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This study maintains that China's system ofeconomic planning tends to mitigate the trade-off betweeneconomicgrowth and equity that has been found to prevail in the early stages of development in most less developed countries. The analysis focuses on the Chinese leadership's attempt to improveeconomic efficiency by decentralizingeconomic management without encouraging, as a consequence, increasedeconomic inequality among different regions. By examining the budgetary and planning process, focusing in particular on the (...) fiscal relations between the centre and the far-reaching degree of resource redistribution undertaken by the central government through its control of interprovincial and intersectoral resource transfers. Professor Lardy's analysis highlights the essential features of Chineseeconomicgrowth and relates these to the experience of both developing and Soviet-type economies. (shrink)

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The concept of social entrepreneurship emerged as a significant factor that contributes toward public welfare and prosperity. Recent studies showed that social entrepreneurship influences theeconomicgrowth and sustainability of the state. Therefore, the underlying aim of this study was to investigate the impact of social entrepreneurship on sustainableeconomicgrowth and value creation. This study also undertook to observe the mediating role of innovation in the relationship between social entrepreneurship and sustainableeconomicgrowth (...) and between social entrepreneurship and value creation. A questionnaire technique was adopted to obtain data from 343 tour operators in China. The Smart-PLS software was used to analyze the data through the aid of a structural equation modelling (SEM) technique. The results revealed that social entrepreneurship has an effect on sustainableeconomicgrowth and value creation. The results also demonstrated that innovation has an effect on sustainableeconomicgrowth and value creation. Moreover, it was also observed that innovation mediated the relationship between social entrepreneurship and sustainableeconomicgrowth and between social entrepreneurship and value creation. Theoretically, this study made a valuable contribution by examining the impact of social entrepreneurship on sustainableeconomicgrowth and value creation and innovation as a mediator. In terms of practical implications, this study would certainly aid the policymakers to devise policies and strategies aim to encourage and promote social entrepreneurship. Moreover, future studies can introduce other mediating and moderating variables in order to gain a deeper insight into the phenomenon. (shrink)

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The BRICS nations (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) aim to achieve Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 1 (poverty eradication) and SDG 8 (sustainableeconomicgrowth), yet the moderating role of governance in artificial intelligence (AI)-poverty-growth nexus remains underexplored. Therefore, this study investigates the AI-poverty-economicgrowth nexus in selected BRICS-Plus countries (2012–2023), with governance as a moderating variable, using the Cross-Sectional Augmented Autoregressive Distributed Lag (CS-ARDL) technique. The results show a long-term equilibrium among variables, with (...) unidirectional causality: (i) fromgrowth to AI, and (ii) from AI to poverty and governance quality. The findings highlight AI’s transformative potential in tackling poverty and governance issues, witheconomicgrowth enabling AI advancements. This underscores the critical need to integrate AI within governance frameworks to address development challenges effectively. The short-run CS-ARDL results for thegrowth model indicate that AI and governance boostgrowth, though their interaction diminishes AI's impact. In the long-run, both sustaingrowth, with stricter governance moderating AI's potential. For the poverty model, AI increases poverty in the short-run, while governance reduces poverty by improving resource allocation and mitigating AI's impacts. The interaction between AI and governance highlights their role in moderating AI’s adverse effects. In the long-run, AI modestly worsens poverty, while governance alleviates poverty by promotinggrowth and redistributing AI-driven gains. The policy implications stress improving governance to balance AI’seconomic benefits and mitigate poverty, emphasizing equitable resource allocation to harness AI’s potential for sustainablegrowth. (shrink)

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The study aims to measure the link between CSR andeconomicgrowth. This study investigates whether CSR expenses shown by the banks are contributing to the sustainability of an emerging economy like India. For this study, CSR spending of 21 commercial banks, on nine development areas of the Indian economy, the human development index of India, and its indicators along with thegrowth rate of GDP of India and state-wise GDP for the year 2014-2015 to 2017-2018 have (...) been taken as secondary data. The research techniques used are the case analysis method, correlation, and descriptive analysis. The study highlights that CSR activities are more of a myth and a far-reaching possibility in developing nations like India, where most institutions are engrossed in such activities to gain laurels and secure investors from the globe. (shrink)

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It might be conjectured that new models of regionaleconomic development, combined with the emerging understanding of multifunctional agriculture, would suggest a new and perhaps more optimistic perspective on the potential of agriculture as an engine of regionaleconomicgrowth. My purpose here is begin the process of surveying the relevant literature, unraveling the arguments and gleaning evidence from the published empirical record, and drawing-out some implications that may help focus our deliberations over the next few days.

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The spillovers in knowledge among largely college-educated workers were among the key reasons for the impressive degree ofeconomicgrowth and spread of entrepreneurship in the United States during the 1990s. Prior 'industrial policies' in the 1970s and 1980s did not advancegrowth because these were based on outmoded large manufacturing models. Zoltan Acs and Catherine Armington use a knowledge spillover theory of entrepreneurship to explain new firm formation rates in regional economies during the 1990s period and (...) beyond. The fastest-growing regions are those that have the highest rates of new firm formation, and which are not dominated by large businesses. The authors of this text also find support for the thesis that knowledge spillovers move across industries and are not confined within a single industry. As a result, they suggest, regional policies to encourage and sustaingrowth should focus on entrepreneurship among other factors. (shrink)

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Ever since Adam Smith, economists have been preoccupied with the puzzle ofeconomicgrowth. The standard mainstream models ofeconomicgrowth were and often still are based either on assumptions of diminishing returns on capital with technological innovation or on endogenous dynamics combined with a corresponding technological and institutional setting. An alternative model ofeconomicgrowth emerged from the Cambridge School of Keynesian economists in the 1950s and 1960s. This model - developed mainly by (...) Luigi Pasinetti - emphasizes the importance of demand, human learning and thegrowth dynamics of industrial systems. Finally, in the past decade, new mainstream models have emerged incorporating technology or demand-based structural change and extending the notion of balancedgrowth. This collection of essays reassesses Pasinetti's theory of structural dynamics in the context of these recent developments, with contributions from economists writing in both the mainstream and the Cambridge Keynesian traditions and including Luigi Pasinetti, William Baumol, Geoffrey Harcourt and Nobel laureate Robert Solow. (shrink)

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Must we always pursueeconomicgrowth? Kogelmann answers yes. Not only should poor countries pursuegrowth, but rich countries should as well. Kogelmann aims to provide awealth-insensitive argument– one demonstrating all countries should pursuegrowth regardless of their wealth. His central argument – the no haltinggrowth (NHG) argument – says no country experiencinggrowth should stop it, because doing so requires undermining the conditions causing it and those conditions are independently morally desirable, so (...) they should not be undermined. For countries not growing, he may argue that they have an obligation to implement the conditions that causegrowth because they are independently morally desirable. Call this the implementation argument. I contend that neither argument is wealth-insensitive as each fails to establish an obligation to pursuegrowth. I attempt to diagnose how this could be and propose that it is a product of attempting to answer three questions aboutgrowth simultaneously. (shrink)

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A simple exogenousgrowth model gives conservative estimates of theeconomic implications of machine intelligence. Machines complement human labor when they become more productive at the jobs they perform, but machines also substitute for human labor by taking over human jobs. At first, expensive hardware and software does only the few jobs where computers have the strongest advantage over humans. Eventually, computers do most jobs. At first, complementary effects dominate, and human wages rise with computer productivity. But eventually (...) substitution can dominate, making wages fall as fast as computer prices now do. An intelligence population explosion makes per-intelligence consumption fall this fast, whileeconomicgrowth rates rise by an order of magnitude or more. These results are robust to automating incrementally, and to distinguishing hardware, software, and human capital from other forms of capital. (shrink)

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The global coronavirus pandemic has had an impact on the socio-economic development of the world. The article assesses theeconomicgrowth in the EAEU member States for 2020. Specific features of the development of the Union's economies are defined. Recommendations for increasing the rate ofeconomicgrowth are formulated.

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Why pursueeconomicgrowth? For poor countries this is an easy question to answer, but it is more difficult for rich ones. Some of the world's greatest philosophers and economists – such as John Stuart Mill, John Maynard Keynes, and John Rawls – thought that, once a certain material standard of well-being has been achieved,economicgrowth should stop. I argue the opposite in this article. We always have reason to pursueeconomicgrowth. My (...) argument is indirect. I shall not argue thateconomic growthitselfis always better. Rather, I shall argue thatstoppinggrowth requires morally objectionable actions.Economicgrowth tends to occur naturally if certain underlying conditions are in place. We have moral reasons to insist on these conditions independent their effect ongrowth, however. Haltinggrowth requires that we alter these conditions, but we ought not do this. (shrink)

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Must a society aim indefinitely for continuedeconomicgrowth? Proponents ofeconomicgrowth advance three central challenges to the idea that a society, having attained high levels of income and wealth, may justly cease to pursue furthereconomicgrowth: if environmentally sustainable and the gains fairly distributed, first, continuedeconomicgrowth could make everyone within a society and globally, and especially the worst off, progressively better off; second, the pursuit ofeconomic (...)growth spurs ongoing innovation, which enhances people’s opportunities and protects a society against future risks; and third, continuedeconomicgrowth fosters attitudes of openness, tolerance, and generosity, which are essential to the functioning of a liberal democratic society. This article grants these challenges’ normative foundations, to show that, even if one accepts their underlying premises as requirements of justice, a society may still justly cease to aim foreconomicgrowth, so long as it continues to aim for and realize gains on other dimensions. I argue that, while continuedeconomicgrowth might instrumentally serve valuable ends, it is not necessary for their realization, as a society can achieve these ends through other means. (shrink)

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The question that motivates this article has been a matter of dispute: Is it possible to combine perpetualeconomicgrowth and longterm environmental sustainability based on the premise thateconomicgrowth can be fully decoupled from negative environmental impacts? The article addresses this question from the position of critical realism. An empirical study focusing on the housing sector is conducted, indicating that housing stockgrowth andeconomicgrowth have been, at best, weakly decoupled (...) from environmental impacts. In the long run, it seems implausible that the degree of decoupling can be increased at a rate sufficient to compensate for continualgrowth in the volume of housing stock. A further elaboration of the topic at an ontological level leads to the conclusion that continualeconomicgrowth and long-term environmental sustainability can hardly be combined. Content Type Journal Article Category Article Pages 438-461 DOI 10.1558/jcr.v11i4.438 Authors Jin Xue, Department of Development and Planning, Aalborg University Journal Journal of Critical Realism Online ISSN 1572-5138 Print ISSN 1476-7430 Journal Volume Volume 11 Journal Issue Volume 11, Number 4 / 2012. (shrink)

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Neo-liberal economics is built upon the claim that the freedom to pursue one's self-interest and rational choice leads toeconomicgrowth and development. Against this background neo-liberal economists and policymakers endeavoured to universalise this claim, and insistently argue that appropriateeconomic policies produce the same results regardless of cultural values. Accordingly, developing countries are often advised to embrace the neo-liberaleconomic credo for them to escape from the trap of underdevelopment. However, theeconomic success of (...) South East Asia on the one hand and the failure ofeconomic development in sub-Saharan Africa on the other, are increasingly proving that the 'economic' argument cannot be taken dogmatically: self-interest and rationality do not seem to be the sufficient explanations foreconomic development. One other avenue to be taken seriously is the link between cultural values andeconomic development. After viewing the principle of self-interest against its historico-cultural background, I consider this link in the African context, and argue that, although they cannot be taken as the sole factor, people's cultural beliefs and values are crucial foreconomic development.Economicgrowth and development need to be a substantiation of a people's beliefs and values. In African value system, this substantiation could lead to what one would call 'ubuntu economy' in which the state, the markets and the people are all agents, and not patients, in the process ofeconomicgrowth and development. (shrink)

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This article explores how the liberal tradition of political thought has dealt with the prospect of limits toeconomicgrowth and how it should approach this issue in the future. Using Andrew Moravcsik's explanatory liberal theory, it finds that the commitment of governments togrowth stems primarily from the aggregation of societal preferences for the social goods thatgrowth produces. The arguments of liberal thinkers who have grappled with the issue ofgrowth are then examined (...) to gain a deeper theoretical understanding of the relationship between liberal democracy andgrowth. These include John Stuart Mill, for whom a non-growing economy was essential for overcoming the tension between liberty and equality; Ronald Dworkin, who argues thatgrowth is a derivative means to further more fundamental ends; and Marcel Wissenburg, who suggests that it is legitimate for liberal democracies to limit the preference forgrowth if it risks undermining liberal norms and institutions. Using these theoretical insights, it is argued that environmental degradation, which is partly driven bygrowth, now threatens the fundamental liberal commitments of many liberals, including some forms of state neutralism, utilitarianism, inalienable individual rights and above all human autonomy. Therefore, liberal democratic states not only can, but must move towards a post-growth economy to secure these objectives into the future. (shrink)

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Financial crises have become an all-too-common occurrence over the past twenty years, largely as a result of changes in finance brought about by increasing internationalization and integration. As domestic financial systems and economies become more interlinked, weaknesses can significantly impact not only individual economies but also markets, financial intermediaries and economies around the world. This volume addresses the twin objectives of financial development in the context of financial stability and the role of law in supporting both. Financial stability (frequently seen (...) as the avoidance of financial crisis) has become an objective of the international financial architecture as well as individual economies and central banks. At the same time, financial development is now seen to play an important role ineconomicgrowth. In both financial stability and financial development, law and related institutions have a central role. (shrink)

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Economicgrowth is determined by the supply and demand of investment capital; technology determines the demand for capital; while human nature determines the supply. The supply curve has two distinct parts; giving the world economy two distinct modes. In the familiar slowgrowth mode; rates of return are limited by human discount rates. In the fastgrowth mode; investment is limited by the world's wealth. Historical trends suggest that we may transition to the fast mode in (...) roughly another century and a half. Can some new technology switch us to the fast mode more quickly than this? Perhaps; but such a technology must greatly raise the rate of return for the world's expected worst investment project. It must thus be very broadly applicable; improving almost all forms of capital and investment. Furthermore; investment externalities must remain within certain limits. (shrink)

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In this article, I address a controversial aspect of Rawls’s treatment of the question of justice between generations: how the parties in the original position could be motivated to select Rawls’s preferred principle of intergenerational savings, which he dubs the just savings principle. I focus on the explanation found in his later work, where he proposes that the correct savings principle is the principle that any generation would have wanted preceding generations to have followed. By expanding upon this explanation, I (...) respond to the objection that this explanation disregards the perspective of the first generation. I demonstrate that this objection ceases to be a concern when a proper account of the parties’ reasoning is developed. What is notable about the explanation I defend is that it relies on the parties adopting maximax – not maximin – as a rule for rational decision making. Having established this intermediary conclusion, I depart with Rawls and consider what savings principle the parties would choose if given more options. Ultimately, I argue that the parties would select a principle that Rawls would have undoubtedly rejected if presented to him at face value. This is because the principle of savings I argue would be selected requires continualeconomicgrowth over generations to increase upwards indefinitely – a conclusion Rawls is explicitly trying to avoid in his theory of justice. (shrink)

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By a "developed" economy, people roughly mean ones with a high, persistently-growing per-captia income which is not simply based on resource extraction (i.e., oil) or remittances or rentierism — an industrial (or, if there is such a thing, post-industrial) economy which makes most of its participants reasonably and increasingly prosperous. While there are of course differences among them --- the United States is not New Zealand, which is not Belgium, which is not Finland, which is not Japan --- they are (...) all more similar to each other than they are to the vast variety of "undeveloped", "under-developed", or (most optimistically) "developing" economies across the world. (Some people refer to the developed countries as "the North" and the others as "the South"; this drives me up the wall, if only from looking at where China and Australia are on the map.) Economies in the first category tend to stay there; so, sadly, do countries in the second. Development economics is the sub-discipline of economics which attempts to study how economies which have not attained this happy condition can be made to do so, and the factors which hold others back. (shrink)

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This paper examines the spatial spillover effects of public transportation infrastructure on regional economy in Northeast China, the “rust belt” region in China. The dataset consists of socioeconomic data from 47 cities in the area during the period of year 2005 through 2015. Accessibility is used as an explanatory variable to reflect the influence of infrastructure oneconomic development. In order to avoid the endogenous, queen contiguity matrix is used to define the spatial weight matrix. In the paper, the (...) dynamic panel data model is also used to explore the effects of high-speed railways in the whole study area and attempted to confirm the spatial differences among Heilongjiang Province, Jilin Province, and Liaoning Province. The results show that the high-speed railways increase the cities’ connection in terms of accessibility, and a significant positive spillover effect exists after the construction of high-speed railways, indicating the extensiveeconomic benefits of HSR construction, despite of the overalleconomic difficulty experienced by this region. (shrink)

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Environmentalists have long claimed it is unjust for the state to prioritizeeconomic interests over environmental ones by sacrificing ecosystem integrity and functioning to unsustainably expand the economy. Recently, mainstream environmentalists have moved to a more conciliatory approach highlighting the common ground between environmental andeconomic goals. They today claim processes ofeconomicgrowth and development can be made just if they become green. This paper explores the question: should states pursue “greengrowth”? Although some (...) critics claim greengrowth is impossible, I maintain it is. I theorize three conditions that must be met for an instance ofgrowth to be truly considered green. That a development project is green, however, does not automatically ensure it is just. Justice considerations remain in adjudicating the competing interests of different groups of stakeholders. I then examine four reasonable approaches to resolving controversies over the pursuit of greengrowth: cost-benefit analysis, sufficientarianism, democracy, and pluralism. I conclude a liberal pluralist form of decision-making is best for ensuring fairness. (shrink)

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Comparison ofeconomicgrowth in mixed economy and socialisteconomic systems - reviewseconomic theories thereon, provides a framework for theeconomic analysis of acceleration ofgrowth under different initial conditions and for introducing political choice into theeconomic planning process, includes work on the selection of investment projects in a planning context, as implemented in Poland, and emphasizes political aspects ofeconomic problems.

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As in other sciences, aneconomic experiment is an artificial situation created by a researcher for the purpose of answering one or more scientific questions. Experiments of various types are used in economics to understand the causes of poverty and how it might be alleviated. The methods can identify causal relationships between variables and thereby isolate factors that can lead to poverty as well as to document the behavioral consequences of poverty. Experiments can also be used to provide test (...) beds for proposed policies to alleviate poverty. This essay describes a variety of ways in which experiments have been employed to understand and combat poverty. A line of laboratory experiments that considers whicheconomic institutions are conducive toeconomicgrowth is discussed in detail. The results show that decentralized markets are conducive to allowing an economy to operate as efficiently as it can. However, in an economy with a theoretical “poverty trap,” the market works more efficiently if accompanied by a democratic voting process and freedom of communication. (shrink)

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This work aims to study strategies used in Argentine local development experiences, focussing on industrial design, marketing and entrepreneurship. In order to this purpose, backgrounds are analysed with this approach adding the study of three strategic plans for national and provincial-level that are currently in force. With the analysis of the transport system in the last decade, an accelerated cost increase is evident, resulting in a relatively higher price of distributed products. This situation that was initially perceived as a disadvantage (...) finally set up an opportunity to produce locally. The goal of this paper is to provide tools that contribute to the work shipped by key institutions for local development (public, private and intermediary organisations), and the way these interact with the actors and the territory. In particular, the identification of productive sectors and the selection of goods that can be produced and consumed locally, as a key input for the formulation of projects. (shrink)

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THIS ESSAY MAKES AN ETHICAL CASE FOR UNBOUNDED BUT NOT UNLIMitedeconomicgrowth. The preliminary case for suchgrowth is its correlation with significant reductions in global poverty and the wealth that is created byeconomicgrowth. The essay then seeks to show that opposition togrowth often rests on controversial assumptions about the nature of markets and productivity. I challenge these assumptions by presenting two important developments ineconomic theory: newgrowth (...) theory, especially as related to the work of economist Paul Romer, and evolutionary economics, a trajectory that has evolved into "complexity economics." An ethic of "creative abundance" is presented as a framework from within which to evaluate the prescriptive claims of the essay. (shrink)

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This article examines the means by which Malaysian governments have been relatively successful in pursuing botheconomic development and social equity. These advances have been remarkable, given Malaysia's history of colonial servitude and racial and ethnic tensions. The authors' examination of governmenteconomic and social policies notes the importance of strong political leadership that is committed to creating a national identity through consensus building. In pursuing these social objectives, successive governments have also played an active and transparent role (...) in fosteringeconomicgrowth and development. However, a number of problems remain as Malaysia continues to follow these social andeconomic policies. (shrink)

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This paper explores the relationship between exportgrowth andeconomicgrowth in the case of Pakistan by employing time series data for the period 1971- 2013. This study has incorporated variables like GDP exports, imports and Foreign Direct Investment. We have applied ARDL to co-integration and Error Correction Model. The study provides the evidence of stationary time series variables, the existence of the long - run relationship between them, and the result of ECM revealed short rum equilibrium (...) adjustment. Pakistan has many options for enhancing the export of the country. There is a dire need to minimize trade barriers and restrictions such as import and export quotas. Government of Pakistan had introduced Structural Reforms for liberalization, privatization and de-regulation which will actually shifted the trend of trade at a significant level in the end of 1980s. Low levels of interest rate can help exportable industries in which investments are needed to promote and enhance the exports. Stable exchange rate is the first and the best policy option for increasing the export and managing the imports. There is a cause and effect relationship between exchange rate and FDI. Pakistan has to immediately find the policies and processes that support logistics and facilitates trade. (shrink)

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Are societies required to pursue continualeconomicgrowth as a matter of justice? In “The Value ofEconomicGrowth”, Julie Rose considers three arguments in favor of the need for continualeconomicgrowth, each of which revolves around the instrumental value ofeconomicgrowth for promoting an important good that is needed for a just society. In each case, Rose argues that there are mechanisms other thaneconomicgrowth that could (...) allow a society to deliver the relevant goods, and thus meet the demands of justice with respect to those goods. I raise a set of issues for Rose’s argument that put pressure on the normative significance of her discussion. At the heart of these issues are ones about which possibilities Rose considers and which idealizations she makes. These issues tie into more general questions about the aims and methodology of normative work in social/political philosophy. Thus, in addition to being a contribution to the debate over the politics ofeconomicgrowth, this paper can be understood partly as a case study in how reflection on these kinds of issues – ones about modality, idealization, and methodology – can matter to how we evaluate specific arguments in social/political philosophy. (shrink)

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The development of the endogenousgrowth model rekindled interest ingrowth theory. In contrast to the neo-classical model, long-run endogenousgrowth emerged as an equilibrium outcome, reflecting the behaviour of optimizing agents in the economy. This book brings together a number of contributions ingrowth theory and macroeconomic dynamics, reflecting these developments and the ongoing debate over the relative merits of neo-classical and endogenousgrowth models. It focuses on the emergence of three important aspects: First, (...) it developsgrowth models that extend the underlying theory in different directions. Second, it addresses one of the concerns of the literature ongrowth and dynamics: the statistical properties of underlying data and the effort to ensure thatgrowth models are consistent with empirical evidence. Third, it discusses the increasingly international focus of macrodynamics andgrowth theory, an inevitable consequence of the integration of the world economy. (shrink)

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As the answer to sustainability concerns, greeneconomicgrowth has gradually attracted considerable attention. Notably, the optimization of the institutional environment contributes to greeneconomicgrowth from the perspective of new institutional economics. However, few studies have systematically explained the connection between the institutional environment and greengrowth. In this study, the institutional environment was divided into three dimensions: governmental, legal, and cultural subenvironments. We adopted econometric models with the effect of every dimension on green (...)growth and empirically analyzed with the generalized method of moments, based on Chinese provincial panel data from the years 2000–2016. The results indicated that there was an inverted U-shaped relationship between China’s institutional environment and its greengrowth. That is, the institutional environment can initially promote China’s greengrowth but, if it is not changed, will eventually inhibit it. In addition, the analysis on the three dimensions of the institutional environment highlighted that the role of the cultural subenvironment in greengrowth is greater than those of the governmental and legal subenvironments. (shrink)

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China's domestic labor market has limited demand for tertiary graduates due to an unbalanced industrial structure, with a weak contribution toeconomic performance over the past decade. This study estimates the asymmetric effects of higher education progress (highly educated employed workforce), higher education utilization (highly educated unemployed workforce), and the separate effects of higher education utilization interactions with high-tech industries oneconomicgrowth in China from 1980 to 2020. Using a Nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lag (NARDL) model, this (...) study finds that the expansion of higher education progress (the employed workforce with higher education) promoteseconomicgrowth, while contraction of higher education progress (employed workforce with higher education) reduceseconomicgrowth. Likewise, an increase in higher education utilization (the unemployed labor force with higher education) suppresseseconomicgrowth, while a decline in the higher education utilization (the unemployed labor force with higher education) promoteseconomicgrowth. The study also found that the expansion of high-tech industries and government spending on education significantly stimulateeconomicgrowth. The moderating role of higher education utilization (unemployed labor force with higher education) in the impact of high-tech industries oneconomicgrowth is significantly positive. This study strategically proposes that China's higher-educated unemployed labor force can be adjusted to high-tech industries, which need to be developed equally in all regions. Moreover, the country is required to invest more in higher education and the development of high technological industries across all regions, thus may lead to highereconomicgrowth. (shrink)

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Many American progressives consider themselves both liberals and environmentalists, and, though the organisations representing these two causes should be working together, they rarely do. Moreover, the emerging split over the role ofeconomicgrowth could push liberal and environmentalist leaders further apart. This lecture discusses how to bridge the gap between liberals and environmentalists by fusing progressive causes into a common agenda. The two causes are not, as many believe, mutually exclusive, but are instead mutually supportive: liberals need (...) environmentalists to succeed and environmentalists need liberals to succeed. (shrink)

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