathematical approach used to combine various inputs into a single output. Taking into account the interaction between the attributes, we develop the 2TLCq-ROF Hamacher operators by using the innovative operational rules. These operators include the 2TLCq-ROFH weighted average, 2TLCq-ROFH ordered weighted average, 2TLCq-ROFH hybrid average, 2TLCq-ROFH weighted geometric, 2TLCq-ROFH ordered weighted geometric, and 2TLCq-ROFH hybrid geometric operators. In addition, we talk about the properties of 2TLCq-ROFH operators such as idempotency, commutativity, monotonicity, and boundedness and also examine their spatial cases. To tackle the problems of the 2TLCq-ROF multiattribute group decision-making environment, we develop a novel approach according to the COPRAS model. Finally, to validate the feasibility of the given strategy, we employ a quantitative example related to select the best network security service provider. In comparison with existing approaches, the developed decision-making algorithm is most extensively used and reduces the loss of information. (shrink)

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Background: Nursing is a profession that has always been accompanied with common ethical concerns. There are some evidences which indicate that narrative writing on traumatic experiences may improve an individual’s emotional health. Objective: This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of narrative writing on moral distress of nurses working in intensive care unit. Research design: This study was a clinical trial with pre- and post-test design. The frequency and intensity of moral distress was measured by a valid and reliable questionnaire (...) (Corely) at baseline and after 8 weeks. The intervention group was asked to write about their deepest emotions and stressful experiences in the intensive care unit for 8 weeks. Participants and research context: Using consensus sampling, 120 nurses of intensive care unit and neonatal intensive care unit of the teaching hospitals (in Iran) were invited to and were randomly allocated into the intervention and control groups. Ethical considerations: Participation was voluntary, data were anonymized, and the confidentiality of the participating nurses and their institutions maintained. The ethical approval was obtained from an IRB or research ethics committee. Findings: In total, 106 nurses completed the trial consisting of 87.75% females. The mean work experience of nurses in the intervention and control groups was 7.21 ± 4.96 and 8.28 ± 5.45 years, respectively. Independent t-test showed no statistical difference neither in the intensity of moral distress ( P = 0.8), nor in its frequency ( P = 0.5) between the two groups. Discussion: As nurses constantly face ethical tensions, moral distress is a phenomenon that results from the different situations of critical care units. Their concern about receiving negative feedback from the managerial level may have influenced the outcome of the intervention. Conclusion: Narratives writing by the nurses showed no effect on reducing the intensity and frequency of moral distress. It seems that due to the intensity of moral distress in clinical settings, we need to test variety solutions to reduce the problem. (shrink)

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This article examines the risk and return profiles of stock indices composed of companies meeting environmental, social and governance screening criteria [such as the Dow Jones Sustainability Indices ] and conventional composite indices of eight Asian countries from 2002 to 2014. The results indicate that there are no significant differences in the returns or risk-adjusted returns between the ESG indices and the composite indices within countries. The results do reveal that the market volatility of the ESG indices is higher than (...) the market volatility of the conventional indices. Market betas of DJSI and ESG equity indices are significantly lower than betas of the composite equity indices. The overall results indicate that the performance of ESG equity indices of many Asian countries is similar to the performance of conventional indices, suggesting that investors can pursue socially responsible investing objectives without a material difference in portfolio performance from conventional investing. (shrink)

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Climate change has increasingly been recognised and associated with consumer behaviour: Practitioners are developing their strategies to reduce environmental degradation while increasing the management of sustainable consumption; it needs to better understand consumer attitudes and eco-friendly factors about the issue. Therefore, the current study focused to understand the effects of pro-environmental factors on individuals’ environmental attitudes through the lens of theory of planned behaviour in a cross-cultural setting. Moreover, present research focuses on the moderating role that religiosity plays in causal (...) pathways between certain determinants and intentions in this context. A multi-wave time-lagged research design was employed in this study, and university students from two developing countries were surveyed. The findings revealed pronounced similarities between the two examined countries. Overwhelmingly, pro-environmental factors examined were found to be positively related to attitude formation. Further results showed that attitude and subjective norms are significant predictors of the intention to purchase products with recycled packaging. Moreover, with the exception of perceived behavioural control, religiosity moderates the relationships between all the determinants of TPB and intention to purchase recycled packaged products. Present study offers insightful implications to management of these emerging and/or similar cultural markets regarding customer value for green products. Using TPB, present study broadened and deepen extant stream of literature on consumption of recycled packaged products in two highly emerging markets; Pakistan and Malaysia. (shrink)

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In response to its current crisis, scholars call for the revitalisation of democracy through democratic innovations. While they make ample use of life metaphors describing democracy as a living organism, no comprehensive understanding of ‘life’ has been established within democratic theory. The Black Lives Matter (BLM) movement articulates the urgency of refocusing on life and its meaning through radical democratic practice. This article employs a grounded theory approach, enriched with participatory methods, to develop a radical democratic concept of life in (...) conversation with BLM. It conceptualises life as the existence of a perspective that constantly transforms through its fundamental interconnectedness. Building on this concept, the article outlines four principles of a living democracy that go beyond the revitalisation discourse. A living democracy (1) safeguards the existence of all humans and nonhumans, (2) nurtures a diversity of perspectives, (3) fosters social and planetary connectivity, and (4) enables self- and collective transformation. (shrink)

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Vaccines are responsible for many global public health successes, such as the eradication of smallpox and significant reductions in other serious infections like diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, polio and measles. However, mass vaccination has also been the subject of various ethical controversies for decades. Several factors need to be considered before any vaccine is deployed at national programme like the potential burden of disease in the country or region, the duration of the protection conferred, herd immunity in addition to individual protection, (...) vaccine-related risks, financing and the logistical feasibility of the large-scale vaccination. Moreover, several ethical dilemmas revolve around authority and mandates for vaccination, informed consent, benefits vs. risks, and disparities in access to vaccination. This review paper aims to elaborate the ethical issues involved in mass vaccination programme and present some additional challenges in the context of a resource-poor settings of public health in Bangladesh. (shrink)

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Biotechnology is the use of living systems and organisms to develop or make products, or any technological application that uses biological systems, living organisms or derivatives to make or modify products or processes for specific use. Biotechnology is a constantly evolving field of modern science. New tools and products developed by biotechnologists are useful in research, agriculture, industry and healthcare. Although it has many benefits including lowering our environmental footprint, and helping in diagnosis and treatment of diseases, it comes with (...) its all-possible disadvantages. The four main societal concerns revolve around are ethical, safety, bioterrorism and environmental issues. This paper aims to describe those societal concerns raised by applications of biotechnology and possible regulations related to biotech innovations and policy implementation. (shrink)

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Food images are useful stimuli for the study of cognitive processes as well as eating behavior. To enhance rigor and reproducibility in task-based research, it is advantageous to have stimulus sets that are publicly available and well characterized. Food Folio by Columbia Center for Eating Disorders is a publicly available set of 138 images of Western food items. The set was developed for the study of eating disorders, particularly for use in tasks that capture eating behavior characteristic of these illnesses. (...) It contains foods that are typically eaten, as well as those typically avoided, by individuals with eating disorders. Each image has now been rated across 17 different attributes by a large general United States population sample via Amazon’s Mechanical Turk. Ratings included subjective attributes as well as estimates of nutrient content. Each participant rated a subset of stimulus set food items on all 17 dimensions. Additional description of the image set is provided in terms of physical image information and accurate nutritional information. Correlations between subjective ratings were calculated and an exploratory factor analysis and exploratory cluster analysis completed. Outcomes of the factor analysis suggested foods may be described along three latent factors of healthiness, tastiness, and umami taste; the cluster analysis highlighted five distinct clusters of foods varying on these same dimensions. Descriptive outcomes indicated that the stimulus set includes a range of foods that vary along multiple dimensions and thus is likely to be useful in addressing various research questions surrounding eating behavior and cognition in healthy populations, as well as in those with eating disorders. The provision of comprehensive descriptive information allows for stimulus selection that is optimized for a given research question and promotes strong inference. (shrink)

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As organizations are benefiting from investments in big data analytics capabilities building and education, our study has analyzed the impact of big data analytics capabilities building and education on business model innovation. It has also assessed technological orientation and employee creativity as mediating and moderating variables. Questionnaire data from 499 managers at enterprises in Jiangsu, China have been analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling in SmartPLS. Big data analytics capabilities building and education strengthen technological orientation and increase business model innovation. Technology (...) orientation increases business model innovation and plays a mediating role. Employee creativity also boosts innovation. These findings show that business managers should adopt and promote a technological orientation. They should hire and train employees with big data education and training. Organizations can try to select and support employees who show creativity. (shrink)

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This study employs the Porter hypothesis framework to test the moderating role of production cost in the relationship between resource-efficiency actions and financial performance for German small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). For this purpose, we employ the 2012, 2018, and 2021 Flash Eurobarometer surveys to analyze how consistently SMEs adopt resource-efficiency actions, and the impact of these actions on their performance and costs. We also conduct a generalized method of moments regression analysis (GMM). Among the seven resource-efficiency actions proposed, saving (...) water had a significant positive (negative) influence on financial performance in 2012, 2021, and (2018). Saving energy and using renewable energy had a positive and significant (insignificant) effect on financial performance in 2018, 2021, and (2012). Finally, selling scrap material to other companies had a positive and significant impact in all years. Furthermore, increased production costs negatively moderate the relationship between eco-efficiency action scores and financial performance. The results indicate that the “strong” version of the Porter hypothesis is not supported: It only holds when the implementation of eco-efficiency actions reduces production costs and increases financial performance. (shrink)

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