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Accumulating evidence for the unique social, behavioral, and physical health benefits ofpositiveemotion and related well-being constructs has led to the development and testing ofpositive psychological interventions (PPIs) to increase emotional well-being and enhance health promotion and disease prevention. PPIs are specifically aimed at improving emotional well-being and consist of practices such as gratitude, savoring, and acts of kindness. The purpose of this narrative review was to examine the literature on PPIs with a particular focus (...) onpositiveemotion outcomes. We evaluated the evidence on the effects of PPIs onpositiveemotion specifically, and discussed the range of evidence regarding the relative responsiveness ofemotion measures to PPIs in order to gain a better understanding of the specific emotional pathways through which PPIs influence psychological and physical well-being. We conclude with recommendations for best evaluating effects of PPIs onpositiveemotion outcomes. (shrink)

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Emotions are a natural vector for acting together with others and are witnessed in human behaviour, perception and body functions. For this reason, studies of human-to-human interaction, such as multi-person motor synchronisation, are a perfect setting to disentangle the linkage ofemotion with socio-motor interaction. And yet, the majority of joint action studies aiming at understanding the impact of emotions on multi-person performance resort to enacted emotions, the ones that are emulated based on the previous experience of such emotions, (...) and almost exclusively focus on dyadic interaction. In addition, tasks chosen to studyemotion in joint action are frequently characterised by a reduced number of physical dimensions to gain experimental control and subsequent facilitation in data analysis. Therefore, it is not clear how naturalistically induced emotions diffuse in more ecological interactions with other people and how emotions affect the process of interpersonal synchronisation. Here, we show thatpositive and negative emotions differently alter spontaneous human synchronous behaviour during a multi-person improvisation task. The study involved 39 participants organised in triads who self-reported liking improvisational activities. The task involved producing improvisational movements with the right hand. Participants were emotionally induced by manipulated social feedback involving a personal ranking score. Three-dimensional spatio-temporal data and cardiac activity were extracted and transformed into oscillatory signals to compute behavioural and physiological synchrony. Our results demonstrate that individuals induced withpositive emotions, as opposed to negative emotions or a neutral state, maintained behavioural synchrony with other group members for a longer period of time. These findings contribute to the emerging shift of neuroscience ofemotion and affective sciences towards the environment of social significance where emotions appear the most—in interaction with others. Our study showcases a method of quantification of synchrony in an improvisational and interactive task based on a well-established Kuramoto model. (shrink)

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As the cores of education, teachers’ emotions have a critical place in academia. However, the power of EFL teachers’positive emotions and their regulation in online mode of instruction have been ignored by scholars. With the rapid shift of education from face-to-face to remote/electronic delivery, many challenges and emotional problems emerged among teachers and learners worldwide. This entailed the necessity of considering and planning for emotional regulation to generatepositive outcomes. To provide a roadmap for this line of (...) research, the present mini-review article presented the theoretical and empirical underpinnings ofemotion regulation, its origins and definitions, as well as outcomes for second/foreign language education. The study also presents some implications for EFL teachers, teacher trainers, and avid scholars of this area of research pinpointing the current yawning gaps. (shrink)

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Two studies tested the hypothesis that certainpositive emotions speed recovery from the cardiovascular sequelae of negative emotions. In Study 1, 60 subjects (Ss) viewed an initial fear-eliciting film, and were randomly assigned to view a secondary film that elicited: (a) contentment; (b) amusement; (c) neutrality; or (d) sadness. Compared to Ss who viewed the neutral and sad secondary films, those who viewed thepositive films exhibited more rapid returns to pre-film levels of cardiovascular activation. In Study 2, (...) 72 Ss viewed a film known to elicit sadness. Fifty Ss spontaneously smiled at least once while viewing this film. Compared to Ss who did not smile, those who smiled exhibited more rapid returns to pre-film levels of cardiovascular activation. We discuss these findings in terms ofemotion theory and possible health-promoting functions ofpositive emotions. (shrink)

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The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has taken a significant toll on mental health; people around the world are experiencing high levels of stress and deteriorated wellbeing. The past research shows thatpositive emotions can help people cultivate a resilient mindset; however, the reality created by the global crisis itself limits the opportunities for experiencingpositive emotions. Thus, it is unclear to what extent their effect is strong enough to counter the psychological impact of the current pandemic. Here, the author (...) reports the findings of a survey conducted across two large representative samples in the United Kingdom and the United States during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. A linear regression model revealed that the presence ofpositive emotions is strongly linked with resilience, in particular for individuals experiencing more negative emotions. These results show thatpositive emotions are particularly important to mental health in the context of high stress, reflected by increased levels of negative emotional experiences. These results are also consistent with the existentialpositive psychology perspective, which posits that even negative emotions can contribute to wellbeing once they are transformed. The author discusses the potential ofpositive emotions to transform suffering and thereby ameliorate the negative impact of the present collective crisis. (shrink)

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The broaden‐and‐build theory (CitationFredrickson, 1998, Citation2001) hypothesises thatpositive emotions broaden the scope of attention and thought‐action repertoires. Two experiments with 104 college students tested these hypotheses. In each, participants viewed a film that elicited (a) amusement, (b) contentment, (c) neutrality, (d) anger, or (e) anxiety. Scope of attention was assessed using a global‐local visual processing task (Experiment 1) and thought‐action repertoires were assessed using a Twenty Statements Test (Experiment 2). Compared to a neutral state,positive emotions broadened (...) the scope of attention in Experiment 1 and thought‐action repertoires in Experiment 2. In Experiment 2, negative emotions, relative to a neutral state, narrowed thought‐action repertoires. Implications for promoting emotional well‐being and physical health are discussed. (shrink)

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Resources, coping with stress,positive emotions and health. Introduction.

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This research examined how strongly appraisals can differentiatepositive emotions and how they differentiatepositive emotions. Thirteenpositive emotions were examined, namely, amusement, awe, challenge, compassion, contentment, gratitude, hope, interest, joy, pride, relief, romantic love and serenity. Participants from Singapore and the USA recalled an experience of eachemotion and thereafter rated their appraisals of the experience. In general, the appraisals accurately classified thepositive emotions at rates above chance levels, and the appraisal–emotion relationships (...) conformed to predictions. Also, the appraisals were largely judged by participants as relevant to theirpositiveemotion experiences, and the appraisal–emotion relationships were largely consistent across the two countries. (shrink)

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After decades of neglect,positiveemotion is now the focus of a rich, diverse, and rapidly growing field. Basic research has advanced understanding ofpositive emotions’ neural mechanisms, nonverbal expression, and implications for cognition and motivation, with increasing appreciation ofpositiveemotion differentiation, as well as cultural and contextual moderators ofpositive emotions’ effects. Much research has also addressed wayspositive emotions can be leveraged to improve the human condition, and the mechanisms by (...) which interventions have beneficial effects. As always, new knowledge raises more questions, and we still have a long way to go before the promise of this field can be fully realized. This comment reviews major developments inpositiveemotion science and offers recommendations for the future. (shrink)

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Positive emotions are highly valued and frequently sought. Beyond just being pleasant, however,positive emotions may also lead to long-term benefits in important domains, including work, physical health, and interpersonal relationships. Research thus far has focused on the broader functions ofpositive emotions. According to the broaden-and-build theory,positive emotions expand people’s thought–action repertoires and allow them to build psychological, intellectual, and social resources. New evidence suggests thatpositive emotions—particularly gratitude—may also play a role in (...) motivating individuals to engage inpositive behaviors leading to self-improvement. We propose and offer supportive evidence that expressing gratitude leads people to muster effort to improve themselves via increases in connectedness, elevation, humility, and specific negative states including indebtedness. (shrink)

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This chapter examines Stoic thinking on the good emotions of the wise, rather than their much better-known ideas about misguided or foolish emotions. It asks whether the picture given by our sources of the character and scope of thepositive emotions shows that they can make an adequate contribution to what we can recognize as a rich human life. The main sources considered are Andronicus’s doxographical treatment, Epictetus’s Discourses and the Meditations of Marcus Aurelius, the last of which is (...) discussed in some depth. It is argued that Marcus especially helps to bring out the range and depth of the Stoicpositive emotions, and the discussion shows how they fit into a full human life, which gives room for deeply felt interpersonal relationships. (shrink)

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Spirituality has mostly been studied in psychology as implied in the process of overcoming adversity, being triggered by negative experiences, and providingpositive outcomes. By reversing this pathway, we investigated whether spirituality may also be triggered by self-transcendentpositive emotions, which are elicited by stimuli appraised as demonstrating higher good and beauty. In two studies, elevation and/or admiration were induced using different methods. These emotions were compared to two control groups, a neutral state and apositive (...) class='Hi'>emotion (mirth). Self-transcendentpositive emotions increased participants' spirituality (Studies 1 and 2), especially for the non-religious participants (Study 1). Two basic world assumptions, i.e., belief in life as meaningful (Study 1) and in the benevolence of others and the world (Study 2) mediated the effect of these emotions on spirituality. Spirituality should be understood not only as a coping strategy, but also as an upward spiralling pathway to and from self-transcendentpositive emotions. (shrink)

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This paper proposes that eightpositive emotions: awe, love , trust , compassion, gratitude, forgiveness, joy and hope constitute what we mean by spirituality. These emotions have been grossly ignored by psychiatry. The two sciences that I shall employ to demonstrate this definition of spirituality will be ethology and neuroscience. They are both very new. I will argue that spirituality is not about ideas, sacred texts and theology; rather, spirituality is all aboutemotion and social connection. Specific religions, (...) for all their limitations, are often the portal through whichpositive emotions are brought into conscious attention. Neither Freud nor psychiatric textbooks ever mention emotions like joy and gratitude. Hymns and psalms give these emotions pride of place. Our whole concept of psychotherapy might change if clinicians set about enhancingpositive emotions rather than focusing only on negative emotions. (shrink)

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This review provides an overview of the research on nonverbal expressions ofpositive emotions, organised intoemotion families, that is, clusters sharing common characteristics. Epistemologicalpositive emotions are found to have distinct, recognisable displays via vocal or facial cues, while the agency-approachpositive emotions appear to be associated with recognisable visual, but not auditory, cues. Evidence is less strong for the prosocial emotions in any modality other than touch, and there is little support for distinct recognisable (...) signals of the savouringpositive emotions. In closing, some limitations of extant work are noted and some proposals for future research are outlined. (shrink)

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It is often acknowledged that mindfulness facilitatesemotion regulation on a long-term scale. Only few empirical studies support the hypothesis that even a brief mindfulness induction among subjects without previous experience of meditation allows an effective reduction of bothpositive and negative emotions. To the best of our knowledge, this hypothesis has never been tested when comparing mindfulness to other regulation strategies known to be effective. The current study investigates the effects of mindfulness, reappraisal and expressive suppression during (...) the regulation ofpositive emotions. Forty-five participants without previous meditation experience watched fourpositive video clips while applying a specific regulation strategy: mindful attention, reappraisal, expressive suppression or no strategy. Video clips were matched for intensity andpositive emotions index. Each of them was evaluated on two dimensions, valence and arousal. Moreover, participants’ facial expressions were recorded during the presentation of the video clips. Results showed that participants report lesspositive affect in reappraisal and mindful attention conditions compared to expression suppression and a control condition; and the facialexpression – activation of AU12 and AU6 – varies with the regulation strategy applied. Results demonstrate the effectiveness of mindfulness in decreasing both the evaluative judgment ofpositive video clips and the related facial expression, among participants without previous mindfulness experience. (shrink)

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Emotional arousal and negative affect enhance recall of central aspects of an event. However, the role of discrete emotions in selective memory processing is understudied. Undergraduates were asked to recall and rate autobiographical memories of eight emotional events. Details of each memory were rated as central or peripheral to the event. Significance of the event, vividness, reliving and other aspects of remembering were also rated for each memory.Positive affect enhanced recall of peripheral details. Furthermore, the impairment of peripheral (...) recall was greatest in memories of anger, not of fear. Reliving the experience at retrieval was negatively correlated with recall of peripheral details for some emotions (e.g., anger) but not others (e.g., fear), irrespective of similarities in affect and intensity. Within individuals, recall of peripheral details was correlated with less belief in the memory's accuracy and more likelihood to recall the memory from one's own eyes (i.e., a field perspective). (shrink)

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Understandingpositive emotions' shared and differentiating features can yield valuable insight into the structure ofpositiveemotion space and identifyemotion states, or aspects ofemotion states, that are most relevant for particular psychological processes and outcomes. We report two studies that examined core relational themes (Study 1) and expressive displays (Study 2) for eightpositiveemotion constructs—amusement, awe, contentment, gratitude, interest, joy, love, and pride. Across studies, all eight emotions shared one quality: (...) highpositive valence. Distinctive core relational theme and expressive display patterns were found for four emotions—amusement, awe, interest, and pride. Gratitude was associated with a distinct core relational theme but not an expressive display. Joy and love were each associated with a distinct expressive display but their core relational themes also characterised pride and gratitude, respectively. Contentment was associated with a distinct expressive display but not a core relational theme. The implications of this work for the study ofpositiveemotion are discussed. (shrink)

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Although there have been a growing number of studies focusing on dog welfare, the research field concerning dogpositiveemotion assessment remains mostly unexplored. This paper aims to provide a state-of-the-art review and summary of the scattered and disperse research on dogpositiveemotion assessment. The review notably details the current advancement in the dogpositiveemotion research, what approaches, measures, methods, and techniques have been implemented so far inemotion perception, processing, and (...) response assessment. Moreover, we propose possible future research directions for short-termemotion as well as longer-term emotional states assessment in dogs. The review ends by identifying and addressing some methodological limitations and by pointing out further methodological research needs. (shrink)

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Achieving a high quality of life is dependent upon how individuals face adversity.Positive psychological interventions are well-suited to support coping efforts; however, experimental research is limited. The purpose of the current research was to examine whether different savoring interventions could increase important coping resources in response to a social-evaluative hassle. We completed an experimental mixed subject design study with a university student sample. All participants completed a hassle induction task and were then randomly assigned into different intervention groups. (...)Positiveemotion ratings were collected at three points in time. Results revealed a significant time x intervention interaction effect, such that individuals in the savoring the moment intervention reported higher levels ofpositive emotions compared to individuals assigned to the true control group, guided imagery control group, and savoring through reminiscence intervention. Such findings represent a significant extension to savoring theory and offer support for savoring the moment exercises as a primary prevention strategy to bolster effective responses to social-evaluative hassles. (shrink)

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Converging findings suggest that depressed individuals exhibit disturbances inpositiveemotion. No study, however, has ascertained which specificpositive emotions are implicated in depression. We report two studies that compare how depressive symptoms relate to distinctpositive emotions at both trait and state levels of assessment. In Study 1 (N=185), we examined associations between depressive symptoms and three traitpositive emotions (pride, happy, amusement). Study 2 compared experiential and autonomic reactivity to pride, happy, and amusement (...) film stimuli between depressive (n=24; DS) and non-depressive (n=31; NDS) symptom groups. Results indicate that symptoms of depression were most strongly associated with decreased trait pride and decreasedpositiveemotion experience to pride-eliciting films. Discussion focuses on the implications these findings have for understandingemotion deficits in depression as well as for the general study ofpositiveemotion. (shrink)

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In order to contribute to the consolidation in the field ofPositive Psychology, we reinvestigated the factor structure of top 10positive emotions of Barbara Fredrickson. Former research in experimental settings resulted in a three-cluster solution, which we tested withexploratoryandconfirmatorymethodology against different factor models. Within our non-experimental data (N= 312), statistical evidence is presented, advocating for a single factor model of the 10positive emotions. Different possible reasons for the deviating results are discussed, as well as the theoretical significance (...) to various subfields inPositive Psychology(e.g., therapeutical interventions). Furthermore, the special role ofawewithin the study and its implications for further research in the field are discussed. (shrink)

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Positive emotions are linked to numerous benefits, but not everyone appreciates the same kinds ofpositive emotional experiences. We examine how distinctpositive emotions are perceived and whether individuals’ perceptions are linked to how societies evaluate those emotions. Participants from Hong Kong and Netherlands rated 23positive emotions based on their individual perceptions and societal evaluations. We found that there were cultural differences in judgments about all six aspects ofpositive emotions; positivity, arousal, and social (...) engagement predicted emotions being positively regarded at the societal level in both cultures; and that positivity mattered more for the Dutch participants, although arousal and social engagement mattered more in Hong Kong for societal evaluations. These findings provide a granular map of the perception and evaluation of distinctpositive emotions in two cultures and highlight the role of cultures in the understanding howpositive emotions are perceived and evaluated. (shrink)

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The aim of the paper is to discuss and evaluate the role ofpositive emotions for cooperation in dialogical inquiry. I analyse dialogical interactions as vehicles for inquiry, and the role ofpositive emotions in knowledge gain is illustrated in terms of a case study taken from Socratic Dialogue, a contemporary method used in education for fostering group knowledge. I proceed as follows. After having illustrated the case study, I analyse it through the conceptual tools of distributed cognition (...) and character-based virtue epistemology, focusing on the two functions that emotions seem to play in the process of knowledge-building. These functions are motives for joint inquiry, and building blocks of the affective environment where the inquiry takes place.Positive emotions such as love and gratitude foster knowledge generation by providing an environment for posing questions and exploring aspects of a specific topic that a subject would not investigate outside of a group. This analysis helps me defend the thesis for whichpositive emotions are beneficial for cooperation. Because cooperation is the process that leads a group to cognitive transformation, emotions that support cooperation are beneficial for group knowledge creation as well. I assume that the beneficial function thatpositive emotions play within dialogical inquiry is the one of enhancement of cooperation. A beneficial factor not only comprisespositive emotions that facilitate and strengthen cooperation among the agents in their epistemic practices, but also consists of such emotions that nurture the epistemic agents, enhancing their responsibility to generate epistemic goods, as propositional knowledge or explanatory understanding, for example. Thus, the responsibility toward the epistemic practice disclose the ethical dimension of group inquiry. (shrink)

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ABSTRACTPrevious studies have identified two powerful ways to regulate emotional responses to a stressor: experiencing incidentalpositive emotions and using cognitive reappraisal to reframe the stressor. Several cognitive and motivational theories ofpositiveemotion support the formulation that incidentalpositive emotions may facilitate cognitive reappraisal. To test the separate and interacting effects ofpositive emotions and cognitive reappraisal, we first adapted an established picture-based reappraisal paradigm by interspersing blocks ofpositiveemotion inducing and (...) neutral pictures. Across two pre-registered studies, reappraisal effectively decreased self-reported negative emotions and increased self-reportedpositive emotions; however, experiencing incidentalpositive emotions did not facilitate reappraisal success. In another preregistered study, we employed a more powerfulpositiveemotion induction via virtual reality, used a social stress anticipation task, and... (shrink)

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The undoing hypothesis proposes thatpositive emotions serve to undo sympathetic arousal related to negative emotions and stress. However, a recent qualitative review challenged the undoing effect by presenting conflicting results. To address this issue quantitatively, we conducted a meta-analytic review of 16 studies ( N = 1,220; 72 effect sizes) measuring sympathetic recovery during elicitedpositive emotions and neutral conditions. Findings indicated that in most cases,positive emotions did not speed sympathetic recovery compared to neutral conditions. (...) However, when a composite index of cardiovascular reactivity was used, undoing effects were evident. Our findings suggest the need for further work on the functions ofpositive emotions. (shrink)

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Frequent human-media interaction via the electronic word-of-mouth platform, trust is acknowledged as an ongoing challenge. This study aimed to understand users' trust in the e-wom platform based on uses and gratifications theory and stimulus-organism-response paradigm. Utilitarian gratification was regarded as stimulus, social gratification andpositiveemotion as organism, and platform trust as response. Data was acquired from 268 users in China using a questionnaire survey, and the PLS-SEM was used to further analyze the results. The results indicated that (...) there is a hierarchy relationship between types of gratifications. That is, utilitarian gratification is a premise of social gratification. Moreover, sense of self-esteem andpositiveemotion have a mediating effect between perceived information quality and platform trust. Sense of social belonging andpositiveemotion have a mediating effect between perceived privacy protection and platform trust. This study not only broadened trust between human and media, but also purposed a hierarchy relationship of different types of gratifications in e-wom platform. (shrink)

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Positive psychology focuses on the constructive effects ofpositive emotions on human behavior. Considering the recent plethoric research onpositive emotions and SLA, this study pursues two important aims. The first aim is to find out whether there is any significant disparity between EFL teachers' and learners' views on an inventory ofpositive psychology in language learning which was fostered by researchers. The second goal is to find out whether teachers' practices conform to their views on (...) IPPLL and those expressed in the interview which was conducted with them. To this end, a 54-item questionnaire was developed and the revised questionnaire was administered to 385 learners. The results indicated that the teachers, in comparison with the learners, scored higher on all categories of the IPPLL. Moreover, unlike what they had expressed on the questionnaire and in the interview, the teachers did not capitalize onpositive emotions as evinced in both teachers' practice and learners' experience with learning English. Implications of the findings for teacher education courses are presented. (shrink)

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Employees' emotions have an important effect on their job performance, thus leaders can influence subordinates' emotions through emotional contagion and emotional appeal and ultimately affect their job performance. Based on the affective events theory, this study examines the impact of emotional leadership on the subordinates' job performance, the mediating role of subordinates'positive emotions, and the moderating role of susceptibility topositiveemotion. Hierarchical regression analysis of 362 valid questionnaires showed that: (1) emotional leadership has a significant (...)positive effect on subordinates' job performance; (2) subordinates'positiveemotion partially mediated the relationship between emotional leadership and subordinates' job performance; (3) subordinates' susceptibility topositiveemotion positively moderated the relationship between emotional leadership andpositive emotions, i.e., the higher the subordinates' susceptibility topositiveemotion, the greater the effect of emotional leadership on theirpositive emotions. This study validates affective events theory, deepens the understanding of the influence mechanism and boundary conditions of emotional leadership on subordinates' job performance, and provides some references for employee performance management. (shrink)

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The present study examines the association between people’s interoceptive representation of physical sensations and the recognition of vocal and facial expressions ofemotion. We used body maps to study the granularity of the interoceptive conceptualisation of 11positive emotions (amusement, awe, compassion, contentment, desire, love, joy, interest, pride, relief, and triumph) and a newemotion recognition test (Emotion Expression Understanding Test) to assess the ability to recognise emotions from vocal and facial behaviour. Overall, we found evidence (...) for distinct interoceptive conceptualizations of 11positive emotions across Asian American, European American, and Latino/a American cultures, as well as the reliable identification ofemotion in facial and vocal expressions. Central to new theorising aboutemotion-related representation, the granularity of physical sensations did not covary withemotion recognition accuracy, suggesting that two kinds ofemotion conceptualisation processes might be distinct. (shrink)

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AntecedentsPrevious research on citizens’ reactions after terrorist events has shown thatpositive reactions can also emerge alongside pain and horror.Positive emotions have been widely associated with an abstract style of thinking. In the context of the Paris terrorist attacks in 2015, we explored Spanish citizens’positive reactions – empathic concern,positive emotional climate, and esteem for humanity – and examined the relationships of these responses with an abstract style of thinking.MethodA longitudinal study was designed involving (...) an online questionnaire that was administered 10 days, 3 weeks, and 2 months after the attacks.ResultsEmpathic concern and personal distress toward Parisians decreased from the weeks following the attacks to 2 months later, with empathic concern always being more intense than personal distress. Emotional climate was perceived as more hostile thanpositive, althoughpositive feelings persisted. People reported moderatelypositive esteem for humanity. Individuals with a more abstract style of thinking reported greater empathic concern, a morepositive emotional climate, and more esteem for humanity.ConclusionsOur results support and extend previous research showing that abstraction enhances people’s resilience, even under traumatic circumstances such as those surrounding a terrorist attack. (shrink)

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Contributions to this special section onpositive emotions are summarized and integrated within a framework for organizing theory and research on particular emotions. Emotions are conceptualized as evolved strategies for coping with crises and opportunities, elicited by situational and appraisal antecedents–with phenomenological, physiological, expressive, behavioral, and emotivational goal components. Within this framework, theories are compared, inconsistencies and gaps in knowledge are identified, and issues inemotion theory are discussed.

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Research has by and large shown the negative effects of state orientation, that brooding over past events (i.e., state orientation) leads to more negative emotions and less well-being than quickly getting over past events (i.e., action orientation). However, this past research has primarily focused on how people cope with negative events and bad outcomes. The present research focuses on how people cope withpositive events with good outcomes. Study 1 found that state-oriented people felt better after a windfall than (...) action-oriented people. Study 2 found that state-oriented people felt not only worse when things turned out bad but also better when things turned out well than action-oriented people. Study 3 replicated thepositive effect of state orientation onpositive emotions with an experimental induction of action vs. state orientation. These results show that inpositive situations state orientation can have emotional benefits – in other words, they show the bright side of brooding. (shrink)

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In “Flourish,” Martin Seligman maintained that the elements of well-being consist of “PERMA:positiveemotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment.” Although the question of what constitutes human flourishing or psychological well-being has remained a topic of continued debate among scholars, it has recently been argued in the literature that a paradigmatic or prototypical case of human psychological well-being would largely manifest most or all of the aforementioned PERMA factors. Further, in “A Neuroscientific Perspective on Music Therapy,” Stefan Koelsch (...) also suggested that “Music therapy can have effects that improve the psychological and physiological health of individuals,” so it seems plausible that engaging in practices of music can positively contribute to one living a more optimally flourishing life with greater psychological well-being. However, recent studies on music practice and participation have not yet been reviewed and integrated under the PERMA framework frompositive psychology to further explore and explicate this possibility. This article therefore contributes to extant work by reviewing recent research on psychological well-being and music to offer support for the claim that music practice and participation can positively contribute to one living a flourishing life by positively influencing their emotions, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment. (shrink)

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Emotion Review, Volume 14, Issue 2, Page 132-160, April 2022. Autonomic nervous system activity is a fundamental component of emotional responding. It is not clear, however, whetherpositive emotional states are associated with differential ANS reactivity. To address this issue, we conducted a meta-analytic review of 120 articles, measuring ANS activity during 11 elicitedpositive emotions, namely amusement, attachment love, awe, contentment, craving, excitement, gratitude, joy, nurturant love, pride, and sexual desire. We identified a widely dispersed collection (...) of studies. Univariate results indicated thatpositive emotions produce no or weak and highly variable increases in ANS reactivity. However, the limitations of work to date – which we discuss – mean that our conclusions should be treated as empirically grounded hypotheses that future research should validate. (shrink)

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Green space around the university campus is of paramount importance for emotional and psychological restorations in students.Positive emotions in students can be aroused when immersed in green space and naturalness. However, to what extent can perceived naturalness influence students'positiveemotion remains unclear, especially in the context of COVID-19 countermeasures. This study, therefore, attempts to investigate in-depth the nature and strength of the relationships between students'positiveemotion and their perceived naturalness, place attachment, and (...) landscape preference, which are potentially varying across universities in different social and environmental contexts and different restrictions policies regarding the COVID-19 pandemic. (shrink)

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There has been no consensus on the neural dissociation betweenemotion-label andemotion-laden words, which remains one of the major concerns in affective neurolinguistics. The current study adopted dot-probe tasks to investigate the valence effect on attentional bias toward Chineseemotion-label andemotion-laden words. Behavioral data showed that emotional word type and valence interacted in attentional bias scores with an attentional bias towardpositiveemotion-laden words rather thanpositiveemotion-label words and that (...) this bias was derived from the disengagement difficulty inpositiveemotion-laden words. In addition, an attentional bias toward negativeemotion-label words relative topositiveemotion-label words was observed. The event-related potential data demonstrated an interaction between emotional word type, valence, and hemisphere. A significant hemisphere effect was observed during the processing ofpositiveemotion-laden word pairs rather thanpositiveemotion-label, negativeemotion-label, and negativeemotion-laden word pairs, withpositiveemotion-laden word pairs eliciting an enhanced P1 in the right hemisphere as compared to the left hemisphere. Our results found a dynamic attentional bias towardpositiveemotion-laden words; individuals allocated more attention topositiveemotion-laden words in the early processing stage and had difficulty disengaging attention from them in the late processing stage. (shrink)

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