Rethinking agreement: Cognition-to-form mapping.Andrej A.Kibrik -2019 -Cognitive Linguistics 30 (1):37-83.detailsThe prevailing assumption is that anResearch underlying this study was conducted with support of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research grant #17-06-00460.agreement feature originates in one linguistic element, that is a controller, and is copied onto another one, a target. This form-to-form approach encounters massive difficulties when confronted with data, such as missing controllers or feature mismatches. A cognition-to-form mapping approach is proposed instead, suggesting that agreement features, such as person, number, and gender, are associated with referents in the cognitive (...) representation. They serve to specify referents on either notional or conventional grounds, and are thus referential features. Referential features are mapped onto various sites in linguistic structure, including inflections. Parallel agreement between various sites is observed, as a side effect of mappings from the same cognitive source. Languages differ in which and how many sites for marking referential features they require. Analysis of Russian evidence suggests that the cognition-to-form mapping approach has a much greater explanatory force than the traditional form-to-form approach. There are only peripheral classes of instances in which form-to-form agreement may be needed as a supplementary factor. In general, the roots of agreement lie in cognitively motivated discourse processes associated with reference. (shrink)
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The Problem of Endangered Languages in the USSR.Aleksandr E.Kibrik &A. Eulenberg -1991 -Diogenes 39 (153):67-83.detailsAbout 130 languages are currently spoken in the USSR. These languages differ considerably in their numbers of speakers, social status, scope and viability. Our primary interest in this paper will be with those languages that are in extreme danger of extinction in the near future.
The architecture is not exactly parallel: Some modules are more equal than others.Boris B. Velichkovsky,Andrej A.Kibrik &Boris M. Velichkovsky -2003 -Behavioral and Brain Sciences 26 (6):692-693.detailsDespite its computational elegancy, Jackendoff's proposal to reconcile competing approaches by postulating a parallel architecture for phonological, syntactic, and semantic modules is disappointing. We argue that it is a pragmatic version of the leading module which Jackendoff would probably prefer, but which he does not explicitly acknowledge. This internal conflict leads to several shortcomings and even distortions of information presented in the book.
Leaving a Legacy: Intergenerational Allocations of Benefits and Burdens.Kimberly A. Wade-Benzoni,Harris Sondak &Adam D. Galinsky -2010 -Business Ethics Quarterly 20 (1):7-34.detailsIn six experiments, we investigated the role of resource valence in intergenerational attitudes and allocations. We found that, compared to benefits, allocating burdens intergenerationally increased concern with one’s legacy, heightened ethical concerns, intensified moral emotions (e.g., guilt, shame), and led to feelings of greater responsibility for and affinity with future generations. We argue that, because of greater concern with legacies and the associated moral implications of one’s decisions, allocating burdens leads to greater intergenerational generosity as compared to benefits. Our data (...) provide support for this effect across a range of contexts. Our results also indicate that the differential effect of benefits versus burdens in intergenerational contexts depends on the presence of two important structural characteristics that help enact concerns about legacies, including (1) future impact of decisions, and (2) a self-other tradeoff. Overall, our findings highlight how considering resource valence brings to the fore a number of key psychological characteristics of intergenerational decisions—especially as they relate to legacies and ethics. (shrink)
A Multifocal and Integrative View of the Influencers of Ethical Attitudes Using Qualitative Configurational Analysis.Nicole A. Celestine,Catherine Leighton &Chris Perryer -2020 -Journal of Business Ethics 162 (1):103-122.detailsEthical attitudes and behaviour are complex. This complexity extends to the influencers operating at different levels both outside and within the organisation, and in different combinations for different individuals. There is hence a growing need to understand the proximal and distal influencers of ethical attitudes, and how these operate in concert at the individual, organisational, and societal levels. Few studies have attempted to combine these main research streams and systematically examine their combined impact. The minority of studies that have taken (...) a combined approach have often done so using conventional statistical and analytical techniques which imply linearity between variables—a situation that rarely exists in business settings and is likely to lead to simplistic or even erroneous conclusions. Applying a fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis approach, this paper reports on the mutual and simultaneous influence of individual demographic factors, as well as proximal and distal factors stemming from within and outside the work environment to understand individuals’ ethical views within the workplace. The multiple configurations that emerged reveal the complex nature of influencers of ethical attitudes, and reinforce the view that “one size does not fit all”. We discuss these implications together with managerial recommendations and future research directions. (shrink)
How a Process-oriented Approach in Radical Constructivism Affects Empirical Research.A. Scholl -2011 -Constructivist Foundations 7 (1):29-31.detailsOpen peer commentary on the target article “From Objects to Processes: A Proposal to Rewrite Radical Constructivism” by Siegfried J. Schmidt > Upshot: Radical Constructivism should be strictly process-oriented to avoid hidden ontology. S. J. Schmidt provides such a strict process-orientation from a very philosophical viewpoint that, however, still lacks access to empirical research. The purpose of this commentary is to show a way to apply Schmidt’s philosophical framework to empirical research.
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Saroja Ācārya racanābalī.Saroja Ācārya -1987 - Kalikātā: Pārla Pābaliśārsa.detailsComplete works of a Bengali Marxist philosopher and author.
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A filozófia rövid története gólyáknak.Ágnes Heller -2016 - Budapest: Múlt és Jövő Kiadó.detailsI. Ókor -- II. A középkor és a reneszánsz -- III. Az újkor.
A Framework for Business Ethics Education.A. Scott Carson -2013 -Journal of Business Ethics Education 10:185-210.detailsBusiness schools are frequently blamed for corporate ethical scandals by failing to develop integrity and critical ethical thinking skills in managers. What should business schools teach to address this? The paper proposes a framework for the development and evaluation of a business ethics curriculum, which is grounded on the AACSB learning goals of ethical understanding, reasoning abilities, managerial knowledge and ethical capacities. The framework is two building blocks in the form of tests, which together provide quality measures for business ethics (...) content and a definition of the scope and depth of knowledge an ethics curriculum should contain. Overall, the framework is a supplement to the AACSB guidelines and its purpose is to be a curriculum development tool. (shrink)
A Mess of the Grounding Role of Metaphysics.A. Schetz -2015 -Constructivist Foundations 11 (1):162-163.detailsOpen peer commentary on the article “Towards a PL-Metaphysics of Perception: In Search of the Metaphysical Roots of Constructivism” by Konrad Werner. Upshot: In his target article, Werner focuses his efforts on finding a metaphysical paradigm in which it would be suitable to embed - as he puts it - some movements in contemporary philosophy and cognitive science, and especially radical constructivism and the embodied cognition approach. In my commentary, I shall briefly discuss the question of metaphysical grounding or embedding (...) of radical constructivism, and make an attempt to show that the author has failed to explain what this grounding is supposed to be, and that radical constructivism has to remain characteristically an anti-metaphysical doctrine. Of course, I do appreciate the ingenious efforts to find the metaphysical grounding of radical constructivism, as far as the question of cognitive access to and the knowability of reality is concerned, but I would like to undermine the key tenet of the article that radical constructivism is in the pressing need of a metaphysics of some sort. (shrink)
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A Callimachean Refinement to the Greek Hexameter.A. W. Bulloch -1970 -Classical Quarterly 20 (2):258-268.detailsI should like to draw attention to a metrical phenomenon observable in the hexameters of Callimachus and propound a ‘law’ which so far as I know has not been remarked on before; the accompanying discussion involves some refinements to our understanding of the metrical effect of proclitics of general importance to Greek metrical studies. In analysing the data I have made use of some standard statistical methods which could in my view be used throughout the whole field of Greek metrical (...) studies with great profit. The analysis also provides some detailed evidence useful for a comparison of Callimachus, Apollonius Rhodius, Theocritus, and Aratus, and the earlier writers by whom the Hellenistic poets were influenced. (shrink)
Why “A watched pot never boils”.A. M. Wolsky -1976 -Foundations of Physics 6 (3):367-369.detailsWe show that as a system which can be characterized by a finite-dimensional Hilbert space is observed more and more frequently, the probability that it will always be found in its initial state tends to one.
A Note on Aeneid 5. 326.A. S. Mcdevitt -1967 -Classical Quarterly 17 (2):313-315.detailsThe statement of Heinsius that was the reading of all his manuscriptsis described by Henry2 as a mere blunder, and it must surely be so regarded.Henry claims to have examined seventy-four manuscripts, in none of whichdid he find, and more recent commentators and editors, though some3 prefer to adopt the emendation, are unanimous in acknowledging thelack of manuscript support for the change.
Ti︠a︡zhba o bytii: sbornik filosofskikh rabot.A. V. Akhutin -1997 - Moskva: Russkoe fenomenologicheskoe ob-vo.detailsDelo filosofii -- ch. 1. Spory evropeĭskoĭ kulʹtury. Ėpicheskiĭ iskhod. Otkrytie soznanii︠a︡. Drevnegrecheskai︠a︡ tragedii︠a︡ i filosofii︠a︡. Afiny i Ierusalim. Novat︠s︡ii︠a︡ Kopernika i kopernikanskai︠a︡ revoli︠u︡t︠s︡ii︠a︡ -- ch. 2. XX vek: k ontologii spornosti. Sofii︠a︡ i chert. Kant pered lit︠s︡om russkoĭ religioznoĭ metafiziki. O vtorom izmerenii myshlenii︠a︡: L. Shestov i filosofii︠a︡. Na poli︠a︡kh "I︠A︡ i Ty".
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V.A. Smirnov’s Results in the Field of Modern Formal Logic.A. S. Karpenko -2000 -Studia Logica 66 (2):227-252.detailsThis paper is a survey of V.A. Smirnovs main results in modern logic.
Heart of Wisdom: A Commentary to the Heart Sutra. Geshe Kelsang Gyatso.A. Saroop -1988 -Buddhist Studies Review 5 (2):160-164.detailsHeart of Wisdom: A Commentary to the Heart Sutra. Geshe Kelsang Gyatso. Tharpa Publications, London 1986. xix, 210 pp. £6.95.
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Ideología, cultura y poder.Néstor García Canclini -1995 - Buenos Aires, Argentina: Secretaría de Extensión Universitaria, Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, Oficina de Publicaciones Ciclo Básico Común, Universidad de Buenos Aires.detailsPuede ser hoy marxista la teoría de la cultura? -- Reproducción social y subordinación ideológica de los sujetos -- Cómo se forman las culturas populares -- Cultura y poder.
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Ideología y cultura.Néstor García Canclini -1984 - [Buenos Aires]: Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Filosofía y Letras [y] Secretaría de Bienestar Estudiantil y Extensión Universitaria.detailsPuede ser hoy marxista la teoría de la cultura? -- Reproducción social y subordinación ideológica de los sujetos -- Cómo se forman las culturas populares?
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A megértés mestersége.Ákos Sivadó -2018 - Budapest: MTA Bölcsészettudományi Kutatóközpont Filozófiai Intézet.detailsSivadó Ákos javasolt megértés-koncepciójában arra is törekszik, hogy a megértés folyamata ne váljék szélsőséges relativizálássá, amely a maga eredményét is kétségessé teheti. Arra a következtetésre jut, hogy mindkét filozófus tanai – különbözőségük ellenére – értelmezhetők egy megértés-elmélet közös alapjaként. Úgy véli, a megértés a társadalomtudományok egyik hivatása, e módszer alkalmazása pedig tudományos igényű ismereteket generál. A lábjegyzetekkel kísért, nemzetközi szakirodalmat fölvonultató bibliográfiával záródó értekezés filozófiai, tudományelmélet, ismeretelméleti szakrészlegek állományába tartozik.
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A new fragment on Niobe and the text of Propertius 2.20.8.A. S. Hollis -1997 -Classical Quarterly 47 (2):578-582.detailsMichael Choniates (c. 1138–c. 1222), a pupil of Eustathius of Thessalonica, who was Greek Orthodox Metropolitan of Athens for some 25 years up to that city's capture by Frankish crusaders ina.d.1205, is best known to classical scholars as the possessor of probably the last complete copy of Callimachus'HecaleandAetia. He had brought with him from Constantinople many books of all kinds, and added to his collection when in Athens. Although an immense task, it would be well worth trying to identify all (...) Michael's classical allusions, as an indication of how much ancient Greek literature was still available just before Constantinople too succumbed to the crusaders. (shrink)
A Critical Examination of Psycho-Analysis.A. Wohlgemuth -2015 - Routledge.detailsOriginally published in 1923, this title is a critical examination of Freud’s theory of psychoanalysis. A contemporary of Freud, the author sets out to evaluate his theories in a scientific manner, searching for evidence. The result is a rather scathing review of where this is lacking.
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A Debate About Anderson's Logic.A. W. Stewart✠ -2009 -History and Philosophy of Logic 30 (2):157-169.detailsThis article is about the history of logic in Australia. Douglas Gasking (1911?1994) undertook to translate the logical terminology of John Anderson (1893?1962) into that of Ludwig Wittgenstein's (1921) Tractatus. At the time Gilbert Ryle (1900?1976), and more recently David Armstrong, recommended the result to students; but it is reasonable to have misgivings about Gasking as a guide to either Anderson or Wittgenstein. The historical interest of the debate Gasking initiated is that it yielded surprisingly little information about Anderson's traditional (...) (syllogistic or Aristotelian) logic and its relation to classical (first-order predicate or Russellian) logic, the ostensible topic; but the materials now exist to interpret Anderson's logic in classical logic, possibly as an algebra of classes. This would be of little interest to contemporary logicians, but it might shed some light on Anderson's philosophy. (shrink)
A ‘Butte’ of a hole in Montana.A. R. Gini -1986 -Journal of Business Ethics 5 (1):79-83.detailsButte Montana, located in the south-west quarter of the state, is and always has been a company town. Butte is situated on what has been called the "richest hill on earth." The mining rights to this fabulous hill belong to the Anaconda Copper Company. By 1892 the Anaconda Company had become the world's largest producer of copper achieving an output of 100 million pounds. By 1978 "the company" proudly claimed that over 20 billion pounds of copper had been mined from (...) the "richest hill on earth." In the past Anaconda has employed approximately one-third of Buttes work force, paid 58% of the county property tax and annually pumped millions of dollars into the local business community. While it is clear that Anaconda and Butte are inextricably wed, since the early 1970's the residents of Butte have come to resent their nearly 100 year marriage of convenience to the copper giant. At present the major area of contention between "the company" and the citizens of Butte found themselves confronting the following predicament: What personal property and fiduciary rights can an ordinary citizen expect to maintain in the face of the needs and requirements of advancing industrial progress? (shrink)
Ethics: A Radical-constructivist Approach.A. Quale -2014 -Constructivist Foundations 9 (2):256-261.detailsContext: The theory of radical constructivism offers a tool for the evaluation of knowledge in general: especially with regard to its epistemic and ontological character. This applies in particular to knowledge that is non-cognitive, such as, e.g., ethical convictions. Problem: What impact can radical constructivism have on the topic of ethics? Specifically, how can ethical issues be resolved within a radical-constructivist epistemic approach? Method: I extend the theory of radical constructivism to include also items of non-cognitive knowledge. This makes it (...) possible to discuss ethical issues, which are non-cognitive, in a constructivist epistemic and ontological perspective. Some arguments against this conception of “strictly personal ethics” are discussed. Results: Radical constructivism is neutral on ethical issues, and thus cannot be invoked to endorse any particular ethical position. However, this causes no problem for the theory: the individual knower will construct her own ethical values and convictions, as part of her store of non-cognitive knowledge, in interaction with her environment (including other individuals. Hence ethical values cannot be argued in cognitive terms; and this elevates the knower into a position of personal responsibility with respect to ethical issues. Constructivist content: I focus on the role played by radical constructivism in the approach to cognitive vs. non-cognitive knowledge. The construction of knowledge (of any kind) emerges as a strictly personal enterprise. For instance, in the context addressed here, constructed non-cognitive knowledge forms a basis for the individual knower’s ethical position. (shrink)
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A Sufi Martyr: The Apologia of 'Ain Al-Qudat Al-Hamadhani.A. J. Arberry -1969 - Routledge.detailsOriginally published in 1969. This volume was composed by an eminent Sufi mystic whilst in prison in Baghdad, awaiting execution, in a vain attempt to overthrow his sentence; he was put to death in AD 1311 at the age of 33. This apologia is a document of great poignancy, composed in most elegant Arabic and translated with the customary skill and elegance for which A J Arberry became so well-known.
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A Eupolidean Precedent for the Rowing Scene in Aristophanes'Frogs?A. M. Wilson -1974 -Classical Quarterly 24 (2):250-252.detailsThe scene in Aristophanes' Frogs where Dionysus rows Charon's boat across the Styx to the accompaniment of the chorus of frogs is, of course, one of the most famous passages of Greek Comedy, and an essential element of the humour of the passage is the ineptitude of Dionysus as a rower. As a large part of the Athenian audience would have served in triremes as rowers, Dionysus' inability to perform this familiar task adequately will have been immediately ridiculous. Aristophanes was (...) thus exploiting an easy source of humour in depicting Dionysus as an unaccomplished rower battling against the difficulties and discomforts of the task. Had so obvious a source of humour been neglected by the playwrights of Athenian Old Comedy till the time of Frogs? We should have been obliged to answer that we had no positive indications to the contrary till the publication in 1968 of Pap. Ox. 2740, but this now furnishes us with grounds to infer that some other Old Comedy, very probably the Taxiarchs of Eupolis, contained a scene where some person was represented as rowing ineptly. (shrink)
A Note on Sallust,Catilina 1. 1.A. J. Woodman -1973 -Classical Quarterly 23 (2):310-310.detailsOne of Sallust's main points in this preface is that individuals should strive to attaingloria, i.e. should be spoken highly of by others. With this in mind, the commentators seem agreed thatsilentioin the opening sentence must be taken in a passive sense: ‘silentioexpresses not a state in which one says nothing, but a state in which nothing is said about one, i.e. “obscurity”’. The sequence of ideas in the first chapter makes this interpretation seem certain.
Literaturnai︠a︡ germenevtika: teorii︠a︡ i praktika.E. I. Li︠a︡pushkina -2020 - Sankt-Peterburg: Rostok.detailsIssledovanii︠a︡ Ekateriny Ilʹinichny Li︠a︡pushkinoĭ (1963-2018), literaturoveda, istorika russkoĭ literatury, dot︠s︡enta Sankt-Peterburgskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, obnaruzhivai︠u︡t nei︠a︡vnye smysly klassicheskikh tekstov. Prochtenie proizvedeniĭ Goncharova, Turgeneva, Dostoevskogo, Nabokova osnovyvaetsi︠a︡ na teorii literaturnoĭ germenevtiki. Teoreticheskie shtudii i praktika interpretat︠s︡ii realizui︠u︡t dialektiku ponimanii︠a︡ v obʺi︠a︡snenii︠a︡, to estʹ nalichie germenevticheskogo kruga, opredeli︠a︡i︠u︡shchee kompozit︠s︡ii︠u︡ predlagaemogo izdanii︠a︡.
A draft for unifying controversies in philosophy of science.A. Polikarov -1998 -Journal for General Philosophy of Science / Zeitschrift für Allgemeine Wissenschaftstheorie 29 (2):225-244.detailsThe basic (negative and positive) methodological maxims of three currents of philosophy of science (logical empiricism, falsificationism, and postpositivism) are formulated. Many of these maxims (stratagems) are controversial, e.g., the stance about the nonsense of metaphysics, and that of its indispensability. The restricted validity of these maxims allows for their unification. Within the framework of most of them there may be a relationship of (synchronic, or diachronic) subordination of the contradicting desiderata. In this vein ten stratagems are formulated.
Historia de la filosofía española: su influencia en el pensamiento universal.Heleno Saña -2007 - [Córdoba]: Editorial Almuzara.detailsEl propósito de esta obra es sacar del olvido los valores del pensamiento español y testimoniar con ello la vigencia que en aspectos decisivos sigue teniendo. La irradiación de este pensamiento en el mundo ha sido inferior a la influencia que ha ejercido lo español en otros aspectos culturales. ¿Cuáles son las causas de la infravaloración de nuestra aportación a la historia de las ideas? ¿Se debe ello a la escasa calidad de nuestros filósofos o a factores exógenos como el (...) desconocimiento, silenciamiento o deformación de la cultura teórica creada por nuestros grandes pensadores? El libro que el lector tiene ahora en sus manos no es una apología de la Filosofía española. Intenta ser un análisis objetivo de lo que ha aportado ésta a la Philosophia perennis; se consignan por tanto las limitaciones, pero también las virtudes, de nuestra filosofía. En las páginas que siguen Heleno Saña intentará demostrar que la realidad del pensamiento de los filósofos españoles es muy distinta, y sobre todo mucho más importante, a la que sobre él decretaron Hegel y sus seguidores. (shrink)
A Model of Isotope Separation in Plants.A. O. Bokunyaeva &A. V. Melkikh -2017 -Acta Biotheoretica 65 (4):271-284.detailsA model representing isotope separation during water evaporation in plants was constructed. The model accounts for substance diffusion, convective transfer and evaporation from the surface of the leaves. The dependence of the system’s separation and enrichment coefficients on various parameters was determined. A comparison was made between the enrichment coefficients calculated from experimental data from different plants and those based on the model. Qualitative agreement between the experimental and theoretical values was obtained for the case of $$\frac{uh}{D} {\gg} 1$$ uh (...) D ≫ 1, where u is the average velocity of water in the plant, h is the height of the plant, and D is the diffusion coefficient of the substance. (shrink)
On a Searlean Objection to Rosenthal’s Theory of State Consciousness.A. Minh Nguyen -2000 -Journal of Philosophical Research 25 (January):83-100.detailsIn a series of closely connected papers, Rosenthal has defended what has come to be known as “the higher-order thought theory of state-consciousness.” According to this theory, a mental state which one instantiates is conscious if and only if one is conscious of being in it in some relevant way, and one’s being conscious of being in the state which is conscious consists in one’s having a contemporaneous thought to the effect that one is in that state. The main aim (...) of this paper is to disarm a Searle-style objection to Rosenthal’s account of state-consciousness, one that takes mentality, in particular intentionality, to presuppose state-consciousness. It is argued that the Searlean attempt to convict Rosenthal’s hypothesis of circularity fails, because the postulation of what Searle called “subjective ontology,” as well as the requirement that there be an uncancelable connection between mode of representation and state-consciousness, is unreasonable. While defending Rosenthal against Searle, this paper also aims to develop a fresh objection to the higher-order thought conception of state-consciousness. (shrink)