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#NAME

perltoc - perl documentation table of contents

#DESCRIPTION

This page provides a brief table of contents for the rest of the Perl documentation set. It is meant to be scanned quickly or grepped through to locate the proper section you're looking for.

#BASIC DOCUMENTATION

#perl - Practical Extraction and Report Language

#SYNOPSIS

#Overview
#Tutorials
#Reference Manual
#Internals and C Language Interface
#Miscellaneous
#Language-Specific
#Platform-Specific

#DESCRIPTION

#AVAILABILITY

#ENVIRONMENT

#AUTHOR

#FILES

#SEE ALSO

#DIAGNOSTICS

#BUGS

#NOTES

#perlintro -- a brief introduction and overview of Perl

#DESCRIPTION

#What is Perl?
#Running Perl programs
#Basic syntax overview
#Perl variable types: Scalars, Arrays, Hashes
#Variable scoping
#Conditional and looping constructs: if, while, for, foreach
#Builtin operators and functions: Arithmetic, Numeric comparison, String comparison, Boolean logic, Miscellaneous
#Files and I/O
#Regular expressions: Simple matching, Simple substitution, More complex regular expressions, Parentheses for capturing, Other regexp features
#Writing subroutines
#OO Perl
#Using Perl modules

#AUTHOR

#perlreftut - Mark's very short tutorial about references

#DESCRIPTION

#Who Needs Complicated Data Structures?

#The Solution

#Syntax

#Making References
#Using References
#An Example
#Arrow Rule

#Solution

#The Rest

#Summary

#Credits

#Distribution Conditions

#perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook

#DESCRIPTION

arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes, more elaborate constructs

#REFERENCES

#COMMON MISTAKES

#CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE

#WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYSuse strict

#DEBUGGING

#CODE EXAMPLES

#ARRAYS OF ARRAYS

#Declaration of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
#Generation of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
#Access and Printing of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS

#HASHES OF ARRAYS

#Declaration of a HASH OF ARRAYS
#Generation of a HASH OF ARRAYS
#Access and Printing of a HASH OF ARRAYS

#ARRAYS OF HASHES

#Declaration of an ARRAY OF HASHES
#Generation of an ARRAY OF HASHES
#Access and Printing of an ARRAY OF HASHES

#HASHES OF HASHES

#Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES
#Generation of a HASH OF HASHES
#Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES

#MORE ELABORATE RECORDS

#Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
#Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
#Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS

#Database Ties

#SEE ALSO

#AUTHOR

#perllol - Manipulating Arrays of Arrays in Perl

#DESCRIPTION

#Declaration and Access of Arrays of Arrays
#Growing Your Own
#Access and Printing
#Slices

#SEE ALSO

#AUTHOR

#perlrequick - Perl regular expressions quick start

#DESCRIPTION

#The Guide

#Simple word matching
#Using character classes
#Matching this or that
#Grouping things and hierarchical matching
#Extracting matches
#Matching repetitions
#More matching
#Search and replace
#The split operator

#BUGS

#SEE ALSO

#AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

#Acknowledgments

#perlretut - Perl regular expressions tutorial

#DESCRIPTION

#Part 1: The basics

#Simple word matching
#Using character classes
#Matching this or that
#Grouping things and hierarchical matching
#Extracting matches
#Matching repetitions
#Building a regexp
#Using regular expressions in Perl

#Part 2: Power tools

#More on characters, strings, and character classes
#Compiling and saving regular expressions
#Embedding comments and modifiers in a regular expression
#Non-capturing groupings
#Looking ahead and looking behind
#Using independent subexpressions to prevent backtracking
#Conditional expressions
#A bit of magic: executing Perl code in a regular expression
#Pragmas and debugging

#BUGS

#SEE ALSO

#AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

#Acknowledgments

#perlboot - Beginner's Object-Oriented Tutorial

#DESCRIPTION

#If we could talk to the animals...
#Introducing the method invocation arrow
#Invoking a barnyard
#The extra parameter of method invocation
#Calling a second method to simplify things
#Inheriting the windpipes
#A few notes about @ISA
#Overriding the methods
#Starting the search from a different place
#The SUPER way of doing things
#Where we're at so far...
#A horse is a horse, of course of course -- or is it?
#Invoking an instance method
#Accessing the instance data
#How to build a horse
#Inheriting the constructor
#Making a method work with either classes or instances
#Adding parameters to a method
#More interesting instances
#A horse of a different color
#Summary

#SEE ALSO

#COPYRIGHT

#perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl

#DESCRIPTION

#Creating a Class

#Object Representation
#Class Interface
#Constructors and Instance Methods
#Planning for the Future: Better Constructors
#Destructors
#Other Object Methods

#Class Data

#Accessing Class Data
#Debugging Methods
#Class Destructors
#Documenting the Interface

#Aggregation

#Inheritance

#Overridden Methods
#Multiple Inheritance
#UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects

#Alternate Object Representations

#Arrays as Objects
#Closures as Objects

#AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods

#Autoloaded Data Methods
#Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods

#Metaclassical Tools

#Class::Struct
#Data Members as Variables

#NOTES

#Object Terminology

#SEE ALSO

#AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

#COPYRIGHT

#Acknowledgments

#perltooc - Tom's OO Tutorial for Class Data in Perl

#DESCRIPTION

#Class Data in a Can

#Class Data as Package Variables

#Putting All Your Eggs in One Basket
#Inheritance Concerns
#The Eponymous Meta-Object
#Indirect References to Class Data
#Monadic Classes
#Translucent Attributes

#Class Data as Lexical Variables

#Privacy and Responsibility
#File-Scoped Lexicals
#More Inheritance Concerns
#Locking the Door and Throwing Away the Key
#Translucency Revisited

#NOTES

#SEE ALSO

#AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

#ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

#HISTORY

#perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT)

#DESCRIPTION
#OO SCALING TIPS
#INSTANCE VARIABLES
#SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES
#INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE
#OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS
#OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS
#USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM
#THINKING OF CODE REUSE
#CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT
#INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR
#DELEGATION
#SEE ALSO

#perlstyle - Perl style guide

#DESCRIPTION

#perlcheat - Perl 5 Cheat Sheet

#DESCRIPTION

#The sheet

#ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

#AUTHOR

#SEE ALSO

#perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary

#DESCRIPTION

#Awk Traps
#C/C++ Traps
#Sed Traps
#Shell Traps
#Perl Traps
#Perl4 to Perl5 Traps: Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps, Parsing Traps, Numerical Traps, General data type traps, Context Traps - scalar, list contexts, Precedence Traps, General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc, Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps, OS Traps, DBM Traps, Unclassified Traps
#Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps: Discontinuance, Deprecation, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix, Discontinuance, Deprecation, Discontinuance, Discontinuance
#Parsing Traps: Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing
#Numerical Traps: Numerical, Numerical, Numerical, Bitwise string ops
#General data type traps: (Arrays), (Arrays), (Hashes), (Globs), (Globs), (Scalar String), (Constants), (Scalars), (Variable Suicide)
#Context Traps - scalar, list contexts: (list context), (scalar context), (scalar context), (list, builtin)
#Precedence Traps: Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence
#General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc.: Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression
#Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps: (Signals), (Sort Subroutine), warn() won't let you specify a filehandle
#OS Traps: (SysV), (SysV)
#Interpolation Traps: Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation
#DBM Traps: DBM, DBM
#Unclassified Traps: require/do trap using returned value,split on empty string with LIMIT specified

#perldebtut - Perl debugging tutorial

#DESCRIPTION
#use strict
#Looking at data and -w and v
#help
#Stepping through code
#Placeholder for a, w, t, T
#REGULAR EXPRESSIONS
#OUTPUT TIPS
#CGI
#GUIs
#SUMMARY
#SEE ALSO
#AUTHOR
#CONTRIBUTORS

#perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date: 2003/01/31 17:37:17 $)

#DESCRIPTION

#Where to get the perlfaq
#How to contribute to the perlfaq
#What will happen if you mail your Perl programming problems to the authors

#Credits

#Author and Copyright Information

#Bundled Distributions
#Disclaimer

#Table of Contents

perlfaq - this document, perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl, perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl, perlfaq3 - Programming Tools, perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation, perlfaq5 - Files and Formats, perlfaq6 - Regular Expressions, perlfaq7 - General Perl Language Issues, perlfaq8 - System Interaction, perlfaq9 - Networking

#The Questions

#perlfaq1: General Questions About Perl
#perlfaq2: Obtaining and Learning about Perl
#perlfaq3: Programming Tools
#perlfaq4: Data Manipulation
#perlfaq5: Files and Formats
#perlfaq6: Regular Expressions
#perlfaq7: General Perl Language Issues
#perlfaq8: System Interaction
#perlfaq9: Networking

#perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 1.14 $, $Date: 2003/11/23 08:02:29 $)

#DESCRIPTION

#What is Perl?
#Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it free?
#Which version of Perl should I use?
#What are perl4 and perl5?
#What is Ponie?
#What is perl6?
#How stable is Perl?
#Is Perl difficult to learn?
#How does Perl compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX, Scheme, or Tcl?
#Can I do [task] in Perl?
#When shouldn't I program in Perl?
#What's the difference between "perl" and "Perl"?
#Is it a Perl program or a Perl script?
#What is a JAPH?
#Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms?
#How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version 5/5.6.1/Perl instead of some other language?

#AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

#perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision: 1.25 $, $Date: 2003/10/16 04:57:38 $)

#DESCRIPTION

#What machines support Perl? Where do I get it?
#How can I get a binary version of Perl?
#I don't have a C compiler on my system. How can I compile perl?
#I copied the Perl binary from one machine to another, but scripts don't work.
#I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make it work?
#What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is CPAN? What does CPAN/src/... mean?
#Is there an ISO or ANSI certified version of Perl?
#Where can I get information on Perl?
#What are the Perl newsgroups on Usenet? Where do I post questions?
#Where should I post source code?
#Perl Books: References, Tutorials, Task-Oriented, Special Topics
#Perl in Magazines
#Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW Access
#What mailing lists are there for Perl?
#Archives of comp.lang.perl.misc
#Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl?
#Where do I send bug reports?
#What is perl.com? Perl Mongers? pm.org? perl.org? cpan.org?

#AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

#perlfaq3 - Programming Tools ($Revision: 1.37 $, $Date: 2003/11/24 19:55:50 $)

#DESCRIPTION

#How do I do (anything)?
#How can I use Perl interactively?
#Is there a Perl shell?
#How do I find which modules are installed on my system?
#How do I debug my Perl programs?
#How do I profile my Perl programs?
#How do I cross-reference my Perl programs?
#Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl?
#Is there a ctags for Perl?
#Is there an IDE or Windows Perl Editor?: Komodo, The Object System, Open Perl IDE, PerlBuilder, visiPerl+, OptiPerl, GNU Emacs, MicroEMACS, XEmacs, Jed, Elvis, Vile, Vim, Codewright, MultiEdit, SlickEdit, Bash, Ksh, Tcsh, Zsh, BBEdit and BBEdit Lite, Alpha
#Where can I get Perl macros for vi?
#Where can I get perl-mode for emacs?
#How can I use curses with Perl?
#How can I use X or Tk with Perl?
#How can I generate simple menus without using CGI or Tk?
#How can I make my Perl program run faster?
#How can I make my Perl program take less memory?: Don't slurp!, Use map and grep selectively, Avoid unnecessary quotes and stringification, Pass by reference, Tie large variables to disk
#Is it safe to return a reference to local or lexical data?
#How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks?
#How can I make my CGI script more efficient?
#How can I hide the source for my Perl program?
#How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C?
#How can I compile Perl into Java?
#How can I get#!perl to work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]?
#Can I write useful Perl programs on the command line?
#Why don't Perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system?
#Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl?
#Where can I learn about object-oriented Perl programming?
#Where can I learn about linking C with Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp]
#I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl in my C program; what am I doing wrong?
#When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does it mean?
#What's MakeMaker?

#AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

#perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 1.54 $, $Date: 2003/11/30 00:50:08 $)

#DESCRIPTION

#Data: Numbers

#Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999) instead of the numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)?
#Why is int() broken?
#Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly?
#Does Perl have a round() function? What about ceil() and floor()? Trig functions?
#How do I convert between numeric representations/bases/radixes?: How do I convert hexadecimal into decimal, How do I convert from decimal to hexadecimal, How do I convert from octal to decimal, How do I convert from decimal to octal, How do I convert from binary to decimal, How do I convert from decimal to binary
#Why doesn't & work the way I want it to?
#How do I multiply matrices?
#How do I perform an operation on a series of integers?
#How can I output Roman numerals?
#Why aren't my random numbers random?
#How do I get a random number between X and Y?

#Data: Dates

#How do I find the day or week of the year?
#How do I find the current century or millennium?
#How can I compare two dates and find the difference?
#How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds?
#How can I find the Julian Day?
#How do I find yesterday's date?
#Does Perl have a Year 2000 problem? Is Perl Y2K compliant?

#Data: Strings

#How do I validate input?
#How do I unescape a string?
#How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters?
#How do I expand function calls in a string?
#How do I find matching/nesting anything?
#How do I reverse a string?
#How do I expand tabs in a string?
#How do I reformat a paragraph?
#How can I access or change N characters of a string?
#How do I change the Nth occurrence of something?
#How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within a string?
#How do I capitalize all the words on one line?
#How can I split a [character] delimited string except when inside [character]?
#How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string?
#How do I pad a string with blanks or pad a number with zeroes?
#How do I extract selected columns from a string?
#How do I find the soundex value of a string?
#How can I expand variables in text strings?
#What's wrong with always quoting "$vars"?
#Why don't my <<HERE documents work?: There must be no space after the << part, There (probably) should be a semicolon at the end, You can't (easily) have any space in front of the tag

#Data: Arrays

#What is the difference between a list and an array?
#What is the difference between $array[1] and @array[1]?
#How can I remove duplicate elements from a list or array?: a), b), c), d), e)
#How can I tell whether a certain element is contained in a list or array?
#How do I compute the difference of two arrays? How do I compute the intersection of two arrays?
#How do I test whether two arrays or hashes are equal?
#How do I find the first array element for which a condition is true?
#How do I handle linked lists?
#How do I handle circular lists?
#How do I shuffle an array randomly?
#How do I process/modify each element of an array?
#How do I select a random element from an array?
#How do I permute N elements of a list?
#How do I sort an array by (anything)?
#How do I manipulate arrays of bits?
#Why does defined() return true on empty arrays and hashes?

#Data: Hashes (Associative Arrays)

#How do I process an entire hash?
#What happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while iterating over it?
#How do I look up a hash element by value?
#How can I know how many entries are in a hash?
#How do I sort a hash (optionally by value instead of key)?
#How can I always keep my hash sorted?
#What's the difference between "delete" and "undef" with hashes?
#Why don't my tied hashes make the defined/exists distinction?
#How do I reset an each() operation part-way through?
#How can I get the unique keys from two hashes?
#How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM file?
#How can I make my hash remember the order I put elements into it?
#Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash create it?
#How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++ class/hash or array of hashes or arrays?
#How can I use a reference as a hash key?

#Data: Misc

#How do I handle binary data correctly?
#How do I determine whether a scalar is a number/whole/integer/float?
#How do I keep persistent data across program calls?
#How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure?
#How do I define methods for every class/object?
#How do I verify a credit card checksum?
#How do I pack arrays of doubles or floats for XS code?

#AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

#perlfaq5 - Files and Formats ($Revision: 1.30 $, $Date: 2003/11/23 08:07:46 $)

#DESCRIPTION

#How do I flush/unbuffer an output filehandle? Why must I do this?
#How do I change one line in a file/delete a line in a file/insert a line in the middle of a file/append to the beginning of a file?
#How do I count the number of lines in a file?
#How can I use Perl's-i option from within a program?
#How do I make a temporary file name?
#How can I manipulate fixed-record-length files?
#How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How do I pass filehandles between subroutines? How do I make an array of filehandles?
#How can I use a filehandle indirectly?
#How can I set up a footer format to be used with write()?
#How can I write() into a string?
#How can I output my numbers with commas added?
#How can I translate tildes (~) in a filename?
#How come when I open a file read-write it wipes it out?
#Why do I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use <*>?
#Is there a leak/bug in glob()?
#How can I open a file with a leading ">" or trailing blanks?
#How can I reliably rename a file?
#How can I lock a file?
#Why can't I just open(FH, ">file.lock")?
#I still don't get locking. I just want to increment the number in the file. How can I do this?
#All I want to do is append a small amount of text to the end of a file. Do I still have to use locking?
#How do I randomly update a binary file?
#How do I get a file's timestamp in perl?
#How do I set a file's timestamp in perl?
#How do I print to more than one file at once?
#How can I read in an entire file all at once?
#How can I read in a file by paragraphs?
#How can I read a single character from a file? From the keyboard?
#How can I tell whether there's a character waiting on a filehandle?
#How do I do atail -f in perl?
#How do I dup() a filehandle in Perl?
#How do I close a file descriptor by number?
#Why can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths? Why doesn't `C:\temp\foo.exe` work?
#Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files?
#Why does Perl let me delete read-only files? Why does-i clobber protected files? Isn't this a bug in Perl?
#How do I select a random line from a file?
#Why do I get weird spaces when I print an array of lines?

#AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

#perlfaq6 - Regular Expressions ($Revision: 1.20 $, $Date: 2003/01/03 20:05:28 $)

#DESCRIPTION

#How can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible and unmaintainable code?: Comments Outside the Regex, Comments Inside the Regex, Different Delimiters
#I'm having trouble matching over more than one line. What's wrong?
#How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are themselves on different lines?
#I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn't work. What's wrong?
#How do I substitute case insensitively on the LHS while preserving case on the RHS?
#How can I make\w match national character sets?
#How can I match a locale-smart version of/[a-zA-Z]/?
#How can I quote a variable to use in a regex?
#What is/o really for?
#How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a file?
#Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text?
#What does it mean that regexes are greedy? How can I get around it?
#How do I process each word on each line?
#How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency summary?
#How can I do approximate matching?
#How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at once?
#Why don't word-boundary searches with\b work for me?
#Why does using $&, $`, or $' slow my program down?
#What good is\G in a regular expression?
#Are Perl regexes DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant?
#What's wrong with using grep in a void context?
#How can I match strings with multibyte characters?
#How do I match a pattern that is supplied by the user?

#AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

#perlfaq7 - General Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 1.15 $, $Date: 2003/07/24 02:17:21 $)

#DESCRIPTION

#Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language?
#What are all these $@%&* punctuation signs, and how do I know when to use them?
#Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use semicolons and commas?
#How do I skip some return values?
#How do I temporarily block warnings?
#What's an extension?
#Why do Perl operators have different precedence than C operators?
#How do I declare/create a structure?
#How do I create a module?
#How do I create a class?
#How can I tell if a variable is tainted?
#What's a closure?
#What is variable suicide and how can I prevent it?
#How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, Array, Hash, Method, Regex}?: Passing Variables and Functions, Passing Filehandles, Passing Regexes, Passing Methods
#How do I create a static variable?
#What's the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping? Between local() and my()?
#How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly named lexical is in scope?
#What's the difference between deep and shallow binding?
#Why doesn't "my($foo) = <FILE>;" work right?
#How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or method?
#What's the difference between calling a function as &foo and foo()?
#How do I create a switch or case statement?
#How can I catch accesses to undefined variables, functions, or methods?
#Why can't a method included in this same file be found?
#How can I find out my current package?
#How can I comment out a large block of perl code?
#How do I clear a package?
#How can I use a variable as a variable name?
#What does "bad interpreter" mean?

#AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

#perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 1.17 $, $Date: 2003/01/26 17:44:04 $)

#DESCRIPTION

#How do I find out which operating system I'm running under?
#How come exec() doesn't return?
#How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse?: Keyboard, Screen, Mouse
#How do I print something out in color?
#How do I read just one key without waiting for a return key?
#How do I check whether input is ready on the keyboard?
#How do I clear the screen?
#How do I get the screen size?
#How do I ask the user for a password?
#How do I read and write the serial port?: lockfiles, open mode, end of line, flushing output, non-blocking input
#How do I decode encrypted password files?
#How do I start a process in the background?: STDIN, STDOUT, and STDERR are shared, Signals, Zombies
#How do I trap control characters/signals?
#How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix system?
#How do I set the time and date?
#How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second?
#How can I measure time under a second?
#How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception handling)
#Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)? What does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean?
#How can I call my system's unique C functions from Perl?
#Where do I get the include files to do ioctl() or syscall()?
#Why do setuid perl scripts complain about kernel problems?
#How can I open a pipe both to and from a command?
#Why can't I get the output of a command with system()?
#How can I capture STDERR from an external command?
#Why doesn't open() return an error when a pipe open fails?
#What's wrong with using backticks in a void context?
#How can I call backticks without shell processing?
#Why can't my script read from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix, ^Z on MS-DOS)?
#How can I convert my shell script to perl?
#Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp session?
#How can I write expect in Perl?
#Is there a way to hide perl's command line from programs such as "ps"?
#I {changed directory, modified my environment} in a perl script. How come the change disappeared when I exited the script? How do I get my changes to be visible?: Unix
#How do I close a process's filehandle without waiting for it to complete?
#How do I fork a daemon process?
#How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not?
#How do I timeout a slow event?
#How do I set CPU limits?
#How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system?
#How do I use an SQL database?
#How do I make a system() exit on control-C?
#How do I open a file without blocking?
#How do I install a module from CPAN?
#What's the difference between require and use?
#How do I keep my own module/library directory?
#How do I add the directory my program lives in to the module/library search path?
#How do I add a directory to my include path (@INC) at runtime?
#What is socket.ph and where do I get it?

#AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

#perlfaq9 - Networking ($Revision: 1.15 $, $Date: 2003/01/31 17:36:57 $)

#DESCRIPTION

#What is the correct form of response from a CGI script?
#My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. (500 Server Error)
#How can I get better error messages from a CGI program?
#How do I remove HTML from a string?
#How do I extract URLs?
#How do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a file on another machine?
#How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML?
#How do I fetch an HTML file?
#How do I automate an HTML form submission?
#How do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web?
#How do I redirect to another page?
#How do I put a password on my web pages?
#How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl?
#How do I make sure users can't enter values into a form that cause my CGI script to do bad things?
#How do I parse a mail header?
#How do I decode a CGI form?
#How do I check a valid mail address?
#How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string?
#How do I return the user's mail address?
#How do I send mail?
#How do I use MIME to make an attachment to a mail message?
#How do I read mail?
#How do I find out my hostname/domainname/IP address?
#How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups?
#How do I fetch/put an FTP file?
#How can I do RPC in Perl?

#AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

#perlsyn - Perl syntax

#DESCRIPTION

#Declarations
#Comments
#Simple Statements
#Truth and Falsehood
#Statement Modifiers
#Compound Statements
#Loop Control
#For Loops
#Foreach Loops
#Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements
#Goto
#PODs: Embedded Documentation
#Plain Old Comments (Not!)

#perldata - Perl data types

#DESCRIPTION

#Variable names
#Context
#Scalar values
#Scalar value constructors
#List value constructors
#Subscripts
#Slices
#Typeglobs and Filehandles

#SEE ALSO

#perlop - Perl operators and precedence

#DESCRIPTION

#Operator Precedence and Associativity
#Terms and List Operators (Leftward)
#The Arrow Operator
#Auto-increment and Auto-decrement
#Exponentiation
#Symbolic Unary Operators
#Binding Operators
#Multiplicative Operators
#Additive Operators
#Shift Operators
#Named Unary Operators
#Relational Operators
#Equality Operators
#Bitwise And
#Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or
#C-style Logical And
#C-style Logical Or
#Range Operators
#Conditional Operator
#Assignment Operators
#Comma Operator
#List Operators (Rightward)
#Logical Not
#Logical And
#Logical or and Exclusive Or
#C Operators Missing From Perl: unary &, unary *, (TYPE)
#Quote and Quote-like Operators
#Regexp Quote-Like Operators: ?PATTERN?, m/PATTERN/cgimosx, /PATTERN/cgimosx, q/STRING/,'STRING', qq/STRING/, "STRING", qr/STRING/imosx, qx/STRING/, `STRING`, qw/STRING/, s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx, tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds, y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds, <<EOF
#Gory details of parsing quoted constructs: Finding the end, Removal of backslashes before delimiters, Interpolation,<<'EOF',m'',s''',tr///,y///,'',q//,"",``,qq//,qx//,<file*glob>,?RE?,/RE/,m/RE/,s/RE/foo/,, Interpolation of regular expressions, Optimization of regular expressions
#I/O Operators
#Constant Folding
#Bitwise String Operators
#Integer Arithmetic
#Floating-point Arithmetic
#Bigger Numbers

#perlsub - Perl subroutines

#SYNOPSIS

#DESCRIPTION

#Private Variables via my()
#Persistent Private Variables
#Temporary Values via local()
#Lvalue subroutines: Lvalue subroutines are EXPERIMENTAL
#Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs)
#When to Still Use local()
#Pass by Reference
#Prototypes
#Constant Functions
#Overriding Built-in Functions
#Autoloading
#Subroutine Attributes

#SEE ALSO

#perlfunc - Perl builtin functions

#DESCRIPTION

#Perl Functions by Category: Functions for SCALARs or strings, Regular expressions and pattern matching, Numeric functions, Functions for real @ARRAYs, Functions for list data, Functions for real %HASHes, Input and output functions, Functions for fixed length data or records, Functions for filehandles, files, or directories, Keywords related to the control flow of your perl program, Keywords related to scoping, Miscellaneous functions, Functions for processes and process groups, Keywords related to perl modules, Keywords related to classes and object-orientedness, Low-level socket functions, System V interprocess communication functions, Fetching user and group info, Fetching network info, Time-related functions, Functions new in perl5, Functions obsoleted in perl5
#Portability
#Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions: -X FILEHANDLE, -X EXPR, -X, abs VALUE, abs, accept NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET, alarm SECONDS, alarm, atan2 Y,X, bind SOCKET,NAME, binmode FILEHANDLE, LAYER, binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME, bless REF, caller EXPR, caller, chdir EXPR, chmod LIST, chomp VARIABLE, chomp( LIST ), chomp, chop VARIABLE, chop( LIST ), chop, chown LIST, chr NUMBER, chr, chroot FILENAME, chroot, close FILEHANDLE, close, closedir DIRHANDLE, connect SOCKET,NAME, continue BLOCK, cos EXPR, cos, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MASK, defined EXPR, defined, delete EXPR, die LIST, do BLOCK, do SUBROUTINE(LIST), do EXPR, dump LABEL, dump, each HASH, eof FILEHANDLE, eof (), eof, eval EXPR, eval BLOCK, exec LIST, exec PROGRAM LIST, exists EXPR, exit EXPR, exp EXPR, exp, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, fileno FILEHANDLE, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, format, formline PICTURE,LIST, getc FILEHANDLE, getc, getlogin, getpeername SOCKET, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, getgrnam NAME, gethostbyname NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getprotobyname NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getservbyname NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockname SOCKET, getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, gmtime EXPR, goto LABEL, goto EXPR, goto &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST, grep EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR, hex, import, index STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, index STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR, int, ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, join EXPR,LIST, keys HASH, kill SIGNAL, LIST, last LABEL, last, lc EXPR, lc, lcfirst EXPR, lcfirst, length EXPR, length, link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, listen SOCKET,QUEUESIZE, local EXPR, localtime EXPR, lock THING, log EXPR, log, lstat EXPR, lstat, m//, map BLOCK LIST, map EXPR,LIST, mkdir FILENAME,MASK, mkdir FILENAME, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, my EXPR, my TYPE EXPR, my EXPR : ATTRS, my TYPE EXPR : ATTRS, next LABEL, next, no Module VERSION LIST, no Module VERSION, no Module LIST, no Module, oct EXPR, oct, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR,LIST, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,REFERENCE, open FILEHANDLE, opendir DIRHANDLE,EXPR, ord EXPR, ord, our EXPR, our EXPR TYPE, our EXPR : ATTRS, our TYPE EXPR : ATTRS, pack TEMPLATE,LIST, package NAMESPACE, package, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, pop ARRAY, pop, pos SCALAR, pos, print FILEHANDLE LIST, print LIST, print, printf FILEHANDLE FORMAT, LIST, printf FORMAT, LIST, prototype FUNCTION, push ARRAY,LIST, q/STRING/, qq/STRING/, qr/STRING/, qx/STRING/, qw/STRING/, quotemeta EXPR, quotemeta, rand EXPR, rand, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, readdir DIRHANDLE, readline EXPR, readlink EXPR, readlink, readpipe EXPR, recv SOCKET,SCALAR,LENGTH,FLAGS, redo LABEL, redo, ref EXPR, ref, rename OLDNAME,NEWNAME, require VERSION, require EXPR, require, reset EXPR, reset, return EXPR, return, reverse LIST, rewinddir DIRHANDLE, rindex STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, rindex STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME, rmdir, s///, scalar EXPR, seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, seekdir DIRHANDLE,POS, select FILEHANDLE, select, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shift ARRAY, shift, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, shutdown SOCKET,HOW, sin EXPR, sin, sleep EXPR, sleep, socket SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, sort SUBNAME LIST, sort BLOCK LIST, sort LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH, splice ARRAY,OFFSET, splice ARRAY, split /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT, split /PATTERN/,EXPR, split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf FORMAT, LIST, format parameter index, flags, vector flag, (minimum) width, precision, or maximum width, size, order of arguments, sqrt EXPR, sqrt, srand EXPR, srand, stat FILEHANDLE, stat EXPR, stat, study SCALAR, study, sub NAME BLOCK, sub NAME (PROTO) BLOCK, sub NAME : ATTRS BLOCK, sub NAME (PROTO) : ATTRS BLOCK, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH,REPLACEMENT, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH, substr EXPR,OFFSET, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall NUMBER, LIST, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, sysseek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, system LIST, system PROGRAM LIST, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR, tell FILEHANDLE, tell, telldir DIRHANDLE, tie VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST, tied VARIABLE, time, times, tr///, truncate FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR, uc, ucfirst EXPR, ucfirst, umask EXPR, umask, undef EXPR, undef, unlink LIST, unlink, unpack TEMPLATE,EXPR, untie VARIABLE, unshift ARRAY,LIST, use Module VERSION LIST, use Module VERSION, use Module LIST, use Module, use VERSION, utime LIST, values HASH, vec EXPR,OFFSET,BITS, wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS, wantarray, warn LIST, write FILEHANDLE, write EXPR, write, y///

#perlopentut - tutorial on opening things in Perl

#DESCRIPTION

#Open à la shell

#Simple Opens
#Indirect Filehandles
#Pipe Opens
#The Minus File
#Mixing Reads and Writes
#Filters

#Open à la C

#Permissions à la mode

#Obscure Open Tricks

#Re-Opening Files (dups)
#Dispelling the Dweomer
#Paths as Opens
#Single Argument Open
#Playing with STDIN and STDOUT

#Other I/O Issues

#Opening Non-File Files
#Opening Named Pipes
#Opening Sockets
#Binary Files
#File Locking
#IO Layers

#SEE ALSO

#AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT

#HISTORY

#perlpacktut - tutorial on`pack` and`unpack`

#DESCRIPTION

#The Basic Principle

#Packing Text

#Packing Numbers

#Integers
#Unpacking a Stack Frame
#How to Eat an Egg on a Net
#Floating point Numbers

#Exotic Templates

#Bit Strings
#Uuencoding
#Doing Sums
#Unicode
#Another Portable Binary Encoding

#Template Grouping

#Lengths and Widths

#String Lengths
#Dynamic Templates
#Counting Repetitions

#Packing and Unpacking C Structures

#The Alignment Pit
#Alignment, Take 2
#Alignment, Take 3
#Pointers for How to Use Them

#Pack Recipes

#Funnies Section

#Authors

#perlpod - the Plain Old Documentation format

#DESCRIPTION

#Ordinary Paragraph
#Verbatim Paragraph
#Command Paragraph: =head1Heading Text,=head2Heading Text,=head3Heading Text,=head4Heading Text,=overindentlevel,=itemstuff...,=back,=cut,=pod,=beginformatname,=endformatname,=forformatnametext...,=encodingencodingname
#Formatting Codes: I<text> -- italic text,B<text> -- bold text,C<code> -- code text,L<name> -- a hyperlink,E<escape> -- a character escape,F<filename> -- used for filenames,S<text> -- text contains non-breaking spaces,X<topic name> -- an index entry,Z<> -- a null (zero-effect) formatting code
#The Intent
#Embedding Pods in Perl Modules
#Hints for Writing Pod

#SEE ALSO

#AUTHOR

#perlpodspec - Plain Old Documentation: format specification and notes

#DESCRIPTION
#Pod Definitions
#Pod Commands: "=head1", "=head2", "=head3", "=head4", "=pod", "=cut", "=over", "=item", "=back", "=begin formatname", "=end formatname", "=for formatname text...", "=encoding encodingname"
#Pod Formatting Codes: I<text> -- italic text,B<text> -- bold text,C<code> -- code text,F<filename> -- style for filenames,X<topic name> -- an index entry,Z<> -- a null (zero-effect) formatting code,L<name> -- a hyperlink,E<escape> -- a character escape,S<text> -- text contains non-breaking spaces
#Notes on Implementing Pod Processors
#About L<...> Codes: First:, Second:, Third:, Fourth:, Fifth:, Sixth:
#About =over...=back Regions
#About Data Paragraphs and "=begin/=end" Regions
#SEE ALSO
#AUTHOR

#perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter

#SYNOPSIS

#DESCRIPTION

##! and quoting on non-Unix systems: OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, Macintosh, VMS
#Location of Perl
#Command Switches: -0[octal/hexadecimal],-a,-C [number/list],-c,-d,-d:foo[=bar,baz],-Dletters,-Dnumber,-ecommandline,-Fpattern,-h,-i[extension],-Idirectory,-l[octnum],-m[-]module,-M[-]module,-M[-]'module ...',-[mM][-]module=arg[,arg]...,-n,-p,-P,-s,-S,-t,-T,-u,-U,-v,-V,-V:name,-w,-W,-X,-xdirectory

#ENVIRONMENT

HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5OPT, PERLIO, :bytes, :crlf, :mmap, :perlio, :pop, :raw, :stdio, :unix, :utf8, :win32, PERLIO_DEBUG, PERLLIB, PERL5DB, PERL5SHELL (specific to the Win32 port), PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS, PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL, PERL_DL_NONLAZY, PERL_ENCODING, PERL_HASH_SEED, PERL_HASH_SEED_DEBUG, PERL_ROOT (specific to the VMS port), PERL_SIGNALS, PERL_UNICODE, SYS$LOGIN (specific to the VMS port)

#perldiag - various Perl diagnostics

#DESCRIPTION

#perllexwarn - Perl Lexical Warnings

#DESCRIPTION

#Default Warnings and Optional Warnings
#What's wrong with-w and$^W
#Controlling Warnings from the Command Line: -w,-W,-X
#Backward Compatibility
#Category Hierarchy
#Fatal Warnings
#Reporting Warnings from a Module

#TODO

#SEE ALSO

#AUTHOR

#perldebug - Perl debugging

#DESCRIPTION

#The Perl Debugger

#Debugger Commands: h, h [command], h h, p expr, x [maxdepth] expr, V [pkg [vars]], X [vars], y [level [vars]], T, s [expr], n [expr], r, <CR>, c [line|sub], l, l min+incr, l min-max, l line, l subname, -, v [line], f filename, /pattern/, ?pattern?, L [abw], S [[!]regex], t, t expr, b, b [line] [condition], b subname [condition], b postpone subname [condition], b load filename, b compile subname, B line, B *, a [line] command, A line, A *, w expr, W expr, W *, o, o booloption .., o anyoption? .., o option=value .., < ?, < [ command ], < *, << command, > ?, > command, > *, >> command, { ?, { [ command ], { *, {{ command, ! number, ! -number, ! pattern, !! cmd, source file, H -number, q or ^D, R, |dbcmd, ||dbcmd, command, m expr, M, man [manpage]
#Configurable Options: recallCommand,ShellBang,pager,tkRunning,signalLevel,warnLevel,dieLevel,AutoTrace,LineInfo,inhibit_exit,PrintRet,ornaments,frame,maxTraceLen,windowSize,arrayDepth,hashDepth,dumpDepth,compactDump,veryCompact,globPrint,DumpDBFiles,DumpPackages,DumpReused,quote,HighBit,undefPrint,UsageOnly,TTY,noTTY,ReadLine,NonStop
#Debugger input/output: Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace, Line Listing Format, Frame listing
#Debugging compile-time statements
#Debugger Customization
#Readline Support
#Editor Support for Debugging
#The Perl Profiler

#Debugging regular expressions

#Debugging memory usage

#SEE ALSO

#BUGS

#perlvar - Perl predefined variables

#DESCRIPTION

#Predefined Names: $ARG, $_, $a, $b, $<digits>, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $`, $POSTMATCH, $', $LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, $^N, @LAST_MATCH_END, @+, $*, HANDLE->input_line_number(EXPR), $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $, IO::Handle->input_record_separator(EXPR), $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/, HANDLE->autoflush(EXPR), $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH, $|, IO::Handle->output_field_separator EXPR, $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,, IO::Handle->output_record_separator EXPR, $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS, $\, $LIST_SEPARATOR, $", $SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;, $#, HANDLE->format_page_number(EXPR), $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $%, HANDLE->format_lines_per_page(EXPR), $FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=, HANDLE->format_lines_left(EXPR), $FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $-, @LAST_MATCH_START, @-,$` is the same assubstr($var, 0, $-[0]),$& is the same assubstr($var, $-[0], $+[0] - $-[0]),$' is the same assubstr($var, $+[0]),$1 is the same assubstr($var, $-[1], $+[1] - $-[1]),$2 is the same assubstr($var, $-[2], $+[2] - $-[2]),$3 is the same assubstr $var, $-[3], $+[3] - $-[3]), HANDLE->format_name(EXPR), $FORMAT_NAME, $~, HANDLE->format_top_name(EXPR), $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^, IO::Handle->format_line_break_characters EXPR, $FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS, $:, IO::Handle->format_formfeed EXPR, $FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L, $ACCUMULATOR, $^A, $CHILD_ERROR, $?, ${^ENCODING}, $OS_ERROR, $ERRNO, $!, %!, $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E, $EVAL_ERROR, $@, $PROCESS_ID, $PID, $$, $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $<, $EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID, $>, $REAL_GROUP_ID, $GID, $(, $EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $), $PROGRAM_NAME, $0, $[, $], $COMPILING, $^C, $DEBUGGING, $^D, $SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F, $^H, %^H, $INPLACE_EDIT, $^I, $^M, $OSNAME, $^O, ${^OPEN}, $PERLDB, $^P, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80, 0x100, 0x200, 0x400, $LAST_REGEXP_CODE_RESULT, $^R, $EXCEPTIONS_BEING_CAUGHT, $^S, $BASETIME, $^T, ${^TAINT}, ${^UNICODE}, $PERL_VERSION, $^V, $WARNING, $^W, ${^WARNING_BITS}, $EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X, ARGV, $ARGV, @ARGV, ARGVOUT, @F, @INC, @_, %INC, %ENV, $ENV{expr}, %SIG, $SIG{expr}
#Error Indicators
#Technical Note on the Syntax of Variable Names

#BUGS

#perlre - Perl regular expressions

#DESCRIPTION

i, m, s, x

#Regular Expressions: [1], [2], [3], cntrl, graph, print, punct, xdigit
#Extended Patterns: (?#text),(?imsx-imsx),(?:pattern),(?imsx-imsx:pattern),(?=pattern),(?!pattern),(?<=pattern),(?<!pattern),(?{ code }),(??{ code }),(?>pattern),(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern),(?(condition)yes-pattern)
#Backtracking
#Version 8 Regular Expressions
#Warning on \1 vs $1
#Repeated patterns matching zero-length substring
#Combining pieces together: ST,S|T,S{REPEAT_COUNT},S{min,max},S{min,max}?,S?,S*,S+,S??,S*?,S+?,(?>S),(?=S),(?<=S),(?!S),(?<!S),(??{ EXPR }),(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)
#Creating custom RE engines

#BUGS

#SEE ALSO

#perlreref - Perl Regular Expressions Reference

#DESCRIPTION

#OPERATORS
#SYNTAX
#ESCAPE SEQUENCES
#CHARACTER CLASSES
#ANCHORS
#QUANTIFIERS
#EXTENDED CONSTRUCTS
#VARIABLES
#FUNCTIONS
#TERMINOLOGY

#AUTHOR

#SEE ALSO

#THANKS

#perlref - Perl references and nested data structures

#NOTE

#DESCRIPTION

#Making References
#Using References
#Symbolic references
#Not-so-symbolic references
#Pseudo-hashes: Using an array as a hash
#Function Templates

#WARNING

#SEE ALSO

#perlform - Perl formats

#DESCRIPTION

#Format Variables

#NOTES

#Footers
#Accessing Formatting Internals

#WARNINGS

#perlobj - Perl objects

#DESCRIPTION

#An Object is Simply a Reference
#A Class is Simply a Package
#A Method is Simply a Subroutine
#Method Invocation
#Indirect Object Syntax
#Default UNIVERSAL methods: isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
#Destructors
#Summary
#Two-Phased Garbage Collection

#SEE ALSO

#perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable

#SYNOPSIS

#DESCRIPTION

#Tying Scalars: TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, UNTIE this, DESTROY this
#Tying Arrays: TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE this, index, value, FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this, key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this, SHIFT this, UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST, UNTIE this, DESTROY this
#Tying Hashes: USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST, FETCH this, key, STORE this, key, value, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS this, key, FIRSTKEY this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, SCALAR this, UNTIE this, DESTROY this
#Tying FileHandles: TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, LIST, READ this, LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, UNTIE this, DESTROY this
#UNTIE this
#Theuntie Gotcha

#SEE ALSO

#BUGS

#AUTHOR

#perldbmfilter - Perl DBM Filters

#SYNOPSIS

#DESCRIPTION

filter_store_key,filter_store_value,filter_fetch_key,filter_fetch_value

#The Filter
#An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
#Another Example -- Key is a C int.

#SEE ALSO

#AUTHOR

#perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes, safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores)

#DESCRIPTION

#Signals

#Handling the SIGHUP Signal in Daemons

#Named Pipes

#Deferred Signals (Safe Signals): Long running opcodes, Interrupting IO, Restartable system calls, Signals as "faults", Signals triggered by operating system state

#Using open() for IPC

#Filehandles
#Background Processes
#Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent
#Safe Pipe Opens
#Bidirectional Communication with Another Process
#Bidirectional Communication with Yourself

#Sockets: Client/Server Communication

#Internet Line Terminators
#Internet TCP Clients and Servers
#Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers

#TCP Clients with IO::Socket

#A Simple Client: Proto,PeerAddr,PeerPort
#A Webget Client
#Interactive Client with IO::Socket

#TCP Servers with IO::Socket

Proto, LocalPort, Listen, Reuse

#UDP: Message Passing

#SysV IPC

#NOTES

#BUGS

#AUTHOR

#SEE ALSO

#perlfork - Perl's fork() emulation

#SYNOPSIS

#DESCRIPTION

#Behavior of other Perl features in forked pseudo-processes: $$ or $PROCESS_ID, %ENV, chdir() and all other builtins that accept filenames, wait() and waitpid(), kill(), exec(), exit(), Open handles to files, directories and network sockets
#Resource limits
#Killing the parent process
#Lifetime of the parent process and pseudo-processes
#CAVEATS AND LIMITATIONS: BEGIN blocks, Open filehandles, Forking pipe open() not yet implemented, Global state maintained by XSUBs, Interpreter embedded in larger application, Thread-safety of extensions

#BUGS

#AUTHOR

#SEE ALSO

#perlnumber - semantics of numbers and numeric operations in Perl

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION
#Storing numbers
#Numeric operators and numeric conversions
#Flavors of Perl numeric operations: Arithmetic operators, ++, Arithmetic operators duringuse integer, Other mathematical operators, Bitwise operators, Bitwise operators duringuse integer, Operators which expect an integer, Operators which expect a string
#AUTHOR
#SEE ALSO

#perlthrtut - tutorial on threads in Perl

#DESCRIPTION

#Status

#What Is A Thread Anyway?

#Threaded Program Models

#Boss/Worker
#Work Crew
#Pipeline

#What kind of threads are Perl threads?

#Thread-Safe Modules

#Thread Basics

#Basic Thread Support
#A Note about the Examples
#Creating Threads
#Waiting For A Thread To Exit
#Ignoring A Thread

#Threads And Data

#Shared And Unshared Data
#Thread Pitfalls: Races

#Synchronization and control

#Controlling access: lock()
#A Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks
#Queues: Passing Data Around
#Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access
#Basic semaphores
#Advanced Semaphores
#cond_wait() and cond_signal()
#Giving up control

#General Thread Utility Routines

#What Thread Am I In?
#Thread IDs
#Are These Threads The Same?
#What Threads Are Running?

#A Complete Example

#Different implementations of threads

#Performance considerations

#Process-scope Changes

#Thread-Safety of System Libraries

#Conclusion

#Bibliography

#Introductory Texts
#OS-Related References
#Other References

#Acknowledgements

#AUTHOR

#Copyrights

#perlothrtut - old tutorial on threads in Perl

#DESCRIPTION

#What Is A Thread Anyway?

#Threaded Program Models

#Boss/Worker
#Work Crew
#Pipeline

#Native threads

#What kind of threads are perl threads?

#Threadsafe Modules

#Thread Basics

#Basic Thread Support
#Creating Threads
#Giving up control
#Waiting For A Thread To Exit
#Errors In Threads
#Ignoring A Thread

#Threads And Data

#Shared And Unshared Data
#Thread Pitfall: Races
#Controlling access: lock()
#Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks
#Queues: Passing Data Around

#Threads And Code

#Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access: Basic semaphores, Advanced Semaphores
#Attributes: Restricting Access To Subroutines
#Subroutine Locks
#Methods
#Locking A Subroutine

#General Thread Utility Routines

#What Thread Am I In?
#Thread IDs
#Are These Threads The Same?
#What Threads Are Running?

#A Complete Example

#Conclusion

#Bibliography

#Introductory Texts
#OS-Related References
#Other References

#Acknowledgements

#AUTHOR

#Copyrights

#perlport - Writing portable Perl

#DESCRIPTION

Not all Perl programs have to be portable, Nearly all of Perl alreadyis portable

#ISSUES

#Newlines
#Numbers endianness and Width
#Files and Filesystems
#System Interaction
#Command names versus file pathnames
#Networking
#Interprocess Communication (IPC)
#External Subroutines (XS)
#Standard Modules
#Time and Date
#Character sets and character encoding
#Internationalisation
#System Resources
#Security
#Style

#CPAN Testers

Mailing list: cpan-testers@perl.org, Testing results: http://testers.cpan.org/

#PLATFORMS

#Unix
#DOS and Derivatives
#Mac OS
#VMS
#VOS
#EBCDIC Platforms
#Acorn RISC OS
#Other perls

#FUNCTION IMPLEMENTATIONS

#Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions: -X FILEHANDLE, -X EXPR, -X, binmode FILEHANDLE, chmod LIST, chown LIST, chroot FILENAME, chroot, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MODE, dump LABEL, exec LIST, exit EXPR, exit, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, getlogin, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, getgrnam NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostbyname, gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, kill SIGNAL, LIST, link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, lstat FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR, lstat, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, readlink EXPR, readlink, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, setgrent, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setpwent, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, sockatmark SOCKET, socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, stat FILEHANDLE, stat EXPR, stat, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, system LIST, times, truncate FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, umask EXPR, umask, utime LIST, wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS

#CHANGES

v1.48, 02 February 2001, v1.47, 22 March 2000, v1.46, 12 February 2000, v1.45, 20 December 1999, v1.44, 19 July 1999, v1.43, 24 May 1999, v1.42, 22 May 1999, v1.41, 19 May 1999, v1.40, 11 April 1999, v1.39, 11 February 1999, v1.38, 31 December 1998, v1.37, 19 December 1998, v1.36, 9 September 1998, v1.35, 13 August 1998, v1.33, 06 August 1998, v1.32, 05 August 1998, v1.30, 03 August 1998, v1.23, 10 July 1998

#Supported Platforms

#SEE ALSO

#AUTHORS / CONTRIBUTORS

#perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and localization)

#DESCRIPTION

#PREPARING TO USE LOCALES

#USING LOCALES

#The use locale pragma
#The setlocale function
#Finding locales
#LOCALE PROBLEMS
#Temporarily fixing locale problems
#Permanently fixing locale problems
#Permanently fixing your system's locale configuration
#Fixing system locale configuration
#The localeconv function
#I18N::Langinfo

#LOCALE CATEGORIES

#Category LC_COLLATE: Collation
#Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types
#Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting
#Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts
#LC_TIME
#Other categories

#SECURITY

#ENVIRONMENT

PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LANGUAGE, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MONETARY, LC_NUMERIC, LC_TIME, LANG

#NOTES

#Backward compatibility
#I18N:Collate obsolete
#Sort speed and memory use impacts
#write() and LC_NUMERIC
#Freely available locale definitions
#I18n and l10n
#An imperfect standard

#Unicode and UTF-8

#BUGS

#Broken systems

#SEE ALSO

#HISTORY

#perluniintro - Perl Unicode introduction

#DESCRIPTION

#Unicode
#Perl's Unicode Support
#Perl's Unicode Model
#Unicode and EBCDIC
#Creating Unicode
#Handling Unicode
#Legacy Encodings
#Unicode I/O
#Displaying Unicode As Text
#Special Cases
#Advanced Topics
#Miscellaneous
#Questions With Answers
#Hexadecimal Notation
#Further Resources

#UNICODE IN OLDER PERLS

#SEE ALSO

#ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

#AUTHOR, COPYRIGHT, AND LICENSE

#perlunicode - Unicode support in Perl

#DESCRIPTION

#Important Caveats: Input and Output Layers, Regular Expressions,use utf8 still needed to enable UTF-8/UTF-EBCDIC in scripts,use encoding needed to upgrade non-Latin-1 byte strings
#Byte and Character Semantics
#Effects of Character Semantics
#Scripts
#Blocks
#User-Defined Character Properties
#Character Encodings for Input and Output
#Unicode Regular Expression Support Level
#Unicode Encodings
#Security Implications of Unicode
#Unicode in Perl on EBCDIC
#Locales
#When Unicode Does Not Happen
#Forcing Unicode in Perl (Or Unforcing Unicode in Perl)
#Using Unicode in XS

#BUGS

#Interaction with Locales
#Interaction with Extensions
#Speed
#Porting code from perl-5.6.X

#SEE ALSO

#perlebcdic - Considerations for running Perl on EBCDIC platforms

#DESCRIPTION

#COMMON CHARACTER CODE SETS

#ASCII
#ISO 8859
#Latin 1 (ISO 8859-1)
#EBCDIC
#13 variant characters
#0037
#1047
#POSIX-BC
#Unicode code points versus EBCDIC code points
#Remaining Perl Unicode problems in EBCDIC
#Unicode and UTF
#Using Encode

#SINGLE OCTET TABLES

recipe 0, recipe 1, recipe 2, recipe 3, recipe 4, recipe 5, recipe 6

#IDENTIFYING CHARACTER CODE SETS

#CONVERSIONS

#tr///
#iconv
#C RTL

#OPERATOR DIFFERENCES

#FUNCTION DIFFERENCES

chr(), ord(), pack(), print(), printf(), sort(), sprintf(), unpack()

#REGULAR EXPRESSION DIFFERENCES

#SOCKETS

#SORTING

#Ignore ASCII vs. EBCDIC sort differences.
#MONO CASE then sort data.
#Convert, sort data, then re convert.
#Perform sorting on one type of machine only.

#TRANSFORMATION FORMATS

#URL decoding and encoding
#uu encoding and decoding
#Quoted-Printable encoding and decoding
#Caesarian ciphers

#Hashing order and checksums

#I18N AND L10N

#MULTI OCTET CHARACTER SETS

#OS ISSUES

#OS/400: PASE, IFS access
#OS/390, z/OS: chcp, dataset access, OS/390, z/OS iconv, locales
#VM/ESA?
#POSIX-BC?

#BUGS

#SEE ALSO

#REFERENCES

#HISTORY

#AUTHOR

#perlsec - Perl security

#DESCRIPTION

#Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data
#Switches On the "#!" Line
#Taint mode and @INC
#Cleaning Up Your Path
#Security Bugs
#Protecting Your Programs
#Unicode
#Algorithmic Complexity Attacks

#SEE ALSO

#perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables)

#DESCRIPTION

#Packages
#Symbol Tables
#BEGIN, CHECK, INIT and END
#Perl Classes
#Perl Modules
#Making your module threadsafe

#SEE ALSO

#perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones

#THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY

#Pragmatic Modules: attributes, attrs, autouse, base, bigint, bignum, bigrat, blib, bytes, charnames, constant, diagnostics, encoding, fields, filetest, if, integer, less, lib, locale, open, ops, overload, re, sigtrap, sort, strict, subs, threads, threads::shared, utf8, vars, vmsish, warnings, warnings::register
#Standard Modules: AnyDBM_File, Attribute::Handlers, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, B, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Concise, B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj, B::Stash, B::Terse, B::Xref, Benchmark, ByteLoader, CGI, CGI::Apache, CGI::Carp, CGI::Cookie, CGI::Fast, CGI::Pretty, CGI::Push, CGI::Switch, CGI::Util, CPAN, CPAN::FirstTime, CPAN::Nox, Carp, Carp::Heavy, Class::ISA, Class::Struct, Config, Cwd, DB, DB_File, Data::Dumper, Devel::DProf, Devel::PPPort, Devel::Peek, Devel::SelfStubber, Digest, Digest::MD5, Digest::base, DirHandle, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, Encode, Encode::Alias, Encode::Byte, Encode::CJKConstants, Encode::CN, Encode::CN::HZ, Encode::Config, Encode::EBCDIC, Encode::Encoder, Encode::Encoding, Encode::Guess, Encode::JP, Encode::JP::H2Z, Encode::JP::JIS7, Encode::KR, Encode::KR::2022_KR, Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::PerlIO, Encode::Supported, Encode::Symbol, Encode::TW, Encode::Unicode, Encode::Unicode::UTF7, English, Env, Errno, Exporter, Exporter::Heavy, ExtUtils::Command, ExtUtils::Command::MM, ExtUtils::Constant, ExtUtils::Embed, ExtUtils::Install, ExtUtils::Installed, ExtUtils::Liblist, ExtUtils::MM, ExtUtils::MM_Any, ExtUtils::MM_BeOS, ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin, ExtUtils::MM_DOS, ExtUtils::MM_MacOS, ExtUtils::MM_NW5, ExtUtils::MM_OS2, ExtUtils::MM_UWIN, ExtUtils::MM_Unix, ExtUtils::MM_VMS, ExtUtils::MM_Win32, ExtUtils::MM_Win95, ExtUtils::MY, ExtUtils::MakeMaker, ExtUtils::MakeMaker::FAQ, ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Tutorial, ExtUtils::MakeMaker::bytes, ExtUtils::MakeMaker::vmsish, ExtUtils::Manifest, ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap, ExtUtils::Mksymlists, ExtUtils::Packlist, ExtUtils::testlib, Fatal, Fcntl, File::Basename, File::CheckTree, File::Compare, File::Copy, File::DosGlob, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Path, File::Spec, File::Spec::Cygwin, File::Spec::Epoc, File::Spec::Functions, File::Spec::Mac, File::Spec::OS2, File::Spec::Unix, File::Spec::VMS, File::Spec::Win32, File::Temp, File::stat, FileCache, FileHandle, Filter::Simple, Filter::Util::Call, FindBin, GDBM_File, Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std, Hash::Util, I18N::Collate, I18N::LangTags, I18N::LangTags::List, I18N::Langinfo, IO, IO::Dir, IO::File, IO::Handle, IO::Pipe, IO::Poll, IO::Seekable, IO::Select, IO::Socket, IO::Socket::INET, IO::Socket::UNIX, IPC::Open2, IPC::Open3, IPC::SysV, IPC::SysV::Msg, IPC::SysV::Semaphore, List::Util, Locale::Constants, Locale::Country, Locale::Currency, Locale::Language, Locale::Maketext, Locale::Maketext::TPJ13, Locale::Script, MIME::Base64, MIME::Base64::QuotedPrint, Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt, Math::BigInt::Calc, Math::BigRat, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Memoize, Memoize::AnyDBM_File, Memoize::Expire, Memoize::ExpireFile, Memoize::ExpireTest, Memoize::NDBM_File, Memoize::SDBM_File, Memoize::Storable, NDBM_File, NEXT, Net::Cmd, Net::Config, Net::Domain, Net::FTP, Net::NNTP, Net::Netrc, Net::POP3, Net::Ping, Net::SMTP, Net::Time, Net::hostent, Net::libnetFAQ, Net::netent, Net::protoent, Net::servent, O, ODBM_File, Opcode, POSIX, PerlIO, PerlIO::encoding, PerlIO::scalar, PerlIO::via, PerlIO::via::QuotedPrint, Pod::Checker, Pod::Find, Pod::Functions, Pod::Html, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::LaTeX, Pod::Man, Pod::ParseLink, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Parser, Pod::Perldoc::ToChecker, Pod::Perldoc::ToMan, Pod::Perldoc::ToNroff, Pod::Perldoc::ToPod, Pod::Perldoc::ToRtf, Pod::Perldoc::ToText, Pod::Perldoc::ToTk, Pod::Perldoc::ToXml, Pod::PlainText, Pod::Plainer, Pod::Select, Pod::Text, Pod::Text::Color, Pod::Text::Overstrike, Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Usage, SDBM_File, Safe, Scalar::Util, Search::Dict, SelectSaver, SelfLoader, Shell, Socket, Storable, Switch, Symbol, Sys::Hostname, Sys::Syslog, Term::ANSIColor, Term::Cap, Term::Complete, Term::ReadLine, Test, Test::Builder, Test::Harness, Test::Harness::Assert, Test::Harness::Iterator, Test::Harness::Straps, Test::More, Test::Simple, Test::Tutorial, Text::Abbrev, Text::Balanced, Text::ParseWords, Text::Soundex, Text::Tabs, Text::Wrap, Thread, Thread::Queue, Thread::Semaphore, Thread::Signal, Thread::Specific, Tie::Array, Tie::File, Tie::Handle, Tie::Hash, Tie::Memoize, Tie::RefHash, Tie::Scalar, Tie::SubstrHash, Time::HiRes, Time::Local, Time::gmtime, Time::localtime, Time::tm, UNIVERSAL, Unicode::Collate, Unicode::Normalize, Unicode::UCD, User::grent, User::pwent, Win32, XS::APItest, XS::Typemap, XSLoader
#Extension Modules

#CPAN

#Africa: South Africa
#Asia: China, Indonesia, Israel, Japan, Malaysia, Russian Federation, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand
#Central America: Costa Rica
#Europe: Austria, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom
#North America: Canada, Alberta, Manitoba, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Mexico, United States, Alabama, California, Colorado, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Indiana, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Michigan, Nevada, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, Washington, Wisconsin
#Oceania: Australia, New Zealand, United States
#South America: Argentina, Brazil, Chile
#RSYNC Mirrors

#Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse

#Guidelines for Module Creation
#Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules
#Guidelines for Reusing Application Code

#NOTE

#perlmodstyle - Perl module style guide

#INTRODUCTION

#QUICK CHECKLIST

#Before you start
#The API
#Stability
#Documentation
#Release considerations

#BEFORE YOU START WRITING A MODULE

#Has it been done before?
#Do one thing and do it well
#What's in a name?

#DESIGNING AND WRITING YOUR MODULE

#To OO or not to OO?
#Designing your API: Write simple routines to do simple things, Separate functionality from output, Provide sensible shortcuts and defaults, Naming conventions, Parameter passing
#Strictness and warnings
#Backwards compatibility
#Error handling and messages

#DOCUMENTING YOUR MODULE

#POD
#README, INSTALL, release notes, changelogs: perl Makefile.PL, make, make test, make install, perl Build.PL, perl Build, perl Build test, perl Build install

#RELEASE CONSIDERATIONS

#Version numbering
#Pre-requisites
#Testing
#Packaging
#Licensing

#COMMON PITFALLS

#Reinventing the wheel
#Trying to do too much
#Inappropriate documentation

#SEE ALSO

perlstyle,perlnewmod,perlpod,podchecker, Packaging Tools, Testing tools, http://pause.perl.org/, Any good book on software engineering

#AUTHOR

#perlmodinstall - Installing CPAN Modules

#DESCRIPTION

#PREAMBLE: DECOMPRESS the file,UNPACK the file into a directory,BUILD the module (sometimes unnecessary),INSTALL the module

#PORTABILITY

#HEY

#AUTHOR

#COPYRIGHT

#perlnewmod - preparing a new module for distribution

#DESCRIPTION

#Warning
#What should I make into a module?
#Step-by-step: Preparing the ground: Look around, Check it's new, Discuss the need, Choose a name, Check again
#Step-by-step: Making the module: Start withh2xs, Usestrict andwarnings, UseCarp, UseExporter - wisely!, Useplain old documentation, Write tests, Write the README
#Step-by-step: Distributing your module: Get a CPAN user ID,perl Makefile.PL; make test; make dist, Upload the tarball, Announce to the modules list, Announce to clpa, Fix bugs!

#AUTHOR

#SEE ALSO

#perlutil - utilities packaged with the Perl distribution

#DESCRIPTION

#DOCUMENTATION: perldoc,pod2man andpod2text,pod2html andpod2latex,pod2usage,podselect,podchecker,splain,roffitall
#CONVERTORS: a2p,s2p,find2perl
#Administration: libnetcfg
#Development: perlbug,h2ph,c2ph andpstruct,h2xs,dprofpp,perlcc
#SEE ALSO

#perlcompile - Introduction to the Perl Compiler-Translator

#DESCRIPTION

#Layout: B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Lint, B::Deparse, B::Xref

#Using The Back Ends

#The Cross Referencing Back End: i, &, s, r
#The Decompiling Back End
#The Lint Back End
#The Simple C Back End
#The Bytecode Back End
#The Optimized C Back End

#Module List for the Compiler Suite

B, O, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Concise, B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj, B::Stash, B::Terse, B::Xref

#KNOWN PROBLEMS

#AUTHOR

#perlfilter - Source Filters

#DESCRIPTION
#CONCEPTS
#USING FILTERS
#WRITING A SOURCE FILTER
#WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN C: Decryption Filters
#CREATING A SOURCE FILTER AS A SEPARATE EXECUTABLE
#WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN PERL
#USING CONTEXT: THE DEBUG FILTER
#CONCLUSION
#THINGS TO LOOK OUT FOR: Some Filters Clobber theDATA Handle
#REQUIREMENTS
#AUTHOR
#Copyrights

#perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program

#DESCRIPTION

#PREAMBLE: Use C from Perl?,Use a Unix program from Perl?,Use Perl from Perl?,Use C from C?,Use Perl from C?
#ROADMAP
#Compiling your C program
#Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program
#Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program
#Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program
#Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C program
#Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program
#Maintaining a persistent interpreter
#Execution of END blocks
#Maintaining multiple interpreter instances
#Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from your C program

#Embedding Perl under Win32

#Hiding Perl_

#MORAL

#AUTHOR

#COPYRIGHT

#perldebguts - Guts of Perl debugging

#DESCRIPTION

#Debugger Internals

#Writing Your Own Debugger

#Frame Listing Output Examples

#Debugging regular expressions

#Compile-time output: anchoredSTRINGatPOS,floatingSTRINGatPOS1..POS2,matching floating/anchored,minlen,stclassTYPE,noscan,isall,GPOS,plus,implicit,with eval,anchored(TYPE)
#Types of nodes
#Run-time output

#Debugging Perl memory usage

#Using$ENV{PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS}: buckets SMALLEST(APPROX)..GREATEST(APPROX), Free/Used,Total sbrk(): SBRKed/SBRKs:CONTINUOUS,pad: 0,heads: 2192,chain: 0,tail: 6144
#Example of using-DL switch: 717,002,054,602,702,704
#-DL details: !!!,!!,!
#Limitations of-DL statistics

#SEE ALSO

#perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for writing XSUBs

#DESCRIPTION

#SPECIAL NOTES

#make
#Version caveat
#Dynamic Loading versus Static Loading

#TUTORIAL

#EXAMPLE 1
#EXAMPLE 2
#What has gone on?
#Writing good test scripts
#EXAMPLE 3
#What's new here?
#Input and Output Parameters
#The XSUBPP Program
#The TYPEMAP file
#Warning about Output Arguments
#EXAMPLE 4
#What has happened here?
#Anatomy of .xs file
#Getting the fat out of XSUBs
#More about XSUB arguments
#The Argument Stack
#Extending your Extension
#Documenting your Extension
#Installing your Extension
#EXAMPLE 5
#New Things in this Example
#EXAMPLE 6
#New Things in this Example
#EXAMPLE 7 (Coming Soon)
#EXAMPLE 8 (Coming Soon)
#EXAMPLE 9 Passing open files to XSes
#Troubleshooting these Examples

#See also

#Author

#Last Changed

#perlxs - XS language reference manual

#DESCRIPTION

#Introduction
#On The Road
#The Anatomy of an XSUB
#The Argument Stack
#The RETVAL Variable
#The MODULE Keyword
#The PACKAGE Keyword
#The PREFIX Keyword
#The OUTPUT: Keyword
#The NO_OUTPUT Keyword
#The CODE: Keyword
#The INIT: Keyword
#The NO_INIT Keyword
#Initializing Function Parameters
#Default Parameter Values
#The PREINIT: Keyword
#The SCOPE: Keyword
#The INPUT: Keyword
#The IN/OUTLIST/IN_OUTLIST/OUT/IN_OUT Keywords
#Thelength(NAME) Keyword
#Variable-length Parameter Lists
#The C_ARGS: Keyword
#The PPCODE: Keyword
#Returning Undef And Empty Lists
#The REQUIRE: Keyword
#The CLEANUP: Keyword
#The POSTCALL: Keyword
#The BOOT: Keyword
#The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword
#The PROTOTYPES: Keyword
#The PROTOTYPE: Keyword
#The ALIAS: Keyword
#The OVERLOAD: Keyword
#The FALLBACK: Keyword
#The INTERFACE: Keyword
#The INTERFACE_MACRO: Keyword
#The INCLUDE: Keyword
#The CASE: Keyword
#The & Unary Operator
#Inserting POD, Comments and C Preprocessor Directives
#Using XS With C++
#Interface Strategy
#Perl Objects And C Structures
#The Typemap
#Safely Storing Static Data in XS: MY_CXT_KEY, typedef my_cxt_t, START_MY_CXT, MY_CXT_INIT, dMY_CXT, MY_CXT

#EXAMPLES

#XS VERSION

#AUTHOR

#perlclib - Internal replacements for standard C library functions

#DESCRIPTION

#Conventions: t,p,n,s
#File Operations
#File Input and Output
#File Positioning
#Memory Management and String Handling
#Character Class Tests
#stdlib.h functions
#Miscellaneous functions

#SEE ALSO

#perlguts - Introduction to the Perl API

#DESCRIPTION

#Variables

#Datatypes
#What is an "IV"?
#Working with SVs
#Offsets
#What's Really Stored in an SV?
#Working with AVs
#Working with HVs
#Hash API Extensions
#AVs, HVs and undefined values
#References
#Blessed References and Class Objects
#Creating New Variables: GV_ADDMULTI, GV_ADDWARN
#Reference Counts and Mortality
#Stashes and Globs
#Double-Typed SVs
#Magic Variables
#Assigning Magic
#Magic Virtual Tables
#Finding Magic
#Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays
#Localizing changes: SAVEINT(int i),SAVEIV(IV i),SAVEI32(I32 i),SAVELONG(long i),SAVESPTR(s),SAVEPPTR(p),SAVEFREESV(SV *sv),SAVEMORTALIZESV(SV *sv),SAVEFREEOP(OP *op),SAVEFREEPV(p),SAVECLEARSV(SV *sv),SAVEDELETE(HV *hv, char *key, I32 length),SAVEDESTRUCTOR(DESTRUCTORFUNC_NOCONTEXT_t f, void *p),SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(DESTRUCTORFUNC_t f, void *p),SAVESTACK_POS(),SV* save_scalar(GV *gv),AV* save_ary(GV *gv),HV* save_hash(GV *gv),void save_item(SV *item),void save_list(SV **sarg, I32 maxsarg),SV* save_svref(SV **sptr),void save_aptr(AV **aptr),void save_hptr(HV **hptr)

#Subroutines

#XSUBs and the Argument Stack
#Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs
#Memory Allocation
#PerlIO
#Putting a C value on Perl stack
#Scratchpads
#Scratchpads and recursion

#Compiled code

#Code tree
#Examining the tree
#Compile pass 1: check routines
#Compile pass 1a: constant folding
#Compile pass 2: context propagation
#Compile pass 3: peephole optimization
#Pluggable runops

#Examining internal data structures with thedump functions

#How multiple interpreters and concurrency are supported

#Background and PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT
#So what happened to dTHR?
#How do I use all this in extensions?
#Should I do anything special if I call perl from multiple threads?
#Future Plans and PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS

#Internal Functions

A, p, d, s, n, r, f, M, o, x, m, X, E, b

#Formatted Printing of IVs, UVs, and NVs
#Pointer-To-Integer and Integer-To-Pointer
#Source Documentation

#Unicode Support

#Whatis Unicode, anyway?
#How can I recognise a UTF-8 string?
#How does UTF-8 represent Unicode characters?
#How does Perl store UTF-8 strings?
#How do I convert a string to UTF-8?
#Is there anything else I need to know?

#Custom Operators

#AUTHORS

#SEE ALSO

#perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C

#DESCRIPTION

An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program

#THE CALL_ FUNCTIONS

call_sv, call_pv, call_method, call_argv

#FLAG VALUES

#G_VOID
#G_SCALAR
#G_ARRAY
#G_DISCARD
#G_NOARGS
#G_EVAL
#G_KEEPERR
#Determining the Context

#KNOWN PROBLEMS

#EXAMPLES

#No Parameters, Nothing returned
#Passing Parameters
#Returning a Scalar
#Returning a list of values
#Returning a list in a scalar context
#Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list
#Using G_EVAL
#Using G_KEEPERR
#Using call_sv
#Using call_argv
#Using call_method
#Using GIMME_V
#Using Perl to dispose of temporaries
#Strategies for storing Callback Context Information: 1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a sequence of callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl callback
#Alternate Stack Manipulation
#Creating and calling an anonymous subroutine in C

#SEE ALSO

#AUTHOR

#DATE

#perlapi - autogenerated documentation for the perl public API

#DESCRIPTION
#"Gimme" Values: GIMME, GIMME_V, G_ARRAY, G_DISCARD, G_EVAL, G_NOARGS, G_SCALAR, G_VOID
#Array Manipulation Functions: AvFILL, av_clear, av_delete, av_exists, av_extend, av_fetch, av_fill, av_len, av_make, av_pop, av_push, av_shift, av_store, av_undef, av_unshift, get_av, newAV, Nullav, sortsv
#Callback Functions: call_argv, call_method, call_pv, call_sv, ENTER, eval_pv, eval_sv, FREETMPS, LEAVE, SAVETMPS
#Character classes: isALNUM, isALPHA, isDIGIT, isLOWER, isSPACE, isUPPER, toLOWER, toUPPER
#Cloning an interpreter: perl_clone
#CV Manipulation Functions: CvSTASH, get_cv, Nullcv
#Embedding Functions: cv_undef, load_module, nothreadhook, perl_alloc, perl_construct, perl_destruct, perl_free, perl_parse, perl_run, require_pv
#Functions in file pp_pack.c: packlist, pack_cat, unpackstring, unpack_str
#Global Variables: PL_modglobal, PL_na, PL_sv_no, PL_sv_undef, PL_sv_yes
#GV Functions: GvSV, gv_fetchmeth, gv_fetchmethod, gv_fetchmethod_autoload, gv_fetchmeth_autoload, gv_stashpv, gv_stashsv
#Handy Values: HEf_SVKEY, Nullch, Nullsv
#Hash Manipulation Functions: get_hv, HeHASH, HeKEY, HeKLEN, HePV, HeSVKEY, HeSVKEY_force, HeSVKEY_set, HeVAL, HvNAME, hv_clear, hv_clear_placeholders, hv_delete, hv_delete_ent, hv_exists, hv_exists_ent, hv_fetch, hv_fetch_ent, hv_iterinit, hv_iterkey, hv_iterkeysv, hv_iternext, hv_iternextsv, hv_iternext_flags, hv_iterval, hv_magic, hv_scalar, hv_store, hv_store_ent, hv_undef, newHV, Nullhv
#Magical Functions: mg_clear, mg_copy, mg_find, mg_free, mg_get, mg_length, mg_magical, mg_set, SvGETMAGIC, SvLOCK, SvSETMAGIC, SvSetMagicSV, SvSetMagicSV_nosteal, SvSetSV, SvSetSV_nosteal, SvSHARE
#Memory Management: Copy, Move, New, Newc, NEWSV, Newz, Poison, Renew, Renewc, Safefree, savepv, savepvn, savesharedpv, StructCopy, Zero
#Miscellaneous Functions: fbm_compile, fbm_instr, form, getcwd_sv, strEQ, strGE, strGT, strLE, strLT, strNE, strnEQ, strnNE, sv_nolocking, sv_nosharing, sv_nounlocking
#Numeric functions: grok_bin, grok_hex, grok_number, grok_numeric_radix, grok_oct, scan_bin, scan_hex, scan_oct
#Optree Manipulation Functions: cv_const_sv, newCONSTSUB, newXS
#Pad Data Structures: pad_sv
#Stack Manipulation Macros: dMARK, dORIGMARK, dSP, EXTEND, MARK, ORIGMARK, POPi, POPl, POPn, POPp, POPpbytex, POPpx, POPs, PUSHi, PUSHMARK, PUSHn, PUSHp, PUSHs, PUSHu, PUTBACK, SP, SPAGAIN, XPUSHi, XPUSHn, XPUSHp, XPUSHs, XPUSHu, XSRETURN, XSRETURN_IV, XSRETURN_NO, XSRETURN_NV, XSRETURN_PV, XSRETURN_UNDEF, XSRETURN_UV, XSRETURN_YES, XST_mIV, XST_mNO, XST_mNV, XST_mPV, XST_mUNDEF, XST_mYES
#SV Flags: svtype, SVt_IV, SVt_NV, SVt_PV, SVt_PVAV, SVt_PVCV, SVt_PVHV, SVt_PVMG
#SV Manipulation Functions: get_sv, looks_like_number, newRV_inc, newRV_noinc, newSV, newSViv, newSVnv, newSVpv, newSVpvf, newSVpvn, newSVpvn_share, newSVrv, newSVsv, newSVuv, SvCUR, SvCUR_set, SvEND, SvGROW, SvIOK, SvIOKp, SvIOK_notUV, SvIOK_off, SvIOK_on, SvIOK_only, SvIOK_only_UV, SvIOK_UV, SvIsCOW, SvIsCOW_shared_hash, SvIV, SvIVx, SvIVX, SvLEN, SvNIOK, SvNIOKp, SvNIOK_off, SvNOK, SvNOKp, SvNOK_off, SvNOK_on, SvNOK_only, SvNV, SvNVX, SvNVx, SvOK, SvOOK, SvPOK, SvPOKp, SvPOK_off, SvPOK_on, SvPOK_only, SvPOK_only_UTF8, SvPV, SvPVbyte, SvPVbytex, SvPVbytex_force, SvPVbyte_force, SvPVbyte_nolen, SvPVutf8, SvPVutf8x, SvPVutf8x_force, SvPVutf8_force, SvPVutf8_nolen, SvPVx, SvPVX, SvPV_force, SvPV_force_nomg, SvPV_nolen, SvREFCNT, SvREFCNT_dec, SvREFCNT_inc, SvROK, SvROK_off, SvROK_on, SvRV, SvSTASH, SvTAINT, SvTAINTED, SvTAINTED_off, SvTAINTED_on, SvTRUE, SvTYPE, SvUNLOCK, SvUOK, SvUPGRADE, SvUTF8, SvUTF8_off, SvUTF8_on, SvUV, SvUVX, SvUVx, sv_2bool, sv_2cv, sv_2io, sv_2iv, sv_2mortal, sv_2nv, sv_2pvbyte, sv_2pvbyte_nolen, sv_2pvutf8, sv_2pvutf8_nolen, sv_2pv_flags, sv_2pv_nolen, sv_2uv, sv_backoff, sv_bless, sv_catpv, sv_catpvf, sv_catpvf_mg, sv_catpvn, sv_catpvn_flags, sv_catpvn_mg, sv_catpv_mg, sv_catsv, sv_catsv_flags, sv_catsv_mg, sv_chop, sv_clear, sv_cmp, sv_cmp_locale, sv_collxfrm, sv_copypv, sv_dec, sv_derived_from, sv_eq, sv_force_normal, sv_force_normal_flags, sv_free, sv_gets, sv_grow, sv_inc, sv_insert, sv_isa, sv_isobject, sv_iv, sv_len, sv_len_utf8, sv_magic, sv_magicext, sv_mortalcopy, sv_newmortal, sv_newref, sv_nv, sv_pos_b2u, sv_pos_u2b, sv_pv, sv_pvbyte, sv_pvbyten, sv_pvbyten_force, sv_pvn, sv_pvn_force, sv_pvn_force_flags, sv_pvutf8, sv_pvutf8n, sv_pvutf8n_force, sv_reftype, sv_replace, sv_report_used, sv_reset, sv_rvweaken, sv_setiv, sv_setiv_mg, sv_setnv, sv_setnv_mg, sv_setpv, sv_setpvf, sv_setpvf_mg, sv_setpviv, sv_setpviv_mg, sv_setpvn, sv_setpvn_mg, sv_setpv_mg, sv_setref_iv, sv_setref_nv, sv_setref_pv, sv_setref_pvn, sv_setref_uv, sv_setsv, sv_setsv_flags, sv_setsv_mg, sv_setuv, sv_setuv_mg, sv_taint, sv_tainted, sv_true, sv_unmagic, sv_unref, sv_unref_flags, sv_untaint, sv_upgrade, sv_usepvn, sv_usepvn_mg, sv_utf8_decode, sv_utf8_downgrade, sv_utf8_encode, sv_utf8_upgrade, sv_utf8_upgrade_flags, sv_uv, sv_vcatpvfn, sv_vsetpvfn
#Unicode Support: bytes_from_utf8, bytes_to_utf8, ibcmp_utf8, is_utf8_char, is_utf8_string, is_utf8_string_loc, pv_uni_display, sv_cat_decode, sv_recode_to_utf8, sv_uni_display, to_utf8_case, to_utf8_fold, to_utf8_lower, to_utf8_title, to_utf8_upper, utf8n_to_uvchr, utf8n_to_uvuni, utf8_distance, utf8_hop, utf8_length, utf8_to_bytes, utf8_to_uvchr, utf8_to_uvuni, uvchr_to_utf8, uvuni_to_utf8_flags
#Variables created byxsubpp andxsubpp internal functions: ax, CLASS, dAX, dITEMS, dXSARGS, dXSI32, items, ix, newXSproto, RETVAL, ST, THIS, XS, XSRETURN_EMPTY, XS_VERSION, XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK
#Warning and Dieing: croak, warn
#AUTHORS
#SEE ALSO

#perlintern - autogenerated documentation of purelyinternal Perl functions

#DESCRIPTION
#CV reference counts and CvOUTSIDE: CvWEAKOUTSIDE
#Functions in file pad.h: CX_CURPAD_SAVE, CX_CURPAD_SV, PAD_BASE_SV, PAD_CLONE_VARS, PAD_COMPNAME_FLAGS, PAD_COMPNAME_GEN, PAD_COMPNAME_OURSTASH, PAD_COMPNAME_PV, PAD_COMPNAME_TYPE, PAD_DUP, PAD_RESTORE_LOCAL, PAD_SAVE_LOCAL, PAD_SAVE_SETNULLPAD, PAD_SETSV, PAD_SET_CUR, PAD_SET_CUR_NOSAVE, PAD_SV, PAD_SVl, SAVECLEARSV, SAVECOMPPAD, SAVEPADSV
#Functions in file pp_ctl.c: find_runcv
#Global Variables: PL_DBsingle, PL_DBsub, PL_DBtrace, PL_dowarn, PL_last_in_gv, PL_ofs_sv, PL_rs
#GV Functions: is_gv_magical
#IO Functions: start_glob
#Pad Data Structures: CvPADLIST, cv_clone, cv_dump, do_dump_pad, intro_my, pad_add_anon, pad_add_name, pad_alloc, pad_block_start, pad_check_dup, pad_findlex, pad_findmy, pad_fixup_inner_anons, pad_free, pad_leavemy, pad_new, pad_push, pad_reset, pad_setsv, pad_swipe, pad_tidy, pad_undef
#Stack Manipulation Macros: djSP, LVRET
#SV Manipulation Functions: report_uninit, sv_add_arena, sv_clean_all, sv_clean_objs, sv_free_arenas
#AUTHORS
#SEE ALSO

#perliol - C API for Perl's implementation of IO in Layers.

#SYNOPSIS

#DESCRIPTION

#History and Background
#Basic Structure
#Layers vs Disciplines
#Data Structures
#Functions and Attributes
#Per-instance Data
#Layers in action.
#Per-instance flag bits: PERLIO_F_EOF, PERLIO_F_CANWRITE, PERLIO_F_CANREAD, PERLIO_F_ERROR, PERLIO_F_TRUNCATE, PERLIO_F_APPEND, PERLIO_F_CRLF, PERLIO_F_UTF8, PERLIO_F_UNBUF, PERLIO_F_WRBUF, PERLIO_F_RDBUF, PERLIO_F_LINEBUF, PERLIO_F_TEMP, PERLIO_F_OPEN, PERLIO_F_FASTGETS
#Methods in Detail: fsize, name, size, kind, PERLIO_K_BUFFERED, PERLIO_K_RAW, PERLIO_K_CANCRLF, PERLIO_K_FASTGETS, PERLIO_K_MULTIARG, Pushed, Popped, Open, Binmode, Getarg, Fileno, Dup, Read, Write, Seek, Tell, Close, Flush, Fill, Eof, Error, Clearerr, Setlinebuf, Get_base, Get_bufsiz, Get_ptr, Get_cnt, Set_ptrcnt
#Utilities
#Implementing PerlIO Layers: C implementations, Perl implementations
#Core Layers: "unix", "perlio", "stdio", "crlf", "mmap", "pending", "raw", "utf8"
#Extension Layers: ":encoding", ":scalar", ":via"

#TODO

#perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface.

#SYNOPSIS

#DESCRIPTION

1. USE_STDIO, 2. USE_SFIO, 3. USE_PERLIO,PerlIO_stdin(),PerlIO_stdout(),PerlIO_stderr(),PerlIO_open(path, mode),PerlIO_fdopen(fd,mode),PerlIO_reopen(path,mode,f),PerlIO_printf(f,fmt,...),PerlIO_vprintf(f,fmt,a),PerlIO_stdoutf(fmt,...),PerlIO_read(f,buf,count),PerlIO_write(f,buf,count),PerlIO_close(f),PerlIO_puts(f,s),PerlIO_putc(f,c),PerlIO_ungetc(f,c),PerlIO_getc(f),PerlIO_eof(f),PerlIO_error(f),PerlIO_fileno(f),PerlIO_clearerr(f),PerlIO_flush(f),PerlIO_seek(f,offset,whence),PerlIO_tell(f),PerlIO_getpos(f,p),PerlIO_setpos(f,p),PerlIO_rewind(f),PerlIO_tmpfile(),PerlIO_setlinebuf(f)

#Co-existence with stdio: PerlIO_importFILE(f,mode),PerlIO_exportFILE(f,mode),PerlIO_releaseFILE(p,f),PerlIO_findFILE(f)
#"Fast gets" Functions: PerlIO_fast_gets(f),PerlIO_has_cntptr(f),PerlIO_get_cnt(f),PerlIO_get_ptr(f),PerlIO_set_ptrcnt(f,p,c),PerlIO_canset_cnt(f),PerlIO_set_cnt(f,c),PerlIO_has_base(f),PerlIO_get_base(f),PerlIO_get_bufsiz(f)
#Other Functions: PerlIO_apply_layers(f,mode,layers), PerlIO_binmode(f,ptype,imode,layers), '<' read, '>' write, '+' read/write, PerlIO_debug(fmt,...)

#perlhack - How to hack at the Perl internals

#DESCRIPTION

Does concept match the general goals of Perl?, Where is the implementation?, Backwards compatibility, Could it be a module instead?, Is the feature generic enough?, Does it potentially introduce new bugs?, Does it preclude other desirable features?, Is the implementation robust?, Is the implementation generic enough to be portable?, Is the implementation tested?, Is there enough documentation?, Is there another way to do it?, Does it create too much work?, Patches speak louder than words

#Keeping in sync: rsync'ing the source tree, Using rsync over the LAN, Using pushing over the NFS, rsync'ing the patches
#Why rsync the source tree: It's easier to rsync the source tree, It's more reliable
#Why rsync the patches: It's easier to rsync the patches, It's a good reference, Finding a start point, Finding how to fix a bug, Finding the source of misbehaviour
#Perlbug administration
#Submitting patches: perlguts,perlxstut andperlxs,perlapi,Porting/pumpkin.pod, The perl5-porters FAQ
#Finding Your Way Around: Core modules, Tests, Documentation, Configure, Interpreter
#Elements of the interpreter: Startup, Parsing, Optimization, Running
#Internal Variable Types
#Op Trees
#Stacks: Argument stack, Mark stack, Save stack
#Millions of Macros
#The .i Targets
#Poking at Perl
#Using a source-level debugger: run [args], break function_name, break source.c:xxx, step, next, continue, finish, 'enter', print
#gdb macro support
#Dumping Perl Data Structures
#Patching
#Patching a core module
#Adding a new function to the core
#Writing a test: t/base/,t/cmd/,t/comp/,t/io/,t/lib/,t/op/,t/pod/,t/run/,t/uni/,t/win32/,t/x2p, t/base t/comp, t/cmd t/run t/io t/op, t/lib ext lib
#Special Make Test Targets: coretest, test.deparse, test.taintwarn, minitest, test.valgrind check.valgrind utest.valgrind ucheck.valgrind, test.third check.third utest.third ucheck.third, test.torture torturetest, utest ucheck test.utf8 check.utf8, test_harness
#Running tests by hand: PERL_CORE=1, PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL=2, PERL, PERL_SKIP_TTY_TEST

#EXTERNAL TOOLS FOR DEBUGGING PERL

#Rational Software's Purify
#Purify on Unix: -Accflags=-DPURIFY, -Doptimize='-g', -Uusemymalloc, -Dusemultiplicity
#Purify on NT: DEFINES, USE_MULTI = define, #PERL_MALLOC = define, CFG = Debug
#valgrind
#Compaq's/Digital's/HP's Third Degree
#PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL
#Profiling
#Gprof Profiling: -a, -b, -e routine, -f routine, -s, -z
#GCC gcov Profiling
#Pixie Profiling: -h, -l, -p[rocedures], -h[eavy], -i[nvocations], -l[ines], -testcoverage, -z[ero]
#Miscellaneous tricks
#CONCLUSION: The Road goes ever on and on, down from the door where it began.

#AUTHOR

#perlbook - Perl book information

#DESCRIPTION

#perltodo - Perl TO-DO List

#DESCRIPTION

#To do during 5.6.x

#Support for I/O disciplines
#Autoload bytes.pm
#Make "\u{XXXX}" et al work
#Create a char *sv_pvprintify(sv, STRLEN *lenp, UV flags)
#Overloadable regex assertions
#Unicode
#Work out exit/die semantics for threads
#Better support for nonpreemptive threading systems like GNU pth
#Typed lexicals for compiler
#Compiler workarounds for Win32
#AUTOLOADing in the compiler
#Fixing comppadlist when compiling
#Cleaning up exported namespace
#Complete signal handling
#Out-of-source builds
#POSIX realtime support
#UNIX98 support
#IPv6 Support
#Long double conversion
#Locales
#Arithmetic on non-Arabic numerals
#POSIX Unicode character classes
#Factoring out common suffices/prefices in regexps (trie optimization)
#Security audit shipped utilities
#Sort out the uid-setting mess
#Custom opcodes
#DLL Versioning
#Introduce @( and @)
#Floating point handling
#IV/UV preservation
#Replace pod2html with something using Pod::Parser
#Automate module testing on CPAN
#sendmsg and recvmsg
#Rewrite perlre documentation
#Convert example code to IO::Handle filehandles
#Document Win32 choices
#Check new modules
#Make roffitall find pods and libs itself

#To do at some point

#Remove regular expression recursion
#Memory leaks after failed eval
#bitfields in pack
#Cross compilation
#Perl preprocessor / macros
#Perl lexer in Perl
#Using POSIX calls internally
#-i rename file when changed
#All ARGV input should act like <>
#Support for rerunning debugger
#Test Suite for the Debugger
#my sub foo { }
#One-pass global destruction
#Rewrite regexp parser
#Cache recently used regexps
#Cross-compilation support
#Bit-shifting bitvectors
#debugger pragma
#use less pragma
#switch structures
#Cache eval tree
#rcatmaybe
#Shrink opcode tables
#Optimize away @_
#Prototypes versus indirect objects
#Install HTML
#Prototype method calls
#Return context prototype declarations
#magic_setisa
#Garbage collection
#IO tutorial
#Rewrite perldoc
#Install .3p manpages
#Unicode tutorial
#Update POSIX.pm for 1003.1-2
#Retargetable installation
#POSIX emulation on non-POSIX systems
#Rename Win32 headers
#Finish off lvalue functions
#Update sprintf documentation
#Use fchown/fchmod internally
#Make v-strings overloaded objects
#Allow restricted hash assignment
#Should overload be inheritable?
#Taint rethink
#Perform correctly when XSUBs call subroutines that exit via goto(LABEL) and friends

#Vague ideas

#ref() in list context
#Make tr/// return histogram of characters in list context
#Compile to real threaded code
#Structured types
#Modifiable $1 et al.
#Procedural interfaces for IO::*, etc.
#RPC modules
#Attach/detach debugger from running program
#GUI::Native
#foreach(reverse ...)
#Constant function cache
#Approximate regular expression matching

#Ongoing

#Update guts documentation
#Add more tests
#Update auxiliary tools
#Create debugging macros
#truncate to the people
#Unicode in Filenames

#Unicode in %ENV

#Recently done things

#Alternative RE syntax module
#Safe signal handling
#Tie Modules
#gettimeofday
#setitimer and getimiter
#Testing __DIE__ hook
#CPP equivalent in Perl
#Explicit switch statements
#autocroak
#UTF/EBCDIC
#UTF Regexes
#perlcc to produce executable
#END blocks saved in compiled output
#Secure temporary file module
#Integrate Time::HiRes
#Turn Cwd into XS
#Mmap for input
#Byte to/from UTF-8 and UTF-8 to/from local conversion
#Add sockatmark support
#Mailing list archives
#Bug tracking
#Integrate MacPerl
#Web "nerve center" for Perl
#Regular expression tutorial
#Debugging Tutorial
#Integrate new modules
#Integrate profiler
#Y2K error detection
#Regular expression debugger
#POD checker
#"Dynamic" lexicals
#Cache precompiled modules

#Deprecated Wishes

#Loop control on do{}
#Lexically scoped typeglobs
#format BOTTOM
#report HANDLE
#Generalised want()/caller())
#Named prototypes
#Built-in globbing
#Regression tests for suidperl
#Cached hash values
#Add compression modules
#Reorganise documentation into tutorials/references
#Remove distinction between functions and operators
#Make XS easier to use
#Make embedding easier to use
#man for perl
#my $Package::variable
#"or" tests defined, not truth
#"class"-based lexicals
#byteperl
#Lazy evaluation / tail recursion removal
#Make "use utf8" the default
#Unicode collation and normalization
#pack/unpack tutorial

#perldoc - Look up Perl documentation in Pod format.

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION
#OPTIONS: -h,-v,-t,-u,-mmodule,-l,-F,-fperlfunc,-qperlfaq-search-regexp,-T,-ddestination-filename,-ooutput-formatname,-Mmodule-name,-woption:value or-woption,-X,PageName|ModuleName|ProgramName,-nsome-formatter,-r,-i,-V
#SECURITY
#ENVIRONMENT
#AUTHOR

#perlhist - the Perl history records

#DESCRIPTION

#INTRODUCTION

#THE KEEPERS OF THE PUMPKIN

#PUMPKIN?

#THE RECORDS

#SELECTED RELEASE SIZES
#SELECTED PATCH SIZES

#THE KEEPERS OF THE RECORDS

#perldelta - what is new for perl v5.8.3

#DESCRIPTION
#Incompatible Changes
#Core Enhancements
#Modules and Pragmata: CGI, Cwd, Digest, Digest::MD5, Encode, File::Spec, FindBin, List::Util, Math::BigInt, PodParser, Pod::Perldoc, POSIX, Unicode::Collate, Unicode::Normalize, Test::Harness, threads::shared
#Utility Changes
#New Documentation
#Installation and Configuration Improvements
#Selected Bug Fixes
#New or Changed Diagnostics
#Changed Internals
#Configuration and Building
#Platform Specific Problems
#Known Problems
#Future Directions
#Obituary
#Reporting Bugs
#SEE ALSO

#perl583delta, perldelta - what is new for perl v5.8.3

#DESCRIPTION
#Incompatible Changes
#Core Enhancements
#Modules and Pragmata: CGI, Cwd, Digest, Digest::MD5, Encode, File::Spec, FindBin, List::Util, Math::BigInt, PodParser, Pod::Perldoc, POSIX, Unicode::Collate, Unicode::Normalize, Test::Harness, threads::shared
#Utility Changes
#New Documentation
#Installation and Configuration Improvements
#Selected Bug Fixes
#New or Changed Diagnostics
#Changed Internals
#Configuration and Building
#Platform Specific Problems
#Known Problems
#Future Directions
#Obituary
#Reporting Bugs
#SEE ALSO

#perl582delta - what is new for perl v5.8.2

#DESCRIPTION

#Incompatible Changes

#Core Enhancements

#Hash Randomisation
#Threading

#Modules and Pragmata

#Updated Modules And Pragmata: Devel::PPPort, Digest::MD5, I18N::LangTags, libnet, MIME::Base64, Pod::Perldoc, strict, Tie::Hash, Time::HiRes, Unicode::Collate, Unicode::Normalize, UNIVERSAL

#Selected Bug Fixes

#Changed Internals

#Platform Specific Problems

#Future Directions

#Reporting Bugs

#SEE ALSO

#perl581delta - what is new for perl v5.8.1

#DESCRIPTION

#Incompatible Changes

#Hash Randomisation
#UTF-8 On Filehandles No Longer Activated By Locale
#Single-number v-strings are no longer v-strings before "=>"
#(Win32) The -C Switch Has Been Repurposed
#(Win32) The /d Switch Of cmd.exe

#Core Enhancements

#UTF-8 no longer default under UTF-8 locales
#Unsafe signals again available
#Tied Arrays with Negative Array Indices
#local ${$x}
#Unicode Character Database 4.0.0
#Deprecation Warnings
#Miscellaneous Enhancements

#Modules and Pragmata

#Updated Modules And Pragmata: base, B::Bytecode, B::Concise, B::Deparse, Benchmark, ByteLoader, bytes, CGI, charnames, CPAN, Data::Dumper, DB_File, Devel::PPPort, Digest::MD5, Encode, fields, libnet, Math::BigInt, MIME::Base64, NEXT, Net::Ping, PerlIO::scalar, podlators, Pod::LaTeX, PodParsers, Pod::Perldoc, Scalar::Util, Storable, strict, Term::ANSIcolor, Test::Harness, Test::More, Test::Simple, Text::Balanced, Time::HiRes, threads, threads::shared, Unicode::Collate, Unicode::Normalize, Win32::GetFolderPath, Win32::GetOSVersion

#Utility Changes

#New Documentation

#Installation and Configuration Improvements

#Platform-specific enhancements

#Selected Bug Fixes

#Closures, eval and lexicals
#Generic fixes
#Platform-specific fixes

#New or Changed Diagnostics

#Changed "A thread exited while %d threads were running"
#Removed "Attempt to clear a restricted hash"
#New "Illegal declaration of anonymous subroutine"
#Changed "Invalid range "%s" in transliteration operator"
#New "Missing control char name in \c"
#New "Newline in left-justified string for %s"
#New "Possible precedence problem on bitwise %c operator"
#New "Pseudo-hashes are deprecated"
#New "read() on %s filehandle %s"
#New "5.005 threads are deprecated"
#New "Tied variable freed while still in use"
#New "To%s: illegal mapping '%s'"
#New "Use of freed value in iteration"

#Changed Internals

#New Tests

#Known Problems

#Tied hashes in scalar context
#Net::Ping 450_service and 510_ping_udp failures
#B::C

#Platform Specific Problems

#EBCDIC Platforms
#Cygwin 1.5 problems
#HP-UX: HP cc warnings about sendfile and sendpath
#IRIX: t/uni/tr_7jis.t falsely failing
#Mac OS X: no usemymalloc
#Tru64: No threaded builds with GNU cc (gcc)
#Win32: sysopen, sysread, syswrite

#Future Directions

#Reporting Bugs

#SEE ALSO

#perl58delta - what is new for perl v5.8.0

#DESCRIPTION

#Highlights In 5.8.0

#Incompatible Changes

#Binary Incompatibility
#64-bit platforms and malloc
#AIX Dynaloading
#Attributes formy variables now handled at run-time
#Socket Extension Dynamic in VMS
#IEEE-format Floating Point Default on OpenVMS Alpha
#New Unicode Semantics (no moreuse utf8, almost)
#New Unicode Properties
#REF(...) Instead Of SCALAR(...)
#pack/unpack D/F recycled
#glob() now returns filenames in alphabetical order
#Deprecations

#Core Enhancements

#Unicode Overhaul
#PerlIO is Now The Default
#ithreads
#Restricted Hashes
#Safe Signals
#Understanding of Numbers
#Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings [561]
#Miscellaneous Changes

#Modules and Pragmata

#New Modules and Pragmata
#Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata

#Utility Changes

#New Documentation

#Performance Enhancements

#Installation and Configuration Improvements

#Generic Improvements
#New Or Improved Platforms

#Selected Bug Fixes

#Platform Specific Changes and Fixes

#New or Changed Diagnostics

#Changed Internals

#Security Vulnerability Closed [561]

#New Tests

#Known Problems

#The Compiler Suite Is Still Very Experimental
#Localising Tied Arrays and Hashes Is Broken
#Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
#Modifying $_ Inside for(..)
#mod_perl 1.26 Doesn't Build With Threaded Perl
#lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
#libwww-perl (LWP) fails base/date #51
#PDL failing some tests
#Perl_get_sv
#Self-tying Problems
#ext/threads/t/libc
#Failure of Thread (5.005-style) tests
#Timing problems
#Tied/Magical Array/Hash Elements Do Not Autovivify
#Unicode in package/class and subroutine names does not work

#Platform Specific Problems

#AIX
#Alpha systems with old gccs fail several tests
#AmigaOS
#BeOS
#Cygwin "unable to remap"
#Cygwin ndbm tests fail on FAT
#DJGPP Failures
#FreeBSD built with ithreads coredumps reading large directories
#FreeBSD Failing locale Test 117 For ISO 8859-15 Locales
#IRIX fails ext/List/Util/t/shuffle.t or Digest::MD5
#HP-UX lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails When LP64-Configured
#Linux with glibc 2.2.5 fails t/op/int subtest #6 with -Duse64bitint
#Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
#Mac OS X
#Mac OS X dyld undefined symbols
#OS/2 Test Failures
#op/sprintf tests 91, 129, and 130
#SCO
#Solaris 2.5
#Solaris x86 Fails Tests With -Duse64bitint
#SUPER-UX (NEC SX)
#Term::ReadKey not working on Win32
#UNICOS/mk
#UTS
#VOS (Stratus)
#VMS
#Win32
#XML::Parser not working
#z/OS (OS/390)
#Unicode Support on EBCDIC Still Spotty
#Seen In Perl 5.7 But Gone Now

#Reporting Bugs

#SEE ALSO

#HISTORY

#perl573delta - what's new for perl v5.7.3

#DESCRIPTION
#Changes
#Reporting Bugs
#SEE ALSO
#HISTORY

#perl572delta - what's new for perl v5.7.2

#DESCRIPTION

#Security Vulnerability Closed

#Incompatible Changes

#64-bit platforms and malloc
#AIX Dynaloading
#Socket Extension Dynamic in VMS
#Different Definition of the Unicode Character Classes \p{In...}
#Deprecations

#Core Enhancements

#Modules and Pragmata

#New Modules and Distributions
#Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata

#Utility Changes

#New Documentation

#Installation and Configuration Improvements

#New Or Improved Platforms
#Generic Improvements

#Selected Bug Fixes

#Platform Specific Changes and Fixes

#New or Changed Diagnostics

#Source Code Enhancements

#MAGIC constants
#Better commented code
#Regex pre-/post-compilation items matched up
#gcc -Wall

#New Tests

#Known Problems

#AIX
#Amiga Perl Invoking Mystery
#lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
#Cygwin intermittent failures of lib/Memoize/t/expire_file 11 and 12
#HP-UX lib/io_multihomed Fails When LP64-Configured
#HP-UX lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails When LP64-Configured
#Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
#OS/390
#op/sprintf tests 129 and 130
#Failure of Thread tests
#UNICOS
#UTS
#VMS
#Win32
#Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory
#Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden
#Variable Attributes are not Currently Usable for Tieing
#Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
#The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
#The Long Double Support is Still Experimental

#Reporting Bugs

#SEE ALSO

#HISTORY

#perl571delta - what's new for perl v5.7.1

#DESCRIPTION

#Security Vulnerability Closed

#Incompatible Changes

#Core Enhancements

#AUTOLOAD Is Now Lvaluable
#PerlIO is Now The Default
#Signals Are Now Safe

#Modules and Pragmata

#New Modules
#Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata

#Performance Enhancements

#Utility Changes

#New Documentation

#perlclib
#perliol
#README.aix
#README.bs2000
#README.macos
#README.mpeix
#README.solaris
#README.vos
#Porting/repository.pod

#Installation and Configuration Improvements

#New Or Improved Platforms
#Generic Improvements: d_cmsghdr, d_fcntl_can_lock, d_fsync, d_getitimer, d_getpagsz, d_msghdr_s, need_va_copy, d_readv, d_recvmsg, d_sendmsg, sig_size, d_sockatmark, d_strtoq, d_u32align, d_ualarm, d_usleep

#Selected Bug Fixes

#Platform Specific Changes and Fixes

#New or Changed Diagnostics

#Changed Internals

#New Tests

#Known Problems

#AIX vac 5.0.0.0 May Produce Buggy Code For Perl
#lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
#lib/io_multihomed Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
#Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
#lib/b test 19
#Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
#sigaction test 13 in VMS
#sprintf tests 129 and 130
#Failure of Thread tests
#Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory
#Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden
#Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
#The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental

#Reporting Bugs

#SEE ALSO

#HISTORY

#perl570delta - what's new for perl v5.7.0

#DESCRIPTION

#Security Vulnerability Closed

#Incompatible Changes

#Core Enhancements

#Modules and Pragmata

#New Modules
#Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata

#Utility Changes

#New Documentation

#Performance Enhancements

#Installation and Configuration Improvements

#Generic Improvements

#Selected Bug Fixes

#Platform Specific Changes and Fixes

#New or Changed Diagnostics

#Changed Internals

#Known Problems

#Unicode Support Still Far From Perfect
#EBCDIC Still A Lost Platform
#Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
#ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
#Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
#Long Doubles Still Don't Work In Solaris
#Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
#Storable tests fail in some platforms
#Threads Are Still Experimental
#The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental

#Reporting Bugs

#SEE ALSO

#HISTORY

#perl561delta - what's new for perl v5.6.x

#DESCRIPTION

#Summary of changes between 5.6.0 and 5.6.1

#Security Issues
#Core bug fixes: UNIVERSAL::isa(), Memory leaks, Numeric conversions, qw(a\\b), caller(), Bugs in regular expressions, "slurp" mode, Autovivification of symbolic references to special variables, Lexical warnings, Spurious warnings and errors, glob(), Tainting, sort(), #line directives, Subroutine prototypes, map(), Debugger, PERL5OPT, chop(), Unicode support, 64-bit support, Compiler, Lvalue subroutines, IO::Socket, File::Find, xsubpp,no Module;, Tests
#Core features
#Configuration issues
#Documentation
#Bundled modules: B::Concise, File::Temp, Pod::LaTeX, Pod::Text::Overstrike, CGI, CPAN, Class::Struct, DB_File, Devel::Peek, File::Find, Getopt::Long, IO::Poll, IPC::Open3, Math::BigFloat, Math::Complex, Net::Ping, Opcode, Pod::Parser, Pod::Text, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Tie::RefHash, Tie::SubstrHash
#Platform-specific improvements: NCR MP-RAS, NonStop-UX

#Core Enhancements

#Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency
#Lexically scoped warning categories
#Unicode and UTF-8 support
#Support for interpolating named characters
#"our" declarations
#Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals
#Improved Perl version numbering system
#New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes
#File and directory handles can be autovivified
#open() with more than two arguments
#64-bit support
#Large file support
#Long doubles
#"more bits"
#Enhanced support for sort() subroutines
#sort $coderef @foo allowed
#File globbing implemented internally
#Support for CHECK blocks
#POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported
#Better pseudo-random number generator
#Improvedqw// operator
#Better worst-case behavior of hashes
#pack() format 'Z' supported
#pack() format modifier '!' supported
#pack() and unpack() support counted strings
#Comments in pack() templates
#Weak references
#Binary numbers supported
#Lvalue subroutines
#Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references
#Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues
#exists() is supported on subroutine names
#exists() and delete() are supported on array elements
#Pseudo-hashes work better
#Automatic flushing of output buffers
#Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations
#Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle
#eof() has the same old magic as <>
#binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes
#-T filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text"
#system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure
#Improved diagnostics
#Diagnostics follow STDERR
#More consistent close-on-exec behavior
#syswrite() ease-of-use
#Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators
#Bit operators support full native integer width
#Improved security features
#More functional bareword prototype (*)
#require anddo may be overridden
#$^X variables may now have names longer than one character
#New variable $^C reflects-c switch
#New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string
#Optional Y2K warnings
#Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings

#Modules and Pragmata

#Modules: attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper, DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English, Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec, File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker, podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage, pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname, Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters
#Pragmata

#Utility Changes

#dprofpp
#find2perl
#h2xs
#perlcc
#perldoc
#The Perl Debugger

#Improved Documentation

perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod, perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod, perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod, perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod

#Performance enhancements

#Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized
#Optimized assignments to lexical variables
#Faster subroutine calls
#delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster

#Installation and Configuration Improvements

#-Dusethreads means something different
#New Configure flags
#Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring
#Long Doubles
#-Dusemorebits
#-Duselargefiles
#installusrbinperl
#SOCKS support
#-A flag
#Enhanced Installation Directories
#gcc automatically tried if 'cc' does not seem to be working

#Platform specific changes

#Supported platforms
#DOS
#OS390 (OpenEdition MVS)
#VMS
#Win32

#Significant bug fixes

#<HANDLE> on empty files
#eval '...' improvements
#All compilation errors are true errors
#Implicitly closed filehandles are safer
#Behavior of list slices is more consistent
#(\$) prototype and$foo{a}
#goto &sub and AUTOLOAD
#-bareword allowed underuse integer
#Failures in DESTROY()
#Locale bugs fixed
#Memory leaks
#Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls
#Taint failures under-U
#END blocks and the-c switch
#Potential to leak DATA filehandles

#New or Changed Diagnostics

"%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet implemented, "our" variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s, / cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as "%s", %s() called too early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word: %s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional, Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check filesystem of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s", Can't declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default, Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference, constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated, defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean "local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data, entering effective %s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable, Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter: |%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute: %s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing %sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in "my sub", No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in "our", No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref, panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing around "%s" list, Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string, Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS" instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows, Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored, Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, Strange *+?{} on zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown open() mode '%s', Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a constant number

#New tests

#Incompatible Changes

#Perl Source Incompatibilities: CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed, Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of the form1.2.3 parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed,undef fails on read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles, Writing"$$1" to mean"${$}1" is unsupported, delete(), each(), values() and\(%h), vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS, Text of some diagnostic output has changed,%@ has been removed, Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator, Semantics of bareword prototype(*) have changed, Semantics of bit operators may have changed on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their results
#C Source Incompatibilities: PERL_POLLUTE,PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT,PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC
#Compatible C Source API Changes: PATCHLEVEL is nowPERL_VERSION
#Binary Incompatibilities

#Known Problems

#Localizing a tied hash element may leak memory
#Known test failures
#EBCDIC platforms not fully supported
#UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run
#Arrow operator and arrays
#Experimental features: Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file globbing, The DB module, The regular expression code constructs:

#Obsolete Diagnostics

Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, In string, @%s now must be written as \@%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp too big, Use of "$$<digit>" to mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated

#Reporting Bugs

#SEE ALSO

#HISTORY

#perl56delta - what's new for perl v5.6.0

#DESCRIPTION

#Core Enhancements

#Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency
#Lexically scoped warning categories
#Unicode and UTF-8 support
#Support for interpolating named characters
#"our" declarations
#Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals
#Improved Perl version numbering system
#New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes
#File and directory handles can be autovivified
#open() with more than two arguments
#64-bit support
#Large file support
#Long doubles
#"more bits"
#Enhanced support for sort() subroutines
#sort $coderef @foo allowed
#File globbing implemented internally
#Support for CHECK blocks
#POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported
#Better pseudo-random number generator
#Improvedqw// operator
#Better worst-case behavior of hashes
#pack() format 'Z' supported
#pack() format modifier '!' supported
#pack() and unpack() support counted strings
#Comments in pack() templates
#Weak references
#Binary numbers supported
#Lvalue subroutines
#Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references
#Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues
#exists() is supported on subroutine names
#exists() and delete() are supported on array elements
#Pseudo-hashes work better
#Automatic flushing of output buffers
#Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations
#Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle
#eof() has the same old magic as <>
#binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes
#-T filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text"
#system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure
#Improved diagnostics
#Diagnostics follow STDERR
#More consistent close-on-exec behavior
#syswrite() ease-of-use
#Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators
#Bit operators support full native integer width
#Improved security features
#More functional bareword prototype (*)
#require anddo may be overridden
#$^X variables may now have names longer than one character
#New variable $^C reflects-c switch
#New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string
#Optional Y2K warnings
#Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings

#Modules and Pragmata

#Modules: attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper, DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English, Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec, File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker, podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage, pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname, Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters
#Pragmata

#Utility Changes

#dprofpp
#find2perl
#h2xs
#perlcc
#perldoc
#The Perl Debugger

#Improved Documentation

#Performance enhancements

#Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized
#Optimized assignments to lexical variables
#Faster subroutine calls
#delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster

#Installation and Configuration Improvements

#-Dusethreads means something different
#New Configure flags
#Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring
#Long Doubles
#-Dusemorebits
#-Duselargefiles
#installusrbinperl
#SOCKS support
#-A flag
#Enhanced Installation Directories

#Platform specific changes

#Supported platforms
#DOS
#OS390 (OpenEdition MVS)
#VMS
#Win32

#Significant bug fixes

#<HANDLE> on empty files
#eval '...' improvements
#All compilation errors are true errors
#Implicitly closed filehandles are safer
#Behavior of list slices is more consistent
#(\$) prototype and$foo{a}
#goto &sub and AUTOLOAD
#-bareword allowed underuse integer
#Failures in DESTROY()
#Locale bugs fixed
#Memory leaks
#Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls
#Taint failures under-U
#END blocks and the-c switch
#Potential to leak DATA filehandles

#New or Changed Diagnostics

#New tests

#Incompatible Changes

#Perl Source Incompatibilities: CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed, Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of the form1.2.3 parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed,undef fails on read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles, Writing"$$1" to mean"${$}1" is unsupported, delete(), each(), values() and\(%h), vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS, Text of some diagnostic output has changed,%@ has been removed, Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator, Semantics of bareword prototype(*) have changed, Semantics of bit operators may have changed on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their results
#C Source Incompatibilities: PERL_POLLUTE,PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT,PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC
#Compatible C Source API Changes: PATCHLEVEL is nowPERL_VERSION
#Binary Incompatibilities

#Known Problems

#Thread test failures
#EBCDIC platforms not supported
#In 64-bit HP-UX the lib/io_multihomed test may hang
#NEXTSTEP 3.3 POSIX test failure
#Tru64 (aka Digital UNIX, aka DEC OSF/1) lib/sdbm test failure with gcc
#UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run
#Arrow operator and arrays
#Experimental features: Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file globbing, The DB module, The regular expression code constructs:

#Obsolete Diagnostics

#Reporting Bugs

#SEE ALSO

#HISTORY

#perl5005delta - what's new for perl5.005

#DESCRIPTION

#About the new versioning system

#Incompatible Changes

#WARNING: This version is not binary compatible with Perl 5.004.
#Default installation structure has changed
#Perl Source Compatibility
#C Source Compatibility
#Binary Compatibility
#Security fixes may affect compatibility
#Relaxed new mandatory warnings introduced in 5.004
#Licensing

#Core Changes

#Threads
#Compiler
#Regular Expressions: Many new and improved optimizations, Many bug fixes, New regular expression constructs, New operator for precompiled regular expressions, Other improvements, Incompatible changes
#Improved malloc()
#Quicksort is internally implemented
#Reliable signals
#Reliable stack pointers
#More generous treatment of carriage returns
#Memory leaks
#Better support for multiple interpreters
#Behavior of local() on array and hash elements is now well-defined
#%! is transparently tied to theErrno module
#Pseudo-hashes are supported
#EXPR foreach EXPR is supported
#Keywords can be globally overridden
#$^E is meaningful on Win32
#foreach (1..1000000) optimized
#Foo:: can be used as implicitly quoted package name
#exists $Foo::{Bar::} tests existence of a package
#Better locale support
#Experimental support for 64-bit platforms
#prototype() returns useful results on builtins
#Extended support for exception handling
#Re-blessing in DESTROY() supported for chaining DESTROY() methods
#Allprintf format conversions are handled internally
#NewINIT keyword
#Newlock keyword
#Newqr// operator
#our is now a reserved word
#Tied arrays are now fully supported
#Tied handles support is better
#4th argument to substr
#Negative LENGTH argument to splice
#Magic lvalues are now more magical
#<> now reads in records

#Supported Platforms

#New Platforms
#Changes in existing support

#Modules and Pragmata

#New Modules: B, Data::Dumper, Dumpvalue, Errno, File::Spec, ExtUtils::Installed, ExtUtils::Packlist, Fatal, IPC::SysV, Test, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle, Thread, attrs, fields, re
#Changes in existing modules: Benchmark, Carp, CGI, Fcntl, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, POSIX, DB_File, MakeMaker, CPAN, Cwd

#Utility Changes

#Documentation Changes

#New Diagnostics

Ambiguous call resolved as CORE::%s(), qualify as such or use &, Bad index while coercing array into hash, Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent package, Can't call method "%s" on an undefined value, Can't check filesystem of script "%s" for nosuid, Can't coerce array into hash, Can't goto subroutine from an eval-string, Can't localize pseudo-hash element, Can't use %%! because Errno.pm is not available, Cannot find an opnumber for "%s", Character class syntax [. .] is reserved for future extensions, Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Character class syntax [= =] is reserved for future extensions, %s: Eval-group in insecure regular expression, %s: Eval-group not allowed, use re 'eval', %s: Eval-group not allowed at run time, Explicit blessing to '' (assuming package main), Illegal hex digit ignored, No such array field, No such field "%s" in variable %s of type %s, Out of memory during ridiculously large request, Range iterator outside integer range, Recursive inheritance detected while looking for method '%s' %s, Reference found where even-sized list expected, Undefined value assigned to typeglob, Use of reserved word "%s" is deprecated, perl: warning: Setting locale failed

#Obsolete Diagnostics

Can't mktemp(), Can't write to temp file for-e: %s, Cannot open temporary file, regexp too big

#Configuration Changes

#BUGS

#SEE ALSO

#HISTORY

#perl5004delta - what's new for perl5.004

#DESCRIPTION

#Supported Environments

#Core Changes

#List assignment to %ENV works
#Change to "Can't locate Foo.pm in @INC" error
#Compilation option: Binary compatibility with 5.003
#$PERL5OPT environment variable
#Limitations on-M,-m, and-T options
#More precise warnings
#Deprecated: InheritedAUTOLOAD for non-methods
#Previously deprecated %OVERLOAD is no longer usable
#Subroutine arguments created only when they're modified
#Group vector changeable with$)
#Fixed parsing of $$<digit>, &$<digit>, etc.
#Fixed localization of $<digit>, $&, etc.
#No resetting of $. on implicit close
#wantarray may return undef
#eval EXPR determines value of EXPR in scalar context
#Changes to tainting checks: No glob() or <*>, No spawning if tainted $CDPATH, $ENV, $BASH_ENV, No spawning if tainted $TERM doesn't look like a terminal name
#New Opcode module and revised Safe module
#Embedding improvements
#Internal change: FileHandle class based on IO::* classes
#Internal change: PerlIO abstraction interface
#New and changed syntax: $coderef->(PARAMS)
#New and changed builtin constants: __PACKAGE__
#New and changed builtin variables: $^E, $^H, $^M
#New and changed builtin functions: delete on slices, flock, printf and sprintf, keys as an lvalue, my() in Control Structures, pack() and unpack(), sysseek(), use VERSION, use Module VERSION LIST, prototype(FUNCTION), srand, $_ as Default,m//gc does not reset search position on failure,m//x ignores whitespace before ?*+{}, nestedsub{} closures work now, formats work right on changing lexicals
#New builtin methods: isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
#TIEHANDLE now supported: TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, LIST, READ this LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, DESTROY this
#Malloc enhancements: -DPERL_EMERGENCY_SBRK, -DPACK_MALLOC, -DTWO_POT_OPTIMIZE
#Miscellaneous efficiency enhancements

#Support for More Operating Systems

#Win32
#Plan 9
#QNX
#AmigaOS

#Pragmata

use autouse MODULE => qw(sub1 sub2 sub3), use blib, use blib 'dir', use constant NAME => VALUE, use locale, use ops, use vmsish

#Modules

#Required Updates
#Installation directories
#Module information summary
#Fcntl
#IO
#Math::Complex
#Math::Trig
#DB_File
#Net::Ping
#Object-oriented overrides for builtin operators

#Utility Changes

#pod2html: Sends converted HTML to standard output
#xsubpp: void XSUBs now default to returning nothing

#C Language API Changes

gv_fetchmethod andperl_call_sv,perl_eval_pv, Extended API for manipulating hashes

#Documentation Changes

perldelta,perlfaq,perllocale,perltoot,perlapio,perlmodlib,perldebug,perlsec

#New Diagnostics

"my" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same scope, %s argument is not a HASH element or slice, Allocation too large: %lx, Allocation too large, Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s), Attempt to free nonexistent shared string, Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr, Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent package, Can't redefine active sort subroutine %s, Can't use bareword ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in use, Cannot resolve method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `%s', Constant subroutine %s redefined, Constant subroutine %s undefined, Copy method did not return a reference, Died, Exiting pseudo-block via %s, Identifier too long, Illegal character %s (carriage return), Illegal switch in PERL5OPT: %s, Integer overflow in hex number, Integer overflow in octal number, internal error: glob failed, Invalid conversion in %s: "%s", Invalid type in pack: '%s', Invalid type in unpack: '%s', Name "%s::%s" used only once: possible typo, Null picture in formline, Offset outside string, Out of memory!, Out of memory during request for %s, panic: frexp, Possible attempt to put comments in qw() list, Possible attempt to separate words with commas, Scalar value @%s{%s} better written as $%s{%s}, Stub found while resolving method `%s' overloading `%s' in %s, Too late for "-T" option, untie attempted while %d inner references still exist, Unrecognized character %s, Unsupported function fork, Use of "$$<digit>" to mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated, Value of %s can be "0"; test with defined(), Variable "%s" may be unavailable, Variable "%s" will not stay shared, Warning: something's wrong, Ill-formed logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, Got an error from DosAllocMem, Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX, PERL_SH_DIR too long, Process terminated by SIG%s

#BUGS

#SEE ALSO

#HISTORY

#perlartistic - the Perl Artistic License

#SYNOPSIS

#DESCRIPTION

#The "Artistic License"

#Preamble
#Definitions: "Package", "Standard Version", "Copyright Holder", "You", "Reasonable copying fee", "Freely Available"
#Conditions: a), b), c), d), a), b), c), d)

#perlgpl - the GNU General Public License, version 2

#SYNOPSIS

#DESCRIPTION
#GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE

#perlaix, README.aix - Perl version 5 on IBM Unix (AIX) systems

#DESCRIPTION

#Compiling Perl 5 on AIX
#OS level
#Building Dynamic Extensions on AIX
#The IBM ANSI C Compiler
#The usenm option
#Using GNU's gcc for building perl
#Using Large Files with Perl
#Threaded Perl
#64-bit Perl
#AIX 4.2 and extensions using C++ with statics

#AUTHOR

#DATE

#perlamiga - Perl under Amiga OS

#NOTE
#SYNOPSIS

#DESCRIPTION

#Prerequisites for Compiling Perl on AmigaOS: Unix emulation for AmigaOS: ixemul.library,Version of Amiga OS
#Starting Perl programs under AmigaOS
#Shortcomings of Perl under AmigaOS

#INSTALLATION

#Accessing documentation

#Manpages for Perl on AmigaOS
#Perl HTML Documentation on AmigaOS
#Perl GNU Info Files on AmigaOS
#Perl LaTeX Documentation on AmigaOS

#BUILDING PERL ON AMIGAOS

#Build Prerequisites for Perl on AmigaOS
#Getting the Perl Source for AmigaOS
#Making Perl on AmigaOS
#Testing Perl on AmigaOS
#Installing the built Perl on AmigaOS

#PERL 5.8.0 BROKEN IN AMIGAOS

#AUTHORS

#SEE ALSO

#perlapollo, README.apollo - Perl version 5 on Apollo DomainOS

#DESCRIPTION
#AUTHOR

#perlbeos, README.beos - Perl version 5 on BeOS

#DESCRIPTION

#General Issues with Perl on BeOS
#BeOS Release-specific Notes: R4 x86, R4 PPC
#Contact Information
#Update 2002-05-30

#perlbs2000, README.BS2000 - building and installing Perl for BS2000.

#SYNOPSIS

#DESCRIPTION

#gzip on BS2000
#bison on BS2000
#Unpacking Perl Distribution on BS2000
#Compiling Perl on BS2000
#Testing Perl on BS2000
#Installing Perl on BS2000
#Using Perl in the Posix-Shell of BS2000
#Using Perl in "native" BS2000
#Floating point anomalies on BS2000
#Using PerlIO and different encodings on ASCII and EBCDIC partitions

#AUTHORS

#SEE ALSO

#Mailing list

#HISTORY

#perlce - Perl for WinCE

#DESCRIPTION

#BUILD

#Tools & SDK: Microsoft Embedded Visual Tools, Microsoft Visual C++, Rainer Keuchel's celib-sources, Rainer Keuchel's console-sources
#Make: go to ./wince subdirectory, edit file compile.bat, run compile.bat, run compile.bat dist

#ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

#AUTHORS

#perlcygwin, README.cygwin - Perl for Cygwin

#SYNOPSIS

#PREREQUISITES FOR COMPILING PERL ON CYGWIN

#Cygwin = GNU+Cygnus+Windows (Don't leave UNIX without it)
#Cygwin Configuration: PATH,nroff, Permissions

#CONFIGURE PERL ON CYGWIN

#Stripping Perl Binaries on Cygwin
#Optional Libraries for Perl on Cygwin: -lcrypt,-lgdbm (use GDBM_File),-ldb (use DB_File),-lcygipc (use IPC::SysV),-lutil
#Configure-time Options for Perl on Cygwin: -Uusedl,-Uusemymalloc,-Uuseperlio,-Dusemultiplicity,-Duse64bitint,-Duselongdouble,-Dusethreads,-Duselargefiles,-Dmksymlinks
#Suspicious Warnings on Cygwin: dlsym(), Win9x andd_eofnblk, Compiler/Preprocessor defines

#MAKE ON CYGWIN

#Errors on Cygwin
#ld2 on Cygwin

#TEST ON CYGWIN

#File Permissions on Cygwin
#NDBM_File and ODBM_File do not work on FAT filesystems
#fork() failures in io_* tests
#Script Portability on Cygwin: Pathnames, Text/Binary, PerlIO,.exe,chown(), Miscellaneous

#INSTALL PERL ON CYGWIN

#MANIFEST ON CYGWIN

Documentation, Build, Configure, Make, Install, Tests, Compiled Perl Source, Compiled Module Source, Perl Modules/Scripts

#BUGS ON CYGWIN

#AUTHORS

#HISTORY

#perldgux - Perl under DG/UX.

#SYNOPSIS

#DESCRIPTION

#BUILDING PERL ON DG/UX

#Non-threaded Perl on DG/UX
#Threaded Perl on DG/UX
#Testing Perl on DG/UX
#Installing the built perl on DG/UX

#AUTHOR

#SEE ALSO

#perldos - Perl under DOS, W31, W95.

#SYNOPSIS

#DESCRIPTION

#Prerequisites for Compiling Perl on DOS: DJGPP, Pthreads
#Shortcomings of Perl under DOS
#Building Perl on DOS
#Testing Perl on DOS
#Installation of Perl on DOS

#BUILDING AND INSTALLING MODULES ON DOS

#Building Prerequisites for Perl on DOS
#Unpacking CPAN Modules on DOS
#Building Non-XS Modules on DOS
#Building XS Modules on DOS

#AUTHOR

#SEE ALSO

#perlepoc, README.epoc - Perl for EPOC

#SYNOPSIS

#INTRODUCTION

#INSTALLING PERL ON EPOC

#STARTING PERL ON EPOC

#Editors on Epoc
#Features of Perl on Epoc
#Restrictions of Perl on Epoc
#Compiling Perl 5 on the EPOC cross compiling environment

#SUPPORT STATUS OF PERL ON EPOC

#AUTHOR

#LAST UPDATE

#perlfreebsd, README.freebsd - Perl version 5 on FreeBSD systems

#DESCRIPTION

#FreeBSD core dumps from readdir_r with ithreads
#$^X doesn't always contain a full path in FreeBSD
#Perl will no longer be part of "base FreeBSD"

#AUTHOR

#perlhpux, README.hpux - Perl version 5 on Hewlett-Packard Unix (HP-UX) systems

#DESCRIPTION

#Using perl as shipped with HP-UX
#Using perl from HP's porting centre
#Compiling Perl 5 on HP-UX
#PA-RISC
#PA-RISC 1.0
#PA-RISC 1.1
#PA-RISC 2.0
#Itanium
#Portability Between PA-RISC Versions
#Itanium Processor Family and HP-UX
#Building Dynamic Extensions on HP-UX
#The HP ANSI C Compiler
#The GNU C Compiler
#Using Large Files with Perl on HP-UX
#Threaded Perl on HP-UX
#64-bit Perl on HP-UX
#Oracle on HP-UX
#GDBM and Threads on HP-UX
#NFS filesystems and utime(2) on HP-UX
#perl -P and // and HP-UX
#HP-UX Kernel Parameters (maxdsiz) for Compiling Perl

#nss_delete core dump from op/pwent or op/grent

#AUTHOR

#DATE

#perlhurd, README.hurd - Perl version 5 on Hurd

#DESCRIPTION

#Known Problems with Perl on Hurd

#AUTHOR

#perlirix, README.irix - Perl version 5 on Irix systems

#DESCRIPTION

#Building 32-bit Perl in Irix
#Building 64-bit Perl in Irix
#About Compiler Versions of Irix
#Linker Problems in Irix
#Malloc in Irix
#Building with threads in Irix
#Irix 5.3

#AUTHOR

#perlmachten, README.machten - Perl version 5 on Power MachTen systems

#DESCRIPTION

#Compiling Perl 5 on MachTen
#Failures duringmake test on MachTen: op/lexassign.t, pragma/warnings.t
#Building external modules on MachTen

#AUTHOR

#DATE

#perlmacos, README.macos - Perl under Mac OS (Classic)

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION
#AUTHOR
#DATE

#perlmacosx, README.macosx - Perl under Mac OS X

#SYNOPSIS

#DESCRIPTION

#Installation Prefix
#libperl and Prebinding
#Updating Panther
#Known problems
#MacPerl
#Carbon
#Cocoa

#Starting From Scratch

#AUTHOR

#DATE

#perlmint, README.mint - Perl version 5 on Atari MiNT

#DESCRIPTION
#Known problems with Perl on MiNT
#AUTHOR

#perlmpeix, README.mpeix - Perl/iX for HP e3000 MPE

#SYNOPSIS

#NOTE

#Binary distribution from HP

#What's New in Perl for MPE/iX

#Welcome to Perl/iX

#System Requirements for Perl/iX

#How to Obtain Perl/iX

#Perl/iX Distribution Contents Highlights

README, INSTALL, LIBSHP3K, PERL, .cpan/, lib/, man/, public_html/feedback.cgi, src/perl-5.6.0-mpe

#How to Compile Perl/iX

4,  6

#Getting Started with Perl/iX

#MPE/iX Implementation Considerations

#Known Perl/iX Bugs Under Investigation

#Perl/iX To-Do List

#Perl/iX Change History

#AUTHOR

#perlnetware - Perl for NetWare

#DESCRIPTION

#BUILD

#Tools & SDK
#Setup: SetNWBld.bat, Buildtype.bat
#Make
#Interpreter
#Extensions

#INSTALL

#BUILD NEW EXTENSIONS

#ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

#AUTHORS

#DATE

#perlos2 - Perl under OS/2, DOS, Win0.3*, Win0.95 and WinNT.

#SYNOPSIS

#DESCRIPTION

#Target
#Other OSes
#Prerequisites: EMX, RSX, HPFS, pdksh
#Starting Perl programs under OS/2 (and DOS and...)
#Starting OS/2 (and DOS) programs under Perl

#Frequently asked questions

#"It does not work"
#I cannot run external programs
#I cannot embed perl into my program, or useperl.dll from my program.: Is your program EMX-compiled with-Zmt -Zcrtdll?, Did you useExtUtils::Embed?
#`` and pipe-open do not work under DOS.
#Cannot startfind.exe "pattern" file

#INSTALLATION

#Automatic binary installation: PERL_BADLANG,PERL_BADFREE,Config.pm
#Manual binary installation: Perl VIO and PM executables (dynamically linked), Perl_ VIO executable (statically linked), Executables for Perl utilities, Main Perl library, Additional Perl modules, Tools to compile Perl modules, Manpages for Perl and utilities, Manpages for Perl modules, Source for Perl documentation, Perl manual in.INF format, Pdksh
#Warning

#Accessing documentation

#OS/2.INF file
#Plain text
#Manpages
#HTML
#GNUinfo files
#PDF files
#LaTeX docs

#BUILD

#The short story
#Prerequisites
#Getting perl source
#Application of the patches
#Hand-editing
#Making
#Testing: A lot ofbad free, Process terminated by SIGTERM/SIGINT,op/fs.t,op/stat.t
#Installing the built perl
#a.out-style build

#Building a binary distribution

#Building custom.EXE files

#Making executables with a custom collection of statically loaded extensions
#Making executables with a custom search-paths

#Build FAQ

#Some/ became\ in pdksh.
#'errno' - unresolved external
#Problems with tr or sed
#Some problem (forget which ;-)
#Library ... not found
#Segfault in make
#op/sprintf test failure

#Specific (mis)features of OS/2 port

#setpriority,getpriority
#system()
#extproc on the first line
#Additional modules:
#Prebuilt methods:: File::Copy::syscopy,DynaLoader::mod2fname,Cwd::current_drive(),Cwd::sys_chdir(name),Cwd::change_drive(name),Cwd::sys_is_absolute(name),Cwd::sys_is_rooted(name),Cwd::sys_is_relative(name),Cwd::sys_cwd(name),Cwd::sys_abspath(name, dir),Cwd::extLibpath([type]),Cwd::extLibpath_set( path [, type ] ),OS2::Error(do_harderror,do_exception),OS2::Errors2Drive(drive), OS2::SysInfo(), OS2::BootDrive(),OS2::MorphPM(serve),OS2::UnMorphPM(serve),OS2::Serve_Messages(force),OS2::Process_Messages(force [, cnt]),OS2::_control87(new,mask), OS2::get_control87(),OS2::set_control87_em(new=MCW_EM,mask=MCW_EM),OS2::DLLname([how [, \&xsub]])
#Prebuilt variables:: $OS2::emx_rev, $OS2::emx_env, $OS2::os_ver, $OS2::is_aout, $OS2::can_fork, $OS2::nsyserror
#Misfeatures
#Modifications: popen,tmpnam,tmpfile,ctermid,stat,mkdir,rmdir,flock
#Identifying DLLs
#Centralized management of resources: HAB,HMQ, Treating errors reported by OS/2 API,CheckOSError(expr),CheckWinError(expr),SaveWinError(expr),SaveCroakWinError(expr,die,name1,name2),WinError_2_Perl_rc,FillWinError,FillOSError(rc), Loading DLLs and ordinals in DLLs

#Perl flavors

#perl.exe
#perl_.exe
#perl__.exe
#perl___.exe
#Why strange names?
#Why dynamic linking?
#Why chimera build?

#ENVIRONMENT

#PERLLIB_PREFIX
#PERL_BADLANG
#PERL_BADFREE
#PERL_SH_DIR
#USE_PERL_FLOCK
#TMP orTEMP

#Evolution

#Text-mode filehandles
#Priorities
#DLL name mangling: pre 5.6.2
#DLL name mangling: 5.6.2 and beyond: Global DLLs, specific DLLs,BEGINLIBPATH andENDLIBPATH,. fromLIBPATH
#DLL forwarder generation
#Threading
#Calls to external programs
#Memory allocation
#Threads: COND_WAIT,os2.c

#BUGS

#AUTHOR
#SEE ALSO

#perlos390, README.os390 - building and installing Perl for OS/390 and z/OS

#SYNOPSIS

#DESCRIPTION

#Tools
#Unpacking Perl distribution on OS/390
#Setup and utilities for Perl on OS/390
#Configure Perl on OS/390
#Build, Test, Install Perl on OS/390
#Build Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
#Testing Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
#Installation Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
#Usage Hints for Perl on OS/390
#Floating Point Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
#Modules and Extensions for Perl on OS/390

#AUTHORS

#SEE ALSO

#Mailing list for Perl on OS/390

#HISTORY

#perlos400, README.os400 - Perl version 5 on OS/400

#DESCRIPTION

#Compiling Perl for OS/400 PASE
#Installing Perl in OS/400 PASE
#Using Perl in OS/400 PASE
#Known Problems
#Perl on ILE

#AUTHORS

#perlplan9 - Plan 9-specific documentation for Perl

#DESCRIPTION

#Invoking Perl
#What's in Plan 9 Perl
#What's not in Plan 9 Perl
#Perl5 Functions not currently supported in Plan 9 Perl
#Signals in Plan 9 Perl

#COMPILING AND INSTALLING PERL ON PLAN 9

#Installing Perl Documentation on Plan 9

#BUGS

#Revision date

#AUTHOR

#perlqnx, README.qnx - Perl version 5 on QNX

#DESCRIPTION

#Required Software for Compiling Perl on QNX4: /bin/sh, ar, nm, cpp, make
#Outstanding Issues with Perl on QNX4
#QNX auxiliary files: qnx/ar, qnx/cpp
#Outstanding issues with perl under QNX6

#AUTHOR

#perlsolaris, README.solaris - Perl version 5 on Solaris systems

#DESCRIPTION

#Solaris Version Numbers.

#RESOURCES

Solaris FAQ, Precompiled Binaries, Solaris Documentation

#SETTING UP

#File Extraction Problems on Solaris.
#Compiler and Related Tools on Solaris.
#Environment for Compiling perl on Solaris

#RUN CONFIGURE.

#64-bit perl on Solaris.
#Threads in perl on Solaris.
#Malloc Issues with perl on Solaris.

#MAKE PROBLEMS.

Dynamic Loading Problems With GNU as and GNU ld, ld.so.1: ./perl: fatal: relocation error:, dlopen: stub interception failed, #error "No DATAMODEL_NATIVE specified", sh: ar: not found

#MAKE TEST

#op/stat.t test 4 in Solaris
#nss_delete core dump from op/pwent or op/grent

#PREBUILT BINARIES OF PERL FOR SOLARIS.

#RUNTIME ISSUES FOR PERL ON SOLARIS.

#Limits on Numbers of Open Files on Solaris.

#SOLARIS-SPECIFIC MODULES.

#SOLARIS-SPECIFIC PROBLEMS WITH MODULES.

#Proc::ProcessTable on Solaris
#BSD::Resource on Solaris
#Net::SSLeay on Solaris

#SunOS 4.x

#AUTHOR

#LAST MODIFIED

#perltru64, README.tru64 - Perl version 5 on Tru64 (formerly known as Digital UNIX formerly known as DEC OSF/1) systems

#DESCRIPTION

#Compiling Perl 5 on Tru64
#Using Large Files with Perl on Tru64
#Threaded Perl on Tru64
#Long Doubles on Tru64
#DB_File tests failing on Tru64
#64-bit Perl on Tru64
#Warnings about floating-point overflow when compiling Perl on Tru64

#Testing Perl on Tru64

#ext/ODBM_File/odbm Test Failing With Static Builds

#Perl Fails Because Of Unresolved Symbol sockatmark

#AUTHOR

#perluts - Perl under UTS

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION
#BUILDING PERL ON UTS
#Installing the built perl on UTS
#AUTHOR

#perlvmesa, README.vmesa - building and installing Perl for VM/ESA.

#SYNOPSIS

#DESCRIPTION

#Unpacking Perl Distribution on VM/ESA
#Setup Perl and utilities on VM/ESA
#Configure Perl on VM/ESA
#Testing Anomalies of Perl on VM/ESA
#Usage Hints for Perl on VM/ESA

#AUTHORS

#SEE ALSO

#Mailing list for Perl on VM/ESA

#perlvms - VMS-specific documentation for Perl

#DESCRIPTION

#Installation

#Organization of Perl Images

#Core Images
#Perl Extensions
#Installing static extensions
#Installing dynamic extensions

#File specifications

#Syntax
#Wildcard expansion
#Pipes

#PERL5LIB and PERLLIB

#Command line

#I/O redirection and backgrounding
#Command line switches: -i, -S, -u

#Perl functions

File tests, backticks, binmode FILEHANDLE, crypt PLAINTEXT, USER, dump, exec LIST, fork, getpwent, getpwnam, getpwuid, gmtime, kill, qx//, select (system call), stat EXPR, system LIST, time, times, unlink LIST, utime LIST, waitpid PID,FLAGS

#Perl variables

%ENV, CRTL_ENV, CLISYM_[LOCAL], Any other string, $!, $^E, $?, $|

#Standard modules with VMS-specific differences

#SDBM_File

#Revision date

#AUTHOR

#perlvos, README.vos - Perl for Stratus VOS

#SYNOPSIS

#Multiple methods to build perl for VOS
#Stratus POSIX Support

#INSTALLING PERL IN VOS

#Compiling Perl 5 on VOS
#Installing Perl 5 on VOS

#USING PERL IN VOS

#Unimplemented Features of Perl on VOS
#Restrictions of Perl on VOS
#Handling of underflow and overflow

#TEST STATUS

#SUPPORT STATUS

#AUTHOR

#LAST UPDATE

#perlwin32 - Perl under Windows

#SYNOPSIS

#DESCRIPTION

#Setting Up Perl on Win32: Make, Command Shell, Borland C++, Microsoft Visual C++, Microsoft Platform SDK 64-bit Compiler, MinGW32 with gcc, MinGW release 1
#Building
#Testing Perl on Win32
#Installation of Perl on Win32
#Usage Hints for Perl on Win32: Environment Variables, File Globbing, Using perl from the command line, Building Extensions, Command-line Wildcard Expansion, Win32 Specific Extensions, Notes on 64-bit Windows
#Running Perl Scripts: Miscellaneous Things

#BUGS AND CAVEATS

#AUTHORS

Gary Ng <71564.1743@CompuServe.COM>, Gurusamy Sarathy <gsar@activestate.com>, Nick Ing-Simmons <nick@ing-simmons.net>

#SEE ALSO

#HISTORY

#PRAGMA DOCUMENTATION

#attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION: method, locked

#re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION

#threadshared::shared, threads::shared - Perl extension for sharing data structures between threads

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION
#EXPORT
#FUNCTIONS: share VARIABLE, lock VARIABLE, cond_wait VARIABLE, cond_wait CONDVAR, LOCKVAR, cond_timedwait VARIABLE, ABS_TIMEOUT, cond_timedwait CONDVAR, ABS_TIMEOUT, LOCKVAR, cond_signal VARIABLE, cond_broadcast VARIABLE
#NOTES
#BUGS
#AUTHOR
#SEE ALSO

#threads - Perl extension allowing use of interpreter based threads from perl

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION: $thread = threads->create(function, LIST), $thread->join, $thread->detach, threads->self, $thread->tid, threads->object( tid ), threads->yield();, threads->list();, async BLOCK;
#WARNINGS: A thread exited while %d other threads were still running
#TODO
#BUGS: Parent-Child threads, Returning objects, Creating threads inside BEGIN blocks, PERL_OLD_SIGNALS are not threadsafe, will not be, Detached threads on Windows
#AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
#SEE ALSO

#attributes - get/set subroutine or variable attributes

#SYNOPSIS

#DESCRIPTION

#Built-in Attributes: locked, method, lvalue
#Available Subroutines: get, reftype
#Package-specific Attribute Handling: FETCH_type_ATTRIBUTES, MODIFY_type_ATTRIBUTES
#Syntax of Attribute Lists

#EXPORTS

#Default exports
#Available exports
#Export tags defined

#EXAMPLES

#SEE ALSO

#autouse - postpone load of modules until a function is used

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION
#WARNING
#AUTHOR
#SEE ALSO

#base - Establish IS-A relationship with base classes at compile time

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION
#HISTORY
#CAVEATS
#SEE ALSO

#bigint - Transparent BigInteger support for Perl

#SYNOPSIS

#DESCRIPTION

#OPTIONS: a or accuracy, p or precision, t or trace, l or lib, v or version
#MATH LIBRARY
#INTERNAL FORMAT
#SIGN
#METHODS
#CAVEAT

#MODULES USED

#EXAMPLES

#LICENSE

#SEE ALSO

#AUTHORS

#bignum - Transparent BigNumber support for Perl

#SYNOPSIS

#DESCRIPTION

#OPTIONS: a or accuracy, p or precision, t or trace, l or lib, v or version
#METHODS
#CAVEAT: inf(), NaN(), upgrade()
#MATH LIBRARY
#INTERNAL FORMAT
#SIGN

#MODULES USED

#EXAMPLES

#LICENSE

#SEE ALSO

#AUTHORS

#bigrat - Transparent BigNumber/BigRational support for Perl

#SYNOPSIS

#DESCRIPTION

#MODULES USED
#MATH LIBRARY
#SIGN
#METHODS
#CAVEAT

#EXAMPLES

perl -Mbigrat -le 'print sqrt(33)'perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 2*255'perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 4.5+2*255'perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 3/7 + 5/7 + 8/3'perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 12->is_odd()';

#LICENSE

#SEE ALSO

#AUTHORS

#blib - Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION
#BUGS
#AUTHOR

#bytes - Perl pragma to force byte semantics rather than character semantics

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION
#LIMITATIONS
#SEE ALSO

#charnames - define character names for`\N{named}` string literal escapes

#SYNOPSIS

#DESCRIPTION

#CUSTOM TRANSLATORS

#CUSTOM ALIASES

#Anonymous hashes
#Alias file
#Alias shortcut

#charnames::viacode(code)

#charnames::vianame(name)

#ALIASES

#ILLEGAL CHARACTERS

#BUGS

#constant - Perl pragma to declare constants

#SYNOPSIS

#DESCRIPTION

#NOTES

#List constants
#Defining multiple constants at once
#Magic constants

#TECHNICAL NOTES

#BUGS

#AUTHOR

#COPYRIGHT

#diagnostics, splain - produce verbose warning diagnostics

#SYNOPSIS

#DESCRIPTION

#Thediagnostics Pragma
#Thesplain Program

#EXAMPLES

#INTERNALS

#BUGS

#AUTHOR

#encoding - allows you to write your script in non-ascii or non-utf8

#SYNOPSIS

#ABSTRACT

#Literal Conversions
#PerlIO layers forSTD(IN|OUT)
#Implicit upgrading for byte strings

#FEATURES THAT REQUIRE 5.8.1

"NON-EUC" doublebyte encodings, tr//, DATA pseudo-filehandle

#USAGE

use encoding [ENCNAME] ;, use encodingENCNAME [ STDIN =>ENCNAME_IN ...] ;, use encodingENCNAME Filter=>1;, no encoding;

#The Filter Option

#Filter-related changes at Encode version 1.87

#CAVEATS

#NOT SCOPED
#DO NOT MIX MULTIPLE ENCODINGS
#tr/// with ranges: Legend of characters above

#EXAMPLE - Greekperl

#KNOWN PROBLEMS

literals in regex that are longer than 127 bytes, EBCDIC, format

#HISTORY

#SEE ALSO

#fields - compile-time class fields

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION: new, phash
#SEE ALSO

#filetest - Perl pragma to control the filetest permission operators

#SYNOPSIS

#DESCRIPTION

#subpragma access

#if -`use` a Perl module if a condition holds

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION
#BUGS
#AUTHOR

#integer - Perl pragma to use integer arithmetic instead of floating point

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION

#less - perl pragma to request less of something from the compiler

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION

#lib - manipulate @INC at compile time

#SYNOPSIS

#DESCRIPTION

#Adding directories to @INC
#Deleting directories from @INC
#Restoring original @INC

#CAVEATS

#NOTES

#SEE ALSO

#AUTHOR

#locale - Perl pragma to use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in operations

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION

#open - perl pragma to set default PerlIO layers for input and output

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION
#NONPERLIO FUNCTIONALITY
#IMPLEMENTATION DETAILS
#SEE ALSO

#ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when compiling

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION
#SEE ALSO

#overload - Package for overloading perl operations

#SYNOPSIS

#DESCRIPTION

#Declaration of overloaded functions
#Calling Conventions for Binary Operations: FALSE, TRUE,undef
#Calling Conventions for Unary Operations
#Calling Conventions for Mutators: ++ and--,x= and other assignment versions
#Overloadable Operations: Arithmetic operations,Comparison operations,Bit operations,Increment and decrement,Transcendental functions,Boolean, string and numeric conversion,Iteration,Dereferencing,Special
#Inheritance and overloading: Strings as values ofuse overload directive, Overloading of an operation is inherited by derived classes

#SPECIAL SYMBOLS FORuse overload

#Last Resort
#Fallback: undef, TRUE, defined, but FALSE
#Copy Constructor: Example

#MAGIC AUTOGENERATION

Assignment forms of arithmetic operations,Conversion operations,Increment and decrement,abs($a),Unary minus,Negation,Concatenation,Comparison operations,Iterator,Dereferencing,Copy operator

#Losing overloading

#Run-time Overloading

#Public functions

overload::StrVal(arg), overload::Overloaded(arg), overload::Method(obj,op)

#Overloading constants

integer, float, binary, q, qr

#IMPLEMENTATION

#Metaphor clash

#Cookbook

#Two-face scalars
#Two-face references
#Symbolic calculator
#Really symbolic calculator

#AUTHOR

#DIAGNOSTICS

Odd number of arguments for overload::constant, `%s' is not an overloadable type, `%s' is not a code reference

#BUGS

#sigtrap - Perl pragma to enable simple signal handling

#SYNOPSIS

#DESCRIPTION

#OPTIONS

#SIGNAL HANDLERS: stack-trace,die,handleryour-handler
#SIGNAL LISTS: normal-signals,error-signals,old-interface-signals
#OTHER: untrapped,any,signal,number

#EXAMPLES

#sort - perl pragma to control sort() behaviour

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION
#CAVEATS

#strict - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe constructs

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION: strict refs,strict vars,strict subs
#HISTORY

#subs - Perl pragma to predeclare sub names

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION

#threadshared, threads::shared - Perl extension for sharing data structures between threads

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION
#EXPORT
#FUNCTIONS: share VARIABLE, lock VARIABLE, cond_wait VARIABLE, cond_wait CONDVAR, LOCKVAR, cond_timedwait VARIABLE, ABS_TIMEOUT, cond_timedwait CONDVAR, ABS_TIMEOUT, LOCKVAR, cond_signal VARIABLE, cond_broadcast VARIABLE
#NOTES
#BUGS
#AUTHOR
#SEE ALSO

#utf8 - Perl pragma to enable/disable UTF-8 (or UTF-EBCDIC) in source code

#SYNOPSIS

#DESCRIPTION

#Utility functions: $num_octets = utf8::upgrade($string), $success = utf8::downgrade($string[, FAIL_OK]), utf8::encode($string), utf8::decode($string), $flag = utf8::is_utf8(STRING), $flag = utf8::valid(STRING)

#BUGS

#SEE ALSO

#vars - Perl pragma to predeclare global variable names (obsolete)

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION

#vmsish - Perl pragma to control VMS-specific language features

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION: vmsish status,vmsish exit,vmsish time,vmsish hushed

#warnings - Perl pragma to control optional warnings

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION: use warnings::register, warnings::enabled(), warnings::enabled($category), warnings::enabled($object), warnings::warn($message), warnings::warn($category, $message), warnings::warn($object, $message), warnings::warnif($message), warnings::warnif($category, $message), warnings::warnif($object, $message)

#warnings::register - warnings import function

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION

#MODULE DOCUMENTATION

#AnyDBM_File - provide framework for multiple DBMs

#SYNOPSIS

#DESCRIPTION

#DBM Comparisons: [0], [1], [2], [3]

#SEE ALSO

#Attribute::Handlers - Simpler definition of attribute handlers

#VERSION

#SYNOPSIS

#DESCRIPTION

[0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]

#Typed lexicals
#Type-specific attribute handlers
#Non-interpretive attribute handlers
#Phase-specific attribute handlers
#Attributes astie interfaces

#EXAMPLES

#DIAGNOSTICS

Bad attribute type: ATTR(%s),Attribute handler %s doesn't handle %s attributes,Declaration of %s attribute in package %s may clash with future reserved word,Can't have two ATTR specifiers on one subroutine,Can't autotie a %s,Internal error: %s symbol went missing,Won't be able to apply END handler

#AUTHOR

#BUGS

#COPYRIGHT

#AutoLoader - load subroutines only on demand

#SYNOPSIS

#DESCRIPTION

#Subroutine Stubs
#UsingAutoLoader's AUTOLOAD Subroutine
#OverridingAutoLoader's AUTOLOAD Subroutine
#Package Lexicals
#Not Using AutoLoader
#AutoLoader vs.SelfLoader

#CAVEATS

#SEE ALSO

#AutoSplit - split a package for autoloading

#SYNOPSIS

#DESCRIPTION

$keep, $check, $modtime

#Multiple packages

#DIAGNOSTICS

#B - The Perl Compiler

#SYNOPSIS

#DESCRIPTION

#OVERVIEW

#Utility Functions

#Functions ReturningB::SV,B::AV,B::HV, andB::CV objects: sv_undef, sv_yes, sv_no, svref_2object(SVREF), amagic_generation, init_av, check_av, begin_av, end_av, comppadlist, regex_padav, main_cv
#Functions for Examining the Symbol Table: walksymtable(SYMREF, METHOD, RECURSE, PREFIX)
#Functions ReturningB::OP objects or for walking op trees: main_root, main_start, walkoptree(OP, METHOD), walkoptree_debug(DEBUG)
#Miscellaneous Utility Functions: ppname(OPNUM), hash(STR), cast_I32(I), minus_c, cstring(STR), perlstring(STR), class(OBJ), threadsv_names

#OVERVIEW OF CLASSES

#SV-RELATED CLASSES
#B::SV Methods: REFCNT, FLAGS, object_2svref
#B::IV Methods: IV, IVX, UVX, int_value, needs64bits, packiv
#B::NV Methods: NV, NVX
#B::RV Methods: RV
#B::PV Methods: PV, RV, PVX
#B::PVMG Methods: MAGIC, SvSTASH
#B::MAGIC Methods: MOREMAGIC, precomp, PRIVATE, TYPE, FLAGS, OBJ, PTR, REGEX
#B::PVLV Methods: TARGOFF, TARGLEN, TYPE, TARG
#B::BM Methods: USEFUL, PREVIOUS, RARE, TABLE
#B::GV Methods: is_empty, NAME, SAFENAME, STASH, SV, IO, FORM, AV, HV, EGV, CV, CVGEN, LINE, FILE, FILEGV, GvREFCNT, FLAGS
#B::IO Methods: LINES, PAGE, PAGE_LEN, LINES_LEFT, TOP_NAME, TOP_GV, FMT_NAME, FMT_GV, BOTTOM_NAME, BOTTOM_GV, SUBPROCESS, IoTYPE, IoFLAGS, IsSTD
#B::AV Methods: FILL, MAX, OFF, ARRAY, ARRAYelt, AvFLAGS
#B::CV Methods: STASH, START, ROOT, GV, FILE, DEPTH, PADLIST, OUTSIDE, OUTSIDE_SEQ, XSUB, XSUBANY, CvFLAGS, const_sv
#B::HV Methods: FILL, MAX, KEYS, RITER, NAME, PMROOT, ARRAY
#OP-RELATED CLASSES
#B::OP Methods: next, sibling, name, ppaddr, desc, targ, type, seq, flags, private
#B::UNOP METHOD: first
#B::BINOP METHOD: last
#B::LOGOP METHOD: other
#B::LISTOP METHOD: children
#B::PMOP Methods: pmreplroot, pmreplstart, pmnext, pmregexp, pmflags, pmdynflags, pmpermflags, precomp, pmoffset
#B::SVOP METHOD: sv, gv
#B::PADOP METHOD: padix
#B::PVOP METHOD: pv
#B::LOOP Methods: redoop, nextop, lastop
#B::COP Methods: label, stash, stashpv, file, cop_seq, arybase, line, warnings, io

#AUTHOR

#B::Asmdata - Autogenerated data about Perl ops, used to generate bytecode

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION: %insn_data, @insn_name, @optype, @specialsv_name
#AUTHOR

#B::Assembler - Assemble Perl bytecode

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION
#AUTHORS

#B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks

#SYNOPSIS

#DESCRIPTION

#Functions: find_leaders

#AUTHOR

#B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION
#EXAMPLE
#OPTIONS: -b,-H,-k,-ooutfile,-s
#KNOWN BUGS
#NOTICE
#AUTHORS

#B::C - Perl compiler's C backend

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION
#OPTIONS: -ofilename,-v,--,-uPackname,-D,-Do,-Dc,-DA,-DC,-DM,-f,-fcog,-fsave-data,-fppaddr,-fwarn-sv,-fuse-script-name,-fsave-sig-hash,-On,-O0,-O1,-O2,-llimit
#EXAMPLES
#BUGS
#AUTHOR

#B::CC - Perl compiler's optimized C translation backend

#SYNOPSIS

#DESCRIPTION

#OPTIONS

-ofilename,-v,--,-uPackname,-mModulename,-D,-Dr,-DO,-Ds,-Dp,-Dq,-Dl,-Dt,-f,-ffreetmps-each-bblock,-ffreetmps-each-loop,-fomit-taint,-On

#EXAMPLES

#BUGS

#DIFFERENCES

#Loops
#Context of ".."
#Arithmetic
#Deprecated features

#AUTHOR

#B::Concise - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing concise info about ops

#SYNOPSIS

#DESCRIPTION

#EXAMPLE

#OPTIONS

-basic,-exec,-tree,-compact,-loose,-vt,-ascii,-main,-basen,-bigendian,-littleendian,-concise,-terse,-linenoise,-debug,-env

#FORMATTING SPECIFICATIONS

(x(exec_text;basic_text)x),(*(text)*),(*(text1;text2)*),(?(text1#varText2)?),#var,#varN,~,#addr,#arg,#class,#classsym,#coplabel,#exname,#extarg,#firstaddr,#flags,#flagval,#hyphseq,#label,#lastaddr,#name,#NAME,#next,#nextaddr,#noise,#private,#privval,#seq,#seqnum,#sibaddr,#svaddr,#svclass,#svval,#targ,#targarg,#targarglife,#typenum

#ABBREVIATIONS

#OP flags abbreviations
#OP class abbreviations

#Using B::Concise outside of the O framework

#AUTHOR

#B::Debug - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing debug info about ops

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION
#AUTHOR

#B::Deparse - Perl compiler backend to produce perl code

#SYNOPSIS

#DESCRIPTION

#OPTIONS

-d,-fFILE,-l,-p,-P,-q,-sLETTERS,C,iNUMBER,T,vSTRING.,-xLEVEL

#USING B::Deparse AS A MODULE

#Synopsis
#Description
#new
#ambient_pragmas: strict, $[, bytes, utf8, integer, re, warnings, hint_bits, warning_bits
#coderef2text

#BUGS

#AUTHOR

#B::Disassembler - Disassemble Perl bytecode

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION
#AUTHOR

#B::Lint - Perl lint

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION
#OPTIONS AND LINT CHECKS: context,implicit-read andimplicit-write,bare-subs,dollar-underscore,private-names,undefined-subs,regexp-variables,all,none
#NON LINT-CHECK OPTIONS: -u Package
#BUGS
#AUTHOR

#B::O, O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION
#CONVENTIONS
#IMPLEMENTATION
#BUGS
#AUTHOR

#B::Showlex - Show lexical variables used in functions or files

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION
#AUTHOR

#B::Stackobj - Helper module for CC backend

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION
#AUTHOR

#B::Stash - show what stashes are loaded

#B::Terse - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing terse info about ops

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION
#AUTHOR

#B::Xref - Generates cross reference reports for Perl programs

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION
#OPTIONS: -oFILENAME,-r,-d,-D[tO]
#BUGS
#AUTHOR

#Bblock, B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks

#SYNOPSIS

#DESCRIPTION

#Functions: find_leaders

#AUTHOR

#Benchmark - benchmark running times of Perl code

#SYNOPSIS

#DESCRIPTION

#Methods: new, debug, iters
#Standard Exports: timeit(COUNT, CODE), timethis ( COUNT, CODE, [ TITLE, [ STYLE ]] ), timethese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), timediff ( T1, T2 ), timestr ( TIMEDIFF, [ STYLE, [ FORMAT ] ] )
#Optional Exports: clearcache ( COUNT ), clearallcache ( ), cmpthese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), cmpthese ( RESULTSHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), countit(TIME, CODE), disablecache ( ), enablecache ( ), timesum ( T1, T2 )
#:hireswallclock

#NOTES

#EXAMPLES

#INHERITANCE

#CAVEATS

#SEE ALSO

#AUTHORS

#MODIFICATION HISTORY

#ByteLoader - load byte compiled perl code

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION
#AUTHOR
#SEE ALSO

#Bytecode, B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION
#EXAMPLE
#OPTIONS: -b,-H,-k,-ooutfile,-s
#KNOWN BUGS
#NOTICE
#AUTHORS

#CGI - Simple Common Gateway Interface Class

#SYNOPSIS

#ABSTRACT

#DESCRIPTION

#PROGRAMMING STYLE
#CALLING CGI.PM ROUTINES
#CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT (OBJECT-ORIENTED STYLE):
#CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT FROM AN INPUT FILE
#FETCHING A LIST OF KEYWORDS FROM THE QUERY:
#FETCHING THE NAMES OF ALL THE PARAMETERS PASSED TO YOUR SCRIPT:
#FETCHING THE VALUE OR VALUES OF A SINGLE NAMED PARAMETER:
#SETTING THE VALUE(S) OF A NAMED PARAMETER:
#APPENDING ADDITIONAL VALUES TO A NAMED PARAMETER:
#IMPORTING ALL PARAMETERS INTO A NAMESPACE:
#DELETING A PARAMETER COMPLETELY:
#DELETING ALL PARAMETERS:
#DIRECT ACCESS TO THE PARAMETER LIST:
#FETCHING THE PARAMETER LIST AS A HASH:
#SAVING THE STATE OF THE SCRIPT TO A FILE:
#RETRIEVING CGI ERRORS
#USING THE FUNCTION-ORIENTED INTERFACE: :cgi,:form,:html2,:html3,:html4,:netscape,:html,:standard,:all
#PRAGMAS: -any, -compile, -nosticky, -no_undef_params, -no_xhtml, -nph, -newstyle_urls, -oldstyle_urls, -autoload, -no_debug, -debug, -private_tempfiles
#SPECIAL FORMS FOR IMPORTING HTML-TAG FUNCTIONS: 1. start_table() (generates a <table> tag), 2. end_table() (generates a </table> tag), 3. start_ul() (generates a <ul> tag), 4. end_ul() (generates a </ul> tag)

#GENERATING DYNAMIC DOCUMENTS

#CREATING A STANDARD HTTP HEADER:
#GENERATING A REDIRECTION HEADER
#CREATING THE HTML DOCUMENT HEADER: Parameters:, 4, 5, 6..
#ENDING THE HTML DOCUMENT:
#CREATING A SELF-REFERENCING URL THAT PRESERVES STATE INFORMATION:
#OBTAINING THE SCRIPT'S URL: -absolute,-relative,-full,-path (-path_info),-query (-query_string),-base
#MIXING POST AND URL PARAMETERS

#CREATING STANDARD HTML ELEMENTS:

#PROVIDING ARGUMENTS TO HTML SHORTCUTS
#THE DISTRIBUTIVE PROPERTY OF HTML SHORTCUTS
#HTML SHORTCUTS AND LIST INTERPOLATION
#NON-STANDARD HTML SHORTCUTS
#AUTOESCAPING HTML: $escaped_string = escapeHTML("unescaped string");, $charset = charset([$charset]);, $flag = autoEscape([$flag]);
#PRETTY-PRINTING HTML

#CREATING FILL-OUT FORMS:

#CREATING AN ISINDEX TAG
#STARTING AND ENDING A FORM: application/x-www-form-urlencoded,multipart/form-data
#CREATING A TEXT FIELD: Parameters
#CREATING A BIG TEXT FIELD
#CREATING A PASSWORD FIELD
#CREATING A FILE UPLOAD FIELD: Parameters
#CREATING A POPUP MENU
#CREATING AN OPTION GROUP
#CREATING A SCROLLING LIST: Parameters:
#CREATING A GROUP OF RELATED CHECKBOXES: Parameters:
#CREATING A STANDALONE CHECKBOX: Parameters:
#CREATING A RADIO BUTTON GROUP: Parameters:
#CREATING A SUBMIT BUTTON: Parameters:
#CREATING A RESET BUTTON
#CREATING A DEFAULT BUTTON
#CREATING A HIDDEN FIELD: Parameters:
#CREATING A CLICKABLE IMAGE BUTTON: Parameters:, 3. The third option (-align, optional) is an alignment type, and may be TOP, BOTTOM or MIDDLE
#CREATING A JAVASCRIPT ACTION BUTTON

#HTTP COOKIES

1. an expiration time, 2. a domain, 3. a path, 4. a "secure" flag,-name,-value,-path,-domain,-expires,-secure

#WORKING WITH FRAMES

1. Create a <Frameset> document, 2. Specify the destination for the document in the HTTP header, 3. Specify the destination for the document in the <form> tag

#LIMITED SUPPORT FOR CASCADING STYLE SHEETS

#DEBUGGING

#DUMPING OUT ALL THE NAME/VALUE PAIRS

#FETCHING ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES

Accept(),raw_cookie(),user_agent(),path_info(),path_translated(),remote_host(),script_name() Return the script name as a partial URL, for self-refering scripts,referer(),auth_type (),server_name (),virtual_host (),server_port (),virtual_port (),server_software (),remote_user (),user_name (),request_method(),content_type(),http(),https()

#USING NPH SCRIPTS

In theuse statement, By calling thenph() method:, By using-nph parameters

#Server Push

multipart_init(), multipart_start(), multipart_end(), multipart_final()

#Avoiding Denial of Service Attacks

$CGI::POST_MAX,$CGI::DISABLE_UPLOADS,1. On a script-by-script basis,2. Globally for all scripts

#COMPATIBILITY WITH CGI-LIB.PL

#AUTHOR INFORMATION

#CREDITS

Matt Heffron (heffron@falstaff.css.beckman.com), James Taylor (james.taylor@srs.gov), Scott Anguish <sanguish@digifix.com>, Mike Jewell (mlj3u@virginia.edu), Timothy Shimmin (tes@kbs.citri.edu.au), Joergen Haegg (jh@axis.se), Laurent Delfosse (delfosse@delfosse.com), Richard Resnick (applepi1@aol.com), Craig Bishop (csb@barwonwater.vic.gov.au), Tony Curtis (tc@vcpc.univie.ac.at), Tim Bunce (Tim.Bunce@ig.co.uk), Tom Christiansen (tchrist@convex.com), Andreas Koenig (k@franz.ww.TU-Berlin.DE), Tim MacKenzie (Tim.MacKenzie@fulcrum.com.au), Kevin B. Hendricks (kbhend@dogwood.tyler.wm.edu), Stephen Dahmen (joyfire@inxpress.net), Ed Jordan (ed@fidalgo.net), David Alan Pisoni (david@cnation.com), Doug MacEachern (dougm@opengroup.org), Robin Houston (robin@oneworld.org), ...and many many more..

#A COMPLETE EXAMPLE OF A SIMPLE FORM-BASED SCRIPT

#BUGS

#SEE ALSO

#CGI::Apache - Backward compatibility module for CGI.pm

#SYNOPSIS
#ABSTRACT
#DESCRIPTION
#AUTHOR INFORMATION
#BUGS
#SEE ALSO

#CGI::Carp,CGI::Carp - CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or other) error log

#SYNOPSIS

#DESCRIPTION

#REDIRECTING ERROR MESSAGES

#MAKING PERL ERRORS APPEAR IN THE BROWSER WINDOW

#Changing the default message

#MAKING WARNINGS APPEAR AS HTML COMMENTS

#OVERRIDING THE NAME OF THE PROGRAM

#AUTHORS

#SEE ALSO

#CGI::Cookie - Interface to Netscape Cookies

#SYNOPSIS

#DESCRIPTION

#USING CGI::Cookie

1. expiration date,2. domain,3. path,4. secure flag

#Creating New Cookies
#Sending the Cookie to the Browser
#Recovering Previous Cookies
#Manipulating Cookies: name(),value(),domain(),path(),expires()

#AUTHOR INFORMATION

#BUGS

#SEE ALSO

#CGI::Fast - CGI Interface for Fast CGI

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION
#OTHER PIECES OF THE PUZZLE
#WRITING FASTCGI PERL SCRIPTS
#INSTALLING FASTCGI SCRIPTS
#USING FASTCGI SCRIPTS AS CGI SCRIPTS
#EXTERNAL FASTCGI SERVER INVOCATION: FCGI_SOCKET_PATH, FCGI_LISTEN_QUEUE
#CAVEATS
#AUTHOR INFORMATION
#BUGS
#SEE ALSO

#CGI::Pretty - module to produce nicely formatted HTML code

#SYNOPSIS

#DESCRIPTION

#Tags that won't be formatted
#Customizing the Indenting

#BUGS

#AUTHOR

#SEE ALSO

#CGI::Push - Simple Interface to Server Push

#SYNOPSIS

#DESCRIPTION

#USING CGI::Push

-next_page, -last_page, -type, -delay, -cookie, -target, -expires, -nph

#Heterogeneous Pages
#Changing the Page Delay on the Fly

#INSTALLING CGI::Push SCRIPTS

#AUTHOR INFORMATION

#BUGS

#SEE ALSO

#CGI::Switch - Backward compatibility module for defunct CGI::Switch

#SYNOPSIS
#ABSTRACT
#DESCRIPTION
#AUTHOR INFORMATION
#BUGS
#SEE ALSO

#CGI::Util - Internal utilities used by CGI module

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION
#AUTHOR INFORMATION
#SEE ALSO

#CPAN - query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites

#SYNOPSIS

#STATUS

#DESCRIPTION

#Interactive Mode: Searching for authors, bundles, distribution files and modules, make, test, install, clean modules or distributions, get, readme, look module or distribution, ls author, Signals
#CPAN::Shell
#autobundle
#recompile
#The fourCPAN::* Classes: Author, Bundle, Module, Distribution
#Programmer's interface: expand($type,@things), expandany(@things), Programming Examples
#Methods in the other Classes: CPAN::Author::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Author::as_string(), CPAN::Author::email(), CPAN::Author::fullname(), CPAN::Author::name(), CPAN::Bundle::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Bundle::as_string(), CPAN::Bundle::clean(), CPAN::Bundle::contains(), CPAN::Bundle::force($method,@args), CPAN::Bundle::get(), CPAN::Bundle::inst_file(), CPAN::Bundle::inst_version(), CPAN::Bundle::uptodate(), CPAN::Bundle::install(), CPAN::Bundle::make(), CPAN::Bundle::readme(), CPAN::Bundle::test(), CPAN::Distribution::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Distribution::as_string(), CPAN::Distribution::clean(), CPAN::Distribution::containsmods(), CPAN::Distribution::cvs_import(), CPAN::Distribution::dir(), CPAN::Distribution::force($method,@args), CPAN::Distribution::get(), CPAN::Distribution::install(), CPAN::Distribution::isa_perl(), CPAN::Distribution::look(), CPAN::Distribution::make(), CPAN::Distribution::prereq_pm(), CPAN::Distribution::readme(), CPAN::Distribution::test(), CPAN::Distribution::uptodate(), CPAN::Index::force_reload(), CPAN::Index::reload(), CPAN::InfoObj::dump(), CPAN::Module::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Module::as_string(), CPAN::Module::clean(), CPAN::Module::cpan_file(), CPAN::Module::cpan_version(), CPAN::Module::cvs_import(), CPAN::Module::description(), CPAN::Module::force($method,@args), CPAN::Module::get(), CPAN::Module::inst_file(), CPAN::Module::inst_version(), CPAN::Module::install(), CPAN::Module::look(), CPAN::Module::make(), CPAN::Module::manpage_headline(), CPAN::Module::readme(), CPAN::Module::test(), CPAN::Module::uptodate(), CPAN::Module::userid()
#Cache Manager
#Bundles
#Prerequisites
#Finding packages and VERSION
#Debugging
#Floppy, Zip, Offline Mode

#CONFIGURATION

o conf <scalar option>,o conf <scalar option> <value>,o conf <list option>,o conf <list option> [shift|pop],o conf <list option> [unshift|push|splice] <list>

#Note on urllist parameter's format
#urllist parameter has CD-ROM support

#SECURITY

#EXPORT

#POPULATE AN INSTALLATION WITH LOTS OF MODULES

#WORKING WITH CPAN.pm BEHIND FIREWALLS

#Three basic types of firewalls: http firewall, ftp firewall, One way visibility, SOCKS, IP Masquerade
#Configuring lynx or ncftp for going through a firewall

#FAQ

1), 2), 3), 4), 5), 6), 7), 8), 9), 10)

#BUGS

#AUTHOR

#TRANSLATIONS

#SEE ALSO

#CPAN::FirstTime - Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION

#CPANox, CPAN::Nox - Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS module

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION
#SEE ALSO

#Carp, carp - warn of errors (from perspective of caller)

#SYNOPSIS

#DESCRIPTION

#Forcing a Stack Trace

#BUGS

#Carp::Heavy, Carp heavy machinery - no user serviceable parts inside

#Class::ISA -- report the search path for a class's ISA tree

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION
#FUNCTIONS: the function Class::ISA::super_path($CLASS), the function Class::ISA::self_and_super_path($CLASS), the function Class::ISA::self_and_super_versions($CLASS)
#CAUTIONARY NOTES
#COPYRIGHT
#AUTHOR

#Class::Struct - declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes

#SYNOPSIS

#DESCRIPTION

#Thestruct() function
#Class Creation at Compile Time
#Element Types and Accessor Methods: Scalar ('$' or'*$'), Array ('@' or'*@'), Hash ('%' or'*%'), Class ('Class_Name' or'*Class_Name')
#Initializing withnew

#EXAMPLES

Example 1, Example 2, Example 3

#Author and Modification History

#Config - access Perl configuration information

#SYNOPSIS

#DESCRIPTION

myconfig(), config_sh(), config_re($regex), config_vars(@names)

#EXAMPLE

#WARNING

#GLOSSARY

#_: _a,_exe,_o
#a: afs,afsroot,alignbytes,ansi2knr,aphostname,api_revision,api_subversion,api_version,api_versionstring,ar,archlib,archlibexp,archname64,archname,archobjs,asctime_r_proto,awk
#b: baserev,bash,bin,binexp,bison,byacc,byteorder
#c: c,castflags,cat,cc,cccdlflags,ccdlflags,ccflags,ccflags_uselargefiles,ccname,ccsymbols,ccversion,cf_by,cf_email,cf_time,charsize,chgrp,chmod,chown,clocktype,comm,compress,contains,cp,cpio,cpp,cpp_stuff,cppccsymbols,cppflags,cpplast,cppminus,cpprun,cppstdin,cppsymbols,crypt_r_proto,cryptlib,csh,ctermid_r_proto,ctime_r_proto
#d: d__fwalk,d_access,d_accessx,d_aintl,d_alarm,d_archlib,d_asctime_r,d_atolf,d_atoll,d_attribut,d_bcmp,d_bcopy,d_bsd,d_bsdgetpgrp,d_bsdsetpgrp,d_bzero,d_casti32,d_castneg,d_charvspr,d_chown,d_chroot,d_chsize,d_class,d_closedir,d_cmsghdr_s,d_const,d_copysignl,d_crypt,d_crypt_r,d_csh,d_ctermid_r,d_ctime_r,d_cuserid,d_dbl_dig,d_dbminitproto,d_difftime,d_dirfd,d_dirnamlen,d_dlerror,d_dlopen,d_dlsymun,d_dosuid,d_drand48_r,d_drand48proto,d_dup2,d_eaccess,d_endgrent,d_endgrent_r,d_endhent,d_endhostent_r,d_endnent,d_endnetent_r,d_endpent,d_endprotoent_r,d_endpwent,d_endpwent_r,d_endsent,d_endservent_r,d_eofnblk,d_eunice,d_faststdio,d_fchdir,d_fchmod,d_fchown,d_fcntl,d_fcntl_can_lock,d_fd_macros,d_fd_set,d_fds_bits,d_fgetpos,d_finite,d_finitel,d_flexfnam,d_flock,d_flockproto,d_fork,d_fp_class,d_fpathconf,d_fpclass,d_fpclassify,d_fpclassl,d_fpos64_t,d_frexpl,d_fs_data_s,d_fseeko,d_fsetpos,d_fstatfs,d_fstatvfs,d_fsync,d_ftello,d_ftime,d_Gconvert,d_getcwd,d_getespwnam,d_getfsstat,d_getgrent,d_getgrent_r,d_getgrgid_r,d_getgrnam_r,d_getgrps,d_gethbyaddr,d_gethbyname,d_gethent,d_gethname,d_gethostbyaddr_r,d_gethostbyname_r,d_gethostent_r,d_gethostprotos,d_getitimer,d_getlogin,d_getlogin_r,d_getmnt,d_getmntent,d_getnbyaddr,d_getnbyname,d_getnent,d_getnetbyaddr_r,d_getnetbyname_r,d_getnetent_r,d_getnetprotos,d_getpagsz,d_getpbyname,d_getpbynumber,d_getpent,d_getpgid,d_getpgrp2,d_getpgrp,d_getppid,d_getprior,d_getprotobyname_r,d_getprotobynumber_r,d_getprotoent_r,d_getprotoprotos,d_getprpwnam,d_getpwent,d_getpwent_r,d_getpwnam_r,d_getpwuid_r,d_getsbyname,d_getsbyport,d_getsent,d_getservbyname_r,d_getservbyport_r,d_getservent_r,d_getservprotos,d_getspnam,d_getspnam_r,d_gettimeod,d_gmtime_r,d_gnulibc,d_grpasswd,d_hasmntopt,d_htonl,d_ilogbl,d_index,d_inetaton,d_int64_t,d_isascii,d_isfinite,d_isinf,d_isnan,d_isnanl,d_killpg,d_lchown,d_ldbl_dig,d_link,d_localtime_r,d_locconv,d_lockf,d_longdbl,d_longlong,d_lseekproto,d_lstat,d_madvise,d_mblen,d_mbstowcs,d_mbtowc,d_memchr,d_memcmp,d_memcpy,d_memmove,d_memset,d_mkdir,d_mkdtemp,d_mkfifo,d_mkstemp,d_mkstemps,d_mktime,d_mmap,d_modfl,d_modfl_pow32_bug,d_modflproto,d_mprotect,d_msg,d_msg_ctrunc,d_msg_dontroute,d_msg_oob,d_msg_peek,d_msg_proxy,d_msgctl,d_msgget,d_msghdr_s,d_msgrcv,d_msgsnd,d_msync,d_munmap,d_mymalloc,d_nanosleep,d_nice,d_nl_langinfo,d_nv_preserves_uv,d_off64_t,d_old_pthread_create_joinable,d_oldpthreads,d_oldsock,d_open3,d_pathconf,d_pause,d_perl_otherlibdirs,d_phostname,d_pipe,d_poll,d_portable,d_PRId64,d_PRIeldbl,d_PRIEUldbl,d_PRIfldbl,d_PRIFUldbl,d_PRIgldbl,d_PRIGUldbl,d_PRIi64,d_PRIo64,d_PRIu64,d_PRIx64,d_PRIXU64,d_procselfexe,d_pthread_atfork,d_pthread_attr_setscope,d_pthread_yield,d_pwage,d_pwchange,d_pwclass,d_pwcomment,d_pwexpire,d_pwgecos,d_pwpasswd,d_pwquota,d_qgcvt,d_quad,d_random_r,d_readdir64_r,d_readdir,d_readdir_r,d_readlink,d_readv,d_recvmsg,d_rename,d_rewinddir,d_rmdir,d_safebcpy,d_safemcpy,d_sanemcmp,d_sbrkproto,d_scalbnl,d_sched_yield,d_scm_rights,d_SCNfldbl,d_seekdir,d_select,d_sem,d_semctl,d_semctl_semid_ds,d_semctl_semun,d_semget,d_semop,d_sendmsg,d_setegid,d_seteuid,d_setgrent,d_setgrent_r,d_setgrps,d_sethent,d_sethostent_r,d_setitimer,d_setlinebuf,d_setlocale,d_setlocale_r,d_setnent,d_setnetent_r,d_setpent,d_setpgid,d_setpgrp2,d_setpgrp,d_setprior,d_setproctitle,d_setprotoent_r,d_setpwent,d_setpwent_r,d_setregid,d_setresgid,d_setresuid,d_setreuid,d_setrgid,d_setruid,d_setsent,d_setservent_r,d_setsid,d_setvbuf,d_sfio,d_shm,d_shmat,d_shmatprototype,d_shmctl,d_shmdt,d_shmget,d_sigaction,d_sigprocmask,d_sigsetjmp,d_sockatmark,d_sockatmarkproto,d_socket,d_socklen_t,d_sockpair,d_socks5_init,d_sqrtl,d_srand48_r,d_srandom_r,d_sresgproto,d_sresuproto,d_statblks,d_statfs_f_flags,d_statfs_s,d_statvfs,d_stdio_cnt_lval,d_stdio_ptr_lval,d_stdio_ptr_lval_nochange_cnt,d_stdio_ptr_lval_sets_cnt,d_stdio_stream_array,d_stdiobase,d_stdstdio,d_strchr,d_strcoll,d_strctcpy,d_strerrm,d_strerror,d_strerror_r,d_strftime,d_strtod,d_strtol,d_strtold,d_strtoll,d_strtoq,d_strtoul,d_strtoull,d_strtouq,d_strxfrm,d_suidsafe,d_symlink,d_syscall,d_syscallproto,d_sysconf,d_sysernlst,d_syserrlst,d_system,d_tcgetpgrp,d_tcsetpgrp,d_telldir,d_telldirproto,d_time,d_times,d_tm_tm_gmtoff,d_tm_tm_zone,d_tmpnam_r,d_truncate,d_ttyname_r,d_tzname,d_u32align,d_ualarm,d_umask,d_uname,d_union_semun,d_unordered,d_usleep,d_usleepproto,d_ustat,d_vendorarch,d_vendorbin,d_vendorlib,d_vendorscript,d_vfork,d_void_closedir,d_voidsig,d_voidtty,d_volatile,d_vprintf,d_wait4,d_waitpid,d_wcstombs,d_wctomb,d_writev,d_xenix,date,db_hashtype,db_prefixtype,db_version_major,db_version_minor,db_version_patch,defvoidused,direntrytype,dlext,dlsrc,doublesize,drand01,drand48_r_proto,dynamic_ext
#e: eagain,ebcdic,echo,egrep,emacs,endgrent_r_proto,endhostent_r_proto,endnetent_r_proto,endprotoent_r_proto,endpwent_r_proto,endservent_r_proto,eunicefix,exe_ext,expr,extensions,extras
#f: fflushall,fflushNULL,find,firstmakefile,flex,fpossize,fpostype,freetype,from,full_ar,full_csh,full_sed
#g: gccansipedantic,gccosandvers,gccversion,getgrent_r_proto,getgrgid_r_proto,getgrnam_r_proto,gethostbyaddr_r_proto,gethostbyname_r_proto,gethostent_r_proto,getlogin_r_proto,getnetbyaddr_r_proto,getnetbyname_r_proto,getnetent_r_proto,getprotobyname_r_proto,getprotobynumber_r_proto,getprotoent_r_proto,getpwent_r_proto,getpwnam_r_proto,getpwuid_r_proto,getservbyname_r_proto,getservbyport_r_proto,getservent_r_proto,getspnam_r_proto,gidformat,gidsign,gidsize,gidtype,glibpth,gmake,gmtime_r_proto,gnulibc_version,grep,groupcat,groupstype,gzip
#h: h_fcntl,h_sysfile,hint,hostcat,html1dir,html1direxp,html3dir,html3direxp
#i: i16size,i16type,i32size,i32type,i64size,i64type,i8size,i8type,i_arpainet,i_bsdioctl,i_crypt,i_db,i_dbm,i_dirent,i_dld,i_dlfcn,i_fcntl,i_float,i_fp,i_fp_class,i_gdbm,i_grp,i_ieeefp,i_inttypes,i_langinfo,i_libutil,i_limits,i_locale,i_machcthr,i_malloc,i_math,i_memory,i_mntent,i_ndbm,i_netdb,i_neterrno,i_netinettcp,i_niin,i_poll,i_prot,i_pthread,i_pwd,i_rpcsvcdbm,i_sfio,i_sgtty,i_shadow,i_socks,i_stdarg,i_stddef,i_stdlib,i_string,i_sunmath,i_sysaccess,i_sysdir,i_sysfile,i_sysfilio,i_sysin,i_sysioctl,i_syslog,i_sysmman,i_sysmode,i_sysmount,i_sysndir,i_sysparam,i_sysresrc,i_syssecrt,i_sysselct,i_syssockio,i_sysstat,i_sysstatfs,i_sysstatvfs,i_systime,i_systimek,i_systimes,i_systypes,i_sysuio,i_sysun,i_sysutsname,i_sysvfs,i_syswait,i_termio,i_termios,i_time,i_unistd,i_ustat,i_utime,i_values,i_varargs,i_varhdr,i_vfork,ignore_versioned_solibs,inc_version_list,inc_version_list_init,incpath,inews,installarchlib,installbin,installhtml1dir,installhtml3dir,installman1dir,installman3dir,installprefix,installprefixexp,installprivlib,installscript,installsitearch,installsitebin,installsitehtml1dir,installsitehtml3dir,installsitelib,installsiteman1dir,installsiteman3dir,installsitescript,installstyle,installusrbinperl,installvendorarch,installvendorbin,installvendorhtml1dir,installvendorhtml3dir,installvendorlib,installvendorman1dir,installvendorman3dir,installvendorscript,intsize,issymlink,ivdformat,ivsize,ivtype
#k: known_extensions,ksh
#l: ld,lddlflags,ldflags,ldflags_uselargefiles,ldlibpthname,less,lib_ext,libc,libperl,libpth,libs,libsdirs,libsfiles,libsfound,libspath,libswanted,libswanted_uselargefiles,line,lint,lkflags,ln,lns,localtime_r_proto,locincpth,loclibpth,longdblsize,longlongsize,longsize,lp,lpr,ls,lseeksize,lseektype
#m: mail,mailx,make,make_set_make,mallocobj,mallocsrc,malloctype,man1dir,man1direxp,man1ext,man3dir,man3direxp,man3ext
#M: Mcc,mips_type,mistrustnm,mkdir,mmaptype,modetype,more,multiarch,mv,myarchname,mydomain,myhostname,myuname
#n: n,need_va_copy,netdb_hlen_type,netdb_host_type,netdb_name_type,netdb_net_type,nm,nm_opt,nm_so_opt,nonxs_ext,nroff,nv_preserves_uv_bits,nveformat,nvEUformat,nvfformat,nvFUformat,nvgformat,nvGUformat,nvsize,nvtype
#o: o_nonblock,obj_ext,old_pthread_create_joinable,optimize,orderlib,osname,osvers,otherlibdirs
#p: package,pager,passcat,patchlevel,path_sep,perl5,perl,perl_patchlevel
#P: PERL_REVISION,PERL_SUBVERSION,PERL_VERSION,perladmin,perllibs,perlpath,pg,phostname,pidtype,plibpth,pm_apiversion,pmake,pr,prefix,prefixexp,privlib,privlibexp,procselfexe,prototype,ptrsize
#q: quadkind,quadtype
#r: randbits,randfunc,random_r_proto,randseedtype,ranlib,rd_nodata,readdir64_r_proto,readdir_r_proto,revision,rm,rmail,run,runnm
#s: sched_yield,scriptdir,scriptdirexp,sed,seedfunc,selectminbits,selecttype,sendmail,setgrent_r_proto,sethostent_r_proto,setlocale_r_proto,setnetent_r_proto,setprotoent_r_proto,setpwent_r_proto,setservent_r_proto,sh,shar,sharpbang,shmattype,shortsize,shrpenv,shsharp,sig_count,sig_name,sig_name_init,sig_num,sig_num_init,sig_size,signal_t,sitearch,sitearchexp,sitebin,sitebinexp,sitehtml1dir,sitehtml1direxp,sitehtml3dir,sitehtml3direxp,sitelib,sitelib_stem,sitelibexp,siteman1dir,siteman1direxp,siteman3dir,siteman3direxp,siteprefix,siteprefixexp,sitescript,sitescriptexp,sizesize,sizetype,sleep,smail,so,sockethdr,socketlib,socksizetype,sort,spackage,spitshell,sPRId64,sPRIeldbl,sPRIEUldbl,sPRIfldbl,sPRIFUldbl,sPRIgldbl,sPRIGUldbl,sPRIi64,sPRIo64,sPRIu64,sPRIx64,sPRIXU64,srand48_r_proto,srandom_r_proto,src,sSCNfldbl,ssizetype,startperl,startsh,static_ext,stdchar,stdio_base,stdio_bufsiz,stdio_cnt,stdio_filbuf,stdio_ptr,stdio_stream_array,strerror_r_proto,strings,submit,subversion,sysman
#t: tail,tar,targetarch,tbl,tee,test,timeincl,timetype,tmpnam_r_proto,to,touch,tr,trnl,troff,ttyname_r_proto
#u: u16size,u16type,u32size,u32type,u64size,u64type,u8size,u8type,uidformat,uidsign,uidsize,uidtype,uname,uniq,uquadtype,use5005threads,use64bitall,use64bitint,usecrosscompile,usedl,usefaststdio,useithreads,uselargefiles,uselongdouble,usemorebits,usemultiplicity,usemymalloc,usenm,useopcode,useperlio,useposix,usereentrant,usesfio,useshrplib,usesocks,usethreads,usevendorprefix,usevfork,usrinc,uuname,uvoformat,uvsize,uvtype,uvuformat,uvxformat,uvXUformat
#v: vendorarch,vendorarchexp,vendorbin,vendorbinexp,vendorhtml1dir,vendorhtml1direxp,vendorhtml3dir,vendorhtml3direxp,vendorlib,vendorlib_stem,vendorlibexp,vendorman1dir,vendorman1direxp,vendorman3dir,vendorman3direxp,vendorprefix,vendorprefixexp,vendorscript,vendorscriptexp,version,version_patchlevel_string,versiononly,vi,voidflags
#x: xlibpth,xs_apiversion
#y: yacc,yaccflags
#z: zcat,zip

#NOTE

#Cwd - get pathname of current working directory

#SYNOPSIS

#DESCRIPTION

#getcwd and friends: getcwd, cwd, fastcwd, fastgetcwd
#abs_path and friends: abs_path, realpath, fast_abs_path
#$ENV{PWD}

#NOTES

#SEE ALSO

#DB - programmatic interface to the Perl debugging API (draft, subject to change)

#SYNOPSIS

#DESCRIPTION

#Global Variables

$DB::sub,  %DB::sub,  $DB::single,  $DB::signal,  $DB::trace,@DB::args, @DB::dbline,  %DB::dbline,  $DB::package,  $DB::filename,  $DB::subname, $DB::lineno

#API Methods

CLIENT->register(), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->skippkg('D::hide'), CLIENT->run(), CLIENT->step(), CLIENT->next(), CLIENT->done()

#Client Callback Methods

CLIENT->init(), CLIENT->prestop([STRING]), CLIENT->stop(), CLIENT->idle(), CLIENT->poststop([STRING]), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->cleanup(), CLIENT->output(LIST)

#BUGS

#AUTHOR

#DB_File - Perl5 access to Berkeley DB version 1.x

#SYNOPSIS

#DESCRIPTION

DB_HASH,DB_BTREE,DB_RECNO

#Using DB_File with Berkeley DB version 2 or greater
#Interface to Berkeley DB
#Opening a Berkeley DB Database File
#Default Parameters
#In Memory Databases

#DB_HASH

#A Simple Example

#DB_BTREE

#Changing the BTREE sort order
#Handling Duplicate Keys
#The get_dup() Method
#The find_dup() Method
#The del_dup() Method
#Matching Partial Keys

#DB_RECNO

#The 'bval' Option
#A Simple Example
#Extra RECNO Methods: $X->push(list) ;,$value = $X->pop ;,$X->shift,$X->unshift(list) ;,$X->length,$X->splice(offset, length, elements);
#Another Example

#THE API INTERFACE

$status = $X->get($key, $value [, $flags]) ;,$status = $X->put($key, $value [, $flags]) ;,$status = $X->del($key [, $flags]) ;,$status = $X->fd ;,$status = $X->seq($key, $value, $flags) ;,$status = $X->sync([$flags]) ;

#DBM FILTERS

filter_store_key,filter_store_value,filter_fetch_key,filter_fetch_value

#The Filter
#An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
#Another Example -- Key is a C int.

#HINTS AND TIPS

#Locking: The Trouble with fd
#Safe ways to lock a database: Tie::DB_Lock,Tie::DB_LockFile,DB_File::Lock
#Sharing Databases With C Applications
#The untie() Gotcha

#COMMON QUESTIONS

#Why is there Perl source in my database?
#How do I store complex data structures with DB_File?
#What does "Invalid Argument" mean?
#What does "Bareword 'DB_File' not allowed" mean?

#REFERENCES

#HISTORY

#BUGS

#AVAILABILITY

#COPYRIGHT

#SEE ALSO

#AUTHOR

#Data::Dumper - stringified perl data structures, suitable for both printing and`eval`

#SYNOPSIS

#DESCRIPTION

#Methods: PACKAGE->new(ARRAYREF [,ARRAYREF]),$OBJ->DumporPACKAGE->Dump(ARRAYREF [,ARRAYREF]),$OBJ->Seen([HASHREF]),$OBJ->Values([ARRAYREF]),$OBJ->Names([ARRAYREF]),$OBJ->Reset
#Functions: Dumper(LIST)
#Configuration Variables or Methods
#Exports: Dumper

#EXAMPLES

#BUGS

#NOTE

#AUTHOR

#VERSION

#SEE ALSO

#Devel::DProf - a Perl code profiler

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION
#PROFILE FORMAT
#AUTOLOAD
#ENVIRONMENT
#BUGS
#SEE ALSO

#Devel::PPPort - Perl/Pollution/Portability

#SYNOPSIS

#DESCRIPTION

#WriteFile

#ppport.h

#AUTHOR

#SEE ALSO

#Devel::Peek - A data debugging tool for the XS programmer

#SYNOPSIS

#DESCRIPTION

#Runtime debugging
#Memory footprint debugging

#EXAMPLES

#A simple scalar string
#A simple scalar number
#A simple scalar with an extra reference
#A reference to a simple scalar
#A reference to an array
#A reference to a hash
#Dumping a large array or hash
#A reference to an SV which holds a C pointer
#A reference to a subroutine

#EXPORTS

#BUGS

#AUTHOR

#SEE ALSO

#Devel::SelfStubber - generate stubs for a SelfLoading module

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION

#Digest - Modules that calculate message digests

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION: binary,hex,base64
#OO INTERFACE: $ctx = Digest->XXX($arg,...), $ctx = Digest->new(XXX => $arg,...), $ctx = Digest::XXX->new($arg,...), $other_ctx = $ctx->clone, $ctx->reset, $ctx->add( $data, ... ), $ctx->addfile( $io_handle ), $ctx->add_bits( $data, $nbits ), $ctx->add_bits( $bitstring ), $ctx->digest, $ctx->hexdigest, $ctx->b64digest
#Digest speed
#SEE ALSO
#AUTHOR

#Digest::MD5 - Perl interface to the MD5 Algorithm

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION
#FUNCTIONS: md5($data,...), md5_hex($data,...), md5_base64($data,...)
#METHODS: $md5 = Digest::MD5->new, $md5->reset, $md5->clone, $md5->add($data,...), $md5->addfile($io_handle), $md5->add_bits($data, $nbits), $md5->add_bits($bitstring), $md5->digest, $md5->hexdigest, $md5->b64digest
#EXAMPLES
#SEE ALSO
#COPYRIGHT
#AUTHORS

#Digest::base - Digest base class

#SYNPOSIS
#DESCRIPTION
#SEE ALSO

#DirHandle - supply object methods for directory handles

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION
#NOTES

#Dumpvalue - provides screen dump of Perl data.

#SYNOPSIS

#DESCRIPTION

#Creation: arrayDepth,hashDepth,compactDump,veryCompact,globPrint,dumpDBFiles,dumpPackages,dumpReused,tick,quoteHighBit,printUndef,usageOnly, unctrl, subdump, bareStringify, quoteHighBit, stopDbSignal
#Methods: dumpValue, dumpValues, stringify, dumpvars, set_quote, set_unctrl, compactDump, veryCompact, set, get

#DynaLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION: @dl_library_path, @dl_resolve_using, @dl_require_symbols, @dl_librefs, @dl_modules, dl_error(), $dl_debug, dl_findfile(), dl_expandspec(), dl_load_file(), dl_unload_file(), dl_load_flags(), dl_find_symbol(), dl_find_symbol_anywhere(), dl_undef_symbols(), dl_install_xsub(), bootstrap()
#AUTHOR

#DynaLoader::XSLoader, XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code

#SYNOPSIS

#DESCRIPTION

#Migration fromDynaLoader
#Backward compatible boilerplate

#Order of initialization: early load()

#The most hairy case

#LIMITATIONS

#AUTHOR

#Encode - character encodings

#SYNOPSIS

#Table of Contents

#DESCRIPTION

#TERMINOLOGY

#PERL ENCODING API

$octets = encode(ENCODING, $string [, CHECK]), $string = decode(ENCODING, $octets [, CHECK]), [$length =] from_to($octets, FROM_ENC, TO_ENC [, CHECK]), $octets = encode_utf8($string);, $string = decode_utf8($octets [, CHECK]);

#Listing available encodings
#Defining Aliases

#Encoding via PerlIO

#Handling Malformed Data

CHECK = Encode::FB_DEFAULT ( == 0),CHECK = Encode::FB_CROAK ( == 1),CHECK = Encode::FB_QUIET,CHECK = Encode::FB_WARN, perlqq mode (CHECK = Encode::FB_PERLQQ), HTML charref mode (CHECK = Encode::FB_HTMLCREF), XML charref mode (CHECK = Encode::FB_XMLCREF), The bitmask

#Unimplemented fallback schemes

#Defining Encodings

#The UTF-8 flag

Goal #1:, Goal #2:, Goal #3:, Goal #4:

#Messing with Perl's Internals: is_utf8(STRING [, CHECK]), _utf8_on(STRING), _utf8_off(STRING)

#SEE ALSO

#MAINTAINER

#Encode::Alias - alias definitions to encodings

#SYNOPSIS

#DESCRIPTION

As a simple string, As a qr// compiled regular expression, e.g.:, As a code reference, e.g.:

#Alias overloading

#SEE ALSO

#Encode::Byte - Single Byte Encodings

#SYNOPSIS
#ABSTRACT
#DESCRIPTION
#SEE ALSO

#Encode::CJKConstants -- Internally used by Encode::??::ISO_2022_*

#Encode::CN - China-based Chinese Encodings

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION
#NOTES
#BUGS
#SEE ALSO

#Encode::CN::HZ -- internally used by Encode::CN

#Encode::Config -- internally used by Encode

#Encode::EBCDIC - EBCDIC Encodings

#SYNOPSIS
#ABSTRACT
#DESCRIPTION
#SEE ALSO

#Encode::Encoding - Encode Implementation Base Class

#SYNOPSIS

#DESCRIPTION

#Methods you should implement: ->encode($string [,$check]), ->decode($octets [,$check]), ->cat_decode($destination, $octets, $offset, $terminator [,$check])
#Other methods defined in Encode::Encodings: ->name, ->renew, ->perlio_ok(), ->needs_lines()
#Example: Encode::ROT13

#Why the heck Encode API is different?

#Compiled Encodings

#SEE ALSO

Scheme 1, Scheme 2, Other Schemes

#Encode::Guess -- Guesses encoding from data

#SYNOPSIS
#ABSTRACT
#DESCRIPTION: Encode::Guess->set_suspects, Encode::Guess->add_suspects, Encode::decode("Guess" ...), Encode::Guess->guess($data), guess_encoding($data, [,list of suspects])
#CAVEATS
#TO DO
#SEE ALSO

#Encode::JP - Japanese Encodings

#SYNOPSIS
#ABSTRACT
#DESCRIPTION
#Note on ISO-2022-JP(-1)?
#BUGS
#SEE ALSO

#Encode::JP::H2Z -- internally used by Encode::JP::2022_JP*

#Encode::JP::JIS7 -- internally used by Encode::JP

#Encode::KR - Korean Encodings

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION
#BUGS
#SEE ALSO

#Encode::KR::2022_KR -- internally used by Encode::KR

#Encode::MIME::Header -- MIME 'B' and 'Q' header encoding

#SYNOPSIS
#ABSTRACT
#DESCRIPTION
#BUGS
#SEE ALSO

#Encode::PerlIO -- a detailed document on Encode and PerlIO

#Overview

#How does it work?

#Line Buffering

#How can I tell whether my encoding fully supports PerlIO ?

#SEE ALSO

#Encode::Supported -- Encodings supported by Encode

#DESCRIPTION

#Encoding Names

#Supported Encodings

#Built-in Encodings
#Encode::Unicode -- other Unicode encodings
#Encode::Byte -- Extended ASCII: ISO-8859 and corresponding vendor mappings, KOI8 - De Facto Standard for the Cyrillic world, gsm0338 - Hentai Latin 1
#CJK: Chinese, Japanese, Korean (Multibyte): Encode::CN -- Continental China, Encode::JP -- Japan, Encode::KR -- Korea, Encode::TW -- Taiwan, Encode::HanExtra -- More Chinese via CPAN, Encode::JIS2K -- JIS X 0213 encodings via CPAN
#Miscellaneous encodings: Encode::EBCDIC, Encode::Symbols, Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::Guess

#Unsupported encodings

ISO-2022-JP-2 [RFC1554], ISO-2022-CN [RFC1922], Various HP-UX encodings,Cyrillic encoding ISO-IR-111, ISO-8859-8-1 [Hebrew], ISIRI 3342, IranSystem, ISIRI 2900 [Farsi], Thai encoding TCVN, Vietnamese encodings VPS,Various Mac encodings, (Mac) Indic encodings

#Encoding vs. Charset -- terminology

#Encoding Classification (by Anton Tagunov and Dan Kogai)

#Microsoft-related naming mess: KS_C_5601-1987, GB2312, Big5, Shift_JIS

#Glossary

character repertoire, coded character set (CCS), character encoding scheme (CES), charset (in MIME context), EUC, ISO-2022, UCS, UCS-2, Unicode, UTF, UTF-16

#See Also

#References

ECMA, ECMA-035 (eqISO-2022), IANA, Assigned Charset Names by IANA, ISO, RFC, UC, Unicode Glossary

#Other Notable Sites: czyborra.com, CJK.inf, Jungshik Shin's Hangul FAQ, debian.org: "Introduction to i18n"
#Offline sources: CJKV Information Processing by Ken Lunde

#Encode::Symbol - Symbol Encodings

#SYNOPSIS
#ABSTRACT
#DESCRIPTION
#SEE ALSO

#Encode::TW - Taiwan-based Chinese Encodings

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION
#NOTES
#BUGS
#SEE ALSO

#Encode::Unicode -- Various Unicode Transformation Formats

#SYNOPSIS

#ABSTRACT

http://www.unicode.org/glossary/ says:, Quick Reference

#Size, Endianness, and BOM

#by size
#by endianness: BOM as integer when fetched in network byte order

#Surrogate Pairs

#SEE ALSO

#Encode::Unicode::UTF7 -- UTF-7 encoding

#SYNOPSIS
#ABSTRACT
#In Practice
#SEE ALSO

#Encode::lib::Encode::Alias, Encode::Alias - alias definitions to encodings

#SYNOPSIS

#DESCRIPTION

As a simple string, As a qr// compiled regular expression, e.g.:, As a code reference, e.g.:

#Alias overloading

#SEE ALSO

#Encode::lib::Encode::CJKConstants, Encode::CJKConstants.pm -- Internally used by Encode::??::ISO_2022_*

#Encode::lib::Encode::CN::HZ, Encode::CN::HZ -- internally used by Encode::CN

#Encode::lib::Encode::Config, Encode::Config -- internally used by Encode

#Encode::lib::Encode::Encoding, Encode::Encoding - Encode Implementation Base Class

#SYNOPSIS

#DESCRIPTION

#Methods you should implement: ->encode($string [,$check]), ->decode($octets [,$check]), ->cat_decode($destination, $octets, $offset, $terminator [,$check])
#Other methods defined in Encode::Encodings: ->name, ->renew, ->perlio_ok(), ->needs_lines()
#Example: Encode::ROT13

#Why the heck Encode API is different?

#Compiled Encodings

#SEE ALSO

Scheme 1, Scheme 2, Other Schemes

#Encode::lib::Encode::Guess, Encode::Guess -- Guesses encoding from data

#SYNOPSIS
#ABSTRACT
#DESCRIPTION: Encode::Guess->set_suspects, Encode::Guess->add_suspects, Encode::decode("Guess" ...), Encode::Guess->guess($data), guess_encoding($data, [,list of suspects])
#CAVEATS
#TO DO
#SEE ALSO

#Encode::lib::Encode::JP::H2Z, Encode::JP::H2Z -- internally used by Encode::JP::2022_JP*

#Encode::lib::Encode::JP::JIS7, Encode::JP::JIS7 -- internally used by Encode::JP

#Encode::lib::Encode::KR::2022_KR, Encode::KR::2022_KR -- internally used by Encode::KR

#Encode::lib::Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::MIME::Header -- MIME 'B' and 'Q' header encoding

#SYNOPSIS
#ABSTRACT
#DESCRIPTION
#BUGS
#SEE ALSO

#Encode::lib::Encode::PerlIO, Encode::PerlIO -- a detailed document on Encode and PerlIO

#Overview

#How does it work?

#Line Buffering

#How can I tell whether my encoding fully supports PerlIO ?

#SEE ALSO

#Encode::lib::Encode::Supported, Encode::Supported -- Encodings supported by Encode

#DESCRIPTION

#Encoding Names

#Supported Encodings

#Built-in Encodings
#Encode::Unicode -- other Unicode encodings
#Encode::Byte -- Extended ASCII: ISO-8859 and corresponding vendor mappings, KOI8 - De Facto Standard for the Cyrillic world, gsm0338 - Hentai Latin 1
#CJK: Chinese, Japanese, Korean (Multibyte): Encode::CN -- Continental China, Encode::JP -- Japan, Encode::KR -- Korea, Encode::TW -- Taiwan, Encode::HanExtra -- More Chinese via CPAN, Encode::JIS2K -- JIS X 0213 encodings via CPAN
#Miscellaneous encodings: Encode::EBCDIC, Encode::Symbols, Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::Guess

#Unsupported encodings

ISO-2022-JP-2 [RFC1554], ISO-2022-CN [RFC1922], Various HP-UX encodings,Cyrillic encoding ISO-IR-111, ISO-8859-8-1 [Hebrew], ISIRI 3342, IranSystem, ISIRI 2900 [Farsi], Thai encoding TCVN, Vietnamese encodings VPS,Various Mac encodings, (Mac) Indic encodings

#Encoding vs. Charset -- terminology

#Encoding Classification (by Anton Tagunov and Dan Kogai)

#Microsoft-related naming mess: KS_C_5601-1987, GB2312, Big5, Shift_JIS

#Glossary

character repertoire, coded character set (CCS), character encoding scheme (CES), charset (in MIME context), EUC, ISO-2022, UCS, UCS-2, Unicode, UTF, UTF-16

#See Also

#References

ECMA, ECMA-035 (eqISO-2022), IANA, Assigned Charset Names by IANA, ISO, RFC, UC, Unicode Glossary

#Other Notable Sites: czyborra.com, CJK.inf, Jungshik Shin's Hangul FAQ, debian.org: "Introduction to i18n"
#Offline sources: CJKV Information Processing by Ken Lunde

#Encode::lib::Encode::Unicode::UTF7, Encode::Unicode::UTF7 -- UTF-7 encoding

#SYNOPSIS
#ABSTRACT
#In Practice
#SEE ALSO

#Encode::lib::Encoder, Encode::Encoder -- Object Oriented Encoder

#SYNOPSIS

#ABSTRACT

#Description

#Predefined Methods: $e = Encode::Encoder->new([$data, $encoding]);, encoder(), $e->data([$data]), $e->encoding([$encoding]), $e->bytes([$encoding])
#Example: base64 transcoder
#Operator Overloading

#SEE ALSO

#Encodencoding, encoding - allows you to write your script in non-ascii or non-utf8

#SYNOPSIS

#ABSTRACT

#Literal Conversions
#PerlIO layers forSTD(IN|OUT)
#Implicit upgrading for byte strings

#FEATURES THAT REQUIRE 5.8.1

"NON-EUC" doublebyte encodings, tr//, DATA pseudo-filehandle

#USAGE

use encoding [ENCNAME] ;, use encodingENCNAME [ STDIN =>ENCNAME_IN ...] ;, use encodingENCNAME Filter=>1;, no encoding;

#The Filter Option

#Filter-related changes at Encode version 1.87

#CAVEATS

#NOT SCOPED
#DO NOT MIX MULTIPLE ENCODINGS
#tr/// with ranges: Legend of characters above

#EXAMPLE - Greekperl

#KNOWN PROBLEMS

literals in regex that are longer than 127 bytes, EBCDIC, format

#HISTORY

#SEE ALSO

#Encoder, Encode::Encoder -- Object Oriented Encoder

#SYNOPSIS

#ABSTRACT

#Description

#Predefined Methods: $e = Encode::Encoder->new([$data, $encoding]);, encoder(), $e->data([$data]), $e->encoding([$encoding]), $e->bytes([$encoding])
#Example: base64 transcoder
#Operator Overloading

#SEE ALSO

#English - use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation variables

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION
#PERFORMANCE

#Env - perl module that imports environment variables as scalars or arrays

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION
#LIMITATIONS
#AUTHOR

#Errno - System errno constants

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION
#CAVEATS
#AUTHOR
#COPYRIGHT

#Exporter - Implements default import method for modules

#SYNOPSIS

#DESCRIPTION

#How to Export
#Selecting What To Export
#How to Import: use ModuleName;,use ModuleName ();,use ModuleName qw(...);

#Advanced features

#Specialised Import Lists
#Exporting without using Exporter's import method
#Exporting without inheriting from Exporter
#Module Version Checking
#Managing Unknown Symbols
#Tag Handling Utility Functions
#Generating combined tags
#AUTOLOADed Constants

#Exporter::Heavy - Exporter guts

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION

#ExtUtils::Command - utilities to replace common UNIX commands in Makefiles etc.

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION

cat

eqtime src dst

rm_rf files...

rm_f files...

touch files ..

mv source... destination

cp source... destination

chmod mode files..

mkpath directory..

test_f file

#BUGS
#SEE ALSO
#AUTHOR

#ExtUtils::Command::MM - Commands for the MM's to use in Makefiles

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION: test_harness

pod2man

warn_if_old_packlist

perllocal_install

uninstall

#ExtUtils::Constant - generate XS code to import C header constants

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION
#USAGE: IV, UV, NV, PV, PVN, SV, YES, NO, UNDEF
#FUNCTIONS

C_stringify NAME

perl_stringify NAME

constant_types

memEQ_clause NAME, CHECKED_AT, INDENT

assign INDENT, TYPE, PRE, POST, VALUE..

return_clause

switch_clause INDENT, NAMELEN, ITEMHASH, ITEM..

params WHAT

dump_names

dogfood

C_constant, name, type, value, macro, default, pre, post, def_pre =item def_post, utf8

XS_constant PACKAGE, TYPES, SUBNAME, C_SUBNAME

autoload PACKAGE, VERSION, AUTOLOADER

WriteMakefileSnippet

WriteConstants ATTRIBUTE => VALUE [, ...], NAME, DEFAULT_TYPE, BREAKOUT_AT, NAMES, C_FILE, XS_FILE, SUBNAME, C_SUBNAME

#AUTHOR

#ExtUtils::Embed - Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION
#@EXPORT
#FUNCTIONS: xsinit(), Examples, ldopts(), Examples, perl_inc(), ccflags(), ccdlflags(), ccopts(), xsi_header(), xsi_protos(@modules), xsi_body(@modules)
#EXAMPLES
#SEE ALSO
#AUTHOR

#ExtUtils::Install - install files from here to there

#SYNOPSIS

#DESCRIPTION

#Functions: install

install_defaultDISCOURAGED

uninstall

pm_to_blib

_autosplit

#ENVIRONMENT: PERL_INSTALL_ROOT
#AUTHOR
#LICENSE

#ExtUtils::Installed - Inventory management of installed modules

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION
#USAGE
#FUNCTIONS: new(), modules(), files(), directories(), directory_tree(), validate(), packlist(), version()
#EXAMPLE
#AUTHOR

#ExtUtils::Liblist - determine libraries to use and how to use them

#SYNOPSIS

#DESCRIPTION

For static extensions, For dynamic extensions at build/link time, For dynamic extensions at load time

#EXTRALIBS
#LDLOADLIBS and LD_RUN_PATH
#BSLOADLIBS

#PORTABILITY

#VMS implementation
#Win32 implementation

#SEE ALSO

#ExtUtils::MM - OS adjusted ExtUtils::MakeMaker subclass

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION

#ExtUtils::MM_Any - Platform-agnostic MM methods

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION
#Inherently Cross-Platform Methods: installvars

os_flavor_is

#File::Spec wrappers: catfile

#Thought To Be Cross-Platform Methods: split_command

echo

init_VERSION

wraplist

manifypods

manifypods_target

makemakerdflt_target

special_targets

POD2MAN_macro

test_via_harness

test_via_script

libscan

tool_autosplit

all_target

metafile_target

metafile_addtomanifest_target

#Abstract methods: oneliner,quote_literal,escape_newlines, max_exec_len,init_others, init_DIRFILESEP, init_linker, init_platform, platform_constants

os_flavor

#AUTHOR

#ExtUtils::MM_BeOS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION

os_flavor (o)

init_linker

#ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin - methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION: os_flavor (o)

cflags (o)

replace_manpage_separator (o)

init_linker

#ExtUtils::MM_DOS - DOS specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix

#SYNOPSIS

#DESCRIPTION

#Overridden methods: os_flavor

replace_manpage_separator

#AUTHOR
#SEE ALSO

#ExtUtils::MM_MacOS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION

maybe_command

guess_name

macify

patternify

init_main

init_others

init_platform, platform_constants

init_dirscan

init_VERSION (o)

special_targets (o)

static (o)

dlsyms (o)

dynamic (o)

clean (o)

clean_subdirs_target

realclean (o)

realclean_subdirs_target

rulez (o)

processPL (o)

os_flavor

#ExtUtils::MM_NW5 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION

os_flavor

init_platform (o), platform_constants

const_cccmd (o)

static_lib (o)

dynamic_lib (o)

#ExtUtils::MM_OS2 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION
#METHODS: init_dist (o)

init_linker

os_flavor

#ExtUtils::MM_UWIN - U/WIN specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix

#SYNOPSIS

#DESCRIPTION

#Overridden methods: os_flavor

replace_manpage_separator

#AUTHOR
#SEE ALSO

#ExtUtils::MM_Unix - methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION
#METHODS

#Methods: os_flavor (o)

c_o (o)

cflags (o)

clean (o)

clean_subdirs_target

const_cccmd (o)

const_config (o)

const_loadlibs (o)

constants (o)

depend (o)

dir_target (o)

init_DEST

init_dist

dist (o)

dist_basics (o)

dist_ci (o)

dist_core (o)

dist_target

tardist_target

zipdist_target

tarfile_target

zipfile_target

uutardist_target

shdist_target

distdir

dist_test

dlsyms (o)

dynamic (o)

dynamic_bs (o)

dynamic_lib (o)

exescan

extliblist

find_perl

find_tests

#Methods to actually produce chunks of text for the Makefile: fixin

force (o)

guess_name

has_link_code

init_dirscan

init_DIRFILESEP

init_main

init_others

init_INST

init_INSTALL

init_linker

init_lib2arch

init_PERL

init_platform (o), platform_constants (o)

init_PERM

init_xs

install (o)

installbin (o)

linkext (o)

lsdir

macro (o)

makeaperl (o)

makefile (o)

maybe_command

needs_linking (o)

nicetext

parse_abstract

parse_version

pasthru (o)

perl_script

perldepend (o)

perm_rw (o)

perm_rwx (o)

pm_to_blib

post_constants (o)

post_initialize (o)

postamble (o)

ppd

prefixify

processPL (o)

quote_paren

realclean (o)

realclean_subdirs_target

replace_manpage_separator

oneliner (o)

quote_literal

escape_newlines

max_exec_len

static (o)

static_lib (o)

staticmake (o)

subdir_x (o)

subdirs (o)

test (o)

test_via_harness (override)

test_via_script (override)

tools_other (o)

tool_xsubpp (o)

all_target

top_targets (o)

writedoc

xs_c (o)

xs_cpp (o)

xs_o (o)

#SEE ALSO

#ExtUtils::MM_VMS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker

#SYNOPSIS

#DESCRIPTION

#Methods always loaded: wraplist

#Methods: guess_name (override)

find_perl (override)

maybe_command (override)

perl_script (override)

replace_manpage_separator

init_DEST

init_DIRFILESEP

init_main (override)

init_others (override)

init_platform (override)

platform_constants

init_VERSION (override)

constants (override)

special_targets

cflags (override)

const_cccmd (override)

tool_sxubpp (override)

tools_other (override)

init_dist (override)

c_o (override)

xs_c (override)

xs_o (override)

dlsyms (override)

dynamic_lib (override)

dynamic_bs (override)

static_lib (override)

processPL (override)

installbin (override)

subdir_x (override)

clean (override)

clean_subdirs_target

realclean (override)

zipfile_target (o), tarfile_target (o), shdist_target (o)

dist_test (override)

install (override)

perldepend (override)

makefile (override)

find_tests (override)

test (override)

makeaperl (override)

nicetext (override)

prefixify (override)

oneliner (o)

echo (o)

quote_literal

escape_newlines

max_exec_len

init_linker (o)

eliminate_macros

fixpath

os_flavor

#ExtUtils::MM_Win32 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION

#Overridden methods: dlsyms

replace_manpage_separator

maybe_command

find_tests

init_DIRFILESEP

init_others

init_platform (o), platform_constants (o)

special_targets (o)

static_lib (o)

dynamic_lib (o)

clean

init_linker

perl_script

xs_o (o)

pasthru (o)

oneliner (o)

max_exec_len

os_flavor

#ExtUtils::MM_Win95 - method to customize MakeMaker for Win9X

#SYNOPSIS

#DESCRIPTION

#Overriden methods: dist_test

subdir_x

xs_c

xs_cpp

xs_o

clean_subdirs_target

realclean_subdirs_target

os_flavor

#AUTHOR

#ExtUtils::MY - ExtUtils::MakeMaker subclass for customization

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION

#ExtUtils::MakeMaker - Create a module Makefile

#SYNOPSIS

#DESCRIPTION

#How To Write A Makefile.PL

#Default Makefile Behaviour

#make test

#make testdb

#make install

#PREFIX and LIB attribute

#AFS users

#Static Linking of a new Perl Binary

#Determination of Perl Library and Installation Locations

#Which architecture dependent directory?

#Using Attributes and Parameters

ABSTRACT, ABSTRACT_FROM, AUTHOR, BINARY_LOCATION, C, CCFLAGS, CONFIG, CONFIGURE, DEFINE, DESTDIR, DIR, DISTNAME, DISTVNAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, EXCLUDE_EXT, EXE_FILES, FIRST_MAKEFILE, FULLPERL, FULLPERLRUN, FULLPERLRUNINST, FUNCLIST, H, IMPORTS, INC, INCLUDE_EXT, INSTALLARCHLIB, INSTALLBIN, INSTALLDIRS, INSTALLMAN1DIR, INSTALLMAN3DIR, INSTALLPRIVLIB, INSTALLSCRIPT, INSTALLSITEARCH, INSTALLSITEBIN, INSTALLSITELIB, INSTALLSITEMAN1DIR, INSTALLSITEMAN3DIR, INSTALLVENDORARCH, INSTALLVENDORBIN, INSTALLVENDORLIB, INSTALLVENDORMAN1DIR, INSTALLVENDORMAN3DIR, INST_ARCHLIB, INST_BIN, INST_LIB, INST_MAN1DIR, INST_MAN3DIR, INST_SCRIPT, LD, LDDLFLAGS, LDFROM, LIB, LIBPERL_A, LIBS, LINKTYPE, MAKEAPERL, MAKEFILE_OLD, MAN1PODS, MAN3PODS, MAP_TARGET, MYEXTLIB, NAME, NEEDS_LINKING, NOECHO, NORECURS, NO_META, NO_VC, OBJECT, OPTIMIZE, PERL, PERL_CORE, PERLMAINCC, PERL_ARCHLIB, PERL_LIB, PERL_MALLOC_OK, PERLPREFIX, PERLRUN, PERLRUNINST, PERL_SRC, PERM_RW, PERM_RWX, PL_FILES, PM, PMLIBDIRS, PM_FILTER, POLLUTE, PPM_INSTALL_EXEC, PPM_INSTALL_SCRIPT, PREFIX, PREREQ_FATAL, PREREQ_PM, PREREQ_PRINT, PRINT_PREREQ, SITEPREFIX, SKIP, TYPEMAPS, VENDORPREFIX, VERBINST, VERSION, VERSION_FROM, VERSION_SYM, XS, XSOPT, XSPROTOARG, XS_VERSION

#Additional lowercase attributes

clean, depend, dist, dynamic_lib, linkext, macro, postamble, realclean, test, tool_autosplit

#Overriding MakeMaker Methods

#The End Of Cargo Cult Programming

<MAN3PODS = ' '>>

#Hintsfile support

#Distribution Support

 make distcheck,    make skipcheck, make distclean,    make manifest, make distdir,   make disttest,    make tardist,    make dist,    makeuutardist,    make shdist,    make zipdist,    make ci

#Module Meta-Data

#Disabling an extension

#Other Handy Functions

prompt

#ENVIRONMENT

PERL_MM_OPT, PERL_MM_USE_DEFAULT

#SEE ALSO

#AUTHORS

#LICENSE

#ExtUtils::MakeMaker::FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions About MakeMaker

#DESCRIPTION

#Philosophy and History: Why not just use <insert other build config tool here>?, What's Module::Build and how does it relate to MakeMaker?, pure perl. no make, no shell commands, easier to customize, cleaner internals, less cruft
#Module Writing: How do I keep my $VERSION up to date without resetting it manually?, What's thisMETA.yml thing and how did it get in myMANIFEST?!
#XS: How to I prevent "object version X.XX does not match bootstrap parameter Y.YY" errors?, How do I make two or more XS files coexist in the same directory?

#PATCHING

#AUTHOR

#SEE ALSO

#ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Tutorial - Writing a module with MakeMaker

#SYNOPSIS

#DESCRIPTION

#The Mantra
#The Layout: Makefile.PL, MANIFEST, lib/, t/, Changes, README, INSTALL, MANIFEST.SKIP, bin/

#SEE ALSO

#ExtUtils::MakeMaker::bytes - Version agnostic bytes.pm

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION

#ExtUtils::MakeMaker::vmsish - Platform agnostic vmsish.pm

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION

#ExtUtils::Manifest - utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file

#SYNOPSIS

#DESCRIPTION

#Functions: mkmanifest

manifind

manicheck

filecheck

fullcheck

skipcheck

maniread

manicopy

maniadd

#MANIFEST
#MANIFEST.SKIP
#EXPORT_OK
#GLOBAL VARIABLES

#DIAGNOSTICS: Not in MANIFEST:file,Skippingfile,No such file:file,MANIFEST:$!,Added to MANIFEST:file
#ENVIRONMENT: PERL_MM_MANIFEST_DEBUG
#SEE ALSO
#AUTHOR

#ExtUtils::Miniperl, writemain - write the C code for perlmain.c

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION
#SEE ALSO

#ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap - make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION

#ExtUtils::Mksymlists - write linker options files for dynamic extension

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION: DLBASE, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, FILE, FUNCLIST, IMPORTS, NAME
#AUTHOR
#REVISION

#ExtUtils::Packlist - manage .packlist files

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION
#USAGE
#FUNCTIONS: new(), read(), write(), validate(), packlist_file()
#EXAMPLE
#AUTHOR

#ExtUtils::testlib - add blib/* directories to @INC

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION

#Fatal - replace functions with equivalents which succeed or die

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION
#AUTHOR

#Fcntl - load the C Fcntl.h defines

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION
#NOTE
#EXPORTED SYMBOLS

#File::Basename, fileparse - split a pathname into pieces

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION: fileparse_set_fstype, fileparse
#EXAMPLES: basename,dirname

#File::CheckTree, validate - run many filetest checks on a tree

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION
#AUTHOR
#HISTORY

#File::Compare - Compare files or filehandles

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION
#RETURN
#AUTHOR

#File::Copy - Copy files or filehandles

#SYNOPSIS

#DESCRIPTION

#Special behaviour ifsyscopy is defined (OS/2, VMS and Win32): rmscopy($from,$to[,$date_flag])

#RETURN

#NOTES

#AUTHOR

#File::DosGlob - DOS like globbing and then some

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION
#NOTES
#EXPORTS (by request only)
#BUGS
#AUTHOR
#HISTORY
#SEE ALSO

#File::Find - Traverse a directory tree.

#SYNOPSIS

#DESCRIPTION

find,finddepth

#%options: wanted,bydepth,preprocess,postprocess,follow,follow_fast,follow_skip,dangling_symlinks,no_chdir,untaint,untaint_pattern,untaint_skip
#The wanted function: $File::Find::dir is the current directory name,,$_ is the current filename within that directory,$File::Find::name is the complete pathname to the file

#WARNINGS

#CAVEAT

$dont_use_nlink, symlinks

#NOTES

#HISTORY

#File::Glob - Perl extension for BSD glob routine

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION: GLOB_ERR,GLOB_LIMIT,GLOB_MARK,GLOB_NOCASE,GLOB_NOCHECK,GLOB_NOSORT,GLOB_BRACE,GLOB_NOMAGIC,GLOB_QUOTE,GLOB_TILDE,GLOB_CSH,GLOB_ALPHASORT
#DIAGNOSTICS: GLOB_NOSPACE,GLOB_ABEND
#NOTES
#AUTHOR

#File::Path - create or remove directory trees

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION
#DIAGNOSTICS
#AUTHORS

#File::Spec - portably perform operations on file names

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION
#METHODS: canonpath, catdir, catfile, curdir, devnull, rootdir, tmpdir, updir, no_upwards, case_tolerant, file_name_is_absolute, path, join, splitpath, splitdir, catpath(), abs2rel, rel2abs()
#SEE ALSO
#AUTHORS

#File::Spec::Cygwin - methods for Cygwin file specs

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION

canonpath

file_name_is_absolute

tmpdir (override)

#File::Spec::Epoc - methods for Epoc file specs

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION
#AUTHORS

canonpath()

#SEE ALSO

#File::Spec::Functions - portably perform operations on file names

#SYNOPSIS

#DESCRIPTION

#Exports

#SEE ALSO

#File::Spec::Mac - File::Spec for Mac OS (Classic)

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION
#METHODS: canonpath

catdir()

catfile

curdir

devnull

rootdir

tmpdir

updir

file_name_is_absolute

path

splitpath

splitdir

catpath

abs2rel

rel2abs

#AUTHORS
#SEE ALSO

#File::Spec::OS2 - methods for OS/2 file specs

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION: tmpdir, splitpath

#File::Spec::Unix - File::Spec for Unix, base for other File::Spec modules

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION
#METHODS: canonpath()

catdir()

catfile

curdir

devnull

rootdir

tmpdir

updir

no_upwards

case_tolerant

file_name_is_absolute

path

join

splitpath

splitdir

catpath()

abs2rel

rel2abs()

#SEE ALSO

#File::Spec::VMS - methods for VMS file specs

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION: eliminate_macros

fixpath

#Methods always loaded: canonpath (override)

catdir

catfile

curdir (override)

devnull (override)

rootdir (override)

tmpdir (override)

updir (override)

case_tolerant (override)

path (override)

file_name_is_absolute (override)

splitpath (override)

splitdir (override)

catpath (override)

abs2rel (override)

rel2abs (override)

#SEE ALSO

#File::Spec::Win32 - methods for Win32 file specs

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION: devnull

tmpdir

catfile

canonpath

splitpath

splitdir

catpath

#Note For File::Spec::Win32 Maintainers

#SEE ALSO

#File::Temp - return name and handle of a temporary file safely

#PORTABILITY
#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION

#OO INTERFACE: new

filename

DESTROY

#FUNCTIONS: tempfile

tempdir

#MKTEMP FUNCTIONS: mkstemp

mkstemps

mkdtemp

mktemp

#POSIX FUNCTIONS: tmpnam

tmpfile

#ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS: tempnam

#UTILITY FUNCTIONS: unlink0

cmpstat

unlink1

#PACKAGE VARIABLES: safe_level, STANDARD, MEDIUM, HIGH

TopSystemUID

#WARNING

#Temporary files and NFS

#HISTORY

#SEE ALSO

#AUTHOR

#File::stat - by-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION
#BUGS
#NOTE
#AUTHOR

#FileCache - keep more files open than the system permits

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION: cacheout EXPR, cacheout MODE, EXPR
#CAVEATS
#BUGS
#NOTES

#FileHandle - supply object methods for filehandles

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION: $fh->print, $fh->printf, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines
#SEE ALSO

#Filter::Simple - Simplified source filtering

#SYNOPSIS

#DESCRIPTION

#The Problem
#A Solution
#Disabling or changing <no> behaviour
#All-in-one interface
#Filtering only specific components of source code: "code","executable","quotelike","string","regex","all"
#Filtering only the code parts of source code: Most source code ceases to be grammatically correct when it is broken up into the pieces between string literals and regexes. So the'code' component filter behaves slightly differently from the other partial filters described in the previous section.
#Using Filter::Simple with an explicitimport subroutine
#Using Filter::Simple and Exporter together
#How it works

#AUTHOR

#COPYRIGHT

#Filter::Util::Call - Perl Source Filter Utility Module

#SYNOPSIS

#DESCRIPTION

#use Filter::Util::Call
#import()
#filter() and anonymous sub: $_,$status,filter_read andfilter_read_exact,filter_del

#EXAMPLES

#Example 1: A simple filter.
#Example 2: Using the context
#Example 3: Using the context within the filter
#Example 4: Using filter_del

#Filter::Simple

#AUTHOR

#DATE

#FindBin - Locate directory of original perl script

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION
#EXPORTABLE VARIABLES
#KNOWN ISSUES
#KNOWN BUGS
#AUTHORS
#COPYRIGHT

#GDBM_File - Perl5 access to the gdbm library.

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION
#AVAILABILITY
#BUGS
#SEE ALSO

#Getopt::Long - Extended processing of command line options

#SYNOPSIS

#DESCRIPTION

#Command Line Options, an Introduction

#Getting Started with Getopt::Long

#Simple options
#A little bit less simple options
#Mixing command line option with other arguments
#Options with values
#Options with multiple values
#Options with hash values
#User-defined subroutines to handle options
#Options with multiple names
#Case and abbreviations
#Summary of Option Specifications: !, +, s, i, o, f, :type [desttype ], :number [desttype ], : + [desttype ]

#Advanced Possibilities

#Object oriented interface
#Thread Safety
#Documentation and help texts
#Storing options in a hash
#Bundling
#The lonesome dash
#Argument callback

#Configuring Getopt::Long

default, posix_default, auto_abbrev, getopt_compat, gnu_compat, gnu_getopt, require_order, permute, bundling (default: disabled), bundling_override (default: disabled), ignore_case (default: enabled), ignore_case_always (default: disabled), auto_version (default:disabled), auto_help (default:disabled), pass_through (default: disabled), prefix, prefix_pattern, debug (default: disabled)

#Exportable Methods

VersionMessage,-message,-msg,-exitval,-output, HelpMessage

#Return values and Errors

#Legacy

#Default destinations
#Alternative option starters
#Configuration variables

#Trouble Shooting

#GetOptions does not return a false result when an option is not supplied
#GetOptions does not split the command line correctly
#Undefined subroutine &main::GetOptions called
#How do I put a "-?" option into a Getopt::Long?

#AUTHOR

#COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER

#Getopt::Std, getopt, getopts - Process single-character switches with switch clustering

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION
#--help and--version

#Hash::Util - A selection of general-utility hash subroutines

#SYNOPSIS

#DESCRIPTION

#Restricted hashes: lock_keys, unlock_keys

lock_value, unlock_value

lock_hash,unlock_hash

hash_seed

#CAVEATS
#AUTHOR
#SEE ALSO

#I18N::Collate - compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current locale

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION

#I18N::LangTags - functions for dealing with RFC3066-style language tags

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION

the function is_language_tag($lang1)

the function extract_language_tags($whatever)

the function same_language_tag($lang1, $lang2)

the function similarity_language_tag($lang1, $lang2)

the function is_dialect_of($lang1, $lang2)

the function super_languages($lang1)

the function locale2language_tag($locale_identifier)

the function encode_language_tag($lang1)

the function alternate_language_tags($lang1)

the function @langs = panic_languages(@accept_languages)

#ABOUT LOWERCASING
#ABOUT UNICODE PLAINTEXT LANGUAGE TAGS
#SEE ALSO
#COPYRIGHT
#AUTHOR

#I18N::LangTags::List -- tags and names for human languages

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION
#ABOUT LANGUAGE TAGS
#LIST OF LANGUAGES: {ab} : Abkhazian, {ace} : Achinese, {ach} : Acoli, {ada} : Adangme, {ady} : Adyghe, {aa} : Afar, {afh} : Afrihili, {af} : Afrikaans, [{afa} : Afro-Asiatic (Other)], {ak} : Akan, {akk} : Akkadian, {sq} : Albanian, {ale} : Aleut, [{alg} : Algonquian languages], [{tut} : Altaic (Other)], {am} : Amharic, {i-ami} : Ami, [{apa} : Apache languages], {ar} : Arabic, {arc} : Aramaic, {arp} : Arapaho, {arn} : Araucanian, {arw} : Arawak, {hy} : Armenian, {an} : Aragonese, [{art} : Artificial (Other)], {ast} : Asturian, {as} : Assamese, [{ath} : Athapascan languages], [{aus} : Australian languages], [{map} : Austronesian (Other)], {av} : Avaric, {ae} : Avestan, {awa} : Awadhi, {ay} : Aymara, {az} : Azerbaijani, {ban} : Balinese, [{bat} : Baltic (Other)], {bal} : Baluchi, {bm} : Bambara, [{bai} : Bamileke languages], {bad} : Banda, [{bnt} : Bantu (Other)], {bas} : Basa, {ba} : Bashkir, {eu} : Basque, {btk} : Batak (Indonesia), {bej} : Beja, {be} : Belarusian, {bem} : Bemba, {bn} : Bengali, [{ber} : Berber (Other)], {bho} : Bhojpuri, {bh} : Bihari, {bik} : Bikol, {bin} : Bini, {bi} : Bislama, {bs} : Bosnian, {bra} : Braj, {br} : Breton, {bug} : Buginese, {bg} : Bulgarian, {i-bnn} : Bunun, {bua} : Buriat, {my} : Burmese, {cad} : Caddo, {car} : Carib, {ca} : Catalan, [{cau} : Caucasian (Other)], {ceb} : Cebuano, [{cel} : Celtic (Other)], [{cai} : Central American Indian (Other)], {chg} : Chagatai, [{cmc} : Chamic languages], {ch} : Chamorro, {ce} : Chechen, {chr} : Cherokee, {chy} : Cheyenne, {chb} : Chibcha, {ny} : Chichewa, {zh} : Chinese, {chn} : Chinook Jargon, {chp} : Chipewyan, {cho} : Choctaw, {cu} : Church Slavic, {chk} : Chuukese, {cv} : Chuvash, {cop} : Coptic, {kw} : Cornish, {co} : Corsican, {cr} : Cree, {mus} : Creek, [{cpe} : English-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)], [{cpf} : French-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)], [{cpp} : Portuguese-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)], [{crp} : Creoles and pidgins (Other)], {hr} : Croatian, [{cus} : Cushitic (Other)], {cs} : Czech, {dak} : Dakota, {da} : Danish, {dar} : Dargwa, {day} : Dayak, {i-default} : Default (Fallthru) Language, {del} : Delaware, {din} : Dinka, {dv} : Divehi, {doi} : Dogri, {dgr} : Dogrib, [{dra} : Dravidian (Other)], {dua} : Duala, {nl} : Dutch, {dum} : Middle Dutch (ca.1050-1350), {dyu} : Dyula, {dz} : Dzongkha, {efi} : Efik, {egy} : Ancient Egyptian, {eka} : Ekajuk, {elx} : Elamite, {en} : English, {enm} : Old English (1100-1500), {ang} : Old English (ca.450-1100), {i-enochian} : Enochian (Artificial), {myv} : Erzya, {eo} : Esperanto, {et} : Estonian, {ee} : Ewe, {ewo} : Ewondo, {fan} : Fang, {fat} : Fanti, {fo} : Faroese, {fj} : Fijian, {fi} : Finnish, [{fiu} : Finno-Ugrian (Other)], {fon} : Fon, {fr} : French, {frm} : Middle French (ca.1400-1600), {fro} : Old French (842-ca.1400), {fy} : Frisian, {fur} : Friulian, {ff} : Fulah, {gaa} : Ga, {gd} : Scots Gaelic, {gl} : Gallegan, {lg} : Ganda, {gay} : Gayo, {gba} : Gbaya, {gez} : Geez, {ka} : Georgian, {de} : German, {gmh} : Middle High German (ca.1050-1500), {goh} : Old High German (ca.750-1050), [{gem} : Germanic (Other)], {gil} : Gilbertese, {gon} : Gondi, {gor} : Gorontalo, {got} : Gothic, {grb} : Grebo, {grc} : Ancient Greek, {el} : Modern Greek, {gn} : Guarani, {gu} : Gujarati, {gwi} : Gwich'in, {hai} : Haida, {ht} : Haitian, {ha} : Hausa, {haw} : Hawaiian, {he} : Hebrew, {hz} : Herero, {hil} : Hiligaynon, {him} : Himachali, {hi} : Hindi, {ho} : Hiri Motu, {hit} : Hittite, {hmn} : Hmong, {hu} : Hungarian, {hup} : Hupa, {iba} : Iban, {is} : Icelandic, {io} : Ido, {ig} : Igbo, {ijo} : Ijo, {ilo} : Iloko, [{inc} : Indic (Other)], [{ine} : Indo-European (Other)], {id} : Indonesian, {inh} : Ingush, {ia} : Interlingua (International Auxiliary Language Association), {ie} : Interlingue, {iu} : Inuktitut, {ik} : Inupiaq, [{ira} : Iranian (Other)], {ga} : Irish, {mga} : Middle Irish (900-1200), {sga} : Old Irish (to 900), [{iro} : Iroquoian languages], {it} : Italian, {ja} : Japanese, {jv} : Javanese, {jrb} : Judeo-Arabic, {jpr} : Judeo-Persian, {kbd} : Kabardian, {kab} : Kabyle, {kac} : Kachin, {kl} : Kalaallisut, {xal} : Kalmyk, {kam} : Kamba, {kn} : Kannada, {kr} : Kanuri, {krc} : Karachay-Balkar, {kaa} : Kara-Kalpak, {kar} : Karen, {ks} : Kashmiri, {csb} : Kashubian, {kaw} : Kawi, {kk} : Kazakh, {kha} : Khasi, {km} : Khmer, [{khi} : Khoisan (Other)], {kho} : Khotanese, {ki} : Kikuyu, {kmb} : Kimbundu, {rw} : Kinyarwanda, {ky} : Kirghiz, {i-klingon} : Klingon, {kv} : Komi, {kg} : Kongo, {kok} : Konkani, {ko} : Korean, {kos} : Kosraean, {kpe} : Kpelle, {kro} : Kru, {kj} : Kuanyama, {kum} : Kumyk, {ku} : Kurdish, {kru} : Kurukh, {kut} : Kutenai, {lad} : Ladino, {lah} : Lahnda, {lam} : Lamba, {lo} : Lao, {la} : Latin, {lv} : Latvian, {lb} : Letzeburgesch, {lez} : Lezghian, {li} : Limburgish, {ln} : Lingala, {lt} : Lithuanian, {nds} : Low German, {art-lojban} : Lojban (Artificial), {loz} : Lozi, {lu} : Luba-Katanga, {lua} : Luba-Lulua, {lui} : Luiseno, {lun} : Lunda, {luo} : Luo (Kenya and Tanzania), {lus} : Lushai, {mk} : Macedonian, {mad} : Madurese, {mag} : Magahi, {mai} : Maithili, {mak} : Makasar, {mg} : Malagasy, {ms} : Malay, {ml} : Malayalam, {mt} : Maltese, {mnc} : Manchu, {mdr} : Mandar, {man} : Mandingo, {mni} : Manipuri, [{mno} : Manobo languages], {gv} : Manx, {mi} : Maori, {mr} : Marathi, {chm} : Mari, {mh} : Marshall, {mwr} : Marwari, {mas} : Masai, [{myn} : Mayan languages], {men} : Mende, {mic} : Micmac, {min} : Minangkabau, {i-mingo} : Mingo, [{mis} : Miscellaneous languages], {moh} : Mohawk, {mdf} : Moksha, {mo} : Moldavian, [{mkh} : Mon-Khmer (Other)], {lol} : Mongo, {mn} : Mongolian, {mos} : Mossi, [{mul} : Multiple languages], [{mun} : Munda languages], {nah} : Nahuatl, {nap} : Neapolitan, {na} : Nauru, {nv} : Navajo, {nd} : North Ndebele, {nr} : South Ndebele, {ng} : Ndonga, {ne} : Nepali, {new} : Newari, {nia} : Nias, [{nic} : Niger-Kordofanian (Other)], [{ssa} : Nilo-Saharan (Other)], {niu} : Niuean, {nog} : Nogai, {non} : Old Norse, [{nai} : North American Indian], {no} : Norwegian, {nb} : Norwegian Bokmal, {nn} : Norwegian Nynorsk, [{nub} : Nubian languages], {nym} : Nyamwezi, {nyn} : Nyankole, {nyo} : Nyoro, {nzi} : Nzima, {oc} : Occitan (post 1500), {oj} : Ojibwa, {or} : Oriya, {om} : Oromo, {osa} : Osage, {os} : Ossetian; Ossetic, [{oto} : Otomian languages], {pal} : Pahlavi, {i-pwn} : Paiwan, {pau} : Palauan, {pi} : Pali, {pam} : Pampanga, {pag} : Pangasinan, {pa} : Panjabi, {pap} : Papiamento, [{paa} : Papuan (Other)], {fa} : Persian, {peo} : Old Persian (ca.600-400 B.C.), [{phi} : Philippine (Other)], {phn} : Phoenician, {pon} : Pohnpeian, {pl} : Polish, {pt} : Portuguese, [{pra} : Prakrit languages], {pro} : Old Provencal (to 1500), {ps} : Pushto, {qu} : Quechua, {rm} : Raeto-Romance, {raj} : Rajasthani, {rap} : Rapanui, {rar} : Rarotongan, [{qaa - qtz} : Reserved for local use.], [{roa} : Romance (Other)], {ro} : Romanian, {rom} : Romany, {rn} : Rundi, {ru} : Russian, [{sal} : Salishan languages], {sam} : Samaritan Aramaic, {se} : Northern Sami, {sma} : Southern Sami, {smn} : Inari Sami, {smj} : Lule Sami, {sms} : Skolt Sami, [{smi} : Sami languages (Other)], {sm} : Samoan, {sad} : Sandawe, {sg} : Sango, {sa} : Sanskrit, {sat} : Santali, {sc} : Sardinian, {sas} : Sasak, {sco} : Scots, {sel} : Selkup, [{sem} : Semitic (Other)], {sr} : Serbian, {srr} : Serer, {shn} : Shan, {sn} : Shona, {sid} : Sidamo, {sgn-...} : Sign Languages, {bla} : Siksika, {sd} : Sindhi, {si} : Sinhalese, [{sit} : Sino-Tibetan (Other)], [{sio} : Siouan languages], {den} : Slave (Athapascan), [{sla} : Slavic (Other)], {sk} : Slovak, {sl} : Slovenian, {sog} : Sogdian, {so} : Somali, {son} : Songhai, {snk} : Soninke, {wen} : Sorbian languages, {nso} : Northern Sotho, {st} : Southern Sotho, [{sai} : South American Indian (Other)], {es} : Spanish, {suk} : Sukuma, {sux} : Sumerian, {su} : Sundanese, {sus} : Susu, {sw} : Swahili, {ss} : Swati, {sv} : Swedish, {syr} : Syriac, {tl} : Tagalog, {ty} : Tahitian, [{tai} : Tai (Other)], {tg} : Tajik, {tmh} : Tamashek, {ta} : Tamil, {i-tao} : Tao, {tt} : Tatar, {i-tay} : Tayal, {te} : Telugu, {ter} : Tereno, {tet} : Tetum, {th} : Thai, {bo} : Tibetan, {tig} : Tigre, {ti} : Tigrinya, {tem} : Timne, {tiv} : Tiv, {tli} : Tlingit, {tpi} : Tok Pisin, {tkl} : Tokelau, {tog} : Tonga (Nyasa), {to} : Tonga (Tonga Islands), {tsi} : Tsimshian, {ts} : Tsonga, {i-tsu} : Tsou, {tn} : Tswana, {tum} : Tumbuka, [{tup} : Tupi languages], {tr} : Turkish, {ota} : Ottoman Turkish (1500-1928), {crh} : Crimean Turkish, {tk} : Turkmen, {tvl} : Tuvalu, {tyv} : Tuvinian, {tw} : Twi, {udm} : Udmurt, {uga} : Ugaritic, {ug} : Uighur, {uk} : Ukrainian, {umb} : Umbundu, {und} : Undetermined, {ur} : Urdu, {uz} : Uzbek, {vai} : Vai, {ve} : Venda, {vi} : Vietnamese, {vo} : Volapuk, {vot} : Votic, [{wak} : Wakashan languages], {wa} : Walloon, {wal} : Walamo, {war} : Waray, {was} : Washo, {cy} : Welsh, {wo} : Wolof, {x-...} : Unregistered (Semi-Private Use), {xh} : Xhosa, {sah} : Yakut, {yao} : Yao, {yap} : Yapese, {ii} : Sichuan Yi, {yi} : Yiddish, {yo} : Yoruba, [{ypk} : Yupik languages], {znd} : Zande, [{zap} : Zapotec], {zen} : Zenaga, {za} : Zhuang, {zu} : Zulu, {zun} : Zuni
#SEE ALSO
#COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
#AUTHOR

#I18N::Langinfo - query locale information

#SYNOPSIS

#DESCRIPTION

#EXPORT

#SEE ALSO

#AUTHOR

#COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE

#IO - load various IO modules

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION
#DEPRECATED

#IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory handles

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION: new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (), rewind (), close (), tie %hash, 'IO::Dir', DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
#SEE ALSO
#AUTHOR
#COPYRIGHT

#IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION
#CONSTRUCTOR: new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
#METHODS: open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), open( FILENAME, IOLAYERS )
#SEE ALSO
#HISTORY

#IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O handles

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION
#CONSTRUCTOR: new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
#METHODS: $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines, $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error, $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ), $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
#NOTE
#SEE ALSO
#BUGS
#HISTORY

#IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION
#CONSTRUCTOR: new ( [READER, WRITER] )
#METHODS: reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
#SEE ALSO
#AUTHOR
#COPYRIGHT

#IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION
#METHODS: mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove ( IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
#SEE ALSO
#AUTHOR
#COPYRIGHT

#IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for I/O objects

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION: $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->seek ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET), WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=2 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ), $io->tell
#SEE ALSO
#HISTORY

#IO::Select - OO interface to the select system call

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION
#CONSTRUCTOR: new ( [ HANDLES ] )
#METHODS: add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, EXCEPTION [, TIMEOUT ] )
#EXAMPLE
#AUTHOR
#COPYRIGHT

#IO::Socket - Object interface to socket communications

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION
#CONSTRUCTOR: new ( [ARGS] )
#METHODS: accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, connected, protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, timeout([VAL])
#SEE ALSO
#AUTHOR
#COPYRIGHT

#IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for AF_INET domain sockets

#SYNOPSIS

#DESCRIPTION

#CONSTRUCTOR

new ( [ARGS] )

#METHODS: sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost ()

#SEE ALSO

#AUTHOR

#COPYRIGHT

#IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for AF_UNIX domain sockets

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION
#CONSTRUCTOR: new ( [ARGS] )
#METHODS: hostpath(), peerpath()
#SEE ALSO
#AUTHOR
#COPYRIGHT

#IO::lib::IO::Dir, IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory handles

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION: new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (), rewind (), close (), tie %hash, 'IO::Dir', DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
#SEE ALSO
#AUTHOR
#COPYRIGHT

#IO::lib::IO::File, IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION
#CONSTRUCTOR: new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
#METHODS: open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), open( FILENAME, IOLAYERS )
#SEE ALSO
#HISTORY

#IO::lib::IO::Handle, IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O handles

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION
#CONSTRUCTOR: new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
#METHODS: $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines, $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error, $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ), $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
#NOTE
#SEE ALSO
#BUGS
#HISTORY

#IO::lib::IO::Pipe, IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION
#CONSTRUCTOR: new ( [READER, WRITER] )
#METHODS: reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
#SEE ALSO
#AUTHOR
#COPYRIGHT

#IO::lib::IO::Poll, IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION
#METHODS: mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove ( IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
#SEE ALSO
#AUTHOR
#COPYRIGHT

#IO::lib::IO::Seekable, IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for I/O objects

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION: $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->seek ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET), WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=2 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ), $io->tell
#SEE ALSO
#HISTORY

#IO::lib::IO::Select, IO::Select - OO interface to the select system call

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION
#CONSTRUCTOR: new ( [ HANDLES ] )
#METHODS: add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, EXCEPTION [, TIMEOUT ] )
#EXAMPLE
#AUTHOR
#COPYRIGHT

#IO::lib::IO::Socket, IO::Socket - Object interface to socket communications

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION
#CONSTRUCTOR: new ( [ARGS] )
#METHODS: accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, connected, protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, timeout([VAL])
#SEE ALSO
#AUTHOR
#COPYRIGHT

#IO::lib::IO::Socket::INET, IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for AF_INET domain sockets

#SYNOPSIS

#DESCRIPTION

#CONSTRUCTOR

new ( [ARGS] )

#METHODS: sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost ()

#SEE ALSO

#AUTHOR

#COPYRIGHT

#IO::lib::IO::Socket::UNIX, IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for AF_UNIX domain sockets

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION
#CONSTRUCTOR: new ( [ARGS] )
#METHODS: hostpath(), peerpath()
#SEE ALSO
#AUTHOR
#COPYRIGHT

#IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION
#METHODS: new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [, FLAGS ] ), stat
#SEE ALSO
#AUTHOR
#COPYRIGHT

#IPC::Open2, open2 - open a process for both reading and writing

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION
#WARNING
#SEE ALSO

#IPC::Open3, open3 - open a process for reading, writing, and error handling

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION
#WARNING

#IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object class

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION
#METHODS: new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ), getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N , VALUE ), stat
#SEE ALSO
#AUTHOR
#COPYRIGHT

#IPC::SysV - SysV IPC constants

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION: ftok( PATH, ID )
#SEE ALSO
#AUTHORS
#COPYRIGHT

#IPC::SysV::Msg, IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION
#METHODS: new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [, FLAGS ] ), stat
#SEE ALSO
#AUTHOR
#COPYRIGHT

#IPC::SysV::Semaphore, IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object class

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION
#METHODS: new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ), getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N , VALUE ), stat
#SEE ALSO
#AUTHOR
#COPYRIGHT

#List::Util - A selection of general-utility list subroutines

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION: first BLOCK LIST, max LIST, maxstr LIST, min LIST, minstr LIST, reduce BLOCK LIST, shuffle LIST, sum LIST
#KNOWN BUGS
#SUGGESTED ADDITIONS
#COPYRIGHT

#List::Utilib::List::Util, List::Util - A selection of general-utility list subroutines

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION: first BLOCK LIST, max LIST, maxstr LIST, min LIST, minstr LIST, reduce BLOCK LIST, shuffle LIST, sum LIST
#KNOWN BUGS
#SUGGESTED ADDITIONS
#COPYRIGHT

#List::Utilib::Scalar::Util, Scalar::Util - A selection of general-utility scalar subroutines

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION: blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isvstring EXPR, isweak EXPR, looks_like_number EXPR, openhandle FH, refaddr EXPR, reftype EXPR, set_prototype CODEREF, PROTOTYPE, tainted EXPR, weaken REF
#KNOWN BUGS
#COPYRIGHT
#BLATANT PLUG

#Locale::Constants - constants for Locale codes

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION
#KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
#SEE ALSO: Locale::Language, Locale::Country, Locale::Script, Locale::Currency
#AUTHOR
#COPYRIGHT

#Locale::Country - ISO codes for country identification (ISO 3166)

#SYNOPSIS

#DESCRIPTION

alpha-2,alpha-3,numeric

#CONVERSION ROUTINES

code2country( CODE, [ CODESET ] ), country2code( STRING, [ CODESET ] ), country_code2code( CODE, CODESET, CODESET )

#QUERY ROUTINES

all_country_codes( [ CODESET ] ),all_country_names( [ CODESET ] )

#SEMI-PRIVATE ROUTINES

#alias_code
#rename_country

#EXAMPLES

#DOMAIN NAMES

#KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS

#SEE ALSO

Locale::Language, Locale::Script, Locale::Currency, Locale::SubCountry, ISO 3166-1, http://www.iso.org/iso/en/prods-services/iso3166ma/index.html, http://www.egt.ie/standards/iso3166/iso3166-1-en.html, http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/docs/app-d-1.html

#AUTHOR

#COPYRIGHT

#Locale::Currency - ISO three letter codes for currency identification (ISO 4217)

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION: XTS, XXX
#CONVERSION ROUTINES: code2currency(), currency2code()
#QUERY ROUTINES: all_currency_codes(),all_currency_names()
#EXAMPLES
#KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
#SEE ALSO: Locale::Country, Locale::Script, ISO 4217:1995, http://www.bsi-global.com/iso4217currency
#AUTHOR
#COPYRIGHT

#Locale::Language - ISO two letter codes for language identification (ISO 639)

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION
#CONVERSION ROUTINES: code2language(), language2code()
#QUERY ROUTINES: all_language_codes(),all_language_names()
#EXAMPLES
#KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
#SEE ALSO: Locale::Country, Locale::Script, Locale::Currency, ISO 639:1988 (E/F), http://lcweb.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/langhome.html
#AUTHOR
#COPYRIGHT

#Locale::Maketext - framework for localization

#SYNOPSIS

#DESCRIPTION

#QUICK OVERVIEW

#METHODS

#Construction Methods
#The "maketext" Method: $lh->fail_withor $lh->fail_with(PARAM), $lh->failure_handler_auto
#Utility Methods: $language->quant($number, $singular), $language->quant($number, $singular, $plural), $language->quant($number, $singular, $plural, $negative), $language->numf($number), $language->sprintf($format, @items), $language->language_tag(), $language->encoding()
#Language Handle Attributes and Internals

#LANGUAGE CLASS HIERARCHIES

#ENTRIES IN EACH LEXICON

#BRACKET NOTATION

#AUTO LEXICONS

#CONTROLLING LOOKUP FAILURE

#HOW TO USE MAKETEXT

#SEE ALSO

#COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER

#AUTHOR

#Locale::Maketext::TPJ13 -- article about software localization

#SYNOPSIS

#DESCRIPTION

#Localization and Perl: gettext breaks, Maketext fixes

#A Localization Horror Story: It Could Happen To You
#The Linguistic View
#Breaking gettext
#Replacing gettext
#Buzzwords: Abstraction and Encapsulation
#Buzzword: Isomorphism
#Buzzword: Inheritance
#Buzzword: Concision
#The Devil in the Details
#The Proof in the Pudding: Localizing Web Sites
#References

#Locale::Script - ISO codes for script identification (ISO 15924)

#SYNOPSIS

#DESCRIPTION

alpha-2,alpha-3,numeric

#SPECIAL CODES

#CONVERSION ROUTINES

code2script( CODE, [ CODESET ] ), script2code( STRING, [ CODESET ] ), script_code2code( CODE, CODESET, CODESET )

#QUERY ROUTINES

all_script_codes ( [ CODESET ] ),all_script_names ( [ CODESET ] )

#EXAMPLES

#KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS

#SEE ALSO

Locale::Language, Locale::Currency, Locale::Country, ISO 15924, http://www.evertype.com/standards/iso15924/

#AUTHOR

#COPYRIGHT

#MIME::Base64 - Encoding and decoding of base64 strings

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION: encode_base64($str), encode_base64($str, $eol);, decode_base64($str)
#DIAGNOSTICS: Premature end of base64 data, Premature padding of base64 data
#EXAMPLES
#COPYRIGHT
#SEE ALSO

#MIME::Base64::QuotedPrint, MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding of quoted-printable strings

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION: encode_qp($str), encode_qp($str, $eol), decode_qp($str);
#COPYRIGHT
#SEE ALSO

#MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding of quoted-printable strings

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION: encode_qp($str), encode_qp($str, $eol), decode_qp($str);
#COPYRIGHT
#SEE ALSO

#Math::BigFloat - Arbitrary size floating point math package

#SYNOPSIS

#DESCRIPTION

#Canonical notation
#Output
#mantissa(),exponent() andparts()
#Accuracy vs. Precision
#Rounding: ffround ( +$scale ), ffround ( -$scale ), ffround ( 0 ), fround ( +$scale ), fround ( -$scale ) and fround ( 0 )

#EXAMPLES

# not ready yet

#Autocreating constants

#Math library
#Using Math::BigInt::Lite

#BUGS

#CAVEATS

stringify, bstr(), bdiv, Modifying and =, bpow

#SEE ALSO

#LICENSE

#AUTHORS

#Math::BigInt - Arbitrary size integer math package

#SYNOPSIS

#DESCRIPTION

Input, Output

#METHODS

#config

#accuracy

#precision

#brsft

#new

#bnan

#bzero

#binf

#bone

#is_one()/is_zero()/is_nan()/is_inf()

#is_pos()/is_neg()

$x->is_pos();# true if >= 0$x->is_neg();# true if <  0

#is_odd()/is_even()/is_int()

#bcmp

#bacmp

#sign

#digit

#bneg

#babs

#bnorm

#bnot

#binc

#bdec

#badd

#bsub

#bmul

#bdiv

#bmod

#bmodinv

#bmodpow

#bpow

#blsft

#brsft

#band

#bior

#bxor

#bnot

#bsqrt

#bfac

#round

#bround

#bfround

#bfloor

#bceil

#bgcd

#blcm

#exponent

#mantissa

#parts

#copy

#as_int

#bsstr

#as_hex

#as_bin

#ACCURACY and PRECISION

#Precision P
#Accuracy A
#Fallback F
#Rounding mode R: 'trunc', 'even', 'odd', '+inf', '-inf', 'zero', Precision, Accuracy (significant digits), Setting/Accessing, Creating numbers, Usage, Precedence, Overriding globals, Local settings, Rounding, Default values, Remarks

#INTERNALS

#MATH LIBRARY
#SIGN
#mantissa(), exponent() and parts()

#EXAMPLES

use Math::BigInt;

#Autocreating constants

#PERFORMANCE

#Alternative math libraries
#SUBCLASSING

#Subclassing Math::BigInt

#UPGRADING

#Auto-upgrade: bsqrt(), div(), blog()

#BUGS

broot() does not work, Out of Memory!, Fails to load Calc on Perl prior 5.6.0

#CAVEATS

bstr(), bsstr() and 'cmp', int(), length, bdiv, infinity handling, Modifying and =, bpow, Overloading -$x, Mixing different object types, bsqrt(), brsft()

#LICENSE

#SEE ALSO

#AUTHORS

#Math::BigInt::Calc - Pure Perl module to support Math::BigInt

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION
#STORAGE
#METHODS
#WRAP YOUR OWN
#LICENSE: This program is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.
#AUTHORS
#SEE ALSO

#Math::BigInt::CalcEmu - Emulate low-level math with BigInt code

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION
#METHODS
#LICENSE: This program is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.
#AUTHORS
#SEE ALSO

#Math::BigRat - arbitrarily big rationals

#SYNOPSIS

#DESCRIPTION

#MATH LIBRARY

#METHODS

#new()

#numerator()

#denominator()

$d = $x->denominator();

#parts()

#as_number()

#bfac()

#blog()

#bround()/round()/bfround()

#bmod()

#is_one()

#is_zero()

#is_positive()

#is_negative()

#is_int()

#is_odd()

#is_even()

#bceil()

#bfloor()

$x->bfloor();

#config

#BUGS

inf handling (partial), NaN handling (partial), rounding (not implemented except for bceil/bfloor), $x ** $y where $y is not an integer

#LICENSE

#SEE ALSO

#AUTHORS

#Math::Complex - complex numbers and associated mathematical functions

#SYNOPSIS

#DESCRIPTION

#OPERATIONS

#CREATION

#STRINGIFICATION

#CHANGED IN PERL 5.6

#USAGE

#ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO OR LOGARITHM OF ZERO

#ERRORS DUE TO INDIGESTIBLE ARGUMENTS

#BUGS

#AUTHORS

#Math::Trig - trigonometric functions

#SYNOPSIS

#DESCRIPTION

#TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

tan

#ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO
#SIMPLE (REAL) ARGUMENTS, COMPLEX RESULTS

#PLANE ANGLE CONVERSIONS

#RADIAL COORDINATE CONVERSIONS

#COORDINATE SYSTEMS
#3-D ANGLE CONVERSIONS: cartesian_to_cylindrical, cartesian_to_spherical, cylindrical_to_cartesian, cylindrical_to_spherical, spherical_to_cartesian, spherical_to_cylindrical

#GREAT CIRCLE DISTANCES AND DIRECTIONS

#EXAMPLES

#CAVEAT FOR GREAT CIRCLE FORMULAS

#BUGS

#AUTHORS

#Memoize - Make functions faster by trading space for time

#SYNOPSIS

#DESCRIPTION

#DETAILS

#OPTIONS

#INSTALL
#NORMALIZER
#SCALAR_CACHE,LIST_CACHE: MEMORY,HASH,TIE,FAULT,MERGE

#OTHER FACILITIES

#unmemoize
#flush_cache

#CAVEATS

#PERSISTENT CACHE SUPPORT

#EXPIRATION SUPPORT

#BUGS

#MAILING LIST

#AUTHOR

#COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE

#THANK YOU

#Memoize::AnyDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for AnyDBM_File for Storable use

#DESCRIPTION

#Memoize::Expire - Plug-in module for automatic expiration of memoized values

#SYNOPSIS

#DESCRIPTION

#INTERFACE

TIEHASH,  EXISTS,  STORE

#ALTERNATIVES

#CAVEATS

#AUTHOR

#SEE ALSO

#Memoize::ExpireFile - test for Memoize expiration semantics

#DESCRIPTION

#Memoize::ExpireTest - test for Memoize expiration semantics

#DESCRIPTION

#Memoize::NDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for NDBM_File for Storable use

#DESCRIPTION

#Memoize::SDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for SDBM_File for Storable use

#DESCRIPTION

#Memoize::Storable - store Memoized data in Storable database

#DESCRIPTION

#NDBM_File - Tied access to ndbm files

#SYNOPSIS

#DESCRIPTION

O_RDONLY,O_WRONLY,O_RDWR

#DIAGNOSTICS

#ndbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...

#BUGS AND WARNINGS

#NEXT - Provide a pseudo-class NEXT (et al) that allows method redispatch

#SYNOPSIS

#DESCRIPTION

#Enforcing redispatch
#Avoiding repetitions
#Invoking all versions of a method with a single call
#UsingEVERY methods

#AUTHOR

#BUGS AND IRRITATIONS

#COPYRIGHT

#Net::Cmd - Network Command class (as used by FTP, SMTP etc)

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION
#USER METHODS: debug ( VALUE ), message (), code (), ok (), status (), datasend ( DATA ), dataend ()
#CLASS METHODS: debug_print ( DIR, TEXT ), debug_text ( TEXT ), command ( CMD [, ARGS, ... ]), unsupported (), response (), parse_response ( TEXT ), getline (), ungetline ( TEXT ), rawdatasend ( DATA ), read_until_dot (), tied_fh ()
#EXPORTS
#AUTHOR
#COPYRIGHT

#Net::Config - Local configuration data for libnet

#SYNOPSYS
#DESCRIPTION
#METHODS: requires_firewall HOST
#NetConfig VALUES: nntp_hosts, snpp_hosts, pop3_hosts, smtp_hosts, ph_hosts, daytime_hosts, time_hosts, inet_domain, ftp_firewall, ftp_firewall_type, ftp_ext_passive, ftp_int_pasive, local_netmask, test_hosts, test_exists

#Net::Domain - Attempt to evaluate the current host's internet name and domain

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION: hostfqdn (), hostname (), hostdomain ()
#AUTHOR
#COPYRIGHT

#Net::FTP - FTP Client class

#SYNOPSIS

#DESCRIPTION

#OVERVIEW

#CONSTRUCTOR

new (HOST [,OPTIONS])

#METHODS

login ([LOGIN [,PASSWORD [, ACCOUNT] ] ]), authorize ( [AUTH [, RESP]]), site (ARGS), ascii, binary, rename ( OLDNAME, NEWNAME ), delete ( FILENAME ), cwd ( [ DIR ] ), cdup (), pwd (), restart ( WHERE ), rmdir ( DIR [, RECURSE ]), mkdir ( DIR [, RECURSE ]), ls ( [ DIR ] ), alloc ( SIZE [, RECORD_SIZE] ), dir ( [ DIR ] ), get ( REMOTE_FILE [, LOCAL_FILE [, WHERE]] ), put ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ] ), put_unique ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ] ), append ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ] ), unique_name (), mdtm ( FILE ), size ( FILE ), supported ( CMD ), hash ( [FILEHANDLE_GLOB_REF],[ BYTES_PER_HASH_MARK] ), nlst ( [ DIR ] ), list ( [ DIR ] ), retr ( FILE ), stor ( FILE ), stou ( FILE ), appe ( FILE ), port ( [ PORT ] ), pasv (), pasv_xfer ( SRC_FILE, DEST_SERVER [, DEST_FILE ] ), pasv_xfer_unique ( SRC_FILE, DEST_SERVER [, DEST_FILE ] ), pasv_wait ( NON_PASV_SERVER ), abort (), quit ()

#Methods for the adventurous: quot (CMD [,ARGS])

#THE dataconn CLASS

read ( BUFFER, SIZE [, TIMEOUT ] ), write ( BUFFER, SIZE [, TIMEOUT ] ), bytes_read (), abort (), close ()

#UNIMPLEMENTED

SMNT,HELP,MODE,SYST,STAT,STRU,REIN

#REPORTING BUGS

#AUTHOR

#SEE ALSO

#USE EXAMPLES

http://www.csh.rit.edu/~adam/Progs/

#CREDITS

#COPYRIGHT

#Net::NNTP - NNTP Client class

#SYNOPSIS

#DESCRIPTION

#CONSTRUCTOR

new ( [ HOST ] [, OPTIONS ])

#METHODS

article ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), body ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), head ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), articlefh ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), bodyfh ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), headfh ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), nntpstat ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), group ( [ GROUP ] ), ihave ( MSGID [, MESSAGE ]), last (), date (), postok (), authinfo ( USER, PASS ), list (), newgroups ( SINCE [, DISTRIBUTIONS ]), newnews ( SINCE [, GROUPS [, DISTRIBUTIONS ]]), next (), post ( [ MESSAGE ] ), postfh (), slave (), quit ()

#Extension methods: newsgroups ( [ PATTERN ] ), distributions (), subscriptions (), overview_fmt (), active_times (), active ( [ PATTERN ] ), xgtitle ( PATTERN ), xhdr ( HEADER, MESSAGE-SPEC ), xover ( MESSAGE-SPEC ), xpath ( MESSAGE-ID ), xpat ( HEADER, PATTERN, MESSAGE-SPEC), xrover, listgroup ( [ GROUP ] ), reader

#UNSUPPORTED

#DEFINITIONS

MESSAGE-SPEC, PATTERN, Examples,[^]-],*bdc,[0-9a-zA-Z],a??d

#SEE ALSO

#AUTHOR

#COPYRIGHT

#Net::POP3 - Post Office Protocol 3 Client class (RFC1939)

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION
#CONSTRUCTOR: new ( [ HOST, ] [ OPTIONS ] )
#METHODS: user ( USER ), pass ( PASS ), login ( [ USER [, PASS ]] ), apop ( [ USER [, PASS ]] ), top ( MSGNUM [, NUMLINES ] ), list ( [ MSGNUM ] ), get ( MSGNUM [, FH ] ), getfh ( MSGNUM ), last (), popstat (), ping ( USER ), uidl ( [ MSGNUM ] ), delete ( MSGNUM ), reset (), quit ()
#NOTES
#SEE ALSO
#AUTHOR
#COPYRIGHT

#Net::Ping - check a remote host for reachability

#SYNOPSIS

#DESCRIPTION

#Functions: Net::Ping->new([$proto [, $def_timeout [, $bytes [, $device [, $tos ]]]]]);, $p->ping($host [, $timeout]);, $p->source_verify( { 0 | 1 } );, $p->service_check( { 0 | 1 } );, $p->tcp_service_check( { 0 | 1 } );, $p->hires( { 0 | 1 } );, $p->bind($local_addr);, $p->open($host);, $p->ack( [ $host ] );, $p->nack( $failed_ack_host );, $p->close();, pingecho($host [, $timeout]);

#NOTES

#INSTALL

#BUGS

#AUTHORS

#COPYRIGHT

#Net::SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Client

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION
#EXAMPLES
#CONSTRUCTOR: new Net::SMTP [ HOST, ] [ OPTIONS ]
#METHODS: banner (), domain (), hello ( DOMAIN ), etrn ( DOMAIN ), auth ( USERNAME, PASSWORD ), mail ( ADDRESS [, OPTIONS] ), send ( ADDRESS ), send_or_mail ( ADDRESS ), send_and_mail ( ADDRESS ), reset (), recipient ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [ ...]] [, OPTIONS ] ), to ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), cc ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), bcc ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), data ( [ DATA ] ), expand ( ADDRESS ), verify ( ADDRESS ), help ( [ $subject ] ), quit ()
#ADDRESSES
#SEE ALSO
#AUTHOR
#COPYRIGHT

#Net::Time - time and daytime network client interface

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION: inet_time ( [HOST [, PROTOCOL [, TIMEOUT]]]), inet_daytime ( [HOST [, PROTOCOL [, TIMEOUT]]])
#AUTHOR
#COPYRIGHT

#Net::hostent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*() functions

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION
#EXAMPLES
#NOTE
#AUTHOR

#Net::libnetFAQ, libnetFAQ - libnet Frequently Asked Questions

#DESCRIPTION

#Where to get this document
#How to contribute to this document

#Author and Copyright Information

#Disclaimer

#Obtaining and installing libnet

#What is libnet ?
#Which version of perl do I need ?
#What other modules do I need ?
#What machines support libnet ?
#Where can I get the latest libnet release

#Using Net::FTP

#How do I download files from an FTP server ?
#How do I transfer files in binary mode ?
#How can I get the size of a file on a remote FTP server ?
#How can I get the modification time of a file on a remote FTP server ?
#How can I change the permissions of a file on a remote server ?
#Can I do a reget operation like the ftp command ?
#How do I get a directory listing from an FTP server ?
#Changing directory to "" does not fail ?
#I am behind a SOCKS firewall, but the Firewall option does not work ?
#I am behind an FTP proxy firewall, but cannot access machines outside ?
#My ftp proxy firewall does not listen on port 21
#Is it possible to change the file permissions of a file on an FTP server ?
#I have seen scripts call a method message, but cannot find it documented ?
#Why does Net::FTP not implement mput and mget methods

#Using Net::SMTP

#Why can't the part of an Email address after the @ be used as the hostname ?
#Why does Net::SMTP not do DNS MX lookups ?
#The verify method always returns true ?

#Debugging scripts

#How can I debug my scripts that use Net::* modules ?

#AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

#Net::netent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*() functions

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION
#EXAMPLES
#NOTE
#AUTHOR

#Net::protoent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*() functions

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION
#NOTE
#AUTHOR

#Net::servent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*() functions

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION
#EXAMPLES
#NOTE
#AUTHOR

#Netrc, Net::Netrc - OO interface to users netrc file

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION
#THE .netrc FILE: machine name, default, login name, password string, account string, macdef name
#CONSTRUCTOR: lookup ( MACHINE [, LOGIN ])
#METHODS: login (), password (), account (), lpa ()
#AUTHOR
#SEE ALSO
#COPYRIGHT

#O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION
#CONVENTIONS
#IMPLEMENTATION
#BUGS
#AUTHOR

#ODBM_File - Tied access to odbm files

#SYNOPSIS

#DESCRIPTION

O_RDONLY,O_WRONLY,O_RDWR

#DIAGNOSTICS

#odbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...

#BUGS AND WARNINGS

#Opcode - Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION
#NOTE
#WARNING
#Operator Names and Operator Lists: an operator name (opname), an operator tag name (optag), a negated opname or optag, an operator set (opset)
#Opcode Functions: opcodes, opset (OP, ...), opset_to_ops (OPSET), opset_to_hex (OPSET), full_opset, empty_opset, invert_opset (OPSET), verify_opset (OPSET, ...), define_optag (OPTAG, OPSET), opmask_add (OPSET), opmask, opdesc (OP, ...), opdump (PAT)
#Manipulating Opsets
#TO DO (maybe)

#Predefined Opcode Tags: :base_core, :base_mem, :base_loop, :base_io, :base_orig, :base_math, :base_thread, :default, :filesys_read, :sys_db, :browse, :filesys_open, :filesys_write, :subprocess, :ownprocess, :others, :still_to_be_decided, :dangerous
#SEE ALSO
#AUTHORS

#Opcode::Safe, Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted compartments

#SYNOPSIS

#DESCRIPTION

a new namespace, an operator mask

#WARNING

#RECENT CHANGES
#Methods in class Safe: permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP, ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME), root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
#Some Safety Issues: Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
#AUTHOR

#Opcode::ops, ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when compiling

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION
#SEE ALSO

#POSIX - Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1

#SYNOPSIS

#DESCRIPTION

#NOTE

#CAVEATS

#FUNCTIONS

_exit, abort, abs, access, acos, alarm, asctime, asin, assert, atan, atan2, atexit, atof, atoi, atol, bsearch, calloc, ceil, chdir, chmod, chown, clearerr, clock, close, closedir, cos, cosh, creat, ctermid, ctime, cuserid, difftime, div, dup, dup2, errno, execl, execle, execlp, execv, execve, execvp, exit, exp, fabs, fclose, fcntl, fdopen, feof, ferror, fflush, fgetc, fgetpos, fgets, fileno, floor, fmod, fopen, fork, fpathconf, fprintf, fputc, fputs, fread, free, freopen, frexp, fscanf, fseek, fsetpos, fstat, fsync, ftell, fwrite, getc, getchar, getcwd, getegid, getenv, geteuid, getgid, getgrgid, getgrnam, getgroups, getlogin, getpgrp, getpid, getppid, getpwnam, getpwuid, gets, getuid, gmtime, isalnum, isalpha, isatty, iscntrl, isdigit, isgraph, islower, isprint, ispunct, isspace, isupper, isxdigit, kill, labs, ldexp, ldiv, link, localeconv, localtime, log, log10, longjmp, lseek, malloc, mblen, mbstowcs, mbtowc, memchr, memcmp, memcpy, memmove, memset, mkdir, mkfifo, mktime, modf, nice, offsetof, open, opendir, pathconf, pause, perror, pipe, pow, printf, putc, putchar, puts, qsort, raise, rand, read, readdir, realloc, remove, rename, rewind, rewinddir, rmdir, scanf, setgid, setjmp, setlocale, setpgid, setsid, setuid, sigaction, siglongjmp, sigpending, sigprocmask, sigsetjmp, sigsuspend, sin, sinh, sleep, sprintf, sqrt, srand, sscanf, stat, strcat, strchr, strcmp, strcoll, strcpy, strcspn, strerror, strftime, strlen, strncat, strncmp, strncpy, strpbrk, strrchr, strspn, strstr, strtod, strtok, strtol, strtoul, strxfrm, sysconf, system, tan, tanh, tcdrain, tcflow, tcflush, tcgetpgrp, tcsendbreak, tcsetpgrp, time, times, tmpfile, tmpnam, tolower, toupper, ttyname, tzname, tzset, umask, uname, ungetc, unlink, utime, vfprintf, vprintf, vsprintf, wait, waitpid, wcstombs, wctomb, write

#CLASSES

#POSIX::SigAction: new, handler, mask, flags, safe
#POSIX::SigSet: new, addset, delset, emptyset, fillset, ismember
#POSIX::Termios: new, getattr, getcc, getcflag, getiflag, getispeed, getlflag, getoflag, getospeed, setattr, setcc, setcflag, setiflag, setispeed, setlflag, setoflag, setospeed, Baud rate values, Terminal interface values, c_cc field values, c_cflag field values, c_iflag field values, c_lflag field values, c_oflag field values

#PATHNAME CONSTANTS

Constants

#POSIX CONSTANTS

Constants

#SYSTEM CONFIGURATION

Constants

#ERRNO

Constants

#FCNTL

Constants

#FLOAT

Constants

#LIMITS

Constants

#LOCALE

Constants

#MATH

Constants

#SIGNAL

Constants

#STAT

Constants, Macros

#STDLIB

Constants

#STDIO

Constants

#TIME

Constants

#UNISTD

Constants

#WAIT

Constants, WNOHANG, WUNTRACED, Macros, WIFEXITED, WEXITSTATUS, WIFSIGNALED, WTERMSIG, WIFSTOPPED, WSTOPSIG

#PerlIO - On demand loader for PerlIO layers and root of PerlIO::* name space

#SYNOPSIS

#DESCRIPTION

:unix, :stdio, :perlio, :crlf, :mmap, :utf8, :bytes, :raw, :pop, :win32

#Custom Layers: :encoding, :via
#Alternatives to raw
#Defaults and how to override them
#Querying the layers of filehandles

#AUTHOR

#SEE ALSO

#PerlIO::encoding - encoding layer

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION
#SEE ALSO

#PerlIO::scalar - in-memory IO, scalar IO

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION
#IMPLEMENTATION NOTE

#PerlIO::via - Helper class for PerlIO layers implemented in perl

#SYNOPSIS

#DESCRIPTION

#EXPECTED METHODS

$class->PUSHED([$mode[,$fh]]), $obj->POPPED([$fh]), $obj->UTF8($bellowFlag,[$fh]), $obj->OPEN($path,$mode[,$fh]), $obj->BINMODE([,$fh]), $obj->FDOPEN($fd[,$fh]), $obj->SYSOPEN($path,$imode,$perm,[,$fh]), $obj->FILENO($fh), $obj->READ($buffer,$len,$fh), $obj->WRITE($buffer,$fh), $obj->FILL($fh), $obj->CLOSE($fh), $obj->SEEK($posn,$whence,$fh), $obj->TELL($fh), $obj->UNREAD($buffer,$fh), $obj->FLUSH($fh), $obj->SETLINEBUF($fh), $obj->CLEARERR($fh), $obj->ERROR($fh), $obj->EOF($fh)

#EXAMPLES

#Example - a Hexadecimal Handle

#PerlIO::via::QuotedPrint - PerlIO layer for quoted-printable strings

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION
#REQUIRED MODULES
#SEE ALSO
#ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
#COPYRIGHT

#Pod::Checker, podchecker() - check pod documents for syntax errors

#SYNOPSIS

#OPTIONS/ARGUMENTS

#podchecker(): -warnings =>val

#DESCRIPTION

#DIAGNOSTICS

#Errors: empty =headn, =over on lineN without closing =back, =item without previous =over, =back without previous =over, No argument for =begin, =end without =begin, Nested =begin's, =for without formatter specification, unresolved internal linkNAME, Unknown command "CMD", Unknown interior-sequence "SEQ", nested commandsCMD<...CMD<...>...>, garbled entitySTRING, Entity number out of range, malformed link L<>, nonempty Z<>, empty X<>, Spurious text after =pod / =cut, Spurious character(s) after =back
#Warnings: multiple occurrence of link targetname, line containing nothing but whitespace in paragraph, file does not start with =head, previous =item has no contents, preceding non-item paragraph(s), =item type mismatch (one vs.two),N unescaped<> in paragraph, Unknown entity, No items in =over, No argument for =item, empty section in previous paragraph, Verbatim paragraph in NAME section, =headn without preceding higher level
#Hyperlinks: ignoring leading/trailing whitespace in link, (section) in '$page' deprecated, alternative text/node '%s' contains non-escaped | or /

#RETURN VALUE

#EXAMPLES

#INTERFACE

Pod::Checker->new( %options )

$checker->poderror( @args ),$checker->poderror( {%opts}, @args )

$checker->num_errors()

$checker->num_warnings()

$checker->name()

$checker->node()

$checker->idx()

$checker->hyperlink()

#AUTHOR

#Pod::Find - find POD documents in directory trees

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION

#pod_find( { %opts } , @directories ): -verbose => 1,-perl => 1,-script => 1,-inc => 1

#simplify_name( $str )

#pod_where( { %opts }, $pod ): -inc => 1,-dirs => [ $dir1, $dir2, ... ],-verbose => 1

#contains_pod( $file , $verbose )

#AUTHOR
#SEE ALSO

#Pod::Html - module to convert pod files to HTML

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION
#ARGUMENTS: backlink, cachedir, css, flush, header, help, hiddendirs, htmldir, htmlroot, index, infile, libpods, netscape, outfile, podpath, podroot, quiet, recurse, title, verbose
#EXAMPLE
#ENVIRONMENT
#AUTHOR
#SEE ALSO
#COPYRIGHT

#Pod::InputObjects - objects representing POD input paragraphs, commands, etc.

#SYNOPSIS
#REQUIRES
#EXPORTS
#DESCRIPTION: packagePod::InputSource, packagePod::Paragraph, packagePod::InteriorSequence, packagePod::ParseTree

#Pod::InputSource

#new()

#name()

#handle()

#was_cutting()

#Pod::Paragraph

#Pod::Paragraph->new()

#$pod_para->cmd_name()

#$pod_para->text()

#$pod_para->raw_text()

#$pod_para->cmd_prefix()

#$pod_para->cmd_separator()

#$pod_para->parse_tree()

#$pod_para->file_line()

#Pod::InteriorSequence

#Pod::InteriorSequence->new()

#$pod_seq->cmd_name()

#$pod_seq->prepend()

#$pod_seq->append()

#$pod_seq->nested()

#$pod_seq->raw_text()

#$pod_seq->left_delimiter()

#$pod_seq->right_delimiter()

#$pod_seq->parse_tree()

#$pod_seq->file_line()

#Pod::InteriorSequence::DESTROY()

#Pod::ParseTree

#Pod::ParseTree->new()

#$ptree->top()

#$ptree->children()

#$ptree->prepend()

#$ptree->append()

#$ptree->raw_text()

#Pod::ParseTree::DESTROY()

#SEE ALSO
#AUTHOR

#Pod::LaTeX - Convert Pod data to formatted Latex

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION

#OBJECT METHODS: initialize

#Data Accessors: AddPreamble

AddPostamble

Head1Level

Label

LevelNoNum

MakeIndex

ReplaceNAMEwithSection

StartWithNewPage

TableOfContents

UniqueLabels

UserPreamble

UserPostamble

Lists

#Subclassed methods

begin_pod

end_pod

command

verbatim

textblock

interior_sequence

#List Methods: begin_list

end_list

add_item

#Methods for headings: head

#Internal methods: _output

_replace_special_chars

_replace_special_chars_late

_create_label

_create_index

_clean_latex_commands

_split_delimited

#NOTES
#SEE ALSO
#AUTHORS
#COPYRIGHT
#REVISION

#Pod::Man - Convert POD data to formatted *roff input

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION: center, date, fixed, fixedbold, fixeditalic, fixedbolditalic, name, quotes, release, section
#DIAGNOSTICS: roff font should be 1 or 2 chars, not "%s", Invalid link %s, Invalid quote specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph "%s", %s:%d: Unknown escape E<%s>, %s:%d: Unknown formatting code %s, %s:%d: Unmatched =back
#BUGS
#CAVEATS
#SEE ALSO
#AUTHOR
#COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE

#Pod::ParseLink - Parse an L<> formatting code in POD text

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION
#SEE ALSO
#AUTHOR
#COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE

#Pod::ParseUtils - helpers for POD parsing and conversion

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION

#Pod::List: Pod::List->new()

$list->file()

$list->start()

$list->indent()

$list->type()

$list->rx()

$list->item()

$list->parent()

$list->tag()

#Pod::Hyperlink: Pod::Hyperlink->new()

$link->parse($string)

$link->markup($string)

$link->text()

$link->warning()

$link->file(), $link->line()

$link->page()

$link->node()

$link->alttext()

$link->type()

$link->link()

#Pod::Cache: Pod::Cache->new()

$cache->item()

$cache->find_page($name)

#Pod::Cache::Item: Pod::Cache::Item->new()

$cacheitem->page()

$cacheitem->description()

$cacheitem->path()

$cacheitem->file()

$cacheitem->nodes()

$cacheitem->find_node($name)

$cacheitem->idx()

#AUTHOR
#SEE ALSO

#Pod::Parser - base class for creating POD filters and translators

#SYNOPSIS
#REQUIRES
#EXPORTS
#DESCRIPTION
#QUICK OVERVIEW
#PARSING OPTIONS: -want_nonPODs (default: unset),-process_cut_cmd (default: unset),-warnings (default: unset)

#RECOMMENDED SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES

#command(): $cmd,$text,$line_num,$pod_para

#verbatim(): $text,$line_num,$pod_para

#textblock(): $text,$line_num,$pod_para

#interior_sequence()

#OPTIONAL SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES

#new()

#initialize()

#begin_pod()

#begin_input()

#end_input()

#end_pod()

#preprocess_line()

#preprocess_paragraph()

#METHODS FOR PARSING AND PROCESSING

#parse_text(): -expand_seq =>code-ref|method-name,-expand_text =>code-ref|method-name,-expand_ptree =>code-ref|method-name

#interpolate()

#parse_paragraph()

#parse_from_filehandle()

#parse_from_file()

#ACCESSOR METHODS

#errorsub()

#cutting()

#parseopts()

#output_file()

#output_handle()

#input_file()

#input_handle()

#input_streams()

#top_stream()

#PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA

#_push_input_stream()

#_pop_input_stream()

#TREE-BASED PARSING
#SEE ALSO
#AUTHOR

#Pod::Perldoc::ToChecker - let Perldoc check Pod for errors

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION
#SEE ALSO
#COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
#AUTHOR

#Pod::Perldoc::ToMan - let Perldoc render Pod as man pages

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION
#CAVEAT
#SEE ALSO
#COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
#AUTHOR

#Pod::Perldoc::ToNroff - let Perldoc convert Pod to nroff

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION
#CAVEAT
#SEE ALSO
#COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
#AUTHOR

#Pod::Perldoc::ToPod - let Perldoc render Pod as ... Pod!

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION
#SEE ALSO
#COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
#AUTHOR

#Pod::Perldoc::ToRtf - let Perldoc render Pod as RTF

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION
#SEE ALSO
#COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
#AUTHOR

#Pod::Perldoc::ToText - let Perldoc render Pod as plaintext

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION
#CAVEAT
#SEE ALSO
#COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
#AUTHOR

#Pod::Perldoc::ToTk - let Perldoc use Tk::Pod to render Pod

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION
#SEE ALSO
#AUTHOR

#Pod::Perldoc::ToXml - let Perldoc render Pod as XML

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION
#SEE ALSO
#COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
#AUTHOR

#Pod::PlainText - Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION: alt, indent, loose, sentence, width
#DIAGNOSTICS: Bizarre space in item, Can't open %s for reading: %s, Unknown escape: %s, Unknown sequence: %s, Unmatched =back
#RESTRICTIONS
#NOTES
#SEE ALSO
#AUTHOR

#Pod::Plainer - Perl extension for converting Pod to old style Pod.

#SYNOPSIS

#DESCRIPTION

#EXPORT

#AUTHOR

#SEE ALSO

#Pod::Select, podselect() - extract selected sections of POD from input

#SYNOPSIS
#REQUIRES
#EXPORTS
#DESCRIPTION
#SECTION SPECIFICATIONS
#RANGE SPECIFICATIONS

#OBJECT METHODS

#curr_headings()

#select()

#add_selection()

#clear_selections()

#match_section()

#is_selected()

#EXPORTED FUNCTIONS

#podselect(): -output,-sections,-ranges

#PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA

#_compile_section_spec()

#$self->{_SECTION_HEADINGS}

#$self->{_SELECTED_SECTIONS}

#SEE ALSO
#AUTHOR

#Pod::Text - Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION: alt, code, indent, loose, margin, quotes, sentence, width
#DIAGNOSTICS: Bizarre space in item, Item called without tag, Can't open %s for reading: %s, Invalid quote specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph: %s, %s:%d: Unknown escape: %s, %s:%d: Unknown formatting code: %s, %s:%d: Unmatched =back
#RESTRICTIONS
#NOTES
#SEE ALSO
#AUTHOR
#COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE

#Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to formatted color ASCII text

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION
#BUGS
#SEE ALSO
#AUTHOR
#COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE

#Pod::Text::Overstrike - Convert POD data to formatted overstrike text

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION
#BUGS
#SEE ALSO
#AUTHOR
#COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE

#Pod::Text::Termcap - Convert POD data to ASCII text with format escapes

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION
#NOTES
#SEE ALSO
#AUTHOR
#COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE

#Pod::Usage, pod2usage() - print a usage message from embedded pod documentation

#SYNOPSIS

#ARGUMENTS

-message,-msg,-exitval,-verbose,-output,-input,-pathlist

#DESCRIPTION

#EXAMPLES

#Recommended Use

#CAVEATS

#AUTHOR

#ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

#SDBM_File - Tied access to sdbm files

#SYNOPSIS

#DESCRIPTION

O_RDONLY,O_WRONLY,O_RDWR

#DIAGNOSTICS

#sdbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...

#BUGS AND WARNINGS

#Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted compartments

#SYNOPSIS

#DESCRIPTION

a new namespace, an operator mask

#WARNING

#RECENT CHANGES
#Methods in class Safe: permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP, ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME), root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
#Some Safety Issues: Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
#AUTHOR

#Scalar::Util - A selection of general-utility scalar subroutines

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION: blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isvstring EXPR, isweak EXPR, looks_like_number EXPR, openhandle FH, refaddr EXPR, reftype EXPR, set_prototype CODEREF, PROTOTYPE, tainted EXPR, weaken REF
#KNOWN BUGS
#COPYRIGHT
#BLATANT PLUG

#Search::Dict, look - search for key in dictionary file

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION

#SelectSaver - save and restore selected file handle

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION

#SelfLoader - load functions only on demand

#SYNOPSIS

#DESCRIPTION

#The __DATA__ token
#SelfLoader autoloading
#Autoloading and package lexicals
#SelfLoader and AutoLoader
#__DATA__, __END__, and the FOOBAR::DATA filehandle.
#Classes and inherited methods.

#Multiple packages and fully qualified subroutine names

#Shell - run shell commands transparently within perl

#SYNOPSIS

#DESCRIPTION

#OBJECT ORIENTED SYNTAX

#AUTHOR

#Socket, sockaddr_in, sockaddr_un, inet_aton, inet_ntoa - load the C socket.h defines and structure manipulators

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION: inet_aton HOSTNAME, inet_ntoa IP_ADDRESS, INADDR_ANY, INADDR_BROADCAST, INADDR_LOOPBACK, INADDR_NONE, sockaddr_family SOCKADDR, sockaddr_in PORT, ADDRESS, sockaddr_in SOCKADDR_IN, pack_sockaddr_in PORT, IP_ADDRESS, unpack_sockaddr_in SOCKADDR_IN, sockaddr_un PATHNAME, sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN, pack_sockaddr_un PATH, unpack_sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN

#Storable - persistence for Perl data structures

#SYNOPSIS

#DESCRIPTION

#MEMORY STORE

#ADVISORY LOCKING

#SPEED

#CANONICAL REPRESENTATION

#CODE REFERENCES

#FORWARD COMPATIBILITY

utf8 data, restricted hashes, files from future versions of Storable

#ERROR REPORTING

#WIZARDS ONLY

#Hooks: STORABLE_freezeobj,cloning,STORABLE_thawobj,cloning,serialized, ..
#Predicates: Storable::last_op_in_netorder,Storable::is_storing,Storable::is_retrieving
#Recursion
#Deep Cloning

#Storable magic

#EXAMPLES

#WARNING

#BUGS

#64 bit data in perl 5.6.0 and 5.6.1

#CREDITS

#AUTHOR

#SEE ALSO

#Switch - A switch statement for Perl

#VERSION

#SYNOPSIS

#BACKGROUND

#DESCRIPTION

#Allowing fall-through
#Automating fall-through
#Alternative syntax
#Higher-order Operations

#DEPENDENCIES

#AUTHOR

#BUGS

#LIMITATION

#COPYRIGHT

#Symbol - manipulate Perl symbols and their names

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION
#BUGS

#Sys::Hostname - Try every conceivable way to get hostname

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION
#AUTHOR

#Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog - Perl interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION: openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args, setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type [$stream_location] (added in 5.004_02), closelog
#EXAMPLES
#SEE ALSO
#AUTHOR

#Syslog::Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog - Perl interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION: openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args, setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type [$stream_location] (added in 5.004_02), closelog
#EXAMPLES
#SEE ALSO
#AUTHOR

#Term::ANSIColor - Color screen output using ANSI escape sequences

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION
#DIAGNOSTICS: Bad escape sequence %s, Bareword "%s" not allowed while "strict subs" in use, Invalid attribute name %s, Name "%s" used only once: possible typo, No comma allowed after filehandle, No name for escape sequence %s
#ENVIRONMENT: ANSI_COLORS_DISABLED
#RESTRICTIONS
#NOTES
#SEE ALSO
#AUTHORS
#COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE

#Term::Cap - Perl termcap interface

#SYNOPSIS

#DESCRIPTION

#METHODS

Tgetent, OSPEED, TERM

Tpad,$string,$cnt,$FH

Tputs,$cap,$cnt,$FH

Tgoto,$cap,$col,$row,$FH

Trequire

#EXAMPLES
#COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
#AUTHOR
#SEE ALSO

#Term::Complete - Perl word completion module

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION: <tab>, ^D, ^U, <del>, <bs>
#DIAGNOSTICS
#BUGS
#AUTHOR

#Term::ReadLine - Perl interface to various`readline` packages. If no real package is found, substitutes stubs instead of basic functions.

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION
#Minimal set of supported functions: ReadLine,new,readline,addhistory,IN,OUT,MinLine,findConsole, Attribs,Features
#Additional supported functions: tkRunning,ornaments,newTTY
#EXPORTS
#ENVIRONMENT
#CAVEATS

#Test - provides a simple framework for writing test scripts

#SYNOPSIS

#DESCRIPTION

#QUICK START GUIDE

#Functions: plan(...),tests =>number,todo => [1,5,14],onfail => sub { ... },onfail => \&some_sub

_to_value

ok(...)

skip(skip_if_true,args...)

#TEST TYPES: NORMAL TESTS, SKIPPED TESTS, TODO TESTS
#ONFAIL
#BUGS and CAVEATS
#NOTE
#SEE ALSO
#AUTHOR

#Test::Builder - Backend for building test libraries

#SYNOPSIS

#DESCRIPTION

#Construction: new

#Setting up tests: exported_to

plan

expected_tests

no_plan

has_plan

skip_all

#Running tests: ok

is_eq,is_num

isnt_eq,isnt_num

like,unlike

maybe_regex

cmp_ok

BAILOUT

skip

todo_skip

skip_rest

#Test style: level

use_numbers

no_header,no_ending

#Output: diag

_print

output,failure_output,todo_output

#Test Status and Info: current_test

summary

details

todo

caller

_sanity_check

_whoa

_my_exit

#THREADS
#EXAMPLES
#SEE ALSO
#AUTHORS
#COPYRIGHT

#Test::Harness - Run Perl standard test scripts with statistics

#VERSION

#SYNOPSIS

#DESCRIPTION

#The test script output: '1..M','ok', 'not ok'. Ok?,test numbers,test names,Skipping tests,Todo tests,Bail out!,Comments,Anything else
#Taint mode
#Configuration variables.: $Test::Harness::Verbose,$Test::Harness::switches
#Failure: Failed Test,Stat,Wstat,Total,Fail,Failed,List of Failed
#Functions: runtests

_all_ok

_globdir

_run_all_tests

_mk_leader

_leader_width

#EXPORT
#DIAGNOSTICS: All tests successful.\nFiles=%d, Tests=%d, %s,FAILED tests %s\n\tFailed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.,Test returned status %d (wstat %d),Failed 1 test, %.2f%% okay. %s,Failed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay. %s,FAILED--Further testing stopped: %s
#ENVIRONMENT: HARNESS_ACTIVE,HARNESS_COLUMNS,HARNESS_COMPILE_TEST,HARNESS_DEBUG,HARNESS_FILELEAK_IN_DIR,HARNESS_IGNORE_EXITCODE,HARNESS_NOTTY,HARNESS_OK_SLOW,HARNESS_PERL,HARNESS_PERL_SWITCHES,HARNESS_VERBOSE
#EXAMPLE
#SEE ALSO
#AUTHORS
#LICENSE
#TODO
#BUGS
#AUTHORS
#COPYRIGHT

#Test::Harness::Assert - simple assert

#SYNOPSIS

#DESCRIPTION

#FUNCTIONS

#assert()

#AUTHOR
#SEE ALSO

#Test::Harness::Iterator - Internal Test::Harness Iterator

#SYNOPSIS

#DESCRIPTION

#new()
#next()

#Test::Harness::Straps - detailed analysis of test results

#SYNOPSIS

#DESCRIPTION

#Construction

#new

#_init

#Analysis

#analyze

#analyze_fh

#analyze_file

#_command_line( $file )

#_command

#_switches

#_cleaned_switches

#_INC2PERL5LIB

#_filtered_INC

#_restore_PERL5LIB

#Parsing

#_is_comment

#_is_header

#_is_test

#_is_bail_out

#_reset_file_state

#Results

#_detailize

#EXAMPLES
#AUTHOR
#SEE ALSO

#Test::More - yet another framework for writing test scripts

#SYNOPSIS

#DESCRIPTION

#I love it when a plan comes together

#Test names
#I'm ok, you're not ok.: ok

is,isnt

like

unlike

cmp_ok

can_ok

isa_ok

pass,fail

#Diagnostics: diag

#Module tests: use_ok

require_ok

#Conditional tests: SKIP: BLOCK

TODO: BLOCK,todo_skip

When do I use SKIP vs. TODO?

#Comparison functions: is_deeply

eq_array

eq_hash

eq_set

#Extending and Embedding Test::More: builder

#NOTES
#BUGS and CAVEATS: Making your own ok(), The eq_* family has some caveats, Test::Harness upgrades
#HISTORY
#SEE ALSO
#AUTHORS
#COPYRIGHT

#Test::Simple - Basic utilities for writing tests.

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION: ok

#EXAMPLE
#CAVEATS
#NOTES
#HISTORY
#SEE ALSO: Test::More,Test,Test::Unit,Test::Inline,SelfTest,Test::Harness
#AUTHORS
#COPYRIGHT

#Test::Tutorial - A tutorial about writing really basic tests

#DESCRIPTION

#Nuts and bolts of testing.
#Where to start?
#Names
#Test the manual
#Sometimes the tests are wrong
#Testing lots of values
#Informative names
#Skipping tests
#Todo tests
#Testing with taint mode.

#FOOTNOTES

#AUTHORS

#COPYRIGHT

#Text::Abbrev, abbrev - create an abbreviation table from a list

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION
#EXAMPLE

#Text::Balanced - Extract delimited text sequences from strings.

#SYNOPSIS

#DESCRIPTION

#General behaviour in list contexts: [0], [1], [2]
#General behaviour in scalar and void contexts
#A note about prefixes
#extract_delimited
#extract_bracketed
#extract_variable: [0], [1], [2]
#extract_tagged: reject => $listref,ignore => $listref,fail => $str, [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]
#gen_extract_tagged
#extract_quotelike: [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10]
#extract_quotelike and "here documents": [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7..10]
#extract_codeblock
#extract_multiple
#gen_delimited_pat

#DIAGNOSTICS

C<Did not find a suitable bracket: "%s">,  C<Did not find prefix: /%s/>, C<Did not find opening bracket after prefix: "%s">,  C<No quotelikeoperator found after prefix: "%s">,  C<Unmatched closing bracket: "%c">, C<Unmatched opening bracket(s): "%s">, C<Unmatched embedded quote (%s)>,C<Did not find closing delimiter to match '%s'>,  C<Mismatched closingbracket: expected "%c" but found "%s">,  C<No block delimiter found afterquotelike "%s">, C<Did not find leading dereferencer>, C<Bad identifierafter dereferencer>, C<Did not find expected opening bracket at %s>,C<Improperly nested codeblock at %s>,  C<Missing second block for quotelike"%s">, C<No match found for opening bracket>, C<Did not find opening tag:/%s/>, C<Unable to construct closing tag to match: /%s/>, C<Found invalidnested tag: %s>, C<Found unbalanced nested tag: %s>, C<Did not find closingtag>

#AUTHOR

#BUGS AND IRRITATIONS

#COPYRIGHT

#Text::ParseWords - parse text into an array of tokens or array of arrays

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION
#EXAMPLES
#AUTHORS

#Text::Soundex - Implementation of the Soundex Algorithm as Described by Knuth

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION
#EXAMPLES
#LIMITATIONS
#AUTHOR

#Text::Tabs -- expand and unexpand tabs per the unix expand(1) and unexpand(1)

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION
#BUGS
#AUTHOR

#Text::Wrap - line wrapping to form simple paragraphs

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION
#OVERRIDES
#EXAMPLE
#AUTHOR

#Thread - manipulate threads in Perl (for old code only)

#CAVEAT
#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION
#FUNCTIONS: $thread = Thread->new(\&start_sub), $thread = Thread->new(\&start_sub, LIST), lock VARIABLE, async BLOCK;, Thread->self, cond_wait VARIABLE, cond_signal VARIABLE, cond_broadcast VARIABLE, yield
#METHODS: join, eval, detach, equal, tid, flags, done
#LIMITATIONS
#SEE ALSO

#Thread::Queue - thread-safe queues

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION
#FUNCTIONS AND METHODS: new, enqueue LIST, dequeue, dequeue_nb, pending
#SEE ALSO

#Thread::Semaphore - thread-safe semaphores

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION
#FUNCTIONS AND METHODS: new, new NUMBER, down, down NUMBER, up, up NUMBER

#Thread::Signal - Start a thread which runs signal handlers reliably (for old code)

#CAVEAT
#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION
#BUGS

#Thread::Specific - thread-specific keys

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION

#Tie::Array - base class for tied arrays

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION: TIEARRAY classname, LIST, STORE this, index, value, FETCH this, index, FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this, key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, DESTROY this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this, SHIFT this, UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST
#CAVEATS
#AUTHOR

#Tie::File - Access the lines of a disk file via a Perl array

#SYNOPSIS

#DESCRIPTION

#recsep
#autochomp
#mode
#memory
#dw_size
#Option Format

#Public Methods

#flock
#autochomp
#defer,flush,discard, andautodefer
#offset

#Tying to an already-opened filehandle

#Deferred Writing

#Autodeferring

#CONCURRENT ACCESS TO FILES

#CAVEATS

#SUBCLASSING

#WHAT ABOUTDB_File?

#AUTHOR

#LICENSE

#WARRANTY

#THANKS

#TODO

#Tie::Handle, Tie::StdHandle - base class definitions for tied handles

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION: TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, scalar, length, offset, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, format, LIST, READ this, scalar, length, offset, READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, OPEN this, filename, BINMODE this, EOF this, TELL this, SEEK this, offset, whence, DESTROY this
#MORE INFORMATION
#COMPATIBILITY

#Tie::Hash, Tie::StdHash, Tie::ExtraHash - base class definitions for tied hashes

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION: TIEHASH classname, LIST, STORE this, key, value, FETCH this, key, FIRSTKEY this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, EXISTS this, key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, SCALAR this
#Inheriting fromTie::StdHash
#Inheriting fromTie::ExtraHash
#SCALAR,UNTIE andDESTROY
#MORE INFORMATION

#Tie::Memoize - add data to hash when needed

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION
#Inheriting fromTie::Memoize
#EXAMPLE
#BUGS
#AUTHOR

#Tie::RefHash - use references as hash keys

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION
#EXAMPLE
#AUTHOR
#VERSION
#SEE ALSO

#Tie::Scalar, Tie::StdScalar - base class definitions for tied scalars

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION: TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this
#MORE INFORMATION

#Tie::SubstrHash - Fixed-table-size, fixed-key-length hashing

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION
#CAVEATS

#Time::HiRes - High resolution alarm, sleep, gettimeofday, interval timers

#SYNOPSIS

#DESCRIPTION

gettimeofday (), usleep ( $useconds ), ualarm ( $useconds [, $interval_useconds ] ), tv_interval, time (), sleep ( $floating_seconds ), alarm ( $floating_seconds [, $interval_floating_seconds ] ), setitimer ( $which, $floating_seconds [, $interval_floating_seconds ] ), getitimer ( $which )

#EXAMPLES

#C API

#DIAGNOSTICS

#negative time not invented yet
#internal error: useconds < 0 (unsigned ... signed ...)

#CAVEATS

#AUTHORS

#COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE

#Time::Local - efficiently compute time from local and GMT time

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION
#IMPLEMENTATION
#BUGS
#SUPPORT
#AUTHOR

#Time::gmtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gmtime() function

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION
#NOTE
#AUTHOR

#Time::localtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in localtime() function

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION
#NOTE
#AUTHOR

#Time::tm - internal object used by Time::gmtime and Time::localtime

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION
#AUTHOR

#UNIVERSAL - base class for ALL classes (blessed references)

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION: $obj->isa( TYPE ),CLASS->isa( TYPE ),isa( VAL, TYPE ),TYPE,$obj,CLASS,VAL,$obj->can( METHOD ),CLASS->can( METHOD ),can( VAL, METHOD ),VERSION ( [ REQUIRE ] )
#EXPORTS

#Unicode::Collate - Unicode Collation Algorithm

#SYNOPSIS

#DESCRIPTION

#Constructor and Tailoring: UCA_Version, backwards, entry, hangul_terminator, ignoreName, ignoreChar, level, normalization, overrideCJK, overrideHangul, preprocess, rearrange, table, undefName, undefChar, katakana_before_hiragana, upper_before_lower, variable, alternate
#Methods for Collation: @sorted = $Collator->sort(@not_sorted),$result = $Collator->cmp($a, $b),$result = $Collator->eq($a, $b),$result = $Collator->ne($a, $b),$result = $Collator->lt($a, $b),$result = $Collator->le($a, $b),$result = $Collator->gt($a, $b),$result = $Collator->ge($a, $b),$sortKey = $Collator->getSortKey($string),$sortKeyForm = $Collator->viewSortKey($string)
#Methods for Searching: $position = $Collator->index($string, $substring[, $position]),($position, $length) = $Collator->index($string, $substring[, $position]),$match_ref = $Collator->match($string, $substring),($match) = $Collator->match($string, $substring),@match = $Collator->gmatch($string, $substring),$count = $Collator->subst($string, $substring, $replacement),$count = $Collator->gsubst($string, $substring, $replacement)
#Other Methods: %old_tailoring = $Collator->change(%new_tailoring),$version = $Collator->version(),UCA_Version(),Base_Unicode_Version()
#EXPORT
#CAVEAT
#Conformance Test

#AUTHOR

#SEE ALSO

Unicode Collation Algorithm - UTS #10, The Default Unicode Collation Element Table (DUCET), The conformance test for the UCA, Hangul Syllable Type, Unicode Normalization Forms - UAX #15,Unicode::Normalize

#Unicode::Normalize - Unicode Normalization Forms

#SYNOPSIS

#DESCRIPTION

#Normalization Forms: $NFD_string = NFD($string),$NFC_string = NFC($string),$NFKD_string = NFKD($string),$NFKC_string = NFKC($string),$FCD_string = FCD($string),$FCC_string = FCC($string),$normalized_string = normalize($form_name, $string)
#Decomposition and Composition: $decomposed_string = decompose($string),$decomposed_string = decompose($string, $useCompatMapping),$reordered_string = reorder($string),$composed_string = compose($string)
#Quick Check: $result = checkNFD($string),$result = checkNFC($string),$result = checkNFKD($string),$result = checkNFKC($string),$result = checkFCD($string),$result = checkFCC($string),$result = check($form_name, $string)
#Character Data: $canonical_decomposed = getCanon($codepoint),$compatibility_decomposed = getCompat($codepoint),$codepoint_composite = getComposite($codepoint_here, $codepoint_next),$combining_class = getCombinClass($codepoint),$is_exclusion = isExclusion($codepoint),$is_singleton = isSingleton($codepoint),$is_non_starter_decomposition = isNonStDecomp($codepoint),$may_be_composed_with_prev_char = isComp2nd($codepoint)
#EXPORT

#AUTHOR

#SEE ALSO

http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr15/, http://www.unicode.org/Public/UNIDATA/DerivedNormalizationProps.txt, http://www.unicode.org/notes/tn5/

#Unicode::UCD - Unicode character database

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION

#charinfo

#charblock

#charscript

#charblocks

#charscripts

#Blocks versus Scripts
#Matching Scripts and Blocks
#Code Point Arguments
#charinrange

#compexcl

#casefold

#casespec

#Unicode::UCD::UnicodeVersion

#Implementation Note

#BUGS
#AUTHOR

#User::grent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*() functions

#SYNOPSIS
#DESCRIPTION
#NOTE
#AUTHOR

#User::pwent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getpw*() functions

#SYNOPSIS

#DESCRIPTION

#System Specifics

#NOTE

#AUTHOR

#HISTORY

March 18th, 2000

#Win32 - Interfaces to some Win32 API Functions

#DESCRIPTION

#Alphabetical Listing of Win32 Functions: Win32::AbortSystemShutdown(MACHINE), Win32::BuildNumber(), Win32::CopyFile(FROM, TO, OVERWRITE), Win32::DomainName(), Win32::ExpandEnvironmentStrings(STRING), Win32::FormatMessage(ERRORCODE), Win32::FsType(), Win32::FreeLibrary(HANDLE), Win32::GetArchName(), Win32::GetChipName(), Win32::GetCwd(), Win32::GetFolderPath(FOLDER [, CREATE]), Win32::GetFullPathName(FILENAME), Win32::GetLastError(), Win32::GetLongPathName(PATHNAME), Win32::GetNextAvailDrive(), Win32::GetOSVersion(), Win32::GetOSName(), Win32::GetShortPathName(PATHNAME), Win32::GetProcAddress(INSTANCE, PROCNAME), Win32::GetTickCount(), Win32::InitiateSystemShutdown, Win32::IsWinNT(), Win32::IsWin95(), Win32::LoadLibrary(LIBNAME), Win32::LoginName(), Win32::LookupAccountName(SYSTEM, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SID, SIDTYPE), Win32::LookupAccountSID(SYSTEM, SID, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SIDTYPE), Win32::MsgBox(MESSAGE [, FLAGS [, TITLE]]), Win32::NodeName(), Win32::RegisterServer(LIBRARYNAME), Win32::SetChildShowWindow(SHOWWINDOW), Win32::SetCwd(NEWDIRECTORY), Win32::SetLastError(ERROR), Win32::Sleep(TIME), Win32::Spawn(COMMAND, ARGS, PID), Win32::UnregisterServer(LIBRARYNAME)

#XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code

#SYNOPSIS

#DESCRIPTION

#Migration fromDynaLoader
#Backward compatible boilerplate

#Order of initialization: early load()

#The most hairy case

#LIMITATIONS

#AUTHOR

#AUXILIARY DOCUMENTATION

Here should be listed all the extra programs' documentation, but they don't all have manual pages yet:

#a2p
#c2ph
#dprofpp
#h2ph
#h2xs
#perlbug
#perldoc
#pl2pm
#pod2html
#pod2man
#s2p
#splain
#xsubpp

#AUTHOR

Larry Wall <larry@wall.org>, with the help of oodles of other folks.

2 POD Errors

The following errors were encountered while parsing the POD:

#Around line 3414:: Expected text after =item, not a number
#Around line 3416:: Expected text after =item, not a number

Perldoc Browser is maintained by Dan Book (DBOOK). Please contact him via theGitHub issue tracker oremail regarding any issues with the site itself, search, or rendering of documentation.

The Perl documentation is maintained by the Perl 5 Porters in the development of Perl. Please contact them via thePerl issue tracker, themailing list, orIRC to report any issues with the contents or format of the documentation.

Movatterモバイル変換

CONTENTS

#NAME

#DESCRIPTION

#BASIC DOCUMENTATION

#perl - Practical Extraction and Report Language

#perlintro -- a brief introduction and overview of Perl

#perlreftut - Mark's very short tutorial about references

#perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook

#perllol - Manipulating Arrays of Arrays in Perl

#perlrequick - Perl regular expressions quick start

#perlretut - Perl regular expressions tutorial

#perlboot - Beginner's Object-Oriented Tutorial

#perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl

#perltooc - Tom's OO Tutorial for Class Data in Perl

#perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT)

#perlstyle - Perl style guide

#perlcheat - Perl 5 Cheat Sheet

#perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary

#perldebtut - Perl debugging tutorial

#perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date: 2003/01/31 17:37:17 $)

#perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 1.14 $, $Date: 2003/11/23 08:02:29 $)

#perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision: 1.25 $, $Date: 2003/10/16 04:57:38 $)

#perlfaq3 - Programming Tools ($Revision: 1.37 $, $Date: 2003/11/24 19:55:50 $)

#perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 1.54 $, $Date: 2003/11/30 00:50:08 $)

#perlfaq5 - Files and Formats ($Revision: 1.30 $, $Date: 2003/11/23 08:07:46 $)

#perlfaq6 - Regular Expressions ($Revision: 1.20 $, $Date: 2003/01/03 20:05:28 $)

#perlfaq7 - General Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 1.15 $, $Date: 2003/07/24 02:17:21 $)

#perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 1.17 $, $Date: 2003/01/26 17:44:04 $)

#perlfaq9 - Networking ($Revision: 1.15 $, $Date: 2003/01/31 17:36:57 $)

#perlsyn - Perl syntax

#perldata - Perl data types

#perlop - Perl operators and precedence

#perlsub - Perl subroutines

#perlfunc - Perl builtin functions

#perlopentut - tutorial on opening things in Perl

#perlpacktut - tutorial onpack andunpack

#perlpod - the Plain Old Documentation format

#perlpodspec - Plain Old Documentation: format specification and notes

#perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter

#perldiag - various Perl diagnostics

#perllexwarn - Perl Lexical Warnings

#perldebug - Perl debugging

#perlvar - Perl predefined variables

#perlre - Perl regular expressions

#perlreref - Perl Regular Expressions Reference

#perlref - Perl references and nested data structures

#perlform - Perl formats

#perlobj - Perl objects

#perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable

#perldbmfilter - Perl DBM Filters

#perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes, safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores)

#perlfork - Perl's fork() emulation

#perlnumber - semantics of numbers and numeric operations in Perl

#perlthrtut - tutorial on threads in Perl

#perlothrtut - old tutorial on threads in Perl

#perlport - Writing portable Perl

#perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and localization)

#perluniintro - Perl Unicode introduction

#perlunicode - Unicode support in Perl

#perlebcdic - Considerations for running Perl on EBCDIC platforms

#perlsec - Perl security

#perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables)

#perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones

#perlmodstyle - Perl module style guide

#perlmodinstall - Installing CPAN Modules

#perlnewmod - preparing a new module for distribution

#perlutil - utilities packaged with the Perl distribution

#perlcompile - Introduction to the Perl Compiler-Translator

#perlfilter - Source Filters

#perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program

#perldebguts - Guts of Perl debugging

#perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for writing XSUBs

#perlxs - XS language reference manual

#perlclib - Internal replacements for standard C library functions

#perlguts - Introduction to the Perl API

#perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C

#perlapi - autogenerated documentation for the perl public API

#perlintern - autogenerated documentation of purelyinternal Perl functions

#perliol - C API for Perl's implementation of IO in Layers.

#perlpacktut - tutorial on`pack` and`unpack`

#charnames - define character names for`\N{named}` string literal escapes