CONTENTS

• NAME
• SYNOPSIS
• DESCRIPTION
• CAVEATS
• FUNCTIONS
• CLASSES
  • POSIX::SigAction
  • POSIX::SigRt
  • POSIX::SigSet
  • POSIX::Termios
• PATHNAME CONSTANTS
• POSIX CONSTANTS
• SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
• ERRNO
• FCNTL
• FLOAT
• LIMITS
• LOCALE
• MATH
• SIGNAL
• STAT
• STDLIB
• STDIO
• TIME
• UNISTD
• WAIT

#NAME

POSIX - Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1

#SYNOPSIS

    use POSIX ();    use POSIX qw(setsid);    use POSIX qw(:errno_h :fcntl_h);    printf "EINTR is %d\n", EINTR;    $sess_id = POSIX::setsid();    $fd = POSIX::open($path, O_CREAT|O_EXCL|O_WRONLY, 0644);# note: that's a filedescriptor, *NOT* a filehandle

#DESCRIPTION

The POSIX module permits you to access all (or nearly all) the standard POSIX 1003.1 identifiers. Many of these identifiers have been given Perl-ish interfaces.

Everything is exported by default with the exception of any POSIX functions with the same name as a built-in Perl function, such asabs,alarm,rmdir,write, etc.., which will be exported only if you ask for them explicitly. This is an unfortunate backwards compatibility feature. You can stop the exporting by sayinguse POSIX () and then use the fully qualified names (e.g.,POSIX::SEEK_END), or by giving an explicit import list. If you do neither, and opt for the default,use POSIX; has to import553 symbols.

This document gives a condensed list of the features available in the POSIX module. Consult your operating system's manpages for general information on most features. Consultperlfunc for functions which are noted as being identical to Perl's builtin functions.

The first section describes POSIX functions from the 1003.1 specification. The second section describes some classes for signal objects, TTY objects, and other miscellaneous objects. The remaining sections list various constants and macros in an organization which roughly follows IEEE Std 1003.1b-1993.

#CAVEATS

A few functions are not implemented because they are C specific. If you attempt to call these, they will print a message telling you that they aren't implemented, and suggest using the Perl equivalent, should one exist. For example, trying to access thesetjmp() call will elicit the message "setjmp() is C-specific: use eval {} instead".

Furthermore, some evil vendors will claim 1003.1 compliance, but in fact are not so: they will not pass the PCTS (POSIX Compliance Test Suites). For example, one vendor may not defineEDEADLK, or the semantics of the errno values set byopen(2) might not be quite right. Perl does not attempt to verify POSIX compliance. That means you can currently successfully say "use POSIX", and then later in your program you find that your vendor has been lax and there's no usableICANON macro after all. This could be construed to be a bug.

#FUNCTIONS

#_exit

This is identical to the C function_exit(). It exits the program immediately which means among other things buffered I/O isnot flushed.

Note that when using threads and in Linux this isnot a good way to exit a thread because in Linux processes and threads are kind of the same thing (Note: while this is the situation in early 2003 there are projects under way to have threads with more POSIXly semantics in Linux). If you want not to return from a thread, detach the thread.

#abort

This is identical to the C functionabort(). It terminates the process with aSIGABRT signal unless caught by a signal handler or if the handler does not return normally (it e.g. does alongjmp).

#abs

This is identical to Perl's builtinabs() function, returning the absolute value of its numerical argument.

#access

Determines the accessibility of a file.

if( POSIX::access( "/", &POSIX::R_OK ) ){print "have read permission\n";}

Returnsundef on failure. Note: do not useaccess() for security purposes. Between theaccess() call and the operation you are preparing for the permissions might change: a classicrace condition.

#acos

This is identical to the C functionacos(), returning the arcus cosine of its numerical argument. See alsoMath::Trig.

#alarm

This is identical to Perl's builtinalarm() function, either for arming or disarming theSIGARLM timer.

#asctime

This is identical to the C functionasctime(). It returns a string of the form

"Fri Jun  2 18:22:13 2000\n\0"

and it is called thusly

$asctime = asctime($sec, $min, $hour, $mday, $mon,   $year, $wday, $yday, $isdst);

The$mon is zero-based: January equals0. The$year is 1900-based: 2001 equals101.$wday and$yday default to zero (and are usually ignored anyway), and$isdst defaults to -1.

#asin

This is identical to the C functionasin(), returning the arcus sine of its numerical argument. See alsoMath::Trig.

#assert

Unimplemented, but you can use"die" in perlfunc and theCarp module to achieve similar things.

#atan

This is identical to the C functionatan(), returning the arcus tangent of its numerical argument. See alsoMath::Trig.

#atan2

This is identical to Perl's builtinatan2() function, returning the arcus tangent defined by its two numerical arguments, they coordinate and thex coordinate. See alsoMath::Trig.

#atexit

atexit() is C-specific: useEND {} instead, seeperlsub.

#atof

atof() is C-specific. Perl converts strings to numbers transparently. If you need to force a scalar to a number, add a zero to it.

#atoi

atoi() is C-specific. Perl converts strings to numbers transparently. If you need to force a scalar to a number, add a zero to it. If you need to have just the integer part, see"int" in perlfunc.

#atol

atol() is C-specific. Perl converts strings to numbers transparently. If you need to force a scalar to a number, add a zero to it. If you need to have just the integer part, see"int" in perlfunc.

#bsearch

bsearch() not supplied. For doing binary search on wordlists, seeSearch::Dict.

#calloc

calloc() is C-specific. Perl does memory management transparently.

#ceil

This is identical to the C functionceil(), returning the smallest integer value greater than or equal to the given numerical argument.

#chdir

This is identical to Perl's builtinchdir() function, allowing one to change the working (default) directory, see"chdir" in perlfunc.

#chmod

This is identical to Perl's builtinchmod() function, allowing one to change file and directory permissions, see"chmod" in perlfunc.

#chown

This is identical to Perl's builtinchown() function, allowing one to change file and directory owners and groups, see"chown" in perlfunc.

#clearerr

Use the methodIO::Handle::clearerr() instead, to reset the error state (if any) and EOF state (if any) of the given stream.

#clock

This is identical to the C functionclock(), returning the amount of spent processor time in microseconds.

#close

Close the file. This uses file descriptors such as those obtained by callingPOSIX::open.

$fd = POSIX::open( "foo", &POSIX::O_RDONLY );POSIX::close( $fd );

Returnsundef on failure.

See also"close" in perlfunc.

#closedir

This is identical to Perl's builtinclosedir() function for closing a directory handle, see"closedir" in perlfunc.

#cos

This is identical to Perl's builtincos() function, for returning the cosine of its numerical argument, see"cos" in perlfunc. See alsoMath::Trig.

#cosh

This is identical to the C functioncosh(), for returning the hyperbolic cosine of its numeric argument. See alsoMath::Trig.

#creat

Create a new file. This returns a file descriptor like the ones returned byPOSIX::open. UsePOSIX::close to close the file.

$fd = POSIX::creat( "foo", 0611 );POSIX::close( $fd );

See also"sysopen" in perlfunc and itsO_CREAT flag.

#ctermid

Generates the path name for the controlling terminal.

$path = POSIX::ctermid();

#ctime

This is identical to the C functionctime() and equivalent toasctime(localtime(...)), see"asctime" and"localtime".

#cuserid

Get the login name of the owner of the current process.

$name = POSIX::cuserid();

#difftime

This is identical to the C functiondifftime(), for returning the time difference (in seconds) between two times (as returned bytime()), see"time".

#div

div() is C-specific, use"int" in perlfunc on the usual/ division and the modulus%.

#dup

This is similar to the C functiondup(), for duplicating a file descriptor.

This uses file descriptors such as those obtained by callingPOSIX::open.

Returnsundef on failure.

#dup2

This is similar to the C functiondup2(), for duplicating a file descriptor to an another known file descriptor.

This uses file descriptors such as those obtained by callingPOSIX::open.

Returnsundef on failure.

#errno

Returns the value of errno.

$errno = POSIX::errno();

This identical to the numerical values of the$!, see"$ERRNO" in perlvar.

#execl

execl() is C-specific, see"exec" in perlfunc.

#execle

execle() is C-specific, see"exec" in perlfunc.

#execlp

execlp() is C-specific, see"exec" in perlfunc.

#execv

execv() is C-specific, see"exec" in perlfunc.

#execve

execve() is C-specific, see"exec" in perlfunc.

#execvp

execvp() is C-specific, see"exec" in perlfunc.

#exit

This is identical to Perl's builtinexit() function for exiting the program, see"exit" in perlfunc.

#exp

This is identical to Perl's builtinexp() function for returning the exponent (e-based) of the numerical argument, see"exp" in perlfunc.

#fabs

This is identical to Perl's builtinabs() function for returning the absolute value of the numerical argument, see"abs" in perlfunc.

#fclose

Use methodIO::Handle::close() instead, or see"close" in perlfunc.

#fcntl

This is identical to Perl's builtinfcntl() function, see"fcntl" in perlfunc.

#fdopen

Use methodIO::Handle::new_from_fd() instead, or see"open" in perlfunc.

#feof

Use methodIO::Handle::eof() instead, or see"eof" in perlfunc.

#ferror

Use methodIO::Handle::error() instead.

#fflush

Use methodIO::Handle::flush() instead. See also"$OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH" in perlvar.

#fgetc

Use methodIO::Handle::getc() instead, or see"read" in perlfunc.

#fgetpos

Use methodIO::Seekable::getpos() instead, or see"seek" in perlfunc.

#fgets

Use methodIO::Handle::gets() instead. Similar to <>, also known as"readline" in perlfunc.

#fileno

Use methodIO::Handle::fileno() instead, or see"fileno" in perlfunc.

#floor

This is identical to the C functionfloor(), returning the largest integer value less than or equal to the numerical argument.

#fmod

This is identical to the C functionfmod().

$r = fmod($x, $y);

It returns the remainder$r = $x - $n*$y, where$n = trunc($x/$y). The$r has the same sign as$x and magnitude (absolute value) less than the magnitude of$y.

#fopen

Use methodIO::File::open() instead, or see"open" in perlfunc.

#fork

This is identical to Perl's builtinfork() function for duplicating the current process, see"fork" in perlfunc andperlfork if you are in Windows.

#fpathconf

Retrieves the value of a configurable limit on a file or directory. This uses file descriptors such as those obtained by callingPOSIX::open.

The following will determine the maximum length of the longest allowable pathname on the filesystem which holds/var/foo.

$fd = POSIX::open( "/var/foo", &POSIX::O_RDONLY );$path_max = POSIX::fpathconf($fd, &POSIX::_PC_PATH_MAX);

Returnsundef on failure.

#fprintf

fprintf() is C-specific, see"printf" in perlfunc instead.

#fputc

fputc() is C-specific, see"print" in perlfunc instead.

#fputs

fputs() is C-specific, see"print" in perlfunc instead.

#fread

fread() is C-specific, see"read" in perlfunc instead.

#free

free() is C-specific. Perl does memory management transparently.

#freopen

freopen() is C-specific, see"open" in perlfunc instead.

#frexp

Return the mantissa and exponent of a floating-point number.

($mantissa, $exponent) = POSIX::frexp( 1.234e56 );

#fscanf

fscanf() is C-specific, use <> and regular expressions instead.

#fseek

Use methodIO::Seekable::seek() instead, or see"seek" in perlfunc.

#fsetpos

Use methodIO::Seekable::setpos() instead, or seek"seek" in perlfunc.

#fstat

Get file status. This uses file descriptors such as those obtained by callingPOSIX::open. The data returned is identical to the data from Perl's builtinstat function.

$fd = POSIX::open( "foo", &POSIX::O_RDONLY );@stats = POSIX::fstat( $fd );

#fsync

Use methodIO::Handle::sync() instead.

#ftell

Use methodIO::Seekable::tell() instead, or see"tell" in perlfunc.

#fwrite

fwrite() is C-specific, see"print" in perlfunc instead.

#getc

This is identical to Perl's builtingetc() function, see"getc" in perlfunc.

#getchar

Returns one character from STDIN. Identical to Perl'sgetc(), see"getc" in perlfunc.

#getcwd

Returns the name of the current working directory. See alsoCwd.

#getegid

Returns the effective group identifier. Similar to Perl' s builtin variable$(, see"$EGID" in perlvar.

#getenv

Returns the value of the specified environment variable. The same information is available through the%ENV array.

#geteuid

Returns the effective user identifier. Identical to Perl's builtin$> variable, see"$EUID" in perlvar.

#getgid

Returns the user's real group identifier. Similar to Perl's builtin variable$), see"$GID" in perlvar.

#getgrgid

This is identical to Perl's builtingetgrgid() function for returning group entries by group identifiers, see"getgrgid" in perlfunc.

#getgrnam

This is identical to Perl's builtingetgrnam() function for returning group entries by group names, see"getgrnam" in perlfunc.

#getgroups

Returns the ids of the user's supplementary groups. Similar to Perl's builtin variable$), see"$GID" in perlvar.

#getlogin

This is identical to Perl's builtingetlogin() function for returning the user name associated with the current session, see"getlogin" in perlfunc.

#getpgrp

This is identical to Perl's builtingetpgrp() function for returning the process group identifier of the current process, see"getpgrp" in perlfunc.

#getpid

Returns the process identifier. Identical to Perl's builtin variable$$, see"$PID" in perlvar.

#getppid

This is identical to Perl's builtingetppid() function for returning the process identifier of the parent process of the current process , see"getppid" in perlfunc.

#getpwnam

This is identical to Perl's builtingetpwnam() function for returning user entries by user names, see"getpwnam" in perlfunc.

#getpwuid

This is identical to Perl's builtingetpwuid() function for returning user entries by user identifiers, see"getpwuid" in perlfunc.

#gets

Returns one line fromSTDIN, similar to <>, also known as thereadline() function, see"readline" in perlfunc.

NOTE: if you have C programs that still usegets(), be very afraid. Thegets() function is a source of endless grief because it has no buffer overrun checks. It shouldnever be used. Thefgets() function should be preferred instead.

#getuid

Returns the user's identifier. Identical to Perl's builtin$< variable, see"$UID" in perlvar.

#gmtime

This is identical to Perl's builtingmtime() function for converting seconds since the epoch to a date in Greenwich Mean Time, see"gmtime" in perlfunc.

#isalnum

Deprecated function whose use raises a warning, and which is slated to be removed in a future Perl version. It is very similar to matching againstqr/ ^ [[:alnum:]]+ $ /x, which you should convert to use instead. The function is deprecated because 1) it doesn't handle UTF-8 encoded strings properly; and 2) it returnsTRUE even if the input is the empty string. The function return is always based on the current locale, whereas using locale rules is optional with the regular expression, based on pragmas in effect and pattern modifiers (see"Character set modifiers" in perlre and"Which character set modifier is in effect?" in perlre).

The function returnsTRUE if the input string is empty, or if the corresponding C function returnsTRUE for every byte in the string.

You may want to use the/\w/ construct instead.

#isalpha

Deprecated function whose use raises a warning, and which is slated to be removed in a future Perl version. It is very similar to matching againstqr/ ^ [[:alpha:]]+ $ /x, which you should convert to use instead. The function is deprecated because 1) it doesn't handle UTF-8 encoded strings properly; and 2) it returnsTRUE even if the input is the empty string. The function return is always based on the current locale, whereas using locale rules is optional with the regular expression, based on pragmas in effect and pattern modifiers (see"Character set modifiers" in perlre and"Which character set modifier is in effect?" in perlre).

The function returnsTRUE if the input string is empty, or if the corresponding C function returnsTRUE for every byte in the string.

#isatty

Returns a boolean indicating whether the specified filehandle is connected to a tty. Similar to the-t operator, see"-X" in perlfunc.

#iscntrl

Deprecated function whose use raises a warning, and which is slated to be removed in a future Perl version. It is very similar to matching againstqr/ ^ [[:cntrl:]]+ $ /x, which you should convert to use instead. The function is deprecated because 1) it doesn't handle UTF-8 encoded strings properly; and 2) it returnsTRUE even if the input is the empty string. The function return is always based on the current locale, whereas using locale rules is optional with the regular expression, based on pragmas in effect and pattern modifiers (see"Character set modifiers" in perlre and"Which character set modifier is in effect?" in perlre).

The function returnsTRUE if the input string is empty, or if the corresponding C function returnsTRUE for every byte in the string.

#isdigit

Deprecated function whose use raises a warning, and which is slated to be removed in a future Perl version. It is very similar to matching againstqr/ ^ [[:digit:]]+ $ /x, which you should convert to use instead. The function is deprecated because 1) it doesn't handle UTF-8 encoded strings properly; and 2) it returnsTRUE even if the input is the empty string. The function return is always based on the current locale, whereas using locale rules is optional with the regular expression, based on pragmas in effect and pattern modifiers (see"Character set modifiers" in perlre and"Which character set modifier is in effect?" in perlre).

The function returnsTRUE if the input string is empty, or if the corresponding C function returnsTRUE for every byte in the string.

You may want to use the/\d/ construct instead.

#isgraph

Deprecated function whose use raises a warning, and which is slated to be removed in a future Perl version. It is very similar to matching againstqr/ ^ [[:graph:]]+ $ /x, which you should convert to use instead. The function is deprecated because 1) it doesn't handle UTF-8 encoded strings properly; and 2) it returnsTRUE even if the input is the empty string. The function return is always based on the current locale, whereas using locale rules is optional with the regular expression, based on pragmas in effect and pattern modifiers (see"Character set modifiers" in perlre and"Which character set modifier is in effect?" in perlre).

The function returnsTRUE if the input string is empty, or if the corresponding C function returnsTRUE for every byte in the string.

#islower

Deprecated function whose use raises a warning, and which is slated to be removed in a future Perl version. It is very similar to matching againstqr/ ^ [[:lower:]]+ $ /x, which you should convert to use instead. The function is deprecated because 1) it doesn't handle UTF-8 encoded strings properly; and 2) it returnsTRUE even if the input is the empty string. The function return is always based on the current locale, whereas using locale rules is optional with the regular expression, based on pragmas in effect and pattern modifiers (see"Character set modifiers" in perlre and"Which character set modifier is in effect?" in perlre).

The function returnsTRUE if the input string is empty, or if the corresponding C function returnsTRUE for every byte in the string.

Donot use/[a-z]/ unless you don't care about the current locale.

#isprint

Deprecated function whose use raises a warning, and which is slated to be removed in a future Perl version. It is very similar to matching againstqr/ ^ [[:print:]]+ $ /x, which you should convert to use instead. The function is deprecated because 1) it doesn't handle UTF-8 encoded strings properly; and 2) it returnsTRUE even if the input is the empty string. The function return is always based on the current locale, whereas using locale rules is optional with the regular expression, based on pragmas in effect and pattern modifiers (see"Character set modifiers" in perlre and"Which character set modifier is in effect?" in perlre).

The function returnsTRUE if the input string is empty, or if the corresponding C function returnsTRUE for every byte in the string.

#ispunct

Deprecated function whose use raises a warning, and which is slated to be removed in a future Perl version. It is very similar to matching againstqr/ ^ [[:punct:]]+ $ /x, which you should convert to use instead. The function is deprecated because 1) it doesn't handle UTF-8 encoded strings properly; and 2) it returnsTRUE even if the input is the empty string. The function return is always based on the current locale, whereas using locale rules is optional with the regular expression, based on pragmas in effect and pattern modifiers (see"Character set modifiers" in perlre and"Which character set modifier is in effect?" in perlre).

The function returnsTRUE if the input string is empty, or if the corresponding C function returnsTRUE for every byte in the string.

#isspace

Deprecated function whose use raises a warning, and which is slated to be removed in a future Perl version. It is very similar to matching againstqr/ ^ [[:space:]]+ $ /x, which you should convert to use instead. The function is deprecated because 1) it doesn't handle UTF-8 encoded strings properly; and 2) it returnsTRUE even if the input is the empty string. The function return is always based on the current locale, whereas using locale rules is optional with the regular expression, based on pragmas in effect and pattern modifiers (see"Character set modifiers" in perlre and"Which character set modifier is in effect?" in perlre).

The function returnsTRUE if the input string is empty, or if the corresponding C function returnsTRUE for every byte in the string.

You may want to use the/\s/ construct instead.

#isupper

Deprecated function whose use raises a warning, and which is slated to be removed in a future Perl version. It is very similar to matching againstqr/ ^ [[:upper:]]+ $ /x, which you should convert to use instead. The function is deprecated because 1) it doesn't handle UTF-8 encoded strings properly; and 2) it returnsTRUE even if the input is the empty string. The function return is always based on the current locale, whereas using locale rules is optional with the regular expression, based on pragmas in effect and pattern modifiers (see"Character set modifiers" in perlre and"Which character set modifier is in effect?" in perlre).

The function returnsTRUE if the input string is empty, or if the corresponding C function returnsTRUE for every byte in the string.

Donot use/[A-Z]/ unless you don't care about the current locale.

#isxdigit

Deprecated function whose use raises a warning, and which is slated to be removed in a future Perl version. It is very similar to matching againstqr/ ^ [[:xdigit:]]+ $ /x, which you should convert to use instead. The function is deprecated because 1) it doesn't handle UTF-8 encoded strings properly; and 2) it returnsTRUE even if the input is the empty string. The function return is always based on the current locale, whereas using locale rules is optional with the regular expression, based on pragmas in effect and pattern modifiers (see"Character set modifiers" in perlre and"Which character set modifier is in effect?" in perlre).

The function returnsTRUE if the input string is empty, or if the corresponding C function returnsTRUE for every byte in the string.

#kill

This is identical to Perl's builtinkill() function for sending signals to processes (often to terminate them), see"kill" in perlfunc.

#labs

(For returning absolute values of long integers.)labs() is C-specific, see"abs" in perlfunc instead.

#lchown

This is identical to the C function, except the order of arguments is consistent with Perl's builtinchown() with the added restriction of only one path, not an list of paths. Does the same thing as thechown() function but changes the owner of a symbolic link instead of the file the symbolic link points to.

#ldexp

This is identical to the C functionldexp() for multiplying floating point numbers with powers of two.

$x_quadrupled = POSIX::ldexp($x, 2);

#ldiv

(For computing dividends of long integers.)ldiv() is C-specific, use/ andint() instead.

#link

This is identical to Perl's builtinlink() function for creating hard links into files, see"link" in perlfunc.

#localeconv

Get numeric formatting information. Returns a reference to a hash containing the current locale formatting values. Users of this function should also readperllocale, which provides a comprehensive discussion of Perl locale handling, includinga section devoted to this function.

Here is how to query the database for thede (Deutsch or German) locale.

my $loc = POSIX::setlocale( &POSIX::LC_ALL, "de" );print "Locale: \"$loc\"\n";my $lconv = POSIX::localeconv();foreach my $property (qw(decimal_pointthousands_sepgroupingint_curr_symbolcurrency_symbolmon_decimal_pointmon_thousands_sepmon_groupingpositive_signnegative_signint_frac_digitsfrac_digitsp_cs_precedesp_sep_by_spacen_cs_precedesn_sep_by_spacep_sign_posnn_sign_posn)){printf qq(%s: "%s",\n),$property, $lconv->{$property};}

#localtime

This is identical to Perl's builtinlocaltime() function for converting seconds since the epoch to a date see"localtime" in perlfunc.

#log

This is identical to Perl's builtinlog() function, returning the natural (e-based) logarithm of the numerical argument, see"log" in perlfunc.

#log10

This is identical to the C functionlog10(), returning the 10-base logarithm of the numerical argument. You can also use

sub log10 { log($_[0]) / log(10) }

or

sub log10 { log($_[0]) / 2.30258509299405 }

or

sub log10 { log($_[0]) * 0.434294481903252 }

#longjmp

longjmp() is C-specific: use"die" in perlfunc instead.

#lseek

Move the file's read/write position. This uses file descriptors such as those obtained by callingPOSIX::open.

$fd = POSIX::open( "foo", &POSIX::O_RDONLY );$off_t = POSIX::lseek( $fd, 0, &POSIX::SEEK_SET );

Returnsundef on failure.

#malloc

malloc() is C-specific. Perl does memory management transparently.

#mblen

This is identical to the C functionmblen(). Perl does not have any support for the wide and multibyte characters of the C standards, so this might be a rather useless function.

#mbstowcs

This is identical to the C functionmbstowcs(). Perl does not have any support for the wide and multibyte characters of the C standards, so this might be a rather useless function.

#mbtowc

This is identical to the C functionmbtowc(). Perl does not have any support for the wide and multibyte characters of the C standards, so this might be a rather useless function.

#memchr

memchr() is C-specific, see"index" in perlfunc instead.

#memcmp

memcmp() is C-specific, useeq instead, seeperlop.

#memcpy

memcpy() is C-specific, use=, seeperlop, or see"substr" in perlfunc.

#memmove

memmove() is C-specific, use=, seeperlop, or see"substr" in perlfunc.

#memset

memset() is C-specific, usex instead, seeperlop.

#mkdir

This is identical to Perl's builtinmkdir() function for creating directories, see"mkdir" in perlfunc.

#mkfifo

This is similar to the C functionmkfifo() for creating FIFO special files.

if (mkfifo($path, $mode)) { ....

Returnsundef on failure. The$mode is similar to the mode ofmkdir(), see"mkdir" in perlfunc, though formkfifo youmust specify the$mode.

#mktime

Convert date/time info to a calendar time.

Synopsis:

mktime(sec, min, hour, mday, mon, year, wday = 0,       yday = 0, isdst = -1)

The month (mon), weekday (wday), and yearday (yday) begin at zero. I.e. January is 0, not 1; Sunday is 0, not 1; January 1st is 0, not 1. The year (year) is given in years since 1900. I.e. The year 1995 is 95; the year 2001 is 101. Consult your system'smktime() manpage for details about these and the other arguments.

Calendar time for December 12, 1995, at 10:30 am.

$time_t = POSIX::mktime( 0, 30, 10, 12, 11, 95 );print "Date = ", POSIX::ctime($time_t);

Returnsundef on failure.

#modf

Return the integral and fractional parts of a floating-point number.

($fractional, $integral) = POSIX::modf( 3.14 );

#nice

This is similar to the C functionnice(), for changing the scheduling preference of the current process. Positive arguments mean more polite process, negative values more needy process. Normal user processes can only be more polite.

Returnsundef on failure.

#offsetof

offsetof() is C-specific, you probably want to see"pack" in perlfunc instead.

#open

Open a file for reading for writing. This returns file descriptors, not Perl filehandles. UsePOSIX::close to close the file.

Open a file read-only with mode 0666.

$fd = POSIX::open( "foo" );

Open a file for read and write.

$fd = POSIX::open( "foo", &POSIX::O_RDWR );

Open a file for write, with truncation.

$fd = POSIX::open("foo", &POSIX::O_WRONLY | &POSIX::O_TRUNC);

Create a new file with mode 0640. Set up the file for writing.

$fd = POSIX::open("foo", &POSIX::O_CREAT | &POSIX::O_WRONLY, 0640);

Returnsundef on failure.

See also"sysopen" in perlfunc.

#opendir

Open a directory for reading.

$dir = POSIX::opendir( "/var" );@files = POSIX::readdir( $dir );POSIX::closedir( $dir );

Returnsundef on failure.

#pathconf

Retrieves the value of a configurable limit on a file or directory.

The following will determine the maximum length of the longest allowable pathname on the filesystem which holds/var.

$path_max = POSIX::pathconf( "/var",      &POSIX::_PC_PATH_MAX );

Returnsundef on failure.

#pause

This is similar to the C functionpause(), which suspends the execution of the current process until a signal is received.

Returnsundef on failure.

#perror

This is identical to the C functionperror(), which outputs to the standard error stream the specified message followed by": " and the current error string. Use thewarn() function and the$! variable instead, see"warn" in perlfunc and"$ERRNO" in perlvar.

#pipe

Create an interprocess channel. This returns file descriptors like those returned byPOSIX::open.

my ($read, $write) = POSIX::pipe();POSIX::write( $write, "hello", 5 );POSIX::read( $read, $buf, 5 );

See also"pipe" in perlfunc.

#pow

Computes$x raised to the power$exponent.

$ret = POSIX::pow( $x, $exponent );

You can also use the** operator, seeperlop.

#printf

Formats and prints the specified arguments to STDOUT. See also"printf" in perlfunc.

#putc

putc() is C-specific, see"print" in perlfunc instead.

#putchar

putchar() is C-specific, see"print" in perlfunc instead.

#puts

puts() is C-specific, see"print" in perlfunc instead.

#qsort

qsort() is C-specific, see"sort" in perlfunc instead.

#raise

Sends the specified signal to the current process. See also"kill" in perlfunc and the$$ in"$PID" in perlvar.

#rand

rand() is non-portable, see"rand" in perlfunc instead.

#read

Read from a file. This uses file descriptors such as those obtained by callingPOSIX::open. If the buffer$buf is not large enough for the read then Perl will extend it to make room for the request.

$fd = POSIX::open( "foo", &POSIX::O_RDONLY );$bytes = POSIX::read( $fd, $buf, 3 );

Returnsundef on failure.

See also"sysread" in perlfunc.

#readdir

This is identical to Perl's builtinreaddir() function for reading directory entries, see"readdir" in perlfunc.

#realloc

realloc() is C-specific. Perl does memory management transparently.

#remove

This is identical to Perl's builtinunlink() function for removing files, see"unlink" in perlfunc.

#rename

This is identical to Perl's builtinrename() function for renaming files, see"rename" in perlfunc.

#rewind

Seeks to the beginning of the file.

#rewinddir

This is identical to Perl's builtinrewinddir() function for rewinding directory entry streams, see"rewinddir" in perlfunc.

#rmdir

This is identical to Perl's builtinrmdir() function for removing (empty) directories, see"rmdir" in perlfunc.

#scanf

scanf() is C-specific, use <> and regular expressions instead, seeperlre.

#setgid

Sets the real group identifier and the effective group identifier for this process. Similar to assigning a value to the Perl's builtin$) variable, see"$EGID" in perlvar, except that the latter will change only the real user identifier, and that the setgid() uses only a single numeric argument, as opposed to a space-separated list of numbers.

#setjmp

setjmp() is C-specific: useeval {} instead, see"eval" in perlfunc.

#setlocale

Modifies and queries the program's underlying locale. Users of this function should readperllocale, whch provides a comprehensive discussion of Perl locale handling, knowledge of which is necessary to properly use this function. It containsa section devoted to this function. The discussion here is merely a summary reference forsetlocale(). Note that Perl itself is almost entirely unaffected by the locale except within the scope of"use locale". (Exceptions are listed in"Not within the scope of any "use locale" variant" in perllocale.)

The following examples assume

use POSIX qw(setlocale LC_ALL LC_CTYPE);

has been issued.

The following will set the traditional UNIX system locale behavior (the second argument"C").

$loc = setlocale( LC_ALL, "C" );

The following will query the currentLC_CTYPE category. (No second argument means 'query'.)

$loc = setlocale( LC_CTYPE );

The following will set theLC_CTYPE behaviour according to the locale environment variables (the second argument""). Please see your system'ssetlocale(3) documentation for the locale environment variables' meaning or consultperllocale.

$loc = setlocale( LC_CTYPE, "" );

The following will set theLC_COLLATE behaviour to Argentinian Spanish.NOTE: The naming and availability of locales depends on your operating system. Please consultperllocale for how to find out which locales are available in your system.

$loc = setlocale( LC_COLLATE, "es_AR.ISO8859-1" );

#setpgid

This is similar to the C functionsetpgid() for setting the process group identifier of the current process.

Returnsundef on failure.

#setsid

This is identical to the C functionsetsid() for setting the session identifier of the current process.

#setuid

Sets the real user identifier and the effective user identifier for this process. Similar to assigning a value to the Perl's builtin$< variable, see"$UID" in perlvar, except that the latter will change only the real user identifier.

#sigaction

Detailed signal management. This usesPOSIX::SigAction objects for theaction andoldaction arguments (the oldaction can also be just a hash reference). Consult your system'ssigaction manpage for details, see alsoPOSIX::SigRt.

Synopsis:

sigaction(signal, action, oldaction = 0)

Returnsundef on failure. Thesignal must be a number (likeSIGHUP), not a string (like"SIGHUP"), though Perl does try hard to understand you.

If you use theSA_SIGINFO flag, the signal handler will in addition to the first argument, the signal name, also receive a second argument, a hash reference, inside which are the following keys with the following semantics, as defined by POSIX/SUSv3:

signo       the signal numbererrno       the error numbercode        if this is zero or less, the signal was sent by            a user process and the uid and pid make sense,            otherwise the signal was sent by the kernel

The following are also defined by POSIX/SUSv3, but unfortunately not very widely implemented:

pid         the process id generating the signaluid         the uid of the process id generating the signalstatus      exit value or signal for SIGCHLDband        band event for SIGPOLL

A third argument is also passed to the handler, which contains a copy of the raw binary contents of thesiginfo structure: if a system has some non-POSIX fields, this third argument is where tounpack() them from.

Note that not allsiginfo values make sense simultaneously (some are valid only for certain signals, for example), and not all values make sense from Perl perspective, you should to consult your system'ssigaction and possibly alsosiginfo documentation.

#siglongjmp

siglongjmp() is C-specific: use"die" in perlfunc instead.

#sigpending

Examine signals that are blocked and pending. This usesPOSIX::SigSet objects for thesigset argument. Consult your system'ssigpending manpage for details.

Synopsis:

sigpending(sigset)

Returnsundef on failure.

#sigprocmask

Change and/or examine calling process's signal mask. This usesPOSIX::SigSet objects for thesigset andoldsigset arguments. Consult your system'ssigprocmask manpage for details.

Synopsis:

sigprocmask(how, sigset, oldsigset = 0)

Returnsundef on failure.

Note that you can't reliably block or unblock a signal from its own signal handler if you're using safe signals. Other signals can be blocked or unblocked reliably.

#sigsetjmp

sigsetjmp() is C-specific: useeval {} instead, see"eval" in perlfunc.

#sigsuspend

Install a signal mask and suspend process until signal arrives. This usesPOSIX::SigSet objects for thesignal_mask argument. Consult your system'ssigsuspend manpage for details.

Synopsis:

sigsuspend(signal_mask)

Returnsundef on failure.

#sin

This is identical to Perl's builtinsin() function for returning the sine of the numerical argument, see"sin" in perlfunc. See alsoMath::Trig.

#sinh

This is identical to the C functionsinh() for returning the hyperbolic sine of the numerical argument. See alsoMath::Trig.

#sleep

This is functionally identical to Perl's builtinsleep() function for suspending the execution of the current for process for certain number of seconds, see"sleep" in perlfunc. There is one significant difference, however:POSIX::sleep() returns the number ofunslept seconds, while theCORE::sleep() returns the number of slept seconds.

#sprintf

This is similar to Perl's builtinsprintf() function for returning a string that has the arguments formatted as requested, see"sprintf" in perlfunc.

#sqrt

This is identical to Perl's builtinsqrt() function. for returning the square root of the numerical argument, see"sqrt" in perlfunc.

#srand

Give a seed the pseudorandom number generator, see"srand" in perlfunc.

#sscanf

sscanf() is C-specific, use regular expressions instead, seeperlre.

#stat

This is identical to Perl's builtinstat() function for returning information about files and directories.

#strcat

strcat() is C-specific, use.= instead, seeperlop.

#strchr

strchr() is C-specific, see"index" in perlfunc instead.

#strcmp

strcmp() is C-specific, useeq orcmp instead, seeperlop.

#strcoll

This is identical to the C functionstrcoll() for collating (comparing) strings transformed using thestrxfrm() function. Not really needed since Perl can do this transparently, seeperllocale.

#strcpy

strcpy() is C-specific, use= instead, seeperlop.

#strcspn

strcspn() is C-specific, use regular expressions instead, seeperlre.

#strerror

Returns the error string for the specified errno. Identical to the string form of the$!, see"$ERRNO" in perlvar.

#strftime

Convert date and time information to string. Returns the string.

Synopsis:

strftime(fmt, sec, min, hour, mday, mon, year, wday = -1, yday = -1, isdst = -1)

The month (mon), weekday (wday), and yearday (yday) begin at zero. I.e. January is 0, not 1; Sunday is 0, not 1; January 1st is 0, not 1. The year (year) is given in years since 1900. I.e., the year 1995 is 95; the year 2001 is 101. Consult your system'sstrftime() manpage for details about these and the other arguments.

If you want your code to be portable, your format (fmt) argument should use only the conversion specifiers defined by the ANSI C standard (C89, to play safe). These areaAbBcdHIjmMpSUwWxXyYZ%. But even then, theresults of some of the conversion specifiers are non-portable. For example, the specifiersaAbBcpZ change according to the locale settings of the user, and both how to set locales (the locale names) and what output to expect are non-standard. The specifierc changes according to the timezone settings of the user and the timezone computation rules of the operating system. TheZ specifier is notoriously unportable since the names of timezones are non-standard. Sticking to the numeric specifiers is the safest route.

The given arguments are made consistent as though by callingmktime() before calling your system'sstrftime() function, except that theisdst value is not affected.

The string for Tuesday, December 12, 1995.

$str = POSIX::strftime( "%A, %B %d, %Y", 0, 0, 0, 12, 11, 95, 2 );print "$str\n";

#strlen

strlen() is C-specific, uselength() instead, see"length" in perlfunc.

#strncat

strncat() is C-specific, use.= instead, seeperlop.

#strncmp

strncmp() is C-specific, useeq instead, seeperlop.

#strncpy

strncpy() is C-specific, use= instead, seeperlop.

#strpbrk

strpbrk() is C-specific, use regular expressions instead, seeperlre.

#strrchr

strrchr() is C-specific, see"rindex" in perlfunc instead.

#strspn

strspn() is C-specific, use regular expressions instead, seeperlre.

#strstr

This is identical to Perl's builtinindex() function, see"index" in perlfunc.

#strtod

String to double translation. Returns the parsed number and the number of characters in the unparsed portion of the string. Truly POSIX-compliant systems set$! ($ERRNO) to indicate a translation error, so clear$! before calling strtod. However, non-POSIX systems may not check for overflow, and therefore will never set$!.

strtod respects any POSIXsetlocale()LC_TIME settings, regardless of whether or not it is called from Perl code that is within the scope ofuse locale.

To parse a string$str as a floating point number use

$! = 0;($num, $n_unparsed) = POSIX::strtod($str);

The second returned item and$! can be used to check for valid input:

if (($str eq '') || ($n_unparsed != 0) || $!) {    die "Non-numeric input $str" . ($! ? ": $!\n" : "\n");}

When called in a scalar context strtod returns the parsed number.

#strtok

strtok() is C-specific, use regular expressions instead, seeperlre, or"split" in perlfunc.

#strtol

String to (long) integer translation. Returns the parsed number and the number of characters in the unparsed portion of the string. Truly POSIX-compliant systems set$! ($ERRNO) to indicate a translation error, so clear$! before callingstrtol. However, non-POSIX systems may not check for overflow, and therefore will never set$!.

strtol should respect any POSIXsetlocale() settings.

To parse a string$str as a number in some base$base use

$! = 0;($num, $n_unparsed) = POSIX::strtol($str, $base);

The base should be zero or between 2 and 36, inclusive. When the base is zero or omitted strtol will use the string itself to determine the base: a leading "0x" or "0X" means hexadecimal; a leading "0" means octal; any other leading characters mean decimal. Thus, "1234" is parsed as a decimal number, "01234" as an octal number, and "0x1234" as a hexadecimal number.

The second returned item and$! can be used to check for valid input:

if (($str eq '') || ($n_unparsed != 0) || !$!) {    die "Non-numeric input $str" . $! ? ": $!\n" : "\n";}

When called in a scalar context strtol returns the parsed number.

#strtoul

String to unsigned (long) integer translation.strtoul() is identical tostrtol() except thatstrtoul() only parses unsigned integers. See"strtol" for details.

Note: Some vendors supplystrtod() andstrtol() but notstrtoul(). Other vendors that do supplystrtoul() parse "-1" as a valid value.

#strxfrm

String transformation. Returns the transformed string.

$dst = POSIX::strxfrm( $src );

Used in conjunction with thestrcoll() function, see"strcoll".

Not really needed since Perl can do this transparently, seeperllocale.

#sysconf

Retrieves values of system configurable variables.

The following will get the machine's clock speed.

$clock_ticks = POSIX::sysconf( &POSIX::_SC_CLK_TCK );

Returnsundef on failure.

#system

This is identical to Perl's builtinsystem() function, see"system" in perlfunc.

#tan

This is identical to the C functiontan(), returning the tangent of the numerical argument. See alsoMath::Trig.

#tanh

This is identical to the C functiontanh(), returning the hyperbolic tangent of the numerical argument. See alsoMath::Trig.

#tcdrain

This is similar to the C functiontcdrain() for draining the output queue of its argument stream.

Returnsundef on failure.

#tcflow

This is similar to the C functiontcflow() for controlling the flow of its argument stream.

Returnsundef on failure.

#tcflush

This is similar to the C functiontcflush() for flushing the I/O buffers of its argument stream.

Returnsundef on failure.

#tcgetpgrp

This is identical to the C functiontcgetpgrp() for returning the process group identifier of the foreground process group of the controlling terminal.

#tcsendbreak

This is similar to the C functiontcsendbreak() for sending a break on its argument stream.

Returnsundef on failure.

#tcsetpgrp

This is similar to the C functiontcsetpgrp() for setting the process group identifier of the foreground process group of the controlling terminal.

Returnsundef on failure.

#time

This is identical to Perl's builtintime() function for returning the number of seconds since the epoch (whatever it is for the system), see"time" in perlfunc.

#times

Thetimes() function returns elapsed realtime since some point in the past (such as system startup), user and system times for this process, and user and system times used by child processes. All times are returned in clock ticks.

    ($realtime, $user, $system, $cuser, $csystem) = POSIX::times();

Note: Perl's builtintimes() function returns four values, measured in seconds.

#tmpfile

Use methodIO::File::new_tmpfile() instead, or seeFile::Temp.

#tmpnam

Returns a name for a temporary file.

$tmpfile = POSIX::tmpnam();

For security reasons, which are probably detailed in your system's documentation for the C librarytmpnam() function, this interface should not be used; instead seeFile::Temp.

#tolower

This is identical to the C function, except that it can apply to a single character or to a whole string. Consider using thelc() function, see"lc" in perlfunc, or the equivalent\L operator inside doublequotish strings.

#toupper

This is identical to the C function, except that it can apply to a single character or to a whole string. Consider using theuc() function, see"uc" in perlfunc, or the equivalent\U operator inside doublequotish strings.

#ttyname

This is identical to the C functionttyname() for returning the name of the current terminal.

#tzname

Retrieves the time conversion information from thetzname variable.

POSIX::tzset();($std, $dst) = POSIX::tzname();

#tzset

This is identical to the C functiontzset() for setting the current timezone based on the environment variableTZ, to be used byctime(),localtime(),mktime(), andstrftime() functions.

#umask

This is identical to Perl's builtinumask() function for setting (and querying) the file creation permission mask, see"umask" in perlfunc.

#uname

Get name of current operating system.

($sysname, $nodename, $release, $version, $machine)= POSIX::uname();

Note that the actual meanings of the various fields are not that well standardized, do not expect any great portability. The$sysname might be the name of the operating system, the$nodename might be the name of the host, the$release might be the (major) release number of the operating system, the$version might be the (minor) release number of the operating system, and the$machine might be a hardware identifier. Maybe.

#ungetc

Use methodIO::Handle::ungetc() instead.

#unlink

This is identical to Perl's builtinunlink() function for removing files, see"unlink" in perlfunc.

#utime

This is identical to Perl's builtinutime() function for changing the time stamps of files and directories, see"utime" in perlfunc.

#vfprintf

vfprintf() is C-specific, see"printf" in perlfunc instead.

#vprintf

vprintf() is C-specific, see"printf" in perlfunc instead.

#vsprintf

vsprintf() is C-specific, see"sprintf" in perlfunc instead.

#wait

This is identical to Perl's builtinwait() function, see"wait" in perlfunc.

#waitpid

Wait for a child process to change state. This is identical to Perl's builtinwaitpid() function, see"waitpid" in perlfunc.

$pid = POSIX::waitpid( -1, POSIX::WNOHANG );print "status = ", ($? / 256), "\n";

#wcstombs

This is identical to the C functionwcstombs(). Perl does not have any support for the wide and multibyte characters of the C standards, so this might be a rather useless function.

#wctomb

This is identical to the C functionwctomb(). Perl does not have any support for the wide and multibyte characters of the C standards, so this might be a rather useless function.

#write

Write to a file. This uses file descriptors such as those obtained by callingPOSIX::open.

$fd = POSIX::open( "foo", &POSIX::O_WRONLY );$buf = "hello";$bytes = POSIX::write( $fd, $buf, 5 );

Returnsundef on failure.

See also"syswrite" in perlfunc.

#CLASSES

#POSIX::SigAction

#new

Creates a newPOSIX::SigAction object which corresponds to the Cstruct sigaction. This object will be destroyed automatically when it is no longer needed. The first parameter is the handler, a sub reference. The second parameter is aPOSIX::SigSet object, it defaults to the empty set. The third parameter contains thesa_flags, it defaults to 0.

$sigset = POSIX::SigSet->new(SIGINT, SIGQUIT);$sigaction = POSIX::SigAction->new(\&handler, $sigset, &POSIX::SA_NOCLDSTOP     );

ThisPOSIX::SigAction object is intended for use with thePOSIX::sigaction() function.

#handler

#mask

#flags

accessor functions to get/set the values of a SigAction object.

$sigset = $sigaction->mask;$sigaction->flags(&POSIX::SA_RESTART);

#safe

accessor function for the "safe signals" flag of a SigAction object; seeperlipc for general information on safe (a.k.a. "deferred") signals. If you wish to handle a signal safely, use this accessor to set the "safe" flag in thePOSIX::SigAction object:

$sigaction->safe(1);

You may also examine the "safe" flag on the output action object which is filled in when given as the third parameter toPOSIX::sigaction():

sigaction(SIGINT, $new_action, $old_action);if ($old_action->safe) {    # previous SIGINT handler used safe signals}

#POSIX::SigRt

#%SIGRT

A hash of the POSIX realtime signal handlers. It is an extension of the standard%SIG, the$POSIX::SIGRT{SIGRTMIN} is roughly equivalent to$SIG{SIGRTMIN}, but the right POSIX moves (see below) are made with thePOSIX::SigSet andPOSIX::sigaction instead of accessing the%SIG.

You can set the%POSIX::SIGRT elements to set the POSIX realtime signal handlers, usedelete andexists on the elements, and usescalar on the%POSIX::SIGRT to find out how many POSIX realtime signals there are available(SIGRTMAX - SIGRTMIN + 1, theSIGRTMAX is a valid POSIX realtime signal).

Setting the%SIGRT elements is equivalent to calling this:

sub new {  my ($rtsig, $handler, $flags) = @_;  my $sigset = POSIX::SigSet($rtsig);  my $sigact = POSIX::SigAction->new($handler,$sigset,$flags);  sigaction($rtsig, $sigact);}

The flags default to zero, if you want something different you can either uselocal on$POSIX::SigRt::SIGACTION_FLAGS, or you can derive from POSIX::SigRt and define your ownnew() (the tied hash STORE method of the%SIGRT callsnew($rtsig, $handler, $SIGACTION_FLAGS), where the$rtsig ranges from zero toSIGRTMAX - SIGRTMIN + 1).

Just as with any signal, you can usesigaction($rtsig, undef, $oa) to retrieve the installed signal handler (or, rather, the signal action).

NOTE: whether POSIX realtime signals really work in your system, or whether Perl has been compiled so that it works with them, is outside of this discussion.

#SIGRTMIN

Return the minimum POSIX realtime signal number available, orundef if no POSIX realtime signals are available.

#SIGRTMAX

Return the maximum POSIX realtime signal number available, orundef if no POSIX realtime signals are available.

#POSIX::SigSet

#new

Create a new SigSet object. This object will be destroyed automatically when it is no longer needed. Arguments may be supplied to initialize the set.

Create an empty set.

$sigset = POSIX::SigSet->new;

Create a set withSIGUSR1.

$sigset = POSIX::SigSet->new( &POSIX::SIGUSR1 );

#addset

Add a signal to a SigSet object.

$sigset->addset( &POSIX::SIGUSR2 );

Returnsundef on failure.

#delset

Remove a signal from the SigSet object.

$sigset->delset( &POSIX::SIGUSR2 );

Returnsundef on failure.

#emptyset

Initialize the SigSet object to be empty.

$sigset->emptyset();

Returnsundef on failure.

#fillset

Initialize the SigSet object to include all signals.

$sigset->fillset();

Returnsundef on failure.

#ismember

Tests the SigSet object to see if it contains a specific signal.

if( $sigset->ismember( &POSIX::SIGUSR1 ) ){print "contains SIGUSR1\n";}

#POSIX::Termios

#new

Create a new Termios object. This object will be destroyed automatically when it is no longer needed. A Termios object corresponds to the termios C struct.new() mallocs a new one,getattr() fills it from a file descriptor, andsetattr() sets a file descriptor's parameters to match Termios' contents.

$termios = POSIX::Termios->new;

#getattr

Get terminal control attributes.

Obtain the attributes for stdin.

$termios->getattr( 0 ) # Recommended for clarity.$termios->getattr()

Obtain the attributes for stdout.

$termios->getattr( 1 )

Returnsundef on failure.

#getcc

Retrieve a value from the c_cc field of a termios object. The c_cc field is an array so an index must be specified.

$c_cc[1] = $termios->getcc(1);

#getcflag

Retrieve the c_cflag field of a termios object.

$c_cflag = $termios->getcflag;

#getiflag

Retrieve the c_iflag field of a termios object.

$c_iflag = $termios->getiflag;

#getispeed

Retrieve the input baud rate.

$ispeed = $termios->getispeed;

#getlflag

Retrieve the c_lflag field of a termios object.

$c_lflag = $termios->getlflag;

#getoflag

Retrieve the c_oflag field of a termios object.

$c_oflag = $termios->getoflag;

#getospeed

Retrieve the output baud rate.

$ospeed = $termios->getospeed;

#setattr

Set terminal control attributes.

Set attributes immediately for stdout.

$termios->setattr( 1, &POSIX::TCSANOW );

Returnsundef on failure.

#setcc

Set a value in the c_cc field of a termios object. The c_cc field is an array so an index must be specified.

$termios->setcc( &POSIX::VEOF, 1 );

#setcflag

Set the c_cflag field of a termios object.

$termios->setcflag( $c_cflag | &POSIX::CLOCAL );

#setiflag

Set the c_iflag field of a termios object.

$termios->setiflag( $c_iflag | &POSIX::BRKINT );

#setispeed

Set the input baud rate.

$termios->setispeed( &POSIX::B9600 );

Returnsundef on failure.

#setlflag

Set the c_lflag field of a termios object.

$termios->setlflag( $c_lflag | &POSIX::ECHO );

#setoflag

Set the c_oflag field of a termios object.

$termios->setoflag( $c_oflag | &POSIX::OPOST );

#setospeed

Set the output baud rate.

$termios->setospeed( &POSIX::B9600 );

Returnsundef on failure.

#Baud rate values

B38400B75B200B134B300B1800B150B0B19200B1200B9600B600B4800B50B2400B110

#Terminal interface values

TCSADRAINTCSANOWTCOONTCIOFLUSHTCOFLUSHTCIONTCIFLUSHTCSAFLUSHTCIOFFTCOOFF

#c_cc field values

VEOFVEOLVERASEVINTRVKILLVQUITVSUSPVSTARTVSTOPVMINVTIMENCCS

#c_cflag field values

CLOCALCREADCSIZECS5CS6CS7CS8CSTOPBHUPCLPARENBPARODD

#c_iflag field values

BRKINTICRNLIGNBRKIGNCRIGNPARINLCRINPCKISTRIPIXOFFIXONPARMRK

#c_lflag field values

ECHOECHOEECHOKECHONLICANONIEXTENISIGNOFLSHTOSTOP

#c_oflag field values

OPOST

#PATHNAME CONSTANTS

#Constants

_PC_CHOWN_RESTRICTED_PC_LINK_MAX_PC_MAX_CANON_PC_MAX_INPUT_PC_NAME_MAX_PC_NO_TRUNC_PC_PATH_MAX_PC_PIPE_BUF_PC_VDISABLE

#POSIX CONSTANTS

#Constants

_POSIX_ARG_MAX_POSIX_CHILD_MAX_POSIX_CHOWN_RESTRICTED_POSIX_JOB_CONTROL_POSIX_LINK_MAX_POSIX_MAX_CANON_POSIX_MAX_INPUT_POSIX_NAME_MAX_POSIX_NGROUPS_MAX_POSIX_NO_TRUNC_POSIX_OPEN_MAX_POSIX_PATH_MAX_POSIX_PIPE_BUF_POSIX_SAVED_IDS_POSIX_SSIZE_MAX_POSIX_STREAM_MAX_POSIX_TZNAME_MAX_POSIX_VDISABLE_POSIX_VERSION

#SYSTEM CONFIGURATION

#Constants

_SC_ARG_MAX_SC_CHILD_MAX_SC_CLK_TCK_SC_JOB_CONTROL_SC_NGROUPS_MAX_SC_OPEN_MAX_SC_PAGESIZE_SC_SAVED_IDS_SC_STREAM_MAX_SC_TZNAME_MAX_SC_VERSION

#ERRNO

#Constants

E2BIGEACCESEADDRINUSEEADDRNOTAVAILEAFNOSUPPORTEAGAINEALREADYEBADFEBADMSGEBUSYECANCELEDECHILDECONNABORTEDECONNREFUSEDECONNRESETEDEADLKEDESTADDRREQEDOMEDQUOTEEXISTEFAULTEFBIGEHOSTDOWNEHOSTUNREACHEIDRMEILSEQEINPROGRESSEINTREINVALEIOEISCONNEISDIRELOOPEMFILEEMLINKEMSGSIZEENAMETOOLONGENETDOWNENETRESETENETUNREACHENFILEENOBUFSENODATAENODEVENOENTENOEXECENOLCKENOLINKENOMEMENOMSGENOPROTOOPTENOSPCENOSRENOSTRENOSYSENOTBLKENOTCONNENOTDIRENOTEMPTYENOTRECOVERABLEENOTSOCKENOTSUPENOTTYENXIOEOPNOTSUPPEOTHEREOVERFLOWEOWNERDEADEPERMEPFNOSUPPORTEPIPEEPROCLIMEPROTOEPROTONOSUPPORTEPROTOTYPEERANGEEREMOTEERESTARTEROFSESHUTDOWNESOCKTNOSUPPORTESPIPEESRCHESTALEETIMEETIMEDOUTETOOMANYREFSETXTBSYEUSERSEWOULDBLOCKEXDEV

#FCNTL

#Constants

FD_CLOEXECF_DUPFDF_GETFDF_GETFLF_GETLKF_OKF_RDLCKF_SETFDF_SETFLF_SETLKF_SETLKWF_UNLCKF_WRLCKO_ACCMODEO_APPENDO_CREATO_EXCLO_NOCTTYO_NONBLOCKO_RDONLYO_RDWRO_TRUNCO_WRONLY

#FLOAT

#Constants

DBL_DIGDBL_EPSILONDBL_MANT_DIGDBL_MAXDBL_MAX_10_EXPDBL_MAX_EXPDBL_MINDBL_MIN_10_EXPDBL_MIN_EXPFLT_DIGFLT_EPSILONFLT_MANT_DIGFLT_MAXFLT_MAX_10_EXPFLT_MAX_EXPFLT_MINFLT_MIN_10_EXPFLT_MIN_EXPFLT_RADIXFLT_ROUNDSLDBL_DIGLDBL_EPSILONLDBL_MANT_DIGLDBL_MAXLDBL_MAX_10_EXPLDBL_MAX_EXPLDBL_MINLDBL_MIN_10_EXPLDBL_MIN_EXP

#LIMITS

#Constants

ARG_MAXCHAR_BITCHAR_MAXCHAR_MINCHILD_MAXINT_MAXINT_MINLINK_MAXLONG_MAXLONG_MINMAX_CANONMAX_INPUTMB_LEN_MAXNAME_MAXNGROUPS_MAXOPEN_MAXPATH_MAXPIPE_BUFSCHAR_MAXSCHAR_MINSHRT_MAXSHRT_MINSSIZE_MAXSTREAM_MAXTZNAME_MAXUCHAR_MAXUINT_MAXULONG_MAXUSHRT_MAX

#LOCALE

#Constants

LC_ALLLC_COLLATELC_CTYPELC_MONETARYLC_NUMERICLC_TIME

#MATH

#Constants

HUGE_VAL

#SIGNAL

#Constants

SA_NOCLDSTOPSA_NOCLDWAITSA_NODEFERSA_ONSTACKSA_RESETHANDSA_RESTARTSA_SIGINFOSIGABRTSIGALRMSIGCHLDSIGCONTSIGFPESIGHUPSIGILLSIGINTSIGKILLSIGPIPESIGQUITSIGSEGVSIGSTOPSIGTERMSIGTSTPSIGTTINSIGTTOUSIGUSR1SIGUSR2SIG_BLOCKSIG_DFLSIG_ERRSIG_IGNSIG_SETMASKSIG_UNBLOCK

#STAT

#Constants

S_IRGRPS_IROTHS_IRUSRS_IRWXGS_IRWXOS_IRWXUS_ISGIDS_ISUIDS_IWGRPS_IWOTHS_IWUSRS_IXGRPS_IXOTHS_IXUSR

#Macros

S_ISBLKS_ISCHRS_ISDIRS_ISFIFOS_ISREG

#STDLIB

#Constants

EXIT_FAILUREEXIT_SUCCESSMB_CUR_MAXRAND_MAX

#STDIO

#Constants

BUFSIZEOFFILENAME_MAXL_ctermidL_cuseridL_tmpnameTMP_MAX

#TIME

#Constants

CLK_TCKCLOCKS_PER_SEC

#UNISTD

#Constants

R_OKSEEK_CURSEEK_ENDSEEK_SETSTDIN_FILENOSTDOUT_FILENOSTDERR_FILENOW_OKX_OK

#WAIT

#Constants

WNOHANGWUNTRACED

#WNOHANG

Do not suspend the calling process until a child process changes state but instead return immediately.

#WUNTRACED

Catch stopped child processes.

#Macros

WIFEXITEDWEXITSTATUSWIFSIGNALEDWTERMSIGWIFSTOPPEDWSTOPSIG

#WIFEXITED

WIFEXITED(${^CHILD_ERROR_NATIVE}) returns true if the child process exited normally (exit() or by falling off the end ofmain())

#WEXITSTATUS

WEXITSTATUS(${^CHILD_ERROR_NATIVE}) returns the normal exit status of the child process (only meaningful ifWIFEXITED(${^CHILD_ERROR_NATIVE}) is true)

#WIFSIGNALED

WIFSIGNALED(${^CHILD_ERROR_NATIVE}) returns true if the child process terminated because of a signal

#WTERMSIG

WTERMSIG(${^CHILD_ERROR_NATIVE}) returns the signal the child process terminated for (only meaningful ifWIFSIGNALED(${^CHILD_ERROR_NATIVE}) is true)

#WIFSTOPPED

WIFSTOPPED(${^CHILD_ERROR_NATIVE}) returns true if the child process is currently stopped (can happen only if you specified the WUNTRACED flag towaitpid())

#WSTOPSIG

WSTOPSIG(${^CHILD_ERROR_NATIVE}) returns the signal the child process was stopped for (only meaningful ifWIFSTOPPED(${^CHILD_ERROR_NATIVE}) is true)

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