Results for ' experimental method'
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- ExperimentalMethod and the Spiritualist Soul: The Case of Victor Cousin.Delphine Antoine-Mahut -2019 -Perspectives on Science 27 (5):680-703.Spiritualism designates a philosophy that lays claim to the separation of mind and body and the ontological and epistemological primacy of the former. In France, it is associated with the names of Victor Cousin and René Descartes, or more precisely with what Cousin made of Descartes as the founding father of a brittle rational psychology, closed off from the positive sciences, and as a critic in respect to the empiricist legacy of the idéologues. Moreover, by considering merely the end result, (...) severed from its polemical genesis, we are prevented from understanding how the category of experience constituted a crucial question for spiritualism itself. Through returning to the origin of these discussions in the 1826 preface to Cousin’s Fragments philosophiques, this essay pursues a threefold path: to show that the public birth of Cousinian spiritualism coincides with the affirmation of applying theexperimentalmethod, issuing from Bacon, to the study of facts of consciousness; that Cousin’s later evolution follows a process of radicalization—that is, in this context, of ontologization and of reduction; and that by recovering this genesis, we can distinguish many forms of spiritualisms committed to theexperimentalmethod, both in alliance with the early Cousin and against the later Cousin. In this way, we can rediscover the interwoven philosophical links, lost in the process of institutionalization, between metaphysical demands and empiricist concerns, or between “French” philosophy and the legacy of Condillac. (shrink)
- Experimental Methods in Moral Philosophy.Fernando Aguiar-Gonzalez &Antonio Gaitan (eds.) -forthcoming - Routledge.No categoriesExport citation
Bookmark - Experimental Methods for Inducing Basic Emotions: A Qualitative Review.Ewa Siedlecka &Thomas F. Denson -2019 -Emotion Review 11 (1):87-97.Experimental emotion inductions provide the strongest causal evidence of the effects of emotions on psychological and physiological outcomes. In the present qualitative review, we evaluated five commonexperimental emotion induction techniques: visual stimuli, music, autobiographical recall, situational procedures, and imagery. For each technique, we discuss the extent to which they induce six basic emotions: anger, disgust, surprise, happiness, fear, and sadness. For each emotion, we discuss the relative influences of the induction methods on subjective emotional experience and physiological (...) responses. Based on the literature reviewed, we make emotion-specific recommendations for induction methods to use in experiments. (shrink)
- Experimental methods for study of variation.Naomi Nagy -2006 - InEncyclopedia of Language & Linguistics. pp. 4--390.Export citation Bookmark
- Psychology:Experimental Methods.Robert W. Proctor,E. J. Capaldi &Kim‐Phuong L. Vu -2003 - In L. Nadel,Encyclopedia of Cognitive Science. Nature Publishing Group.Export citation Bookmark
- An evaluation ofexperimental methods of time judgment.Johs Clausen -1950 -Journal of Experimental Psychology 40 (6):756.
- Categories, Pragmatism, andExperimentalMethod.Sandra Rosenthal -2001 -The Commens Encyclopedia: The Digital Encyclopedia of Peirce Studies.Peirce’smethod of categorial development reveals theexperimental nature of phenomenology, of metaphysics, and of the relation between their respective claims. The phenomenological categories of Firstness, Secondness, and Thirdness come to light as an interrelated set of meanings, abductively generated as a tool for focusing on the richness of experience in order to elicit its illusive, “intangible” but pervasive textures, “traits” “tones or tints”. The move from experiential claims to metaphysical claims is an imaginative extension via analogy. In (...) the development of his metaphysical categories, there is an exaggeration of theexperimentalmethod by which we have meaningful everyday experience. There is an exaggeration of the metaphorical, imaginative, creative features of the meanings which arise out of past experience though abductive fixations of experience, and which legislate for the analysis of future experience. Further, there is an exaggerated attentiveness to what appears in experience, to its pervasive features or textures, an attentiveness which both founds the categories and serves to verify their adequacy. The claims of hisexperimental phenomenology, and hence the claims of the metaphysics which it grounds, are fallibilistic and open to alternative categorial possibilities. (shrink)No categories
- Claude Bernard and theExperimentalMethod in MedicineJ. M. D. Olmsted E. Harris Olmsted.Chauncey Leake -1952 -Isis 43 (4):374-374.
- The ThoughtExperimentalMethod: Avicenna's Flying Man Argument.Peter Adamson &Fedor Benevich -2018 -Journal of the American Philosophical Association 4 (2):147-164.No argument from the Arabic philosophical tradition has received more scholarly attention than Avicenna's ‘flying man’ thought experiment, in which a human is created out of thin air and is able to grasp his existence without grasping that he has a body. This paper offers a new interpretation of the version of this thought experiment found at the end of the first chapter of Avicenna's treatment of soul in theHealing. We argue that it needs to be understood in light of (...) an epistemological theory set out elsewhere by Avicenna, which allows that all the constitutive properties of an essence will be clear to someone who understands and considers that essence. On our reading, this theory is put to work in the ‘flying man’: because the flying man would grasp that his own essence has existence without grasping that he has a body, connection to body cannot be constitutive of the essence. (shrink)No categories
- Hume'sExperimentalMethod.Tamás Demeter -2012 -British Journal for the History of Philosophy 20 (3):577-599.In this article I attempt to reconstruct David Hume's use of the label ?experimental? to characterise hismethod in the Treatise. Although its meaning may strike the present-day reader as unusual, such a reconstruction is possible from the background of eighteenth-century practices and concepts of natural inquiry. As I argue, Hume's inquiries into human nature areexperimental not primarily because of the way the empirical data he uses are produced, but because of the way those data are (...) theoretically processed. He seems to follow amethod of analysis and synthesis quite similar to the one advertised in Newton's Opticks, which profoundly influenced eighteenth-century natural and moral philosophy. Thismethod brings him much closer to the methods of qualitative, chemical investigations than to mechanical approaches to both nature and human nature. (shrink)
- AnExperimentalMethod for Infusing Sts Into Secondary School Curricula.Richard F. Brinckerhoff -1985 -Bulletin of Science, Technology and Society 5 (2):130-137.No categories
- TOTimals: A controlledexperimentalmethod for studying tip-of-the-tongue states.Steven M. Smith,Jeffrey M. Brown &Stephen P. Balfour -1991 -Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society 29 (5):445-447.
- An introduction to theexperimentalmethod.James Maxwell Little -1961 - Minneapolis,: Burgess Pub. Co..Export citation Bookmark
- Theexperimentalmethod in biology.Edward Manier -1969 -Synthese 20 (2):185 - 205.
- Of the Chemical, orExperimentalMethod in the Social Science.John Stuart Mill -1872Export citation Bookmark
- Theexperimentalmethod and religious beliefs.Howard Dykema Roelofs -1929 -Mind 38 (150):184-206.
- The application ofexperimental methods in semantics.Oliver Bott,Sam Featherston,Janina Radã &Britta Stolterfoht -2019 - In Paul Portner, Klaus von Heusinger & Claudia Maienborn,Semantics: noun phrases, verb phrases and adjectives. Boston: De Gruyter.Export citation Bookmark
- TheExperimentalmethod in economics: old issues and new challenges.Daniel Serra -2012 -Revue de Philosophie Économique 13 (1):3-19.
- Evolving business ethics: integrity,experimentalmethod and responsible innovation in the digital age.Christoph Lütge &Marianne Thejls Ziegler (eds.) -2022 - Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler.Business ethics as a discipline has been evolving rapidly, and indeed needs to evolve constantly. This evolution is mandated more urgently than ever before as we plunge headlong, and with increasing velocity, into the era of automation, artificial intelligence and digitization. Ethical codes and guidelines are needed for educators, scientists, industries, law and policy makers, as well as for the general public engaged with emerging technologies not only to ensure a smooth transition into the autonomous and digital age, but also (...) to ensure that in the process, we do not unknowingly disengage from basic human rights, values and responsibilities. Traditional, time tested and universally accepted principles of (business) ethics, including principles of integrity, responsibility and sustainability must, therefore, not be abandoned, but rather permitted to evolve to address the unique issues that emerging technologies present to humankind. The envisaged volume brings together contributions in the field of business ethics from a diversity of perspectives and disciplines."--Cover page 4. (shrink)Export citation Bookmark
- (1 other version)The Development of TheExperimentalMethod.Haym Jaffe -1942 - In Francis Palmer Clarke & Milton Charles Nahm,Philosophical Essays: In Honor of Edgar Arthur Singer, Jr. London,: University of Pennsylvania Press. pp. 31-45.No categories
- Two thousand years after Archimedes, psychologist finds three topics that will simply not yield to theexperimentalmethod.B. Keith Payne &Mahzarin R. Banaji -2022 -Behavioral and Brain Sciences 45.Cesario argues that experiments cannot illuminate real group disparities because they leave out factors that operate in ordinary life. But what Cesario calls flaws are, in fact, the point of theexperimentalmethod. Of all the topics in science, we have to wonder why racial discrimination would be uniquely unsuited for investigating with experiments. The argument to give up the most powerful scientificmethod to study one of the hardest problems we confront is laughable.
- Geometry andExperimentalMethod in Locke, Newton and Kant.Mary Domski -2003 - Dissertation, Indiana UniversityHistorians of modern philosophy have been paying increasing attention to contemporaneous scientific developments. Isaac Newton's Principia is of course crucial to any discussion of the influence of scientific advances on the philosophical currents of the modern period, and two philosophers who have been linked especially closely to Newton are John Locke and Immanuel Kant. My dissertation aims to shed new light on the ties each shared with Newtonian science by treating Newton, Locke, and Kant simultaneously. I adopt Newton's philosophy of (...) geometry as the starting point of investigation, for here I believe we have a constructive means by which to assess Locke and Kant's relationship to Newton, In particular, I defend the thesis that the justification Newton, Locke and Kant offer for applying geometrical principles to nature is central to understanding their respective ties to a Newtonian science characterized by the intermingling of mathematics and experiment, Although little is said by Locke in regard to a mathematical approach to nature, I hope to show that his interpretation of the origins of our geometrical ideas has a close affinity to Newton's own characterization of geometry, leading us to reexamine the extent of Locke's 'Newtonianism.' Kant famously attempts to bridge the gap between geometry and the empirical world by establishing space as a "pure form of intuition." My discussion of Kant's Newtonian approach to nature centers on the imagination, and I argue that the mediating work completed by this faculty in geometrical construction and experience in general is equally important to understanding Kant's application of geometry to the empirical realm, In the end, I hope my treatment of the strategies employed by Newton, Locke, and Kant to account for a mathematical-experimentalmethod of natural philosophy sheds further light on the importance of Newton to the progress of modern philosophy. (shrink)Export citation Bookmark
- Philosophical Conceptual Analysis as anExperimentalMethod.Michael T. Stuart -2015 - In Thomas Gamerschlag, Doris Gerland, Rainer Osswald & Wiebke Petersen,Meaning, Frames, and Conceptual Representation. Düsseldorf University Press. pp. 267-292.Philosophical conceptual analysis is anexperimentalmethod. Focusing on this helps to justify it from the skepticism ofexperimental philosophers who follow Weinberg, Nichols & Stich. To explore theexperimental aspect of philosophical conceptual analysis, I consider a simpler instance of the same activity: everyday linguistic interpretation. I argue that this, too, isexperimental in nature. And in both conceptual analysis and linguistic interpretation, the intuitions considered problematic byexperimental philosophers are necessary but epistemically (...) irrelevant. They are like variables introduced into mathematical proofs which drop out before the solution. Or better, they are like the hypotheses that drive science, which do not themselves need to be true. In other words, it does not matter whether or not intuitions are accurate as descriptions of the natural kinds that undergird philosophical concepts; the aims of conceptual analysis can still be met. (shrink)
- Phenomenological analysis andexperimentalmethod in psychology – the problem of their compatibility.Carl F. Graumann -1988 -Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour 18 (1):33–50.
- Prescription, Description, and Hume'sExperimentalMethod.Hsueh Qu -2016 -British Journal for the History of Philosophy 24 (2):279-301.There seems a potential tension between Hume's naturalistic project and his normative ambitions. Hume adopts what I call a methodological naturalism: that is, the methodology of providing explanations for various phenomena based on natural properties and causes. This methodology takes the form of introducing ‘theexperimentalmethod of reasoning into moral subjects’, as stated in the subtitle of the Treatise; this ‘experimentalmethod’ seems a paradigmatically descriptive one, and it remains unclear how Hume derives genuinely normative (...) prescriptions from this methodology. In resolving this problem, I will argue that Hume's naturalistic methodology – that is, his ‘experimental philosophy’, or what has come to be known as hisexperimentalmethod – consists of the systematization of phenomena pertaining to human nature. In applying hisexperimentalmethod to normative subjects, Hume systematizes our normative judgements, deriving general principles of normative justification; he then reflexivel... (shrink)
- (2 other versions)A Treatise of Human Nature: Being an Attempt to Introduce theExperimentalMethod of Reasoning Into Moral Subjects.David Hume (ed.) -1738 - Cleveland,: Oxford University Press.A Treatise of Human Nature, David Hume's comprehensive attempt to base philosophy on a new, observationally grounded study of human nature, is one of the most important texts in Western philosophy. It is also the focal point of current attempts to understand 18th-century western philosophy. The Treatise addresses many of the most fundamental philosophical issues: causation, existence, freedom and necessity, and morality. The volume also includes Humes own abstract of the Treatise, a substantial introduction, extensive annotations, a glossary, a comprehensive (...) index, and suggestions for further reading. (shrink)
- Probability theory. II. postulates ofexperimentalmethod.C. W. Churchman -1945 -Philosophy of Science 12 (3):158-164.In order adequately to refute the charge that relativism makes against any absolute answer to problems of science, it will be necessary for us to generalize upon the principal theme and attempt a characterization ofexperimental methodology. Only by thus determining what constitutesexperimental inquiry in general can we hope to define that particular aspect of it which involves the concept of probability.
- Animism and Empiricism: Copernican Physics and the Origins of William Gilbert'sExperimentalMethod.John Henry -2001 -Journal of the History of Ideas 62 (1):99-119.In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:Journal of the History of Ideas 62.1 (2001) 99-119 [Access article in PDF] Animism and Empiricism: Copernican Physics and the Origins of William Gilbert'sExperimentalMethod John Henry In the second year of this journal's run, way back in 1941, appeared Edgar Zilsel's classic and still widely cited paper on The Origins of William Gilbert'sExperimentalMethod. 1 Focusing on Gilbert's De magnete of 1600, (...) undoubtedly a seminal text in the history of theexperimentalmethod, 2 Zilsel argued that Gilbert borrowed his methodology from elite craftsmen, artisans, and other manual workers involved in mining, smelting, smithing, compass making, navigation, sailing, and other activities which involved working with iron or with magnets. 3 On its appearance the paper contributed to a growing and still continuing debate in the history of science about the relative importance of scholars and craftsmen in the origins of modern science. Although Zilsel's general thesis has been critically evaluated in terms of that wider debate, 4 his very specific claims about the [End Page 99] role of elite craftsmen in providing Gilbert with a ready-madeexperimentalmethod, have never been properly considered. This paper attempts to reassess Zilsel's claims about the origin of Gilbert'sexperimentalmethod and, in so doing, to arrive at a richer understanding of what Gilbert was trying to do in De magnete and to suggest an alternative source for his experimentalism.The first thing to note about Zilsel's argument is that it had two strands. 5 One of these pointed to actualexperimental techniques used by Gilbert and showed that they can all be found in earlier writings on magnets. To be more specific, the techniques in question are to be found either in the thirteenth-century "Letter on the Magnet" written by Petrus Pergrinus or Pierre de Maricourt, first published in 1558, or in The Newe Attractive, a work on the magnetic compass written by a retired mariner, Robert Norman, first published in 1581 but reprinted three times before 1600. 6 The second strand did not involve experiments at all, with one notable exception, but simply implied or suggested that Gilbert'sexperimental techniques must have been inspired by miners and foundrymen, or navigators and instrument makers. The problem here, as others have objected, 7 is that it is by no means clear that elite craftsmen were engaged in performing experiments in anything like the sense of the word required for the argument to cut any ice. For Zilsel, however, "we cannot doubt that many of [the miners and foundrymen of the period], stimulated to improvements by economic competition, were wont to try new techniques and to observe natural processes." 8 A few sentences later we are told that it is "obvious" that "among such manual labourers there were experimentalists, though experimentalists with practical aims only and without theoretical knowledge." 9 [End Page 100]The philosopher of science at this point might legitimately want to suggest that an experiment is not an experiment unless it is testing a theory, but we do not have to enter into such arguable niceties. 10 We can see that there is something profoundly tendentious in Zilsel's claims simply by reading on. At this point Zilsel mentioned the only experiment specifically referred to in this strand of his argumentation. Quoting Gilbert, Zilsel showed that Gilbert himself must have descended into a mine in order, as Zilsel says, "to verify the hypothesis" that the polarity of a magnet derives from the polarity of the earth: We had a twenty pounds' heavy loadstone dug and hauled out after having first observed and marked its ends in its vein. Then we put the stone in a wooden tub on water, so that it could turn freely. Immediately the surface which had looked to the North in the mine turned itself to the North on the water. 11Zilsel did not make the absurd claim that Gilbert must have seen miners doing this kind of experiment, but he did all he could to... (shrink)
- Prof. Jevons on mill'sexperimental methods.Robert Adamson -1878 -Mind 3 (11):415-417.
- Hume and theExperimentalMethod of Reasoning.Wade Robison -1994 -Southwest Philosophy Review 10 (1):29-37.
- The Progress of Scotland and theExperimentalMethod.Juan Gomez -2012 - In James Maclaurin,Rationis Defensor: Essays in Honour of Colin Cheyne. Springer. pp. 111-124.This paper looks into two Scottish Philosophical Societies of the Eighteenth century: The Philosophical Society of Edinburgh, and the Select Society of Edinburgh. I intend to show that they were planned, constructed, and carried out according to theexperimentalmethod of natural philosophy, and that it was this factor that enhanced the influence they had in the development of the country. An examination of the minute books, discourses, abstracts and question lists of these societies will provide enough evidence (...) to support the claim thatexperimental philosophy and itsmethod were the decisive factors for the developing and huge success of these societies. (shrink)
- Roger Bacon andexperimentalmethod in the middle ages.Lynn Thorndike -1914 -Philosophical Review 23 (3):271-298.
- Experimental Design: Ethics, Integrity and the ScientificMethod.Jonathan Lewis -2020 - In Ron Iphofen,Handbook of Research Ethics and Scientific Integrity. Springer. pp. 459-474.Experimental design is one aspect of a scientificmethod. A well-designed, properly conducted experiment aims to control variables in order to isolate and manipulate causal effects and thereby maximize internal validity, support causal inferences, and guarantee reliable results. Traditionally employed in the natural sciences,experimental design has become an important part of research in the social and behavioral sciences.Experimental methods are also endorsed as the most reliable guides to policy effectiveness. Through a discussion of some (...) of the central concepts associated withexperimental design, including controlled variation and randomization, this chapter will provide a summary of key ethical issues that tend to arise inexperimental contexts. In addition, by exploring assumptions about the nature of causation and by analyzing features of causal relationships, systems, and inferences in social contexts, this chapter will summarize the ways in whichexperimental design can undermine the integrity of not only social and behavioral research but policies implemented on the basis of such research. (shrink)
- " Subtle morphology" in Italy: Darwinism and theexperimentalmethod in the anatomical and embryological research of Francesco Todaro and Giovan Battista Grassi.A. Ottaviani -1997 -Giornale Critico Della Filosofia Italiana 17 (3):365-396.Export citation Bookmark
- An Excerpt from History of theExperimentalMethod in Italy.Raffaello Caverni -2001 -Science in Context 14 (s1):341-355.we consider this merit, however, to have almost no value in comparison to one which we wish to acquire from the offended worshippers of galileo. we announce to them that after having identified and reordered the scattered writings which complete the sixth dialogue as far as percussion is concerned, we were also able to reintegrate the dialogue with regard to the use of a little chain to provide a rule for aiming artillery, without having to resort to laborious calculations.
- A Treatise of Human Nature: Being an Attempt to Introduce theExperimentalMethod of Reasoning into Moral Subjects.Angela Coventry (ed.) -2023 - Peterborough, CA: Broadview Press.In his autobiography, David Hume famously noted that _A Treatise of Human Nature_ “fell dead-born from the press.” Yet it is now widely regarded as one of the greatest philosophical works written in the English language. Within, Hume offers an empirically informed account of human nature, addressing a range of topics such as space, time, causality, the external world, personal identity, passions, freedom, necessity, virtue, and vice. This edition includes not only the full text of the Treatise but also Hume’s (...) summarizing _Abstract_, as well as selections drawn from critical book reviews which showcase the work’s reception in Hume’s own time. Angela Coventry’s expert introduction and annotations serve to contextualize the book’s themes and arguments for modern readers. (shrink)
- Hume, Personal Identity, and theExperimentalMethod.Adam Grzeliński -2018 -Ruch Filozoficzny 74 (3):89.
- Raffaello Caverni and hisHistory of theExperimentalMethod in Italy.Giuseppe Castagnetti &Michele Camerota -2000 -Science in Context 13 (3-4):597-609.No categories
- An Excerpt fromHistory of theExperimentalMethod in Italy.Raffaello Caverni -2000 -Science in Context 13 (3-4):611-625.No categories
- Anticipations in Aristotle of the fourexperimental methods.William M. Dickie -1923 -Philosophical Review 32 (4):401-409.
- Social Change and Epistemic Thought.(Reflections on the Origins of theExperimentalMethod) in Scientific Knowledge Socialized.W. Krohn -1988 -Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 108:165-178.Export citation Bookmark
- A Treatise of Human Nature: Being an Attempt to Introduce theExperimentalMethod of Reasoning Into Moral Subjects.David Fate Norton &Mary J. Norton (eds.) -2000 - Oxford University Press.A Treatise of Human Nature, David Hume's comprehensive attempt to base philosophy on a new, observationally grounded study of human nature, is one of the most important texts in Western philosophy. It is also the focal point of current attempts to understand 18th-century western philosophy. The Treatise addresses many of the most fundamental philosophical issues: causation, existence, freedom and necessity, and morality. The volume also includes Humes own abstract of the Treatise, a substantial introduction, extensive annotations, a glossary, a comprehensive (...) index, and suggestions for further reading. (shrink)
- Experimental Philosophy, Rationalism, and Naturalism: Rethinking PhilosophicalMethod.Eugen Fischer &John Collins (eds.) -2015 - London: Routledge.Experimental philosophy is one of the most exciting and controversial philosophical movements today. This book explores how it is reshaping thought about philosophicalmethod.Experimental philosophy importsexperimental methods and findings from psychology into philosophy. These fresh resources can be used to develop and defend both armchair methods and naturalist approaches, on an empirical basis. This outstanding collection brings together leading proponents of this new meta-philosophical naturalism, from within and beyondexperimental philosophy. They explore how (...) the empirical study of philosophically relevant intuition and cognition transforms traditional philosophical approaches and facilitates fresh ones. Part One examines important uses of traditional "armchair" methods which are not threatened byexperimental work and develops empirically informed accounts of such methods that can potentially stand up toexperimental scrutiny. Part Two analyses different uses and rationales ofexperimental methods in several areas of philosophy and addresses the key methodological challenges toexperimental philosophy: Do its experiments target the intuitions that matter in philosophy? And how can they support conclusions about the rights and wrongs of philosophical views? Essential reading for students ofexperimental philosophy and metaphilosophy, _Experimental Philosophy, Rationalism, and Naturalism_ will also interest students and researchers in related areas such as epistemology and the philosophies of language, perception, mind and action, science and psychology. (shrink)
- Experimental philosophy and themethod of cases.Joachim Horvath &Steffen Koch -2020 -Philosophy Compass 16 (1):e12716.In this paper, we first briefly survey the main responses to the challenge thatexperimental philosophy poses to themethod of cases, given the common assumption that the latter is crucially based on intuitive judgments about cases. Second, we discuss two of the most popular responses in more detail: the expertise defense and the mischaracterization objection. Our take on the expertise defense is that the available empirical data do not support the claim that professional philosophers enjoy relevant expertise (...) in their intuitive judgments about cases. In contrast, the mischaracterization objection seems considerably more promising than its largely negative reception has suggested. We argue that the burden of proof is thus on philosophers who still hold that themethod of cases crucially relies on intuitive judgments about cases. Finally, we discuss whether conceptual engineering provides an alternative to themethod of cases in light of the challenge fromexperimental philosophy. We argue that this is not clearly the case, because conceptual engineering also requires descriptive information about the concepts it aims to improve. However, its primarily normative perspective on our concepts makes it largely orthogonal to the challenge fromexperimental philosophy, and it can also benefit from the empirical methods of the latter. (shrink)
- Revisiting the Pouchet–Pasteur controversy over spontaneous generation: understandingexperimentalmethod.Nils Roll-Hansen -2018 -History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences 40 (4):68.Louis Pasteur’s defeat of belief in spontaneous generation has been a classical rationalist example of how theexperimental approach of modern science can reveal superstition. Farley and Geison told a counter-story of how Pasteur’s success was due to political and ideological support rather than superiorexperimental science. They claimed that Pasteur violated proper norms of scientificmethod, and that the French Academy of Science did not see this, or did not want to. Farley and Geison argued that (...) Pouchet’s experiments were as valid as those of Pasteur. In this paper I argue that the core of the scientific debate was not general theories for or against spontaneous generation but the outcome of specific experiments. It was on the conduct of these experiments that the Academy made judgements favorable to Pasteur. Claude Bernard was a colleague of Pasteur, supportive and sometimes critical. I argue that Bernard’s fact-oriented methodology of “experimental medicine” is a better guide to explaining the controversy than the hypothetic-deductive view of scientificmethod typical of logical empiricism. (shrink)
- The Flying and the Masked Man, One More Time: Comments on Peter Adamson and Fedor Benevich, ‘The ThoughtExperimentalMethod: Avicenna's Flying Man Argument’.Jari Kaukua -2020 -Journal of the American Philosophical Association 6 (3):285-296.This is a critical comment on Adamson and Benevich, published in issue 4/2 of the Journal of the American Philosophical Association. I raise two closely related objections. The first concerns the objective of the flying man: instead of the question of what the soul is, I argue that the argument is designed to answer the question of whether the soul exists independently of the body. The second objection concerns the expected result of the argument: instead of knowledge about the quiddity (...) of soul, I claim the argument yields knowledge about the soul's existence independently of the body. After the objections, I turn to the masked man fallacy, claiming that although the Adamson-Benevich interpretation does save the argument from the fallacy, this comes at the cost of plausibility. I then give a more modest interpretation that both avoids the fallacy and is plausible. The paper concludes with a remark about the metaphysical possibility of the flying man. (shrink)No categories
- Projects and Methods ofExperimental Philosophy.Eugen Fischer &Justin Sytsma -2023 - In Alexander Max Bauer & Stephan Kornmesser,The Compact Compendium of Experimental Philosophy. Berlin and Boston: De Gruyter. pp. 39-70.How doesexperimental philosophy address philosophical questions and problems? That is: What projects doesexperimental philosophy pursue? What is their philosophical relevance? And what empirical methods do they employ? Answers to these questions will reveal howexperimental philosophy can contribute to the longstanding ambition of placing philosophy on the ‘secure path of a science’, as Kant put it. We argue thatexperimental philosophy has introduced a new methodological perspective – a ‘meta-philosophical naturalism’ that addresses philosophical questions (...) about a phenomenon by empirically investigating how people think about this phenomenon. This chapter asks how this novel perspective can be successfully implemented: How can the empirical investigation of how people think about something address genuinely philosophical problems? And what methods – and, specifically, what methods beyond the questionnaire – can this investigation employ? We first review core projects ofexperimental philosophy and raise the question of their philosophical relevance. For ambitious answers, we turn toexperimental philosophy’s most direct historical precursor, mid-20th century ordinary language philosophy, and discuss empirical implementations of two of its research programmes that useexperimental methods from psycholinguistics and corpus methods from the digital humanities. (shrink)
- Book Review: Brannigan, A. (2004). The Rise and Fall of Social Psychology: The Use and Misuse ofExperimentalMethod. New York: Aldine de Gruyter. [REVIEW]John Wettersten -2008 -Philosophy of the Social Sciences 38 (4):551-560.
- English engineer John Smeaton'sexperimentalmethod(s): Optimisation, hypothesis testing and exploratory experimentation.Andrew M. A. Morris -2021 -Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A 89 (C):283-294.
- A Treatise of Humean Nature: Being an Attempt to Introduce theExperimentalMethod of Reasoning Into The Metaphysics of Laws; And, Dialogues Concerning Natural Philosophy.Dewar Neil &James Weatherall -manuscriptNo categories
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Area Editors:
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Gwen Bradford
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James Chase
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Jonathan Ichikawa
Monte Johnson
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Brandon Look
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Matthew McGrath
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Susana Nuccetelli
Giuseppe Primiero
Jack Alan Reynolds
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