WO2025119873A1 - Composition comprising an alkyd-poly(alkyl)acrylate copolymer, and process for treating keratin materials using the composition - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to novel alkyd-poly(alkyl)acrylate copolymers i), to the process for preparing them, to a composition, notably a cosmetic composition, comprising at least one alkyd-poly(alkyl)acrylate copolymer i), and to a process for treating keratin materials, notably human keratin materials such as the skin or the hair, involving the application to said materials of at least one alkyd-poly(alkyl)acrylate copolymer i) or of a composition comprising at least one alkyd-poly(alkyl)acrylate copolymer i).

Description

Description Title: COMPOSITION COMPRISING AN ALKYD-POLY(ALKYL)ACRYLATE COPOLYMER, AND PROCESS FOR TREATING KERATIN MATERIALS USING THE COMPOSITION [0001] The present invention relates to novel alkyd-poly(alkyl)acrylate copolymers i), to the process for preparing them, to a composition, notably a cosmetic composition, comprising at least one alkyd-poly(alkyl)acrylate copolymer i), and to a process for treating keratin materials, notably human keratin materials such as the skin or the hair, involving the application to said materials of at least one alkyd-poly(alkyl)acrylate copolymer i) or of a composition comprising at least one alkyd-poly(alkyl)acrylate copolymer i). Technical field [0002] Cosmetic products often require the use of a film-forming polymer to obtain a deposit of the product on keratin materials that has good cosmetic properties. In particular, it is necessary for the film-forming deposit to have good persistence, in particular for the deposit not to transfer during contact with the fingers or clothing, and also good persistence on contact with water, notably rain or during showering and for the deposit to be insensitive to perspiration or sebum, and also food fats, notably dietary fats such as oils. [0003] It is known practice to use alkyd resins modified with acrylic units and a primer coating agent for thin films of inorganic materials (EP 3428206). It is also known practice to use polyesters modified with acrylic groups, prepared by grafting acrylate monomer onto a polyester-type prepolymer (see, for example, US 2021/130524 and WO 2018/111854). None of these documents describes the use of this type of material in cosmetics. [0004] Moreover, WO 2010/046 229 describes dispersions in isododecane of acrylic polymers stabilized with stabilizing polymers. [0005] FR 1 362 795 describes the use of dispersions of surface-stabilized polymer particles containing hydrocarbon-based oils for making up the lips and the eyelashes. Dispersions exist of polymer particles stabilized with at least one stabilizer which is a C₈ alkyl (meth)acrylate homopolymer or a copolymer of C₈ alkyl (2-ethylhexyl) (meth)acrylate and of C₁-C₄ alkyl (meth)acrylate. These dispersions are not always satisfactory in terms of resistance to fatty substances or sebum, which may be a curb on their use in lip makeup, for example (FR 3029786). Furthermore, some of these dispersions may have a feel that is considered too “tacky” after application to the keratin materials, which may be prohibitive for certain applications such as lip or eyelash makeup. [0006] However, these documents do not describe the incorporation of alkyds into their polymers. [0007] Alkyd resins are best known for their use in industrial paints. Alkyds have also been used in cosmetics, notably in makeup and nail varnish (see, for example, FR 2879920 A1, US 2006/0140702). On the other hand DE 10000807 is interested in crosslinked polymers that do not harden too quickly when used on hair in the presence of near-infrared (NIR) radiation with a maximum emission in the wavelength range of 600 nm to 1500 nm, during or after application. WO 2009/007652 describes polycondensates resulting in particular from the reaction of polyols, non-aromatic polyunsaturated conjugated monocarboxylic acids comprising 6 to 32 carbon atoms. These polymers are not unsaturated and do not comprise long-chain aliphatic or cyclic groups. Another document WO 2004/028492 describes mascaras comprising polymers of poly(isobornyl acrylate/isobutyl ethylhexyl methacrylate) which are not alkyds.[0008] Certain alkyd-poly(alkyl)acrylate copolymer(s) are particularly advantageous as they have structures including more than 50% renewable carbon. Such alkyd- poly(alkyl)acrylates are also potentially biodegradable. Nevertheless, for cosmetic applications, it is necessary to be able to convey these polymers in a fatty substance, notably in a hydrocarbon-based medium that is liquid at 25°C and 1 atmosphere, such as isododecane. In addition, the compositions must remain stable over time, even after several months of storage, at a temperature such as 20°C. [0009] In the field of dyeing keratin materials, it is known practice to dye keratin fibres via various techniques using direct dyes for non-permanent dyeing, or dye precursors for permanent dyeing, or using pigments when it is a matter of making up keratin fibres such as the eyelashes, the eyebrows and the hair. However, the persistence of the dyes and/or pigments notably with respect to external attacking factors, water, shampoo, and/or sebum and oils is not always satisfactory over time. [0010] In terms of solubility, the polymers of the prior art are not always satisfactory in terms of solubility in fatty substances, notably in liquid fatty substances such as oils, notably at a temperature of between 5°C and 25°C. [0011] It is also advantageous to provide an easy-to-use process using a cosmetic composition which can also incorporate one or more cosmetic active agents, notably comprising one or more UV screening agents, and/or one or more dyestuffs such as pigments or direct dyes. It would also be advantageous for the cosmetic composition to be stable on storage, notably for several months at a temperature such as 20°C. [0012] Another aim of the present invention is to provide a composition for treating keratin materials, in particular the skin, preferably human skin and more preferentially facial skin, which is adhesive and if possible non-tacky, which has good persistence with respect to external attacking factors, and over time, does not leach, and is resistant to sweat and sebum and insensitive to oils such as dietary oils. Furthermore, the composition may comprise cosmetic active agents such as those for obtaining a skin-tensioning effect, for caring for the body, the face and the hair, for protecting against ultraviolet (UV), or for making up the face, the lips, the eyelashes, the eyebrows and the hair. Said composition may notably be intended for care and/or makeup, notably for making up the lips. [0013] Another aim of the present invention is to provide a composition for treating keratin fibres, in particular human keratin fibres such as the hair, which is adhesive and, if possible, non-tacky, with good persistence with respect to external attacking factors, and over time, and which does not bleed. When the composition comprises one or more pigments and/or dyes, the colours remain persistent notably in terms of chromaticity even after several washes. Such a hair composition could also comprise one or more cosmetic active agents such as dyestuffs, UV screening agents and active agents for caring for keratin fibres, without impairing the stability of the formulation and/or the properties of said cosmetic active agents. [0014] It is also desired to obtain polymeric materials which, when applied to the substrate, have elastic, flexible mechanical strength properties, and which can conform to the surface and which, when applied and the substrate is stretched or in motion, do not visually streak giving the appearance of “peeling”. It would be advantageous if said materials could be sufficiently affine with the substrate so that they do not detach from the substrate readily. [0015] These technical problems have been resolved by the use of a composition, notably a cosmetic composition, for treating keratin materials, in particular α) keratin fibres, notably human keratin fibres such as the hair, the eyelashes and/or the eyebrows or β) human skin, in particular the lips, which comprises: [0016] i) one or more alkyd-poly(alkyl)acrylate copolymers derived from the polycondensation of: a) one or more organic compounds comprising at least two carboxylic groups -C(O)-OH and/or at least one anhydride group -C(O)-O-C(O)-; and b) one or more organic polyols; and c) one or more organic monocarboxylic acids including an unsaturated, linear or branched hydrocarbon-based chain, said acid(s) being optionally substituted with one or more hydroxyl groups, preferably said acid(s) being unsubstituted; and d) optionally one or more organic monocarboxylic acids different from c), particularly organic monocarboxylic acid(s) including a saturated, linear or branched hydrocarbon-based chain; and e) one or more monomers chosen from: e1) (C₈-C₂₂)alkyl (C₁-C₆)(alkyl)acrylate, preferably (C₈-C₂₂)alkyl (meth)acrylate; and e2) (C₃-C₁₂)cycloalkyl (C₁-C₆)(alkyl)acrylate, preferably (C₃-C₁₂)cycloalkyl (meth)acrylate; and f) optionally one or more (C₁-C₄)alkyl (C₁-C₆)(alkyl)acrylate monomers, preferably (C₁-C₄)alkyl (meth)acrylate monomers; and ii) optionally one or more hydrocarbon-based fatty substances, which are preferably liquid at room temperature (25°C) and atmospheric pressure, more preferentially the hydrocarbon- based fatty substance(s) are chosen from volatile oils; and iii) optionally one or more organic solvents different from b); and iv) optionally one or more cosmetic active agents chosen from g) dyes, h) pigments; i) active agents for caring for keratin materials, notably the skin, j) UV (A) and/or (B) screening agents, or k) mixtures of g) to j), preferably chosen from g) dyes and h) pigments, better still h) pigments. [0017] More particularly, the subject of the invention relates to the use of the composition as defined previously for treating keratin materials, notably human keratin materials such as the hair, the eyelashes, the eyebrows or the skin, preferably for dyeing keratin fibres and/or for shaping keratin fibres such as the hair, or for making up the skin or for skincare. [0018] A subject of the invention is also the preferably cosmetic composition as defined previously. [0019] Another subject of the invention is a composition, preferably a cosmetic composition, comprising one or more alkyd-poly(alkyl)acrylate copolymers i) as defined previously, and iv) one or more active agents as defined previously, preferably chosen from g) dyes and h) pigments, more preferably h) pigments, and optionally one or more fatty substances ii) as defined previously, notably chosen from volatile oils, and optionally one or more organic solvents other than b). [0020] A subject of the invention is also a process for treating keratin materials, preferably α) keratin fibres, notably human keratin fibres such as the hair, the eyelashes or the eyebrows, or β) human skin, in particular the lips, comprising the application to said materials of the composition as defined previously. [0021] Preferably, the application of the composition of the invention is carried out in daylight, and/or under typical domestic ambient lighting. According to one embodiment of the invention, the process do not carry out, as the sole source of radiation, near-infrared irradiation with a maximum emission in the wavelength range of 600 nm to 1500 nm, in particular from 750 to 1100 nm, during or after application to the keratin materials. [0022] A subject of the invention is also the use of a composition as defined previously for treating keratin materials, notably α) keratin fibres, notably human keratin fibres such as the eyelashes or the eyebrows, or β) human skin, in particular the lips, comprising the application to said materials of at least one composition, for caring for the skin and/or for making up the skin. Preferably the use according to the invention does not carry out, as the sole source of radiation, near-infrared irradiation with a maximum emission in the wavelength range of 600 nm to 1500 nm, in particular from 750 to 1100 nm, during or after application to the keratin materials. [0023] A subject of the invention is also alkyd-poly(alkyl)acrylate copolymer(s) resulting from the polycondensation of: a), and b), and c), and e) and optionally d) and optionally f), with a) to f) as defined previously. [0024] Furthermore, after application of the composition to keratin materials, notably keratin fibres, after forming into shape, the persistence of the fibre shape remains even after several shampoo washes. In addition, after application of the composition to keratin materials, in particular keratin fibres, when the composition comprises one or more dyes and/or pigments, the colouring on said materials is persistent, in particular with respect to oils, water and sebum. [0025] The composition and the process for treating keratin materials as defined above make it possible to obtain a treatment for said materials which is notably resistant to shampoo washing, to sebum, to sweat and/or to water, but also to fatty substances, notably dietary fatty substances such as oils. Furthermore, the composition is easy to use in compositions, notably cosmetic compositions, is easy to manufacture and remains stable over time. Specifically, the composition of the invention makes it possible to obtain deposits of polymer materials on the substrate that are very resistant to external attacking factors, notably to sebum and to the fatty substances found in food, in particular liquid fatty substances such as plant oils and in particular olive oil. It appears that the makeup produced with at least one composition notably for making up the lips is particularly resistant to external attacking factors such as liquid fatty substances, in particular with respect to plant oils such as olive oil. Furthermore, the makeup results obtained with the composition of the invention are very esthetic and glossy. These compositions of polymer particles are found at a high solids content in the hydrocarbon-based liquid fatty substance(s) ii). It appears that the application of the compositions of the invention to keratin fibres makes it possible to obtain coatings that are persistent with respect to external attacking factors (water, shampoo washing, perspiration, sebum, etc.). [0026] For the purposes of the present invention and unless otherwise indicated: - a “polyol” denotes a hydrocarbon-based organic compound comprising 2 to 100 carbon atoms, preferably 2 to 40 carbon atoms, saturated or unsaturated cyclic or even aromatic or acyclic, saturated or unsaturated, containing at least two hydroxyl -OH, preferably 2 to 6 hydroxyl, said compound also possibly comprising one or more heteroatoms chosen from O, S, N, preferably said heteroatom(s) possibly being intercalated in the chain and/or in the ring(s) (notably ether function); in particular, the term “polyol” means diols (two hydroxyl functions), triols (three hydroxyl functions), tetraols (four hydroxyl functions), pentols (five hydroxyl functions) and hexols (six hydroxyl functions); - a “(C₈-C₂₂)alkyl” radical is a linear or branched, preferably linear, saturated C₈-C₂₂, in particular C₁₀-C₂₀, preferentially C₁₂-C₁₈, more preferentially C₁₂-C₁₆ hydrocarbon-based group, such as lauryl (C₁₂), myristyl (C₁₄), hexadecyl (C₁₆), stearyl (C₁₈), arachidyl (C₂₀) or behenyl (C₂₂); more particularly, a “(C₈-C₁₈)alkyl” is a linear or branched, preferably linear, saturated C₈-C₁₈ hydrocarbon-based group; - a “(C₁-C₄)alkyl” radical is a saturated C_1-4 hydrocarbon-based group, in particular linear or branched, such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, isobutyl or tert-butyl; - a “(meth)acrylate” denotes an acrylate or a methacrylate; - an “alkylene” radical is a linear or branched divalent saturated C₁-C₈, in particular C₁-C₆, preferably C₁-C₄ hydrocarbon-based group such as methylene, ethylene or propylene; - a “cycloalkyl” radical is a cyclic saturated hydrocarbon-based group comprising from 1 to 3 rings, preferably 2 rings, and comprising from 3 to 12 carbon atoms, preferably between 5 and 10 carbon atoms, such as cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, norbornyl, or isobornyl, the cycloalkyl radical possibly being substituted with one or more (C₁-C₄)alkyl groups such as methyl; preferably, the cycloalkyl radical is an isobornyl group; - a “cyclic” radical is a cyclic saturated or unsaturated, aromatic or non-aromatic hydrocarbon- based group comprising from 1 to 3 rings, preferably 1 ring, and comprising from 3 to 10 carbon atoms, such as cyclohexyl or phenyl; - an “aryl” radical is a monocyclic or fused or non-fused bicyclic, unsaturated cyclic aromatic radical comprising from 6 to 12 carbon atoms; preferably, the aryl group comprises 1 ring and contains 6 carbon atoms, such as phenyl; - the term “keratin materials” particularly means human skin (keratinized epithelium) and human keratin fibres such as head hair, the eyelashes, the eyebrows, and bodily hair, preferentially head hair, the eyebrows and the eyelashes, even more preferentially head hair; - the term “keratin fibres with strand separation” means keratin fibres, notably the hair, which, after application of the composition and drying, are not stuck together (or of which the strands are all separated from each other) and thus do not form clumps of fibres; - the term “ethylenic homopolymer” means a polymer derived from the polymerization of identical monomers; - the term “ethylenic copolymer” means a polymer derived from the polymerization of different monomers, in particular at least two different monomers. Preferably, the ethylenic copolymer of the invention is derived from two or three different monomers, more preferentially derived from two different monomers; - the term “ethylenic monomer” means an organic compound including one or more conjugated or non-conjugated unsaturations of >C=C< type, which is capable of polymerizing; - the term “fatty substance” means an organic compound that is immiscible in water at ordinary room temperature (25°C) and at atmospheric pressure (760 mmHg) (solubility of less than 5%, preferably 1% and even more preferentially 0.1%). They bear in their structure at least one hydrocarbon-based chain including at least 6 carbon atoms or a sequence of at least two siloxane groups. In addition, the fatty substances are generally soluble in organic solvents under the same temperature and pressure conditions, for instance ethanol, ether, liquid petroleum jelly or decamethylcyclopentasiloxane. These fatty substances are neither polyoxyethylenated nor polyglycerolated. They are different from fatty acids, since salified fatty acids constitute soaps that are generally soluble in aqueous media; - the term “liquid fatty substance” notably refers to a fatty substance that is liquid at 25°C and 1 atmosphere; preferably, said fatty substance has a viscosity of less than or equal to 7000 centipoises at 20°C; - the term “hydrocarbon-based fatty substance” means a fatty substance which comprises at least 50% by weight, notably from 50% to 100% by weight, for example from 60% to 99% by weight, or even from 65% to 95% by weight, or even from 70% to 90% by weight, relative to the total weight of said fatty substance, of carbon-based compound, having a global solubility parameter in the Hansen solubility space of less than or equal to 20 (MPa)^1/2, or a mixture of such compounds; - the global solubility parameter δ according to the Hansen solubility space is defined in the article “Solubility parameter values” by Grulke in the book “Polymer Handbook”, 3rd Edition, Chapter VII, pages 519-559, by the relationship δ = (d_D² + d_P² + d_H²)^1/2 in which: - d_D characterizes the London dispersion forces arising from the formation of dipoles induced during molecular impacts, - d_P characterizes the Debye interaction forces between permanent dipoles, - d_H H characterizes the forces of specific interactions (such as hydrogen bonding, acid/base, donor/acceptor, etc.); The definition of solvents in the Hansen three-dimensional solubility space is described in the article by Hansen: The three-dimensional solubility parameters, J. Paint Technol.39, 105 (1967); - the term “oil” means a fatty substance that is liquid at room temperature (25°C) and at atmospheric pressure; - the term “hydrocarbon-based oil” means an oil formed essentially from, or even constituted of, carbon and hydrogen atoms, and possibly oxygen and nitrogen atoms, and not containing any silicon or fluorine atoms. It may contain hydroxyl, ester, ether, carboxylic acid, amine and/or amide groups; - the term “volatile oil” means an oil (or non-aqueous medium) that can evaporate on contact with keratin materials, in particular the skin, in less than one hour, at room temperature and at atmospheric pressure. The volatile oil is a volatile cosmetic oil, which is liquid at room temperature, notably having a non-zero vapour pressure, at room temperature and at atmospheric pressure, in particular having a vapour pressure ranging from 0.13 Pa to 40000 Pa (10^-3 to 300 mmHg), preferably ranging from 1.3 Pa to 13000 Pa (0.01 to 100 mmHg) and preferentially ranging from 1.3 Pa to 1300 Pa (0.01 to 10 mmHg); - the term “non-volatile oil” means an oil with a vapour pressure of less than 0.13 Pa at room temperature and at atmospheric pressure; - the term “silicone oil” means an oil comprising at least one silicon atom and notably at least one Si-O group. The silicone oil may be volatile or non-volatile; - the term “dispersant” refers to a compound which can protect the dispersed particles from agglomerating or flocculating. This dispersant may be a surfactant, an oligomer, a polymer or a mixture of several thereof, bearing one or more functionalities with strong affinity for the surface of the particles to be dispersed; in particular, they can attach physically or chemically to the surface of the pigments. These dispersants also contain at least one functional group that is compatible with or soluble in the continuous medium. Said agent may be charged: it may be anionic, cationic, zwitterionic or neutral; - the term “pigment” refers to any pigment that gives colour to keratin materials, of synthetic or natural origin, the solubility of the pigments in water at 25°C and at atmospheric pressure (760 mmHg) being less than 0.05% by weight and preferably less than 0.01%; - the term “lake” refers to dyes adsorbed onto insoluble particles, the assembly thus obtained remaining insoluble during use. The inorganic substrates onto which the dyes are adsorbed are, for example, alumina, silica, calcium sodium borosilicate or calcium aluminium borosilicate, and aluminium. Among the organic dyes, mention may be made of cochineal carmine; - the term “dyes” refers to the oxidation dyes and direct dyes used for dyeing keratin materials, notably human keratin materials such as the skin or the hair; - the term “anhydrous dispersion or composition” means a dispersion or composition containing less than 2% by weight of water, or even less than 0.5% of water, and notably free of water; where appropriate, such small amounts of water may notably be provided by ingredients of the composition which may contain residual amounts thereof; - the term “pigments with special effects” refers to pigments that generally create a coloured appearance (characterized by a certain shade, a certain vivacity and a certain level of luminance) that is non-uniform and that changes as a function of the conditions of observation (light, temperature, angles of observation, etc.). They thereby differ from coloured pigments, which afford a standard uniform opaque, semi-transparent or transparent shade; and - the "aryl" radical may be substituted with at least one substituent borne by a carbon atom, chosen from: * a C₁-C₄ alkyl radical; * halogen; * hydroxyl; * C₁-C₂ alkoxy; * C₂-C₄ (poly)hydroxyalkoxy; * amino; * an amino radical substituted with one or two identical or different C₁-C₄ alkyl radicals; * acylamino (NR-C(O)-R’) in which the radical R is a hydrogen atom or a C₁-C₄ alkyl radical; * carbamoyl ((R)₂N-C(O)-) in which the radicals R, which may be identical or different, represent a hydrogen atom or a C₁-C₄ alkyl radical; * alkylsulfonylamino (R’-S(O)₂-N(R)-) in which the radical R represents a hydrogen atom or a C₁-C₄ alkyl radical; * an aminosulfonyl radical ((R)₂N-S(O)₂-) in which the radicals R, which may be identical or different, represent a hydrogen atom or a C₁-C₄ alkyl radical; * carboxylic in acid or salified (preferably with an alkali metal or a substituted or unsubstituted ammonium) form; * cyano; * nitro or nitroso; * polyhaloalkyl, preferentially trifluoromethyl; * alkylcarbonylamino (R-C(O)-N(R’)-), in which the R’ radical is a hydrogen atom or a C₁-C₄ alkyl radical optionally bearing at least one hydroxyl group and the radical R is a C₁-C₂ alkyl radical or an amino optionally substituted with one or two identical or different C₁-C₄ alkyl groups; * alkylcarbonyloxy (R-C(O)-O-), in which the radical R is a C₁-C₄ alkyl radical or an amino group optionally substituted with one or two identical or different C₁-C₄ alkyl groups; * alkoxycarbonyl (R-G-C(O)-), in which the radical R is a C₁-C₄ alkoxy radical and G is an oxygen atom, or an amino group optionally substituted with a C₁-C₄ alkyl group; - a cyclic radical, or a nonaromatic part of an aryl radical, may also be substituted with one or more oxo groups; - a hydrocarbon-based chain is unsaturated when it includes one or more conjugated or non- conjugated double bonds and/or one or more triple bonds, preferably one or more conjugated or non-conjugated double bonds; - a hydrocarbon-based chain is saturated when it includes no unsaturation, said hydrocarbon-based chain may be linear or branched, and may comprise a cyclic group (if the term “cyclic” is mentioned) which interrupts said hydrocarbon-based chain; [0027] - the term “aryl” means a monocyclic or fused or non-fused polycyclic carbon-based group comprising from 6 to 22 carbon atoms, and in which at least one ring is aromatic; preferentially, the aryl radical is a phenyl, biphenyl, naphthyl, indenyl, anthracenyl or tetrahydronaphthyl; - the term “at least one” is equivalent to the term “one or more”; and [0028] - the limits of a range of values are included in that range, notably in the expressions “between” and “ranging from ... to ...”; and The expression “inclusive” for a range of concentrations means that the limits of the range form part of the defined interval. [0029] The composition [0030] The composition of the invention comprises one or more alkyd-poly(alkyl)acrylate copolymers i). [0031] The alkyd-poly(alkyl)acrylate copolymer(s) i) [0032] The alkyd-poly(alkyl)acrylate polymer according to the invention is preferably obtained from an alkyd, resulting from the polycondensation of a), and b), and c) and optionally d) as defined previously and hereinbelow, followed by polycondensation of the alkyd with monomers e) chosen from e1), e2) and mixtures thereof. Preferably, ingredients a), b), c) and optionally d) are biobased. [0033] The alkyd contains at least one preferably ethylenic unsaturation (derived from ingredient(s) c) and optionally from ingredient(s) a) and/or b), and optionally d)). [0034] The alkyd is derived from condensation between the following ingredients a), b), c) and optionally d): a) one or more organic compounds comprising at least two carboxylic groups -C(O)-OH and/or at least one anhydride group -C(O)-O-C(O)-; and b) one or more organic polyols; and c) one or more organic monocarboxylic acids including an unsaturated, linear or branched hydrocarbon-based chain, said acid(s) being optionally substituted with a hydroxyl radical; preferably, said acid(s) are not substituted with a hydroxyl group; and d) optionally one or more organic monocarboxylic acids different from c), particularly organic monocarboxylic acid(s) including a saturated, linear or branched hydrocarbon-based chain. [0035] One or more organic compounds comprising at least two carboxylic or carboxylate groups and/or at least one anhydride group a) [0036] According to one embodiment of the invention, the compound(s) a) are chosen from acyclic, linear, branched, saturated or unsaturated polycarboxylic acids and/or cyclic, saturated or unsaturated, aromatic or non-aromatic polycarboxylic acids, said polycarboxylic acid(s) comprising at least two carboxyl groups -C(O)-OH, notably 2 to 4 -C(O)-OH groups. [0037] According to a particular embodiment, the polycarboxylic acid(s) are cyclic, they comprise at least one ring, which is preferably hydrocarbon-based and includes 5 to 7 carbon atoms, such as cyclohexyl, the ring possibly being intercalated in one or more linear or branched, preferably linear and/or saturated hydrocarbon-based chains including 2 to 16 carbon atoms, it being understood that the ring(s) and/or hydrocarbon-based chain(s) bear several carboxyl groups; preferably, the hydrocarbon-based chain(s) bear carboxyl groups (preferably two carboxyl groups). [0038] Said polycarboxylic acid(s) a) are notably chosen from polycarboxylic acids comprising at least one linear, branched and/or cyclic, saturated or unsaturated, or even aromatic, acyclic hydrocarbon-based chain including 2 to 40 carbon atoms, notably 3 to 18, and even better 4 to 14 carbon atoms, or even 5 to 12 carbon atoms; said acid(s) comprise at least two carboxylic groups -C(O)-OH, preferably from 2 to 4 -C(O)-OH groups. [0039] Preferably, said polycarboxylic acid(s) a) are saturated, linear hydrocarbon-based compounds and comprise 2 to 20 carbon atoms, notably 3 to 18 carbon atoms, or even 4 to 12 carbon atoms; or are monocyclic or bicyclic, particularly monocyclic, preferably aromatic, and comprise 5 to 10 carbon atoms, such as phenyl. It (they) preferably comprise 2 to 4 -C(O)- OH groups. [0040] More particularly, a) is/are chosen from a1) aromatic acids comprising 2 to 4 carboxyl groups, preferably 2 carboxyl groups on a phenyl group, more particularly located ortho, meta or para, preferably ortho or para, more preferentially ortho such as homophthalic acid and/or a2) linear or branched, saturated polycarboxylic acids comprising 4 to 12 carbon atoms, preferably comprising two carboxyl groups such as sebacic acid. [0041] According to another embodiment of the invention, the compound(s) a) are chosen from (poly)anhydrides. In particular, the compound(s) a) are chosen from (poly)anhydride hydrocarbon-based compounds of formula R-C(O)-O-C(O)-R’-[C(O)-O-C(O)R’’]_p with p representing an integer greater than or equal to 1, R and R’’, which may be identical or different, representing a monovalent, linear, branched and/or cyclic, saturated or unsaturated, or even aromatic hydrocarbon-based chain, comprising 2 to 40 carbon atoms, notably 3 to 18, and even better 4 to 14 carbon atoms, or even 5 to 12 carbon atoms, and in which R' represents a divalent, linear, branched and/or cyclic, saturated or unsaturated, or even aromatic, hydrocarbon-based chain comprising 2 to 40 carbon atoms, notably 3 to 18, and even better 4 to 14 carbon atoms, or even 5 to 12 carbon atoms. [0042] According to another embodiment of the invention, the compound(s) a) are chosen from the (poly)anhydrides of formulae (I) or (II) below: [0043] [Chem.1]:

in which formula (I) or (II) the radicals A and B, which may be identical or different, represent: - a hydrogen atom, - an acyclic, linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, and/or cyclic, saturated or unsaturated, aromatic or non-aromatic hydrocarbon-based radical comprising 1 to 16 carbon atoms, notably 2 to 10 carbon atoms, or even 4 to 8 carbon atoms, notably methyl or ethyl; - or else the radicals A and B, together with the carbon atoms bearing them, form a ring comprising a total of 5 to 7, notably 6, saturated or unsaturated, or even aromatic carbon atoms. [0044] Preferably, A and B represent a hydrogen atom or, together with the carbon atoms bearing them, form an aromatic ring comprising 6 carbon atoms. [0045] Among said polycarboxylic acid(s) a) that may be used, mention may be made, alone or as mixtures, of: - dicarboxylic acids such as oxalic acid, succinic acid, adipic acid, sebacic acid, isophthalic acid, homophthalic acid, azelaic acid, glutaric acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid, PRIPOL 1009: [0046] [Chem.2]

, preferably homophthalic acid; - tricarboxylic acids such as cyclohexanetricarboxylic acid, trimellitic acid, 1,2,3- benzenetricarboxylic acid or 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid; - tetracarboxylic acids such as butanetetracarboxylic acid and pyromellitic acid; - cyclic anhydrides of these acids and notably phthalic anhydride, trimellitic anhydride, maleic anhydride and succinic anhydride. [0047] According to one embodiment, only one compound a) is used. According to another embodiment, several compounds a) are used, preferably two to five compounds a), more preferentially a mixture of two compounds a). [0048] Preferably, the compound(s) a) are chosen from adipic acid, sebacic acid, homophthalic acid and better still from sebacic acid and homophthalic acid. [0049] The compound(s) a) preferably represent between 5% and 60% by weight, notably between 10% and 50% by weight, better still between 15% and 40% by weight, and even better still between 20% and 30% of the total weight of the final alkyd (resulting from the condensation of ingredients a), b) c) and optionally d)). [0050] The compound(s) a) particularly represent from 0.5% to 55% by weight, more particularly from 1% to 45% by weight, notably from 1.5% to 35% by weight, better still from 5% to 25%, even better still from 10% to 20% by weight of the total weight of the alkyd- poly(alkyl)acrylate copolymer(s) i) according to the invention. [0051] The organic polyol(s) b) [0052] According to one embodiment of the invention, the polyol(s) b) comprise 3 to 6 hydroxyl (OH) groups, notably 3 to 4 hydroxyl groups. A mixture of such polyols may obviously be used. [0053] Said organic polyol(s) b) are carbon-based, notably hydrocarbon-based, acyclic, linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, and/or monocyclic or polycyclic, saturated or unsaturated, aromatic or non-aromatic, comprising 3 to 18 carbon atoms, notably 4 to 14, or even 5 to 10 carbon atoms, and at least 3 hydroxyl groups, preferably 3 to 6 hydroxyl groups, and which may also comprise one or more heteroatoms chosen from O, S and N, preferably, said heteroatom(s) possibly being intercalated in the chain and/or in the ring(s) (notably ether function). [0054] According to one embodiment, the organic polyol(s) b) do not comprise any rings. [0055] According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the organic polyol(s) b) are saturated. [0056] Said organic polyol(s) b) are preferably hydrocarbon-based, saturated or unsaturated, preferably saturated, linear or branched, preferably branched, comprising 3 to 18 carbon atoms, notably 4 to 12, or even 5 to 10 carbon atoms, and at least 3 hydroxyl groups, preferably 3 to 6 hydroxyl groups, more preferentially 3 to 4 hydroxyl groups. [0057] A single polyol b) may be used. A mixture of at least two polyols b) may also be used, preferably 2 to 5 polyols b), more preferentially 2 or 3 polyols b), better still 2 polyols b). The organic polyol(s) b) are preferably chosen from: - triols, such as 1,2,6-hexanetriol, trimethylolethane, trimethylolpropane or glycerol; - tetraols, such as pentaerythritol, erythritol, diglycerol or ditrimethylolpropane; - pentols such as xylitol: - hexols such as sorbitol and mannitol, or else dipentaerythritol or triglycerol. [0058] Preferably, the polyol(s) b) of the invention are chosen from glycerol, pentaerythritol, sorbitol and mixtures thereof, and better still the polyol is pentaerythritol. [0059] The organic polyol(s), b) i.e. the mixture of organic polyols, preferably represent 5% to 50% by weight, notably 7% to 40% by weight, and better still 10% to 35% by weight, relative to the total weight of the final alkyd copolymer(s) (resulting from the condensation of ingredients a), b), c) and optionally d)). [0060] The organic polyol(s) b), i.e. the mixture of organic polyols, preferably represent 0.5% to 45% by weight, notably 0.6% to 35% by weight, better still 1% to 30% by weight and even better still 5% to 25% by weight relative to the total weight of the polyalkyd- poly(alkyl)acrylate(s) i) according to the invention. [0061] Organic monocarboxylic acid(s) with an unsaturated hydrocarbon-based chain c) [0062] According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the organic monocarboxylic acid(s) c) include at least one unsaturated, linear or branched or cyclic hydrocarbon-based chain, said hydrocarbon-based chain comprising at least 7 carbon atoms, and possibly being substituted with a hydroxyl group. [0063] More particularly, the monocarboxylic acid(s) with an unsaturated hydrocarbon-based chain include at least one linear, branched or cyclic hydrocarbon-based chain comprising 7 to 32 carbon atoms, notably 8 to 28 carbon atoms, better still 10 to 24 or even 12 to 20 carbon atoms, said hydrocarbon-based chain possibly being substituted with a hydroxyl group. [0064] Needless to say, a mixture of such monocarboxylic acids may be used. [0065] According to a preferred embodiment, the compound(s) c) are unsubstituted. [0066] According to one embodiment, the monocarboxylic acid(s) c) do not comprise one or more ethylenic bonds. [0067] Preferably, the compound(s) c) are unsubstituted. [0068] Preferably, the monocarboxylic acid(s) c) comprise 1 to 5 ethylenic double bond(s), preferably 1, 2 or 3 ethylenic double bond(s). [0069] The term “unsaturated hydrocarbon-based chain monocarboxylic acid” preferably means a compound of formula (III) below, and also the geometrical isomers (Z/E or cis/trans) thereof R^a-C(O)-OH (III), in which formula (III) R^a is an unsaturated linear, branched and/or cyclic hydrocarbon-based radical comprising 6 to 31 carbon atoms, notably 7 to 27 carbon atoms, better still 9 to 23 carbon atoms, or even 11 to 19 carbon atoms, said radical possibly being substituted with a hydroxyl group. Preferably, the radical R^a is an unsaturated, linear or branched, unsubstituted hydrocarbon-based chain, preferentially of C₆-C₃₁ or even C₈-C₂₁. [0070] According to one embodiment, R^a represents a (C₆-C₃₁)alkenyl group, particularly (C₇- C₂₇)alkenyl, more particularly (C₉-C₂₃)alkenyl, better (C₁₁-C₁₉)alkenyl, better still (C₁₃- C₁₇)alkenyl; more preferentially, the alkenyl group is linear and comprises from 1 to 5 unsaturations (preferably 1 to 3 double bonds, more preferentially one double bond). [0071] As organic monocarboxylic acid(s) with an unsaturated hydrocarbon-based chain c), mono-, di- or tri-unsaturated unsaturated fatty acids of natural origin, and more preferentially of plant origin, are preferred, notably omega-3, omega-6, omega-9 and omega-12 monocarboxylic acids. The acid(s) c) are preferably derived from plant oils extracted from various plants such as sunflower, rapeseed, castor, lesquerella, olive, soybean, palm, coriander, celery, dill, carrot, fennel, Limnanthes alba (meadowfoam), hemp seed oil, or blackcurrant. [0072] Among the monocarboxylic acid(s) with an unsaturated hydrocarbon-based chain c) that may be used in the invention, mention may be made, alone or as mixtures, of: - monounsaturated monocarboxylic acids chosen from caproleic acid (cis-9-decenoic acid), obtusilic acid (cis-4-decenoic acid), decenoic acid (or 9-decenoic acid), undecylenic acid (or 10-undecenoic acid), dodecylenic acid, linderic acid (cis-4-dodecenoic acid), myristoleic acid (cis-9-tetradecenoic acid), physeteric acid (cis-5-tetradecenoic acid), tsuzuic acid (cis-4- tetradecenoic acid), palmitoleic acid (9Z-hexadecenoic acid or trans-9-hexadecenoic acid, or C16:1 ω-7), oleic acid (9Z-octadecenoic acid, or C18:1 ω-9), petroselinic acid (cis-6- octadecenoic), vaccenic acid (cis-11-octadecenoic), elaidic acid (trans-9-octadecenoic, C18:1, ω-9), 11-eicosenoic acid (11Z-eicosenoic acid, or C20:1 ω-9- also called gondoic acid, gadoleic acid, erucic acid), erucic acid (13Z-docosenoic acid, or C22:1 ω-9), ketoleic acid (11- docosenoic acid, or C22:1), nervonic acid (15Z-tetracosenoic acid, or C24:1 ω-9), and - polyunsaturated monocarboxylic acids chosen from linoleic acid (9Z,12Z-octadecadienoic acid, or C18:2 ω-6), linolenic acid, α-linolenic acid (9Z,12Z,15Z-octadecatrienoic acid, or C18:3 ω-3), γ-linolenic acid (6Z,9Z,12Z-octadecatrienoic acid, or C18:3 ω-6), dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatrienoic acid, or C20:3 ω-6) and arachidonic acid (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z- eicosatetraenoic acid, or C20:4 ω-6), eicosapentaenoic acid (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z- eicosapentaenoic acid, or C20:5 ω-3), docosahexaenoic acid (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z- docosahexaenoic acid, or C22:6 ω-3) stearidonic acid ((6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadeca-6,9,12,15- tetraenoic acid), and also monounsaturated fatty acids C18:1, and C18:2 and optionally C18:3 (preferably mixtures of oleic acid C18:1, linoleic acid C18:2, linolenic acid C18:3), and mixtures thereof such as those sold under the trade name: - Nouracid DE402 (sold by Oleon) comprising 1) C18:1 monounsaturated fatty acids particularly in weight amounts ranging from 13% to 23%, 2) C18:2 monounsaturated fatty acids particularly in weight amounts ranging from 40% to 50%, 3) C18:3 monounsaturated fatty acids, particularly in weight amounts of 0 - 3%, 4) conjugated unsaturated fatty acids, particularly in weight amounts of 22 - 27%, 5) saturated fatty acids with carbon numbers less than or equal to C18, particularly in weight amounts of 6 - 12%, 6) saturated fatty acids with carbon numbers greater than or equal to 20, particularly in an amount of 0 - 2%, - Nouracid DE 656 (sold by Oleon) comprising 1) C18:1 unsaturated fatty acids particularly in amounts of 5 - 8%, 2) C18:2 unsaturated fatty acids particularly in amounts of 22 - 29%, 3) C18:3 unsaturated fatty acids: particularly in amounts of 0 - 1%; 4) conjugated unsaturated fatty acids, particularly in a weight amount of 60 - 65%, 5) saturated fatty acids with a carbon number less than or equal to C18, particularly in an amount of 2 - 5%, 6) saturated fatty acids with a carbon number greater than or equal to 20, particularly in an amount of 0 - 1%. [0073] According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the organic monocaboxylic acid(s) with an unsaturated hydrocarbon-based chain c), are chosen from monounsaturated acids, more particularly chosen from: 1. C₁₀ acids, notably obtusilic acid (cis-4-decenoic) and caproleic acid (cis-9-decenoic), 2. C₁₂ acids, notably lauroleic acid (cis-5-dodecenoic) and linderic acid (cis-4-dodecenoic), 3. C₁₄ acids, notably myristoleic acid (cis-9-tetradecenoic), physeteric acid (cis-5- tetradecenoic) and tsuzuic acid (cis-4-tetradecenoic), 4. C₁₆ acids, notably palmitoleic acid (cis-9-hexadecenoic), 5. C₁₈ acids, notably oleic acid (cis-9-octadecenoic, C18:1, ω-9), elaidic acid (trans-9- octadecenoic, C18:1, ω-9), petroselinic acid (cis-6-octadecenoic), and vaccenic acid (cis-11- octadecenoic), 6. C₂₀ acids, gadoleic acid (cis-9-eicosenoic), gondoic acid (cis-11-eicosenoic), and cis-5- eicosenoic acid, 7. C₂₂ acids, ketoleic acid (cis-11-docosenoic) and erucic acid (cis-13-docosenoic), 8. and mixtures of 1 to 7. [0074] According to another particular embodiment of the invention, the organic monocaboxylic acid(s) with an unsaturated hydrocarbon-based chain c) are chosen from polyunsaturated acids, more particularly di- or triunsaturated acids, notably chosen from: 1. C₁₈ acids, such as linoleic acid (9Z,12Z-octadecadienoic acid, or C18:2 ω-6), linolenic acid, i.e. α-linolenic acid (9Z,12Z,15Z-octadecatrienoic acid, or C18:3 ω-3), γ-linolenic acid (6Z,9Z,12Z-octadecatrienoic acid, or C18:3 ω-6), 2. C₂₀ acids, such as dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatrienoic acid, or C20:3 ω-6) and arachidonic acid (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoic acid, or C20:4 ω-6), eicosapentaenoic acid (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z-eicosapentaenoic acid, or C20:5 ω-3), 3. C₂₂ acids, such as docosahexaenoic acid (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z-docosahexaenoic acid, or C22:6 ω-3) and stearidonic acid ((6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadeca-6,9,12,15-tetraenoic acid), and 4. mixtures of 1. to 3. [0075] According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the organic monocaboxylic acid(s) with an unsaturated hydrocarbon-based chain c) are a mixture of mono- and polyunsaturated (di- or triunsaturated) acids, preferably of C₁₈. [0076] Preferably, the monocarboxylic acid(s) c) used are one or more C₁₈ monocarboxylic acids, i.e. comprising an unsaturated hydrocarbon-based chain R^a with 17 carbon atoms, comprising from 1 to 3 unsaturations, such as oleic acid, elaidic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, or mixtures thereof such as those sold under the reference Nouracid DE402 (Oleon), Nouracid DE 656 (Oleon) and in particular oleic acid C18:1, linoleic acid C18:2, linolenic acid C18:3, and mixtures thereof. [0077] Said unsaturated monocarboxylic acid(s) c) particularly represent from 5% to 60% by weight, notably from 7% to 50% by weight, more particularly from 10% to 35% by weight, relative to the total weight of the final alkyd (resulting from the condensation of ingredients a), and b) and c) and optionally d)). [0078] Said unsaturated monocarboxylic acid c), or the mixture of said acids c), preferably represents 0.5% to 55% by weight, notably 0.7% to 45% by weight, more particularly 1% to 32% by weight, better still 5% to 25%, and even better still 7% to 20% relative to the total weight of the alkyd-poly(alkyl)acrylate copolymer i) according to the invention. [0079] Organic monocarboxylic acid(s) d) different from c) [0080] According to one embodiment, the alkyd-poly(alkyl)acrylate copolymers i) according to the invention do not comprise any organic monocarboxylic acid different from c). According to a preferred embodiment, the alkyd-poly(alkyl)acrylate copolymers i) according to the invention comprise d) one or more organic monocarboxylic acids different from c). [0081] According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the organic monocarboxylic acid(s) different from c) comprise a saturated, linear or branched or cyclic hydrocarbon-based chain, the hydrocarbon-based chain preferably including from 1 to 30 carbon atoms, particularly (C₁-C₂₄)alkyl. [0082] According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the organic monocarboxylic acid(s) different from c) include a saturated, linear or branched or cyclic, C₁-C₃₀, more preferentially C₄-C₂₃, better still C₅-C₂₂, even better still C₆-C₂₀ hydrocarbon-based chain. [0083] More particularly, the organic monocarboxylic acid(s) different from c) are chosen from saturated monocarboxylic acids such as caproic acid or hexanoic acid (C6), isoheptanoic acid (C7), 4-ethylpentanoic acid (C7), octanoic acid (C8), isooctanoic acid (C8), caprylic acid (C8), 2-ethylhexanoic acid (C8), 4,5-dimethylhexanoic acid (C8), 2-heptylheptanoic acid (C7), nonanoic acid (C9), isononanoic acid (C9), 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoic acid (C9), decanoic acid (C10), lauric acid (C12), tridecanoic acid (C13), myristic acid (C14), palmitic acid (C16), stearic acid (C18), isostearic acid (C18), arachidic acid (C20) and behenic acid (C22). [0084] Preferably, the organic monocarboxylic acid(s) different from c) are chosen from natural fatty acids. [0085] Preferably, use is made of isoheptanoic acid (C7), octanoic acid (C8), nonanoic acid (C9), isononanoic acid (C9), lauric acid (C12), myristic acid (C14), palmitic acid (C16), isostearic acid (C18), stearic acid (C18) or behenic acid (C22) and mixtures thereof, and better still octanoic acid. [0086] Said organic monocarboxylic acid(s) d) different from c), or mixtures thereof, preferably represent 5% to 70% by weight, notably 10% to 60% by weight and better still 15% to 50% by weight, relative to the total weight of the final alkyd (resulting from the condensation of ingredients a), b), c) and d)). [0087] Said organic monocarboxylic acid(s) d) different from c) represent from 10% to 70% by weight, notably 15% to 60% by weight and better still 20% to 50% by weight, relative to the total weight of the final alkyd (resulting from the condensation of ingredients a), b), c) and d)). [0088] Said organic monocarboxylic acid(s) d) different from c), or mixtures thereof, preferably represent 0.5% to 65% by weight, notably 1% to 55% by weight, better still 1.5% to 45% by weight, even better still 5% to 25% by weight relative to the total weight of the alkyd poly(alkyl)acrylate i) according to the invention. [0089] The sum of the organic monocarboxylic acid(s) d) different from c) (mixture) preferably represents 5% to 50% by weight, notably 10% to 40% by weight and better still 15% to 25% by weight, relative to the total weight of the alkyd-poly(alkyl)acrylate copolymer i) according to the invention. [0090] The sum by mass amount of the saturated and unsaturated monocarboxylic acid(s) preferably represents 40% to 75% by weight, notably 44% to 70% by weight and better still 45% to 65% by weight, relative to the total weight of the alkyd-poly(alkyl)acrylate copolymer i) according to the invention. [0091] According to one embodiment, the mass amount of unsaturated organic monocarboxylic acid(s) c) is greater than the mass amount of saturated organic monocarboxylic acid(s) d) when they are in admixture. [0092] According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the mass amount of saturated organic monocarboxylic acid(s) d) is greater than the amount of unsaturated carboxylic acid(s) c) when they are in admixture. [0093] The monomer(s) e) [0094] The alkyd-poly(alkyl)acrylate polymer according to the invention is preferably obtained from an alkyd, resulting from the polycondensation of a), and b), and c) and optionally d) as defined previously, followed by polycondensation of the alkyd with monomers e) chosen from e1), e2) and mixtures thereof. [0095] According to one embodiment, one or more monomers e1) and no monomers e2) are used. [0096] According to one embodiment, one or more monomers e2) and no monomers e1) are used. [0097] According to one embodiment, one or more monomers e1) and one or more monomers e2) are used sequentially or simultaneously, preferably simultaneously. [0098] The monomer(s) e1) [0099] According to one embodiment, the alkyd-poly(alkyl)acrylate polymer according to the invention is preferably obtained from an alkyd resulting from the polycondensation of a), b), c) and optionally d) as defined previously, followed by polycondensation of the alkyd with monomers e1) (C₈-C₂₂)alkyl (C₁-C₆)(alkyl)acrylate, preferably (C₈-C₂₂)alkyl (meth)acrylate monomers. [00100] Preferably, the monomer(s) e1) are chosen from monomers of the following formula (V): H₂C=C(R)-C(O)-O-R’’’, in which formula (V) R represents a hydrogen atom or a (C₁- C₄)alkyl group such as methyl, and R’’’ represents a (C₈-C₂₂)alkyl group, preferably a (C₈- C₂₀)alkyl, in particular a (C_2n)alkyl with n being an integer equal to 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10, and preferably R’’’ represents isodecyl, lauryl, stearyl or hexadecyl, more preferentially stearyl. [00101] Preferentially, the monomer(s) e1) are chosen from isodecyl, lauryl, stearyl, hexadecyl and behenyl (meth)acrylates, more particularly stearyl (meth)acrylate, even more preferentially stearyl (meth)acrylate. [00102] According to one embodiment, the monomers e1) are identical. [00103] According to one embodiment, several different monomers e1) are used, such as a mixture of stearyl acrylate and stearyl methacrylate in all proportions. The monomer(s) e2) [00104] According to one embodiment, the alkyd-poly(alkyl)acrylate polymer according to the invention is preferably obtained from an alkyd resulting from the polycondensation of a), b), c) and optionally d) as defined previously, followed by polycondensation of the alkyd with monomers e2) (C₃-C₁₂)cycloalkyl (C₁-C₆)(alkyl)acrylate, preferably (C₃-C₁₂)cycloalkyl (meth)acrylate monomers. [00105] Preferably, the monomer(s) e2) are chosen from the monomers of formula (VI) below: [00106] H₂C=C(R)-C(O)-O-R’’’, in which formula (VI) R represents a hydrogen atom or a (C₁- C₄)alkyl group such as methyl, and R’’’ represents a (C₅-C₁₀)cycloalkyl group such as norbornyl, or isobornyl preferably isobornyl. [00107] According to one embodiment, the monomers e2) are identical. [00108] According to one embodiment, several different monomers e2) are used, such as a mixture of isobornyl acrylate and isobornyl methacrylate (in all proportions). [00109] According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the alkyd-poly(alkyl)acrylate polymer(s) according to the invention are obtained from an alkyd resulting from the polycondensation of compounds a) and b), and c) and optionally d) as defined previously, followed by polycondensation of the alkyd with monomers e2) (C₃-C₁₂)cycloalkyl (C₁- C₆)(alkyl)acrylate, preferably with (C₃-C₁₂)cycloalkyl (meth)acrylates; more particularly with monomers of formula (VI) as defined previously in which R represents a hydrogen atom or a (C₁-C₄)alkyl group such as methyl, and R’’ represents a (C₅-C₁₀)cycloalkyl group such as norbornyl, or isobornyl, preferably isobornyl, in the absence of monomers e1). [00110] According to a particular embodiment, the alkyd-poly(alkyl)acrylate polymer(s) according to the invention are obtained from an alkyd resulting from the polycondensation of compounds a), and b), and c) and optionally d) as defined previously, followed by polycondensation of the alkyd with only monomers e2) (C₃-C₁₂)cycloalkyl (C₁- C₆)(alkyl)acrylate, preferably (C₃-C₁₂)cycloalkyl (meth)acrylate; more particularly monomers of formula (VI) as defined previously in which R represents a hydrogen atom or a (C₁-C₄)alkyl group such as methyl, and R’’ represents a (C₅-C₁₀)cycloalkyl group such as norbornyl, or isobornyl, preferably isobornyl. [00111] According to another particular embodiment of the invention, the alkyd- poly(alkyl)acrylate polymer(s) of the invention are obtained from an alkyd resulting from the polycondensation of compounds a), and b), and c) and optionally d) as defined previously, followed by polycondensation of the alkyd with monomers e1) (C₈-C₂₂)alkyl (C₁- C₆)(alkyl)acrylate, preferably (C₈-C₂₂)alkyl (meth)acrylate, as defined previously; more particularly monomers of formula (V) as defined previously in which R represents a hydrogen atom or a (C₁-C₄)alkyl group such as methyl, and R’’’’ represents a (C₈-C₂₂)alkyl group, preferably a (C₈-C₂₀)alkyl, in particular a (C_2n)alkyl with n an integer = 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10; preferably, R’’’ represents isodecyl, lauryl, stearyl or hexadecyl, more preferentially stearyl, in the absence of monomer(s) e2). [00112] According to a particular embodiment, the alkyd-poly(alkyl)acrylate polymer(s) according to the invention are obtained from an alkyd resulting from the polycondensation of compounds a), and b), and c) and optionally d) as defined previously, followed by polycondensation of the alkyd with only monomers e1) (C₈-C₂₂)alkyl (C₁-C₆)(alkyl)acrylate, preferably (C₈-C₂₂)alkyl (meth)acrylate, as defined previously; more particularly, monomers of formula (V) as defined previously in which R represents a hydrogen atom or a (C₁-C₄)alkyl group such as methyl, and R’’’ represents a (C₈-C₂₂)alkyl group, preferably (C₈-C₂₀)alkyl, in particular (C_2n)alkyl with n being an integer equal to 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10; preferably, R’’’ represents isodecyl, lauryl, stearyl, hexadecyl, more preferably stearyl. [00113] According to another particular embodiment of the invention, the alkyd- poly(alkyl)acrylate polymer(s) according to the invention are obtained from an alkyd resulting from the polycondensation of compounds a), and b), and c) and optionally d) as defined previously, followed by the polycondensation of the alkyd with monomers e1) (C₈-C₂₂)alkyl (C₁- C₆)(alkyl)acrylate, preferably (C₈-C₂₂)alkyl (meth)acrylate, as defined previously; more particularly, monomers of formula (V) as defined previously in which R represents a hydrogen atom or a (C₁-C₄)alkyl group such as methyl, and R’’’ represents a (C₈-C₂₂)alkyl group, preferably a (C₈-C₂₀)alkyl, in particular a (C_2n)alkyl with n being an integer equal to 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10; preferably, R’’’ represents isodecyl, lauryl, stearyl or hexadecyl, more preferably stearyl, and monomers e2) (C₃-C₁₂)cycloalkyl (C₁-C₆)(alkyl)acrylate, preferably (C₃-C₁₂)cycloalkyl (meth)acrylate, more particularly monomers of formula (VI) as defined previously in which R represents a hydrogen atom or a (C₁-C₄)alkyl group such as methyl, and R’’’ represents a (C₅- C₁₀)cycloalkyl group such as norbornyl, or isobornyl, preferably isobornyl. [00114] According to another particular embodiment of the invention, the alkyd- poly(alkyl)acrylate polymer(s) according to the invention are obtained from one or more alkyds resulting from the polycondensation of compounds a), and b), and c) and optionally d) as defined previously, followed by polycondensation of the alkyd(s) with monomers e1) (C₈- C₂₂)alkyl (C₁-C₆)(alkyl)acrylate, preferably (C₈-C₂₂)alkyl (meth)acrylate, as defined previously; more particularly, monomers of formula (V) as defined previously in which R represents a hydrogen atom or a (C₁-C₄)alkyl group such as methyl, and R’’’ represents a (C₈-C₂₂)alkyl group, preferably a (C₈-C₂₀)alkyl, in particular a (C_2n)alkyl with n an integer = 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10; preferably, R’’’ represents isodecyl, lauryl, stearyl or hexadecyl, more preferably stearyl, and monomers e2) (C₃-C₁₂)cycloalkyl (C₁-C₆)(alkyl)acrylate, preferably (C₃-C₁₂)cycloalkyl (meth)acrylate, more particularly monomers of formula (VI) as defined previously in which R represents a hydrogen atom or a (C₁-C₄)alkyl group such as methyl, and R’’’ represents a (C₅- C₁₀)cycloalkyl group such as norbornyl, or isobornyl, preferably isobornyl, in the absence of other monomers such as f) defined previously and hereinbelow. [00115] By way of example, mention may be made of the alkyd-poly(alkyl)acrylate polymer(s) according to the invention obtained from one or more alkyds resulting from the polycondensation of compounds a), and b), and c) and optionally d) as defined previously, followed by polycondensation of the alkyd(s) with monomers e1) as defined previously, notably stearyl (meth)acrylate, and monomers e2) as defined previously, notably norbornyl or isobornyl (meth)acrylate, preferably isobornyl (meth)acrylate. [00116] The monomer(s) f) [00117] The alkyd-poly(alkyl)acrylate polymer according to the invention i) is preferably obtained from one or more alkyds, resulting from the polycondensation of compounds a), and b), and c) and optionally d) as defined previously, followed by the polycondensation of the alkyd(s) with monomers e) chosen from e1), e2) and mixtures thereof as defined previously and optionally with f) one or more (C₁-C₄)alkyl (C₁-C₆)(alkyl)acrylate monomers, preferably (C₁- C₄)alkyl (meth)acrylate. [00118] Preferably, the monomer(s) f) are chosen from the monomers of the following formula (VII): H₂C=C(R)-C(O)-O-R’’’ in which formula (V) R represents a hydrogen atom or a (C₁-C₄)alkyl group such as methyl, and R’’’ represents a (C₁-C₄)alkyl group, and preferably R’’’ represents methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl or tert-butyl, more preferentially methyl. [00119] Preferentially, the monomer(s) f) are chosen from methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl and tert-butyl (meth)acrylates, more preferentially from methyl (meth)acrylates. [00120] According to one embodiment, the monomers f) are identical. [00121] According to one embodiment, several different monomers f) are used. [00122] According to one embodiment, the alkyd-poly(alkyl)acrylate polymer(s) i) according to the invention are obtained from one or more alkyds, resulting from the polycondensation of compounds a), and b), and c) and optionally compound d) as defined previously, followed by polycondensation of the alkyd(s) with one or more monomers e) chosen from monomers e1) as defined previously and optionally with f) one or more (C₁-C₄)alkyl (C₁- C₆)(alkyl)acrylate monomers, preferably (C₁-C₄)alkyl (meth)acrylate, more preferentially methyl (meth)acrylate. [00123] According to another embodiment, the alkyd-poly(alkyl)acrylate polymer(s) i) according to the invention are obtained from one or more alkyds, resulting from the polycondensation of compounds a), and b), and c) and optionally compound d) as defined previously, followed by polycondensation of the alkyd(s) with one or more monomers e) chosen from monomers e2) as defined previously and with f) one or more (C₁-C₄)alkyl (C₁- C₆)(alkyl)acrylate monomers, preferably (C₁-C₄)alkyl (meth)acrylate, more preferentially methyl (meth)acrylate. By way of example, mention may be made of the alkyd-poly(alkyl)acrylate polymer(s) according to the invention obtained from one or more alkyds derived from the polycondensation of compounds a), and b), and c) and optionally d) as defined previously, followed by polycondensation of the alkyd with monomers e2) norbornyl or isobornyl (meth)acrylate, preferably isobornyl (meth)acrylate, and monomers f) more preferentially methyl (meth)acrylate, even more preferentially methyl methacrylate. [00124] Preferably, when monomers e1), and e2) and f) are used for the preparation of the copolymers i), the mass ratio of monomers e2) / monomers e1) is greater than 1, preferably greater than 2, more preferentially greater than 3, better still greater than 4, even better still greater than 5, better still greater than 6, such as 9. [00125] According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the mass ratio [monomers e1) +monomers e2)] / monomers f) is greater than 1, such as 2. [00126] According to another embodiment, the alkyd-poly(alkyl)acrylate polymer(s) according to the invention are obtained from one or more alkyds, resulting from the polycondensation of compounds a), and b), and c) and optionally d) as defined previously, followed by polycondensation of the alkyd(s) with monomers e1) and monomers e2) as defined previously and with f) one or more (C₁-C₄)alkyl (C₁-C₆)(alkyl)acrylate monomers, preferably (C₁-C₄)alkyl (meth)acrylate, more preferentially methyl (meth)acrylate. [00127] According to another particular embodiment of the invention, the alkyd- poly(alkyl)acrylate polymer(s) according to the invention are obtained from one or more alkyds resulting from the polycondensation of compounds a), and b), and c) and optionally d) as defined previously, followed by polycondensation of one or more alkyds with monomers e1) (C₈-C₂₂)alkyl (C₁-C₆)(alkyl)acrylate, preferably (C₈-C₂₂)alkyl (meth)acrylate, as defined previously; more particularly the monomers of formula (V) as defined previously in which R represents a hydrogen atom or a (C₁-C₄)alkyl group such as methyl, and R’’’ represents a (C₈- C₂₂)alkyl group preferably a (C₈-C₂₀)alkyl, in particular a (C_2n)alkyl with n an integer = 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10, preferably R’’’ represents isodecyl, lauryl, stearyl, hexadecyl, more preferentially stearyl, and monomers e2) (C₃-C₁₂)cycloalkyl (C₁-C₆)(alkyl)acrylate, preferably (C₃- C₁₂)cycloalkyl (meth)acrylate, in particular, monomers of formula (VI) as defined previously in which R represents a hydrogen atom or a (C₁-C₄)alkyl group such as methyl, and R’’’ represents a (C₅-C₁₀)cycloalkyl group such as norbornyl, or isobornyl, preferably isobornyl, and f) one or more (C₁-C₄)alkyl (C₁-C₆)(alkyl)acrylate monomers, preferably (C₁-C₄)alkyl (meth)acrylate, more preferably methyl (meth)acrylate. [00128] By way of example, mention may be made of the alkyd-poly(alkyl)acrylate polymer(s) according to the invention obtained from one or more alkyds resulting from the polycondensation of compounds a), and b), and c) and optionally d) as defined previously, followed by polycondensation of the alkyd(s) with monomers e1) stearyl (meth)acrylate and monomers e2) norbornyl or isobornyl (meth)acrylate, preferably isobornyl (meth)acrylate, and monomers f), more preferentially methyl (meth)acrylate, even more preferentially methyl methacrylate. [00129] According to one embodiment, the copolymer(s) i) contain from 0% to 20% by weight of monomers f) relative to the total weight of copolymer i), preferably from 0% to 15% by weight. [00130] According to one embodiment, the copolymer(s) i) contain from 10% to 70% by weight of monomers e) and optionally f) relative to the total weight of copolymer i), preferably from 20% to 60% by weight such as 30% or 50%. [00131] Preferably, the alkyd-poly(alkyl)acrylate(s) i) have a number-average molecular weight (Mn) of between 1000 and 1000000 g/mol, notably between 5000 and 500000 g/mol and better still between 10000 and 300000 g/mol. [00132] The polymer(s) e) preferably have a number-average molecular weight ranging from 10000 to 400000 and preferably ranging from 20000 to 200000. [00133] According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the amount in the composition of monomer(s) e1) (C₈-C₂₂)alkyl (C₁-C₆)(alkyl)acrylates and e2) (C₃-C₁₂)cycloalkyl (C₁- C₆)(alkyl)acrylates and optionally monomer(s) f) C₁-C₄ alkyl (C₁-C₆)(alkyl)acrylates, and mixtures thereof is from 5% to 60% by weight, in particular from 10% to 55%, better still from 15% to 53% by weight, notably from 20% to 52% by weight, preferably from 30% to 50% by weight, relative to the total weight of alkyd-poly(alkyl)acrylate polymers i) contained in said composition. [00134] After application to keratin materials, the composition according to the invention produces glossy, film-forming deposits that are resistant to fatty substances at room temperature (25°C), which are notably advantageous for makeup and/or hair applications. [00135] The composition according to the invention remains stable even for several months at 20°C. [00136] Process for polymerizing the poly(alkyl)acrylate(s) e) and optionally f): [00137] Polymerization of the monomers e1) and/or e2) and optionally f) to obtain the copolymer(s) i) is preferentially performed in the presence of one or more radical initiators vii) which can be any initiator known to those skilled in the art for radical polymerization, such as peroxide and azo initiators, redox couples, and photochemical initiators. [00138] The following types of initiator may notably be mentioned: [00139] - peroxide, in particular chosen from tert-butyl peroxy-2-ethylhexanoate: Trigonox 21S; 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-bis(2-ethylhexanoylperoxy)hexane: Trigonox 141; tert-butyl peroxypivalate: Trigonox 25C75 from AkzoNobel; or [00140] - azo, in particular chosen from AIBN: azobisisobutyronitrile; V50: 2,2’-azobis(2- amidinopropane) dihydrochloride. [00141] Polymerization may be performed at a temperature ranging between 20°C and 120°C, and is preferably performed at a temperature ranging from 70°C to 110°C and at atmospheric pressure. [00142] Preferably, the monomers e1) and/or e2) and optionally f) are added simultaneously. [00143] Preferably, the condensation is performed in the presence of an organic solvent such as ethyl acetate. [00144] Preferably, the polymerization is performed under an inert atmosphere such as argon. [00145] According to one embodiment, the radical initiator(s) (radical polymerization initiators) are introduced portionwise. [00146] Preparation of the alkyd-poly(alkyl)acrylate copolymer i) [00147] Another subject of the invention is the process for preparing the copolymers i), comprising * a first step in which the compounds a), and b), and c) and optionally d) as defined previously are condensed together preferably with heating of the reaction medium preferably without solvent; and then * a second step which consists in reacting the product obtained in the preceding step with the monomers e1) and/or e2) and optionally f) in the presence of at least one radical initiator vii) as defined previously and hereinbelow, preferably with heating of the reaction medium preferably in the presence of at least one aprotic solvent; and then * optionally removing the solvent(s) present in the preceding step; and then * optionally adding at least one polar protic solvent. [00148] According to a particular embodiment, the alkyd-poly(alkyl)acrylate i) is produced in two steps. During the first step, the compounds a), and b), and c) and optionally d) are condensed together to form the alkyd, and in a second step the alkyd is then placed in contact with the monomers e1) and/or e2) and optionally f) as defined previously. [00149] According to an advantageous preparation method, the following successive steps are performed: - in a first step, the alkyd is prepared by reacting compounds a), b), c) and optionally d) as defined previously, The first step may be performed without additional solvent in the reaction medium comprising the compounds a), and b), and c) and optionally d). Preferably, the reaction medium is under an inert atmosphere (argon) optionally with stirring. In particular, the reaction medium is heated, preferably to a temperature of between 50°C and 250°C, more particularly between 100°C and 240°C, better still between 150°C and 230°C. The heating time is preferentially between 30 minutes and 12 hours, in particular from 1h to 8h. - in a second step, the alkyd-poly(alkyl)acrylate i) is prepared by reacting, preferably via free radicals, the alkyd prepared in the first step with the monomers e1) and/or e2) and optionally f) as defined previously. [00150] The alkyd is supplemented with the monomers e1), and/or e2) and optionally f), in the presence of at least one solvent, particularly a polar (a)protic organic solvent such as ethyl acetate, and of all or part vii) of at least one radical initiator as defined previously, preferably Trigonox T21S. Preferably, the reaction medium is under an inert atmosphere (argon) optionally with stirring. In particular, the reaction medium is heated or maintained at a temperature above 50°C, preferably above 70°C, better still between 80°C and 100°C, such as 90°C. According to one embodiment vii), at least one radical initiator as defined previously, preferably Trigonox 21, is once again added to the reaction medium. Preferably, the heating time is between 10 minutes and 12 hours, preferably between 1h and 10h such as 7h. [00151] One or more polar (a)protic solvents such as ethyl acetate may be added to the reaction medium optionally as a mixture with one or more liquid fatty substances (ii) such as isododecane. In particular, the polar (a)protic solvent(s) such as ethyl acetate are then removed via a conventional method such as stripping. According to one embodiment, the copolymer i) is obtained in at least one liquid fatty substance, and at least one polar protic organic solvent preferably chosen from (C₂-C₆)alkanols such as ethanol may be added. [00152] In the final alkyd-poly(alkyl)acrylate copolymer i), the “alkyd” part of the copolymer preferably represents 10% to 90% by weight, notably 45% to 60% by weight and preferentially 40% to 55% by weight relative to the dry final alkyd-poly(alkyl)acrylate copolymer i). [00153] Alkyd-poly(alkyl)acrylate copolymer i) [00154] Another subject of the invention is an alkyd-poly(alkyl)acrylate copolymer i). [00155] Preferably, the novel alkyd-poly(alkyl)acrylate copolymers i) are derived from the polycondensation of: a) one or more organic compounds comprising at least two carboxylic groups -C(O)-OH; and/or at least one anhydride group -C(O)-O-C(O)-; and b) one or more organic polyols; and c) one or more organic monocarboxylic acids including an unsaturated, linear or branched hydrocarbon-based chain, said acid(s) being optionally substituted with a hydroxyl radical; and d) optionally, one or more organic monocarboxylic acids other than c); and e) one or more monomers chosen from e2) (C₃-C₁₂)cycloalkyl (C₁-C₆)(alkyl)acrylate, preferably (C₃-C₁₂)cycloalkyl (meth)acrylate, more preferentially isobornyl (meth)acrylate, and optionally e1) (C₈-C₂₂)alkyl (C₁-C₆)(alkyl)acrylate, preferably (C₈-C₂₂)alkyl (meth)acrylate, more preferentially stearyl (meth)acrylate; and f) optionally one or more (C₁-C₄)alkyl (C₁-C₆)(alkyl)acrylate monomers, preferably (C₁-C₄)alkyl (meth)acrylate, more preferentially methyl (meth)acrylate. [00156] Preferably, the novel copolymers i) are such that the mass ratio of the compounds [a)+b)+c) + optionally d)] / i) is greater than or equal to 1, preferably between 1 and 2.5. [00157] The hydrocarbon-based fatty substance(s) ii) [00158] The composition according to the invention also comprises ii) one or more hydrocarbon-based fatty substances that are preferably liquid at room temperature (25°C) and at atmospheric pressure (1 atm or 10⁵ Pa). [00159] According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the hydrocarbon-based fatty substance(s) are liquid ii). More particularly, the liquid hydrocarbon-based fatty substance(s) ii) are chosen from hydrocarbons, in particular alkanes, oils, notably oils of plant origin, glycerides or fluorinated oils of synthetic origin, fatty alcohols, fatty acid and/or fatty alcohol esters, non-silicone waxes, and silicones; in particular, the liquid hydrocarbon-based fatty substance(s) are hydrocarbon-based oils, which are preferably volatile, or are a mixture of different volatile oils, preferentially chosen from isododecane and octyldodecanol, more particularly isododecane. [00160] The hydrocarbon-based liquid fatty substance(s) ii) are notably chosen from C₆-C₁₆ hydrocarbons or hydrocarbons comprising more than 16 carbon atoms and up to 50 carbon atoms, preferably between C₆ and C₁₆, and in particular alkanes, oils, notably oils of plant origin, glycerides, fatty alcohols, fatty acid and/or fatty alcohol esters, and silicones. [00161] It is recalled that, for the purposes of the invention, the fatty alcohols and fatty acid esters more particularly contain one or more linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon-based groups comprising 6 to 50 carbon atoms, which are optionally substituted, in particular, with one or more (in particular 1 to 4) hydroxyl groups. If they are unsaturated, these compounds may comprise one to three conjugated or non-conjugated carbon-carbon double bonds. [00162] As regards the C₆-C₁₆ alkanes, they are linear or branched, and possibly cyclic. Examples that may be mentioned include hexane, undecane, dodecane, tridecane or isoparaffins, such as isohexadecane, isodecane or isododecane, and mixtures thereof such as the combination of undecane and tridecane, for instance Cetiol UT®. The linear or branched hydrocarbons containing more than 16 carbon atoms may be chosen from liquid paraffins, petroleum jelly, liquid petroleum jelly, polydecenes, and hydrogenated polyisobutene such as Parleam^. [00163] Among the hydrocarbon-based liquid fatty substances ii) having an overall solubility parameter according to the Hansen solubility space of less than or equal to 20 (MPa)^1/2, mention may be made of oils, which may be chosen from natural or synthetic, hydrocarbon- based oils, which are optionally branched, alone or as a mixture. [00164] According to a very advantageous embodiment, the composition according to the invention comprises one or more liquid fatty substances which are one or more hydrocarbon- based oils. The hydrocarbon-based oil(s) may be volatile or non-volatile. [00165] According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the liquid hydrocarbon-based fatty substance(s) ii) are hydrocarbon-based oils which are volatile or are a mixture of different volatile oils. [00166] According to another particular embodiment, the hydrocarbon-based liquid fatty substance(s) ii) are a mixture of a volatile oil and a non-volatile oil such as an isododecane/octyldodecanol mixture. [00167] The hydrocarbon-based oil may be chosen from: hydrocarbon-based oils containing from 8 to 14 carbon atoms, and notably: - branched C₈-C₁₄ alkanes, such as C₈-C₁₄ isoalkanes of petroleum origin (also known as isoparaffins), such as isododecane (also known as 2,2,4,4,6-pentamethylheptane), isodecane and, for example, the oils sold under the Isopar or Permethyl trade names, - linear alkanes, for instance n-dodecane (C₁₂) and n-tetradecane (C₁₄) sold by Sasol under the references, respectively, Parafol 12-97 and Parafol 14-97, and also mixtures thereof, the undecane-tridecane mixture, mixtures of n-undecane (C₁₁) and of n-tridecane (C₁₃) obtained in examples 1 and 2 of patent application WO 2008/155059 from the company Cognis, and mixtures thereof, - hydrocarbon-based oils of plant origin such as triglycerides constituted of fatty acid esters of glycerol, the fatty acids of which may have chain lengths ranging from C₄ to C₂₄, these chains possibly being linear or branched, and saturated or unsaturated; these oils are notably heptanoic acid or octanoic acid triglycerides, or alternatively wheatgerm oil, sunflower oil, grapeseed oil, sesame seed oil, corn oil, apricot oil, castor oil, shea oil, avocado oil, olive oil, soybean oil, sweet almond oil, palm oil, rapeseed oil, cotton oil, hazelnut oil, macadamia oil, jojoba oil, alfalfa oil, poppy oil, pumpkin oil, sesame seed oil, marrow oil, rapeseed oil, blackcurrant oil, evening primrose oil, millet oil, barley oil, quinoa oil, rye oil, safflower oil, candlenut oil, passion flower oil or musk rose oil; shea butter; or else caprylic/capric acid triglycerides, for instance those sold by the company Stéarinerie Dubois or those sold under the names Miglyol 810^®, 812^® and 818^®, - synthetic ethers containing from 10 to 40 carbon atoms, - linear or branched hydrocarbons of mineral or synthetic origin, such as petroleum jelly, polydecenes, hydrogenated polyisobutene such as Parleam®, squalane and liquid paraffins, and mixtures thereof, - esters such as oils of formula R¹C(O)-O-R² in which R¹ represents a linear or branched fatty acid residue including from 1 to 40 carbon atoms and R² represents a, notably branched, hydrocarbon-based chain containing from 1 to 40 carbon atoms, on condition that R¹ + R² ^ 10, for instance purcellin oil (cetostearyl octanoate), isopropyl myristate, isopropyl palmitate, C₁₂ to C₁₅ alkyl benzoates, hexyl laurate, diisopropyl adipate, isononyl isononanoate, 2- ethylhexyl palmitate, isostearyl isostearate, 2-hexyldecyl laurate, 2-octyldecyl palmitate, 2- octyldodecyl myristate, alcohol or polyalcohol heptanoates, octanoates, decanoates or ricinoleates such as propylene glycol dioctanoate; hydroxylated esters such as isostearyl lactate, diisostearyl malate and 2-octyldodecyl lactate; polyol esters and pentaerythritol esters, - fatty alcohols that are liquid at room temperature, with a branched and/or unsaturated carbon- based chain containing from 12 to 26 carbon atoms, for instance octyldodecanol, isostearyl alcohol, oleyl alcohol, 2-hexyldecanol, 2-butyloctanol and 2-undecylpentadecanol. [00168] According to one embodiment of the invention, the composition comprises a silicone oil in addition to the hydrocarbon-based liquid fatty substance. If silicone oil is in said composition, it is preferably in an amount which does not exceed 10% by weight relative to the weight of the composition, more particularly in an amount of less than 5% and more preferentially less than 2% by weight relative to the weight of the composition. [00169] In particular, the composition of the invention comprises at least one hydrocarbon- based liquid fatty substance ii) chosen from: - plant oils formed by fatty acid esters of polyols, in particular triglycerides, such as sunflower oil, sesame oil, rapeseed oil, macadamia oil, soybean oil, sweet almond oil, beauty-leaf oil, palm oil, grapeseed oil, corn oil, arara oil, cottonseed oil, apricot oil, avocado oil, jojoba oil, olive oil or cereal germ oil; - linear, branched or cyclic esters containing more than 6 carbon atoms, notably 6 to 30 carbon atoms; and notably isononyl isononanoate; and more particularly the esters of formula R^d-C(O)-O-R^e in which R^d represents a higher fatty acid residue including from 7 to 19 carbon atoms and R^e represents a hydrocarbon-based chain including from 3 to 20 carbon atoms, such as palmitates, adipates, myristates and benzoates, notably diisopropyl adipate and isopropyl myristate; - hydrocarbons and notably volatile or non-volatile, linear, branched and/or cyclic alkanes, such as C₅-C₆₀ isoparaffins, which are optionally volatile, such as isododecane, Parleam (hydrogenated polyisobutene), isohexadecane, cyclohexane or Isopars; or else liquid paraffins, liquid petroleum jelly, or hydrogenated polyisobutylene; notably isododecane; - ethers containing 6 to 30 carbon atoms; - fatty monoalcohols with a hydrocarbon-based chain containing 6 to 30 carbon atoms, the hydrocarbon-based chain not including any substitution groups, such as oleyl alcohol, decanol, dodecanol, octadecanol, octyldodecanol and linoleyl alcohol; notably octyldodecanol; - polyols containing 6 to 30 carbon atoms, such as hexylene glycol; and - mixtures thereof. [00170] Advantageously, the composition of the invention comprises one or more liquid hydrocarbon-based fatty substances of the invention that are apolar, i.e. formed solely of carbon and hydrogen atoms. [00171] Preferably, the composition comprises at least one apolar liquid hydrocarbon- based fatty substance ii), preferably chosen from: - linear or branched C₈-C₃₀, in particular C₁₀-C₂₀ and more particularly C₁₀-C₁₆ alkanes, which are volatile or non-volatile, preferably volatile; - non-aromatic cyclic C₅-C₁₂ alkanes, which are volatile or non-volatile, preferably volatile; and - mixtures thereof. [00172] The liquid hydrocarbon-based fatty substance(s) ii) are preferably chosen from hydrocarbon-based oils containing from 8 to 16 carbon atoms, in particular containing from 10 to 14 carbon atoms, which are preferably volatile, more particularly the apolar oils, described previously. [00173] Among the liquid hydrocarbon-based fatty substance(s) ii), preferably chosen from branched C₈-C₁₆ and notably C₁₀-C₁₄ alkanes, which are suitable for use as liquid hydrocarbon- based fatty substances ii) in the composition of the invention, mention may be made of: [00174] - isoalkanes of petroleum origin (also known as isoparaffins), such as isododecane (also known as 2,2,4,4,6-pentamethylheptane), isodecane and, for example, the oils sold under the Isopar or Permethyl trade names, [00175] - linear alkanes, for instance n-dodecane (C₁₂) and n-tetradecane (C₁₄) sold by Sasol under the references, respectively, Parafol 12-97 and Parafol 14-97, and also mixtures thereof, the undecane-tridecane mixture, mixtures of n-undecane (C₁₁) and of n-tridecane (C₁₃) from the company Cognis, and mixtures thereof. [00176] Preferentially, the liquid hydrocarbon-based fatty substance(s) ii) of the invention are apolar, more particularly isododecane. [00177] According to another advantageous embodiment of the invention, the liquid hydrocarbon-based fatty substance(s) ii) are a mixture of non-volatile oil and volatile oil; preferably, the mixture comprises isododecane as volatile oil or a mixture of oils, notably of undecane and tridecane or else isononyl isononanoate or octyldodecanol. [00178] According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the composition comprises ii) a mixture of non-volatile oil(s) and volatile oil(s), the non-volatile oil(s) being silicone-based and particularly phenyl oils, preferably chosen from pentaphenyl silicone oils. [00179] More particularly, the liquid hydrocarbon-based fatty substance(s) ii) of the invention are volatile and are chosen from undecane, decane, dodecane, isododecane, tridecane, and a mixture thereof notably comprising dodecane, isododecane or a mixture of undecane and tridecane. [00180] Preferentially, the liquid hydrocarbon-based fatty substance(s) ii) of the invention are isododecane. [00181] Advantageously, the composition of the invention comprises one or more fatty substances, which are liquid at 25°C and at atmospheric pressure, preferably one or more oils, in a content ranging from 2% to 99.9% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition, preferably ranging from 5% to 90% by weight, preferably ranging from 10% to 80% by weight, preferably ranging from 20% to 80% by weight, more preferentially from 30% to 70%, better still from 40% to 60% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition. [00182] Organic solvent(s) other than b) [00183] According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the composition also comprises iii) one or more organic solvents different from b), which are preferably polar and/or protic. [00184] According to one embodiment, the composition of the invention comprises iii) one or more additional organic solvents different from b), preferably chosen from monoalcohols containing from 2 to 6 carbon atoms such as ethanol, propanol, n-butanol, isopropanol, isobutanol, tert-butanol, pentanol, hexanol, preferably n-butanol or ethanol, even more preferentially ethanol. [00185] According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the organic solvent(s) other than b) are present in an amount of less than 40% by weight, more preferentially less than 30% by weight, even more preferentially less than 20% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition. [00186] The cosmetic active agent(s) iv) [00187] According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the composition of the invention comprises one or more cosmetic active agents iv) chosen from g) dyes, h) pigments; i) active agents for caring for keratin materials, and j) UV (A) and/or (B) screening agents, and also k) mixtures thereof. [00188] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the cosmetic active agent(s) iv) of the invention are chosen from h) pigments. [00189] The pigment(s) more particularly represent from 0.5% to 40% by weight and preferably from 1% to 20% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition. [00190] The pigment(s) are white or coloured solid particles which are naturally insoluble in the hydrophilic and lipophilic liquid phases usually employed in cosmetics or which are rendered insoluble by formulation in the form of a lake, where appropriate. More particularly, the pigments have little or no solubility in aqueous-alcoholic media. [00191] The pigment(s) that may be used are notably chosen from the organic and/or mineral pigments known in the art, notably those described in Kirk-Othmer’s Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology and in Ullmann’s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Pigments that may notably be mentioned include organic and mineral pigments such as those defined and described in Ullmann’s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry “Pigments, Organic”, 2005 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim 10.1002/14356007.a20371 and ibid, “Pigments, Inorganic, 1. General” 2009 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KgaA, Weinheim10.1002/14356007.a20_243.pub3 [00192] These pigments may be in pigment powder or paste form. They may be coated or uncoated. The pigments may be chosen, for example, from mineral pigments, organic pigments, lakes, pigments with special effects such as nacres or glitter flakes, and mixtures thereof. [00193] The pigment(s) may be mineral pigments. [00194] The term “mineral pigment” means any pigment that satisfies the definition in Ullmann’s encyclopedia in the chapter on inorganic pigments. [00195] Among the mineral pigments that are useful in the present invention, mention may be made of iron oxides, chromium oxides, manganese violet, ultramarine blue, chromium hydrate, ferric blue and titanium oxide. [00196] The pigment(s) may be organic pigments. [00197] The term “organic pigment” means any pigment that satisfies the definition in Ullmann’s encyclopaedia in the chapter on organic pigments. [00198] The organic pigment(s) are notably chosen from nitroso, nitro, azo, xanthene, quinoline, anthraquinone, phthalocyanine, metal complex type, isoindolinone, isoindoline, quinacridone, perinone, perylene, diketopyrrolopyrrole, thioindigo, dioxazine, triphenylmethane and quinophthalone compounds. [00199] In particular, the white or coloured organic pigments are chosen from carmine, carbon black, aniline black, azo yellow, quinacridone, phthalocyanine blue, the blue pigments codified in the Color Index under the references CI 42090, 69800, 69825, 74100, 74160, the yellow pigments codified in the Color Index under the references CI 11680, 11710, 19140, 20040, 21100, 21108, 47000, 47005, the green pigments codified in the Color Index under the references CI 61565, 61570, 74260, the orange pigments codified in the Color Index under the references CI 11725, 45370, 71105, the red pigments codified in the Color Index under the references CI 12085, 12120, 12370, 12420, 12490, 14700, 15525, 15580, 15620, 15630, 15800, 15850, 15865, 15880, 26100, 45380, 45410, 58000, 73360, 73915, 75470, the pigments obtained by oxidative polymerization of indole or phenol derivatives as described in patent FR 2679771. [00200] Examples that may also be mentioned include pigment pastes of organic pigments, such as the products sold by the company Hoechst under the names: Cosmenyl Yellow IOG: Yellow 3 pigment (CI 11710); Cosmenyl G yellow: Yellow 1 pigment (CI 11680); Cosmenyl GR orange: Orange 43 pigment (CI 71105); Cosmenyl R red: Red 4 pigment (CI 12085); Cosmenyl FB carmine: Red 5 pigment (CI 12490); Cosmenyl RL violet: Violet 23 pigment (CI 51319); Cosmenyl A2R blue: Blue 15.1 pigment (CI 74160); Cosmenyl GG green: Green 7 pigment (CI 74260); Cosmenyl R black: Black 7 pigment (CI 77266). [00201] The pigments in accordance with the invention may also be in the form of composite pigments, as described in patent EP 1184426. These composite pigments may notably be composed of particles including an inorganic core, at least one binder for attaching the organic pigments to the core, and at least one organic pigment which at least partially covers the core. [00202] The organic pigment may also be a lake. The term “lake” refers to dyes adsorbed onto insoluble particles, the assembly thus obtained remaining insoluble during use. [00203] The inorganic substrates onto which the dyes are adsorbed are, for example, alumina, silica, calcium sodium borosilicate or calcium aluminium borosilicate, and aluminium. [00204] Among the dyes, mention may be made of carminic acid. Mention may also be made of the dyes known under the following names: D&C Red 21 (CI 45380), D&C Orange 5 (CI 45 370), D&C Red 27 (CI 45410), D&C Orange 10 (CI 45425), D&C Red 3 (CI 45430), D&C Red 4 (CI 15510), D&C Red 33 (CI 17200), D&C Yellow 5 (CI 19140), D&C Yellow 6 (CI 15 985), D&C Green (CI 61570), D&C Yellow 10 (CI 77002), D&C Green 3 (CI 42053), D&C Blue 1 (CI 42090). [00205] An example of a lake that may be mentioned is the product known under the following name: D&C Red 7 (CI 15850:1). [00206] The pigment(s) may also be pigments with special effects. [00207] The term “pigments with special effects” refers to pigments that generally create a coloured appearance (characterized by a certain shade, a certain vivacity and a certain level of luminance) that is non-uniform and that changes as a function of the conditions of observation (light, temperature, angles of observation, etc.). They thereby differ from coloured pigments, which afford a standard uniform opaque, semi-transparent or transparent shade. [00208] Several types of pigments with special effects exist: those with a low refractive index, such as fluorescent or photochromic pigments, and those with a higher refractive index, such as nacres, interference pigments or glitter flakes. [00209] Examples of pigments with special effects that may be mentioned include nacreous pigments such as mica coated with titanium or with bismuth oxychloride, coloured nacreous pigments such as mica covered with titanium and with iron oxides, mica covered with iron oxide, mica covered with titanium and notably with ferric blue or with chromium oxide, mica covered with titanium and with an organic pigment as defined previously, and also nacreous pigments based on bismuth oxychloride. Nacreous pigments that may be mentioned include the nacres Cellini sold by BASF (mica-TiO₂-lake), Prestige sold by Eckart (mica-TiO₂), Prestige Bronze sold by Eckart (mica-Fe₂O₃) and Colorona sold by Merck (mica-TiO₂-Fe₂O₃). [00210] Mention may also be made of the gold-coloured nacres sold notably by the company BASF under the name Brilliant Gold 212G (Timica), Gold 222C (Cloisonne), Sparkle Gold (Timica), Gold 4504 (Chromalite) and Monarch Gold 233X (Cloisonne); the bronze nacres sold notably by the company Merck under the name Bronze Fine (17384) (Colorona) and Bronze (17353) (Colorona) and by the company BASF under the name Super Bronze (Cloisonne); the orange nacres sold notably by the company BASF under the name Orange 363C (Cloisonne) and Orange MCR 101 (Cosmica) and by the company Merck under the name Passion Orange (Colorona) and Matte Orange (17449) (Microna); the brown nacres sold notably by the company BASF under the name Nu-antique Copper 340XB (Cloisonne) and Brown CL4509 (Chromalite); the nacres with a copper tint sold notably by the company BASF under the name Copper 340A (Timica); the nacres with a red tint sold notably by the company Merck under the name Sienna Fine (17386) (Colorona); the nacres with a yellow tint sold notably by the company BASF under the name Yellow (4502) (Chromalite); the red nacres with a gold tint sold notably by the company BASF under the name Sunstone G012 (Gemtone); the pink nacres sold notably by the company BASF under the name Tan Opale G005 (Gemtone); the black nacres with a gold tint sold notably by the company BASF under the name Nu-antique Bronze 240 AB (Timica), the blue nacres sold notably by the company Merck under the name Matte Blue (17433) (Microna), the white nacres with a silvery tint sold notably by the company Merck under the name Xirona Silver, and the golden-green pink-orange nacres sold notably by the company Merck under the name Indian Summer (Xirona), and mixtures thereof. [00211] Still as examples of nacres, mention may also be made of particles including a borosilicate substrate coated with titanium oxide. [00212] Particles comprising a glass substrate coated with titanium oxide are notably sold under the name Metashine MC1080RY by Toyal. [00213] Finally, examples of nacres that may also be mentioned include polyethylene terephthalate glitter flakes, notably those sold by the company Meadowbrook Inventions under the name Silver 1P 0.004X0.004 (silver glitter flakes). It is also possible to envisage multilayer pigments based on synthetic substrates, such as alumina, silica, calcium sodium borosilicate, calcium aluminium borosilicate and aluminium. [00214] The pigments with special effects may also be chosen from reflective particles, i.e. notably from particles whose size, structure, notably the thickness of the layer(s) of which they are made and their physical and chemical nature, and surface state, allow them to reflect incident light. This reflection may, where appropriate, have an intensity sufficient to create at the surface of the composition or of the mixture, when it is applied to the support to be made up, highlight points that are visible to the naked eye, i.e. more luminous points that contrast with their environment making them appear to sparkle. [00215] The reflective particles may be selected so as not to significantly alter the colouring effect generated by the colouring agents with which they are combined, and more particularly so as to optimize this effect in terms of colour rendition. They may more particularly have a yellow, pink, red, bronze, orange, brown, gold and/or coppery colour or tint. [00216] These particles may have varied forms and may notably be in platelet or globular form, in particular in spherical form. [00217] The reflective particles, whatever their form, may or may not have a multilayer structure and, in the case of a multilayer structure, may have, for example, at least one layer of uniform thickness, notably of a reflective material. [00218] When the reflective particles do not have a multilayer structure, they may be composed, for example, of metal oxides, notably titanium or iron oxides obtained synthetically. [00219] When the reflective particles have a multilayer structure, they may include, for example, a natural or synthetic substrate, notably a synthetic substrate at least partially coated with at least one layer of a reflective material, notably of at least one metal or metallic material. The substrate may be made of one or more organic and/or mineral materials. [00220] More particularly, it may be chosen from glasses, ceramics, graphite, metal oxides, aluminas, silicas, silicates, notably aluminosilicates and borosilicates, and synthetic mica, and mixtures thereof, this list not being limiting. [00221] The reflective material may include a layer of metal or of a metallic material. [00222] Reflective particles are notably described in JP-A-09188830, JP-A-10158450, JP- A-10158541, JP-A-07258460 and JP-A-05017710. [00223] Again as an example of reflective particles including a mineral substrate coated with a layer of metal, mention may also be made of particles including a silver-coated borosilicate substrate. [00224] Particles with a silver-coated glass substrate, in the form of platelets, are sold under the name Microglass Metashine REFSX 2025 PS by the company Toyal. Particles with a glass substrate coated with a nickel/chromium/molybdenum alloy are sold under the names Crystal Star GF 550 and GF 2525 by this same company. [00225] Use may also be made of particles comprising a metal substrate, such as silver, aluminium, iron, chromium, nickel, molybdenum, gold, copper, zinc, tin, magnesium, steel, bronze or titanium, said substrate being coated with at least one layer of at least one metal oxide, such as titanium oxide, aluminium oxide, iron oxide, cerium oxide, chromium oxide, silicon oxides and mixtures thereof. [00226] Examples that may be mentioned include aluminium powder, bronze powder or copper powder coated with SiO₂ sold under the name Visionaire by the company Eckart. [00227] Mention may also be made of interference pigments which are not attached to a substrate, such as liquid crystals (Helicones HC from Wacker) or interference holographic glitter flakes (Geometric Pigments or Spectra f/x from Spectratek). Special-effect pigments also comprise fluorescent pigments, whether these are substances that are fluorescent in daylight or that produce an ultraviolet fluorescence, phosphorescent pigments, photochromic pigments, thermochromic pigments and quantum dots, sold, for example, by the company Quantum Dots Corporation. [00228] The variety of pigments that may be used in the present invention makes it possible to obtain a wide range of colours, and also particular optical effects such as metallic effects or interference effects. [00229] The size of the pigment used in the composition according to the present invention is generally between 10 nm and 200 µm, preferably between 20 nm and 80 µm and more preferentially between 30 nm and 50 µm. [00230] The pigments may be dispersed in the composition by means of a dispersant. [00231] The dispersant serves to protect the dispersed particles against agglomeration or flocculation thereof. This dispersant may be a surfactant, an oligomer, a polymer or a mixture of several thereof, bearing one or more functionalities with strong affinity for the surface of the particles to be dispersed. In particular, they may become physically or chemically attached to the surface of the pigments. These dispersants also contain at least one functional group that is compatible with or soluble in the continuous medium. In particular, esters of 12- hydroxystearic acid in particular and of C₈ to C₂₀ fatty acid and of polyols such as glycerol or diglycerol are used, such as poly(12-hydroxystearic acid) stearate with a molecular weight of approximately 750 g/mol, such as the product sold under the name Solsperse 21000 by the company Avecia, polyglyceryl-2 dipolyhydroxystearate (CTFA name) sold under the reference Dehymyls PGPH by the company Henkel, or polyhydroxystearic acid such as the product sold under the reference Arlacel P100 by the company Uniqema, and mixtures thereof. [00232] As other dispersants that may be used in the compositions of the invention, mention may be made of quaternary ammonium derivatives of polycondensed fatty acids, for instance Solsperse 17 000 sold by the company Avecia, and polydimethylsiloxane/oxypropylene mixtures such as those sold by the company Dow Corning under the references DC2-5185 and DC2-5225 C. [00233] The pigments used in the composition may be surface-treated with an organic agent. [00234] Thus, the pigments surface-treated beforehand of use in the context of the invention are pigments which have been completely or partially subjected to a surface treatment of chemical, electronic, electrochemical, mechanochemical or mechanical nature with an organic agent, such as those which are described in particular in Cosmetics and Toiletries, February 1990, Vol. 105, pages 53-64, before being dispersed in the composition in accordance with the invention. These organic agents may be chosen, for example, from waxes, for example carnauba wax and beeswax; fatty acids, fatty alcohols and derivatives thereof, such as stearic acid, hydroxystearic acid, stearyl alcohol, hydroxystearyl alcohol and lauric acid and derivatives thereof; anionic surfactants; lecithins; sodium, potassium, magnesium, iron, titanium, zinc or aluminium salts of fatty acids, for example aluminium stearate or laurate; metal alkoxides; polyethylene; (meth)acrylic polymers, for example polymethyl methacrylates; polymers and copolymers containing acrylate units; alkanolamines; silicone compounds, for example silicones, in particular polydimethylsiloxanes; organofluorine compounds, for example perfluoroalkyl ethers; fluorosilicone compounds. [00235] The surface-treated pigments that are useful in the composition may also have been treated with a mixture of these compounds and/or may have undergone several surface treatments. [00236] The surface-treated pigments that are useful in the context of the present invention may be prepared according to surface-treatment techniques that are well known to those skilled in the art, or may be commercially available as is. [00237] Preferably, the surface-treated pigments are coated with an organic layer. [00238] The organic agent with which the pigments are treated may be deposited on the pigments by evaporation of solvent, chemical reaction between the molecules of the surface agent or creation of a covalent bond between the surface agent and the pigments. [00239] The surface treatment may thus be performed, for example, by chemical reaction of a surface agent with the surface of the pigments and creation of a covalent bond between the surface agent and the pigments or the fillers. This method is notably described in patent US 4 578266. [00240] An organic agent covalently bonded to the pigments will preferably be used. [00241] The agent for the surface treatment may represent from 0.1% to 50% by weight relative to the total weight of the surface-treated pigment, preferably from 0.5% to 30% by weight and even more preferentially from 1% to 20% by weight relative to the total weight of the surface-treated pigment. [00242] Preferably, the surface treatments of the pigments are chosen from the following treatments: - a PEG-silicone treatment, such as the AQ surface treatment sold by LCW; - a methicone treatment, such as the SI surface treatment sold by LCW; - a dimethicone treatment, such as the Covasil 3.05 surface treatment sold by LCW; - a dimethicone/trimethylsiloxysilicate treatment, such as the Covasil 4.05 surface treatment sold by LCW; - a magnesium myristate treatment, such as the MM surface treatment sold by LCW; - an aluminium dimyristate treatment, such as the MI surface treatment sold by Miyoshi; - a perfluoropolymethylisopropyl ether treatment, such as the FHC surface treatment sold by LCW; - an isostearyl sebacate treatment, such as the HS surface treatment sold by Miyoshi; - a perfluoroalkyl phosphate treatment, such as the PF surface treatment sold by Daito; - an acrylate/dimethicone copolymer and perfluoalkyl phosphate treatment, such as the FSA surface treatment sold by Daito; - a polymethylhydrosiloxane/perfluoroalkyl phosphate treatment, such as the FS01 surface treatment sold by Daito; - an acrylate/dimethicone copolymer treatment, such as the ASC surface treatment sold by Daito; - an isopropyl titanium triisostearate treatment, such as the ITT surface treatment sold by Daito; - an acrylate copolymer treatment, such as the APD surface treatment sold by Daito; - a perfluoroalkyl phosphate/isopropyl titanium triisostearate treatment, such as the PF + ITT surface treatment sold by Daito. [00243] According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the dispersant is present with organic or mineral pigments in submicron-sized particulate form in the dye composition. [00244] According to one embodiment, the dispersant and the pigment(s) are present in an amount (dispersant:pigment) of between 1: 4 and 4: 1, particularly between 1.5: 3.5 and 3.5: 1 or better still between 1.75: 3 and 3: 1. [00245] The dispersant(s) may thus have a silicone backbone, such as silicone polyether and dispersants of amino silicone type other than the alkoxysilanes described previously. Among the suitable dispersants that may be mentioned are: - amino silicones, i.e. silicones comprising one or more amine groups such as those sold under the names and references: BYK LPX 21879 by BYK, GP-4, GP-6, GP-344, GP-851, GP-965, GP-967 and GP-988-1, sold by Genesee Polymers, - silicone acrylates such as Tego® RC 902, Tego® RC 922, Tego® RC 1041, and Tego® RC 1043, sold by Evonik, - polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) silicones bearing carboxylic groups such as X-22162 and X- 22370 by Shin-Etsu, epoxy silicones such as GP-29, GP-32, GP-502, GP-504, GP-514, GP- 607, GP-682, and GP-695 by Genesee Polymers, or Tego® RC 1401, Tego® RC 1403, Tego® RC 1412 by Evonik. [00246] According to a particular embodiment, the dispersant(s) are of amino silicone type other than the alkoxysilanes described previously and are cationic. [00247] Preferably, the pigment(s) is (are) chosen from mineral, mixed mineral-organic, or organic pigments. [00248] In one variant of the invention, the pigment(s) according to the invention are organic pigments, preferentially organic pigments surface-treated with an organic agent chosen from silicone compounds. In another variant of the invention, the pigment(s) according to the invention are mineral pigments. [00249] The composition may comprise one or more dyes f), in particular one or more direct dyes. [00250] The term “direct dye” means natural and/or synthetic dyes, other than oxidation dyes. These are dyes which will spread superficially over the fibre. [00251] They may be ionic or nonionic, preferably cationic or nonionic. [00252] Examples of suitable direct dyes that may be mentioned include azo direct dyes; (poly)methine dyes such as cyanines, hemicyanines and styryls; carbonyl dyes; azine dyes; nitro(hetero)aryl dyes; tri(hetero)arylmethane dyes; porphyrin dyes; phthalocyanine dyes and natural direct dyes, alone or in the form of mixtures; more preferentially red iron oxides, notably iron 3 oxide. [00253] Water v) [00254] According to one embodiment of the invention, the composition is anhydrous, i.e. it comprises an amount of water less than or equal to 5% by weight of water, preferentially less than or equal to 3%, more preferentially less than or equal to 1%, better less than or equal to 0.5% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition. More particularly, the composition is free of water. [00255] According to another particular embodiment of the invention, the composition comprises water v), preferably in an amount greater than 5% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition; in particular, the amount of water in the composition is greater than 10% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition, more particularly greater than 20% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition. [00256] The alkaline agent(s) vi) [00257] According to one embodiment of the invention, the composition contains one or more alkaline agents. The mineral (or inorganic) alkaline agent(s) or mineral (or inorganic) base(s) are preferably chosen from aqueous ammonia, alkali metal carbonates or bicarbonates such as sodium or potassium carbonates and sodium or potassium bicarbonates, alkali metal or alkaline-earth metal hydroxides, such as sodium or potassium hydroxide, or mixtures thereof. [00258] According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the alkaline agent(s) are organic and in particular amines, i.e. they contain at least one substituted amine group (secondary or tertiary amine) or unsubstituted amine group (primary amine). [00259] The organic alkaline agent(s) are more preferentially chosen from organic amines with a pK_b at 25°C of less than 12, preferably of less than 10 and even more advantageously of less than 6. If the alkaline agent(s) include several amine groups, it is the pK_b corresponding to the function having the highest basicity. [00260] The composition according to the invention may also contain adjuvants normally used in the cosmetics field, such as preserving agents, nacres, thickeners and film-forming polymers other than i). [00261] The composition of the invention may be used in the form of sprays, serums, more or less thickened solutions or emulsions. [00262] A subject of the invention is also a process for making up the skin, the eyelashes or the eyebrows, which consists in applying the composition according to the invention comprising iv) one or more cosmetic active agents chosen from g) dyes and h) pigments to the skin, the eyelashes or the eyebrows. [00263] A subject of the invention is also a hair styling process, which consists in applying the composition according to the invention to the keratin fibres. [00264] Another subject of the invention is a dyeing process which consists in applying to keratin fibres such as the hair, the skin, the eyelashes or the eyebrows the composition according to the invention comprising iv) one or more cosmetic active agents chosen from g) dyes and h) pigments. [00265] The invention is illustrated in greater detail in the examples that follow.

EXAMPLES [00266] All the percentages of reagents described in the examples are weight percentages. [00267] Example 1: Synthesis of an alkyd poly(isobornyl methacrylate-co-methyl methacrylate) polymer in isododecane [00268] The overall composition of the alkyd polymethacrylate i) is: [00269] [Table 1] Ingredients Amount (g%) Nouracid DE402 c) 13.3 Octanoic acid d) 23.1 Alkyd Homophthalic acid a) 16.8 Pentaerythritol b) 16.8 P_{oly(meth)acrylate}^{Isobornyl methacrylate e2) 20} Methyl methacrylate f) 10 [00270] Step 1: Synthesis of the alkyd [00271] Amount of reagents [00272] [Table 2] Ingredients Mass (g) Homophthalic acid a) 24 Pentaerythritol b) 24 Nouracid DE402 (unsaturated C18) c) 19 Octanoic acid d) 33 [00273] Procedure [00274] Homophthalic acid a), pentaerythritol b), Nouracid DE402 c) and octanoic acid d) are placed in a 0.5-litre reactor. The reactor is maintained under an inert atmosphere (argon) throughout the synthesis (sparging). The mixture is heated at 180°C for 1 hour. The temperature is increased to 230°C. Duration of synthesis to obtain the alkyd: about 6 hours. Step 2: Synthesis of the alkyd poly(isobornyl methacrylate-co-methyl methacrylate) polymer in isododecane i) [00275] Amount of reagents [00276] [Table 3] Ingredients Mass (g) Alkyd of step 1 70 Isobornyl methacrylate e2) 20 Methyl methacrylate f) 10 Trigonox T21S (Step 1 + Step 2) vii) 0.5 + 0.5 Ethyl acetate (Step 1 + Stripping) 50 + 50 Isododecane ii) (Step 2 + before Stripping) 50+100 [00277] Procedure [00278] The alkyd, ethyl acetate (50 g), isobornyl methacrylate e4'), methyl methacrylate e4'') and half of the radical initiator Trigonox T21S vii) are introduced into the reactor as a tank stock to perform step 1. The medium is sparged with inert gas (argon) for 10 minutes. [00279] The medium is heated to 90°C (oil bath nominal temperature). After 2 h, isododecane (50 g) and the remaining Trigonox T21S are added (step 2). [00280] After 7 h of heating, stripping is performed by adding ethyl acetate (50 g) and isododecane (100 g), followed by evaporation of the remaining volatile compounds such as the ethyl acetate. [00281] After stripping, the alkyd poly(isobornyl methacrylate-co-methyl methacrylate) polymer i) is at a solids content of 52.5% in isododecane, and ethanol is then added to obtain a polymer at a solids content of 50% (containing 5% ethanol). The composition thus obtained is stable even after 3 months at 20°C. [00282] Example 2: Synthesis of an alkyd poly(isobornyl methacrylate-co-stearyl methacrylate-co-methyl methacrylate) polymer in isododecane [00283] The overall composition of the alkyd polymethacrylate i) is: [00284] [Table 4] Ingredients Amount (g%) Nouracid DE402 c) 13.3 Alkyd Octanoic acid d) 23.1 Homophthalic acid a) 16.8 Pentaerythritol b) 16.8 Isobornyl methacrylate e2) 18 Poly(meth)acrylate Stearyl methacrylate e1) 2 Methyl methacrylate f) 10 [00285] Step 1: Synthesis of the alkyd [00286] Amount of reagents [00287] [Table 5] Ingredients Mass (g) Nouracid DE402 19 Octanoic acid 33 Homophthalic acid 24 Pentaerythritol 24 [00288] Procedure [00289] Homophthalic acid, octanoic acid, pentaerythritol and Nouracid DE402 are placed in a 0.5 litre reactor. The reactor is maintained under an argon atmosphere throughout the synthesis (sparging). The mixture is heated at 180°C for 1 hour. The temperature is increased to 230°C. Duration of synthesis: about 6 hours. [00290] Step 2: Synthesis of the alkyd poly(isobornyl methacrylate-co-methyl methacrylate) polymer in isododecane [00291] Amount of reagents [00292] [Table 6] Ingredients Mass (g) Alkyd of step 1 70 Isobornyl methacrylate 18 Stearyl methacrylate 2 Methyl methacrylate 10 Trigonox T21S (Step 1 + Step 2) 0.5 + 0.5 Ethyl acetate (Step 1 + Stripping) 50 + 50 Isododecane (Step 2 + before Stripping) 50 + 100 [00293] Procedure [00294] The alkyd, ethyl acetate (50 g), isobornyl methacrylate, stearyl methacrylate, methyl methacrylate and half of the radical initiator Trigonox T21S are introduced into the reactor as a tank stock to perform step 1. The medium is sparged with argon for 10 minutes. [00295] The medium is heated to 90°C (oil bath nominal temperature). After 2 h, isododecane (50 g) and the remaining Trigonox T21S are added (step 2). [00296] After 7 h of heating, stripping is performed by adding ethyl acetate (50 g) and isododecane (100 g), followed by evaporation of the volatile compounds such as the ethyl acetate. [00297] After stripping, the alkyd poly(isobornyl methacrylate-co-stearyl methacrylate- co-methyl methacrylate) polymer i) is at a solids content of 35% in isododecane, and ethanol is then added to obtain a polymer at a solids content of 32% (containing 10% ethanol). The composition thus obtained is stable even after 3 months at 20°C. [00298] Example 3: Synthesis of a Version 2 alkyd - poly(isobornyl methacrylate) polymer in isododecane [00299] The overall composition of the alkyd poly(meth)acrylate polymer is: [00300] [Table 7] Ingredients Amount (g%) Nouracid DE402 c) 12.5 Alkyd Octanoic acid d) 15 50% Sebacic acid a) 11.5 Pentaerythritol b) 11 Poly(meth)acrylate Isobornyl methacrylate e2) 50 50% x x [00301] Step 1: Synthesis of the alkyd [00302] Amount of reagents [00303] [Table 8] Ingredients Mass (g) Nouracid DE402 25 Octanoic acid 30 Sebacic acid 23 Pentaerythritol 22 [00304] Procedure [00305] Sebacic acid, octanoic acid, pentaerythritol and Nouracid DE402 are placed in a 0.5 litre reactor. The reactor is maintained under an argon atmosphere throughout the synthesis (sparging). The mixture is heated at 180°C for 1 hour. The temperature is increased to 230°C. Duration of synthesis: about 6 hours. [00306] Ia < 5 mg/g at the end of the reaction Ia = acid number [00307] Cone-plate viscosity (No.5 Brookfield CAP 1000 + viscometer at 50°C) = 1072 cP [00308] Step 2: Synthesis of the alkyd - polyisobornyl methacrylate polymer in isododecane [00309] Amount of reagents [00310] [Table 9] Ingredients Mass (g) Alkyd of step 1 50 Isobornyl methacrylate 50 Trigonox T21S (Step 1 + Step 2) 0.5 + 0.5 Ethyl acetate (Step 1 + Stripping) 75 + 50 Isododecane (Step 2 + before Stripping) 75 + 100 [00311] Procedure [00312] The alkyd, ethyl acetate (75 g), isobornyl methacrylate and half of the radical initiator Trigonox T21S are introduced into the reactor as a tank stock to perform step 1. The medium is sparged with argon for 10 minutes. [00313] The medium is heated to 90°C (oil bath nominal temperature). After 2 h, isododecane (50 g) and the remaining Trigonox T21S are added (step 2). [00314] After 7 h of heating, stripping is performed by adding ethyl acetate (50 g) and isododecane (100 g), followed by evaporation of the volatile compounds such as the ethyl acetate. [00315] After stripping, the alkyd - poly(isobornyl methacrylate) polymer is at a solids content of 50% in the isododecane. The composition thus obtained is stable even after 3 months at 20°C. [00316] Example 4: Synthesis of an alkyd - polyisobornyl acrylate polymer in isododecane [00317] The overall composition of the alkyd polyacrylate i) is: [00318] [Table 10] Ingredients Amount (g%) Nouracid DE402 c) 12.5 Alkyd Octanoic acid d) 15 50% Sebacic acid a) 11.5 Pentaerythritol b) 11 Poly(meth)acrylate Isobornyl acrylate e2) 50 50% x x [00319] Step 1: Synthesis of the alkyd [00320] Amount of reagents [00321] [Table 11] Ingredients Mass (g) Nouracid DE402 25 Octanoic acid 30 Sebacic acid 23 Pentaerythritol 22 [00322] Procedure [00323] Sebacic acid, octanoic acid, pentaerythritol and Nouracid DE402 are placed in a 0.5 litre reactor. The reactor is maintained under an argon atmosphere throughout the synthesis (sparging). The mixture is heated at 180°C for 1 hour. The temperature is increased to 230°C. Duration of synthesis: about 6 hours. [00324] Step 2: Synthesis of the alkyd - polyisobornyl acrylate polymer in isododecane [00325] Amount of reagents [00326] [Table 12] Ingredients Mass (g) Alkyd of step 1 50 Isobornyl acrylate 50 Trigonox T21S (Step 1 + Step 2) 0.5 + 0.5 Ethyl acetate (Step 1 + Stripping) 75 + 50 Isododecane (Step 2 + before Stripping) 75 + 100 [00327] Procedure [00328] The alkyd, ethyl acetate (75 g), isobornyl acrylate and half of the radical initiator Trigonox T21S are introduced into the reactor as a tank stock to perform step 1. The medium is sparged with argon for 10 minutes. [00329] The medium is heated to 90°C (oil bath nominal temperature). After 2 h, isododecane (50 g) and the remaining Trigonox T21S are added (step 2). [00330] After 7 h of heating, stripping is performed by adding ethyl acetate (50 g) and isododecane (100 g), followed by evaporation of the volatile compounds such as the ethyl acetate. After stripping, the alkyd - polyisobornyl acrylate polymer is at a solids content of 50% in the isododecane. The composition thus obtained is stable even after 3 months at 20°C. [00331] Example 5: Synthesis of an alkyd poly(isobornyl methacrylate-co-isobornyl acrylate) polymer in isododecane [00332] The overall composition of the alkyd poly(meth)acrylate polymer is: [00333] [Table 13] Ingredients Amount (g%) Nouracid DE402 c) 12.5 Alkyd Octanoic acid d) 15 50% Sebacic acid a) 11.5 Pentaerythritol b) 11 Poly(meth)acrylate Isobornyl methacrylate e2) 25 50% Isobornyl acrylate e2) 25 [00334] Step 1: Synthesis of the alkyd [00335] Amount of reagents [00336] [Table 14] Ingredients Mass (g) Nouracid DE402 25 Octanoic acid 30 Sebacic acid 23 Pentaerythritol 22 [00337] Procedure [00338] Sebacic acid, octanoic acid, pentaerythritol and Nouracid DE402 are placed in a 0.5 litre reactor. The reactor is maintained under an argon atmosphere throughout the synthesis (sparging). The mixture is heated at 180°C for 1 hour. The temperature is increased to 230°C. Duration of synthesis: about 6 hours. [00339] Acid number Ia < 5 mg/g at the end of the reaction [00340] Cone-plate viscosity (No.5 Brookfield CAP 1000 + viscometer at 50°C) = 1072 cP [00341] Step 2: Synthesis of the alkyd poly(isobornyl methacrylate-co-isobornyl acrylate) polymer i) in isododecane [00342] Amount of reagents [00343] [Table 15] Ingredients Mass (g) Alkyd of step 1 50 Isobornyl methacrylate 25 Isobornyl acrylate 25 Trigonox T21S (Step 1 + Step 2) 0.5 + 0.5 Ethyl acetate (Step 1 + Stripping) 75 + 50 Isododecane (Step 2 + before Stripping) 75 + 100 [00344] Procedure [00345] The alkyd, ethyl acetate (75 g), isobornyl methacrylate, isobornyl acrylate and half of the radical initiator Trigonox T21S are introduced into the reactor as a tank stock to perform step 1. The medium is sparged with argon for 10 minutes. [00346] The medium is heated to 90°C (oil bath nominal temperature). After 2 h, isododecane (50 g) and the remaining Trigonox T21S are added (step 2). [00347] After 7 h of heating, stripping is performed by adding ethyl acetate (50 g) and isododecane (100 g), followed by evaporation of the volatile compounds such as the ethyl acetate. After stripping, the alkyd - poly(isobornyl methacrylate-co-isobornyl acrylate) polymer is at a solids content of 50% in the isododecane. The composition thus obtained is stable even after 3 months at 20°C. [00348] Example 6: Synthesis of an alkyd poly(isobornyl methacrylate-co-isobornyl acrylate) polymer in isododecane [00349] The overall composition of the alkyd poly(meth)acrylate polymer i) is: [00350] [Table 16] Ingredients Amount (g%) Nouracid DE402 c) 12.5 Alkyd Octanoic acid d) 15 50% Sebacic acid a) 11.5 Pentaerythritol b) 11 Poly(meth)acrylate Isobornyl methacrylate e5’) 35 50% Isobornyl acrylate e5’’) 15 [00351] Step 1: Synthesis of the alkyd [00352] Amount of reagents [00353] [Table 17] Ingredients Mass (g) Nouracid DE402 25 Octanoic acid 30 Sebacic acid 23 Pentaerythritol 22 [00354] Procedure [00355] Sebacic acid, octanoic acid, pentaerythritol and Nouracid DE402 are placed in a 0.5 litre reactor. The reactor is maintained under an argon atmosphere throughout the synthesis (sparging). The mixture is heated at 180°C for 1 hour. The temperature is increased to 230°C. Duration of synthesis: about 6 hours. [00356] Acid number Ia < 5 mg/g at the end of the reaction [00357] Cone-plate viscosity (No.5 Brookfield CAP 100 + viscometer at 50°C) = 1072 cP [00358] Step 2: Synthesis of the alkyd poly(isobornyl methacrylate-co-isobornyl acrylate) polymer i) in isododecane [00359] Amount of reagents [00360] [Table 18] Ingredients Mass (g) Alkyd of step 1 50 Isobornyl methacrylate 35 Isobornyl acrylate 15 Trigonox T21S (Step 1 + Step 2) 0.5 + 0.5 Ethyl acetate (Step 1 + Stripping) 75 + 50 Isododecane (Step 2 + before Stripping) 75 + 100 [00361] Procedure [00362] The alkyd, ethyl acetate (75 g), isobornyl methacrylate, isobornyl acrylate and half of the radical initiator Trigonox T21S are introduced into the reactor as a tank stock to perform step 1. The medium is sparged with argon for 10 minutes. [00363] The medium is heated to 90°C (oil bath nominal temperature). After 2 h, isododecane (50 g) and the remaining Trigonox T21S are added (step 2). [00364] After 7 h of heating, stripping is performed by adding ethyl acetate (50 g) and isododecane (100 g), followed by evaporation of the volatile compounds such as the ethyl acetate. [00365] After stripping, the alkyd - poly(isobornyl methacrylate-co-isobornyl acrylate) polymer is at a solids content of 50% in the isododecane. The composition thus obtained is stable even after 3 months at 20°C. [00366] Example 7: Synthesis of an alkyd poly(isobornyl methacrylate-co-isobornyl acrylate) polymer in isododecane [00367] The overall composition of the alkyd poly(meth)acrylate polymer i) is: [00368] [Table 19] Ingredients Amount (g%) Nouracid DE402 c) 12.5 Alkyd 50% Octanoic acid d) 15 Sebacic acid a) 11.5 Pentaerythritol b) 11 Poly(meth)acrylate Isobornyl methacrylate e5’) 15 50% Isobornyl acrylate e5’’) 35 [00369] Step 1: Synthesis of the alkyd [00370] Amount of reagents [00371] [Table 20] Ingredients Mass (g) Nouracid DE402 25 Octanoic acid 30 Sebacic acid 23 Pentaerythritol 22 [00372] Procedure [00373] Sebacic acid, octanoic acid, pentaerythritol and Nouracid DE402 are placed in a 0.5 litre reactor. The reactor is maintained under an argon atmosphere throughout the synthesis (sparging). The mixture is heated at 180°C for 1 hour. The temperature is increased to 230°C. Duration of synthesis: about 6 hours. [00374] Acid number Ia < 5 mg/g at the end of the reaction [00375] Cone-plate viscosity (No.5 Brookfield CAP 1000 + viscometer at 50°C) = 1072 cP [00376] Step 2: Synthesis of the alkyd poly(isobornyl methacrylate-co-isobornyl acrylate) polymer in isododecane [00377] Amount of reagents [00378] [Table 21] Ingredients Mass (g) Alkyd of step 1 50 Isobornyl methacrylate 15 Isobornyl acrylate 35 Trigonox T21S (Step 1 + Step 2) 0.5 + 0.5 Ethyl acetate (Step 1 + Stripping) 75 + 50 Isododecane (Step 2 + before Stripping) 75 + 100 [00379] Procedure [00380] The alkyd, ethyl acetate (75 g), isobornyl methacrylate, isobornyl acrylate and half of the radical initiator Trigonox T21S are introduced into the reactor as a tank stock to perform step 1. The medium is sparged with argon for 10 minutes. [00381] The medium is heated to 90°C (oil bath nominal temperature). After 2 h, isododecane (50 g) and the remaining Trigonox T21S are added (step 2). [00382] After 7 h of heating, stripping is performed by adding ethyl acetate (50 g) and isododecane (100 g), followed by evaporation of the volatile compounds such as the ethyl acetate. [00383] After stripping, the alkyd - poly(isobornyl methacrylate-co-isobornyl acrylate) polymer is at a solids content of 50% in the isododecane. The composition thus obtained is stable even after 3 months at 20°C. Hair application: 1/ Hair dyeing [00384] Evaluations were performed according to a one-step protocol: [00385] The various steps of the protocol for application to natural keratin fibres containing 90% white hairs (90% NW hair) are according to the following routine: 1) Application to dry hair of the “base coat” in a bath ratio of 0.5 g of formulation/g of hair; 2) The lock is dried with a hairdryer; 3) The evaluations in terms of resistance to shampoo washing(s) are thus performed 24 hours after the application; 4) The colorimetric data for each of the locks were evaluated and measured in the L*a*b* system with a spectrophotometer such as a Minolta® CM-3610d machine (illuminant D65). [00386] In the L* a* b* system, the three parameters respectively denote the intensity (L*), the hue (a*) and the saturation (b*). According to this system, the higher the value of L, the lighter or less intense the colour. Conversely, the lower the value of L, the darker or more intense the colour. a* and b* indicate two colour axes, a* indicates the green/red colour axis and b* indicates the blue/yellow colour axis. [00387] The variation in coloration between the dyed locks of natural white hair that are untreated (control) and after treatment (dyeing) are defined by ΔE*, corresponding to the colour build-up on the keratin fibres, according to the following equation: [Math 1]

[00388] In this equation, L*, a* and b* represent the values measured after dyeing natural hair comprising 90% white hairs and L*₀, a₀* and b₀* represent the values measured for untreated natural hair comprising 90% white hairs (N90W). [00389] The variation in coloration between the dyed locks that are untreated and after successive shampoo washes are defined by ΔE**, corresponding to the loss of colour on the keratin fibres, according to the following equation: [00390] [Math 2]

[00391] In this equation, L**, a** and b** represent the values measured after successive shampoo washing of the dyed hair, and L₀**, a₀** and b₀** represent the values measured just after dyeing and before shampoo washing. [00392] The chromaticity in the CIE L*, a*, b* colorimetric system is calculated according to the following equation: [00393] [Math 3]

[00395] The locks of dyed hair are combed, moistened with a trickle of water at 35°C and then passed between the fingers five times and squeezed dry between two fingers. A standard shampoo (Garnier Ultra Doux®) is then applied uniformly to the locks, in a proportion of 0.4 g of shampoo per gram of locks, the locks of hair being massaged gently along their length. Ten successive strokes are performed from the root to the end. The locks impregnated with shampoo are rinsed under a trickle of water at 35°C while passing each lock between the fingers (15 passes) and then by squeezing them dry between two fingers before the next shampoo wash. Once the desired number of shampoo washes has been performed, the locks of hair are combed and then dried with a hairdryer. Application – copolymer i) – Pigment: Iron 3 oxide [00396] The tests in terms of resistance to shampoo washing were observed for the following alkyd-poly(alkyl)acrylate i) + pigment combination [00397] [Table 22] Ingredients g% starting material SM: alkyd-poly(alkyl)acrylate i) 12.5 (a.m.) Iron 3 oxide pigment 3 Ethanol 2.5 Isododecane qs [00398] (a.m.) = active material [00399] Colorimetric measurements with Example 4 [00400] [Table 23] ΔE** (loss of coloration after five L a b shampoo washes) N90W lock 62.03 0.85 16.17 / 0 shampoo 4^1.47_{21.71 17.24} washes 1.41 5 shampoo 40.28 21.51 18.01 washes [00401] It is seen that after application of the composition of the invention, the keratin fibres are uniformly coloured a chromatic red. The colour build-up is very satisfactory. Even after five successive shampoo washes, there was no observed difference in colour, which remained red and chromatic. This visual observation was corroborated by the results of the spectrocolorimeter measurements. Specifically, the chromaticity, for example, remains very good even after five successive shampoo washes (27.72 after dyeing, vs. 28.04 after five shampoo washes). It should be noted that the measurements produced are based on 10 measurements, and the results given in the tables correspond to the average over the 10 measurements. [00402] [Table 24] Ingredients g% SM: alkyd-poly(alkyl)acrylate i) 25 (a.m.) Iron 3 oxide pigment 6 Ethanol 5 Isododecane qs [00403] Colorimetric measurements with Example 4: [00404] It is seen that after application of the composition of the invention, the keratin fibres are uniformly coloured a chromatic red. The colour build-up is very satisfactory. The chromaticity is very satisfactory and is persistent even after five shampoo washes (29.64 vs. 30.41). 2/ Styling application: [00405] Styling evaluation protocol: [00406] The styling evaluation protocol is detailed below: [00407] A 1 g lock of natural hair containing 90% white hair strands laid out on aluminium foil is soaked with 2 g of a solution containing the polymer at 25% in isododecane/ethanol. The lock is then wound onto an iron bar over a length of about 5 cm and held by a hair clip. [00408] The lock is measured immediately after application and 24 hours later, after storage at room temperature. [00409] To check the water resistance after the 24-hour measurements, the locks are immersed in a water bath for 20 minutes, dried at room temperature (25°C) and then measured. [00410] Protocol: The following composition is applied [00411] [Table 25] Ingredients g% SM: alkyd-poly(alkyl)acrylate i) 25 (a.m.) Ethanol 5 Isododecane qs Example 7: Styling application measurements [00412] [Table 26] Length (cm) On support After 24h after After 20 min in 24h after water unrolling unrolling water bath bath Isododecane 5 8 12 18 18 Example 4 6 6 6 6 8 Example 7 6 6 6 6 8 [00413] It is seen that the curls obtained after treating the keratin fibres with the compositions of the invention which comprise the alkyd-poly(alkyl)acrylates i) (Ex. 4 and 7) afford significantly longer-lasting curls than the comparative compositions free of i). 3/ Skin application: [00414] Evaluations of the properties [00415] Preparation of the deposits [00416] In a first stage, a deposit is produced on a vitro support such as byko-charts, black scrub panels from the company Byk, with a cylinder calibrated at 100 µm. The film is left to dry for 24h at room temperature. Once dry, the film has a thickness of about 50 µm. [00417] After drying for 24h, evaluations of the deposits are performed: [00418] Measurement of the chemical resistance to fats [00419] Deposition of 0.5 mL of olive oil or of water over 5 minutes onto the deposit. After 5 minutes of contact, cotton wool is wiped over 15 times and the degradation of the deposit is observed. [00420] Measurement of the gloss [00421] Measurement of the gloss with a glossmeter The gloss is read at an angle of 20° (the most discerning angle). [00422] Results [00423] [Table 27] Example 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Water resistance +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ Olive oil resistance +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ Gloss at 20° 85 81 42 93 75 71 86 Observatio glossy glossy Sati Ultra n ny glossy glossy glossy glossy [00424] The end result was that deposits that are resistant to water/olive oil/sebum attack and glossy were obtained. [00425] The evaluation was carried out in the following way: +++: resistance property evaluated as very effective ++: resistance property evaluated as moderately effective +: resistance property evaluated as not very effective 0: resistance property evaluated as ineffective [00426] Evaluations in simplex formulations were conducted to show the performance for skin application. [00427] Single-action applications: [00428] A composition according to the invention containing an alkyd-poly(alkyl)acrylate i), the pigment iv), the solvents (isododecane with optional presence of ethanol) was produced using a Speed Mixer (2 minutes - 3500 rpm). [00429] This composition was applied to a Bioskin type vitro support (elastomeric skin- equivalent support) using a film spreader (wet thickness 100 µm). The deposit is left to dry for 24h. [00430] Resistance to adhesive tape [00431] A piece of adhesive tape (Scotch® Magic™ 810 from 3M; w = 19 mm, L = 5 cm) is applied to the film of composition according to the invention. A weight of approximately 1070 g is placed on the piece of adhesive tape for 30 seconds. The adhesive tape was then removed and mounted on a slide holder so as to properly observe the result. The adherence of the film to the support is thus evaluated (see Figure 1). [00432] Fragmentation test of the formulations on BioSkin [00433] As for the olive oil and adhesive tape resistance tests, films are applied onto a Bioskin sample. After a day of drying, the Bioskin sheet is stretched 10 times by hand force. The result may then be observed on the formulation film (fragmentation or otherwise). Two response examples are shown in Fig.2 and Fig.3 according to the present invention. [00434] The evaluation was carried out in the following way: +++: Physical constraint property evaluated as very effective ++: Physical constraint property evaluated as moderately effective +: Physical constraint property evaluated as not very effective 0: Physical constraint property evaluated as ineffective [00435] [Table 28] Ingredients g% SM: alkyd-poly(alkyl)acrylate i) 25 (a.m.) Pigment 6 Ethanol 5 Isododecane qs [00436] The evaluation results are summarized in the table below: [00437] [Table 29] Example 4 Example 7 Blue Al +++ +++ Adhesive tape Iron 3 oxide +++ +++ D&C Red 7 +++ +++ Blue Al +++ +++ Stretching Iron 3 oxide +++ +++ D&C Red 7 +++ +++ [00438] It is seen that after application to the substrate, the coloured compositions remain very resistant to the stretching and abrasion physical constraints.

Claims

Claims [Claim 1] Composition, notably a cosmetic composition, which comprises i) one or more alkyd-poly(alkyl)acrylate copolymers derived from the polycondensation of: a) one or more organic compounds comprising at least two carboxylic groups -C(O)-OH; and/or at least one anhydride group -C(O)-O-C(O)-; and b) one or more organic polyols; and c) one or more organic monocarboxylic acids including an unsaturated, linear or branched hydrocarbon-based chain, said acid(s) being optionally substituted with one or more hydroxyl groups; and d) optionally, one or more organic monocarboxylic acids other than c); and e) one or more monomers chosen from e1) (C₈-C₂₂)alkyl (C₁-C₆)(alkyl)acrylate; and e2) (C₃- C₁₂)cycloalkyl (C₁-C₆)(alkyl)acrylate; and f) optionally one or more (C₁-C₄)alkyl (C₁-C₆)(alkyl)acrylate monomers. [Claim 2] Composition according to the preceding claim, in which the organic compound(s) comprising at least two carboxyl groups -C(O)-OH a) are chosen from linear, branched, saturated or unsaturated acyclic, and/or saturated or unsaturated, aromatic or non-aromatic cyclic, polycarboxylic acids, comprising at least 2 carboxylic groups -C(O)- OH, notably 2 to 4 -C(O)-OH groups, particularly comprising 2 to 40 carbon atoms, notably 3 to 18, and even better 4 to 14 carbon atoms, or even 5 to 12 carbon atoms; preferentially, a) is/are saturated, linear hydrocarbon-based and comprises 2 to 20 carbon atoms, notably 3 to 18 carbon atoms, or even 4 to 12 carbon atoms; or else is monocyclic or bicyclic, particularly monocyclic, preferably aromatic, and comprises 5 to 10 carbon atoms, such as phenyl; preferably, the compound(s) a) are chosen from adipic acid, sebacic acid, and homophthalic acid and better still sebacic acid. [Claim 3] Composition according to Claim 1 or 2, in which the organic compound(s) comprising at least two carboxylic groups -C(O)-OH a) are chosen from dicarboxylic acids, preferably chosen from oxalic acid, succinic acid, adipic acid, sebacic acid, isophthalic acid, homophthalic acid, azelaic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, fumaric acid and maleic acid, the compound having the following formula:

, preferably homophthalic acid. [Claim 4] Composition according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the compound(s) a) represent between 5% and 60% by weight, notably between 10% and 50% by weight, better still between 15% and 40% by weight, and even better still between 20% and 30% by weight relative to the total weight of the final alkyd resulting from the condensation of the ingredients a), b), c) and d)- and/or represent between 0.5% and 55% by weight, particularly between 1% and 45% by weight, notably from 1.5% to 35% by weight, better still from 5% to 25% by weight and even better still from 10% to 20% by weight relative to the total weight of the alkyd-poly(alkyl)acrylate copolymer(s) i). [Claim 5] Composition according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the organic polyol(s) b) comprise 3 to 6 hydroxyl (OH) groups, notably 3 to 4 hydroxyl groups, are saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched, acyclic, hydrocarbon-based groups, and/or saturated or unsaturated, monocyclic or polycyclic, aromatic or non-aromatic groups, comprising 3 to 18 carbon atoms, notably 4 to 14, or even 5 to 10 carbon atoms, and at least 3 hydroxyl groups, and may also comprise one or more heteroatoms chosen from O, S and N, preferably, said heteroatom(s) possibly being intercalated in the chain and/or in the ring(s); the organic polyol(s) b) are more particularly chosen from: - triols, such as 1,2,6-hexanetriol, trimethylolethane, trimethylolpropane or glycerol; - tetraols, such as pentaerythritol, erythritol, diglycerol or ditrimethylolpropane; - pentols such as xylitol; - hexols such as sorbitol and mannitol, or else dipentaerythritol or triglycerol; more preferentially, the organic polyol(s) b) of the invention are chosen from glycerol, pentaerythritol, sorbitol and mixtures thereof, and better still the polyol is pentaerythritol. [Claim 6] Composition according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the compound(s) b) represent between 5% and 50% by weight, notably 7% to 40% by weight and better still 10% to 35% by weight, relative to the total weight of the copolymer(s), of the final alkyd (resulting from the condensation of the ingredients a), b), c) and d)); and/or preferably represent 0.5% to 45% by weight, notably 0.6% to 35% by weight and better still from 1% to 30% by weight relative to the total weight of the polyalkyd or of the poly(alkyl)acrylates) i). [Claim 7] Composition according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the organic monocarboxylic acid(s) c) comprise at least one unsaturated, linear or branched hydrocarbon-based chain, said hydrocarbon-based chain comprising at least 7 carbon atoms, and which may be substituted with one or more hydroxyl groups; in particular, the monocarboxylic acid(s) with an unsaturated hydrocarbon-based chain include a linear, or branched and/or cyclic hydrocarbon-based chain comprising 7 to 32 carbon atoms, notably 8 to 28 carbon atoms, better still 10 to 24 or even 12 to 20 carbon atoms, said hydrocarbon- based chain possibly being substituted with one or more hydroxyl groups; preferably, the monocarboxylic acid(s) with an unsaturated hydrocarbon-based chain c) represent a compound of the following formula (III), and also the salts thereof and the geometrical isomers (Z/E or cis/trans) thereof R^a-C(O)-OH (III), in which formula (III) R^a is an unsaturated, linear, branched and/or cyclic hydrocarbon-based radical comprising 6 to 31 carbon atoms, notably 7 to 27 carbon atoms, and even better 9 to 23 carbon atoms, or even 11 to 19 carbon atoms, said radical possibly being substituted with one or two hydroxyl groups; more preferentially, R^a represents a (C₆-C₃₁)alkenyl, particularly (C₇-C₂₇)alkenyl, more particularly (C₉-C₂₃)alkenyl, better still (C₁₁-C₁₉)alkenyl and even better still (C₁₃- C₁₇)alkenyl group; more preferentially, the alkenyl group is linear and comprises from 1 to 5 unsaturations (preferably 1 to 3 double bonds, more preferentially one double bond). [Claim 8] Composition according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the organic monocarboxylic acid(s) c) are chosen from unsaturated fatty acids of natural origin and preferentially of plant origin, which are mono-unsaturated, di-unsaturated or tri-unsaturated, notably omega-3, omega-6, omega-9 and omega-12; more preferentially obtained from plant oils extracted from various plants such as sunflower, rapeseed, castor, lesquerella, olive, soybean, palm, coriander, celery, dill, carrot, fennel, Limnanthes alba (meadowfoam), hemp seed oil, blackcurrant and mixtures thereof. [Claim 9] Composition according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the organic monocarboxylic acid(s) c) are chosen, alone or as a mixture, from: - monounsaturated monocarboxylic acids chosen from caproleic acid (cis-9-decenoic acid), obtusilic acid (cis-4-decenoic acid), decenoic acid (or 9-decenoic acid), undecylenic acid (or 10-undecenoic acid), dodecylenic acid, linderic acid (cis-4-dodecenoic acid), myristoleic acid (cis-9-tetradecenoic acid), physeteric acid (cis-5-tetradecenoic acid), tsuzuic acid (cis-4- tetradecenoic acid), palmitoleic acid (9Z-hexadecenoic acid or trans-9-hexadecenoic acid, or C16:1 ω-7), oleic acid (9Z-octadecenoic acid, or C18:1 ω-9), petroselinic acid (cis-6- octadecenoic), vaccenic acid (cis-11-octadecenoic), elaidic acid (trans-9-octadecenoic, C18:1, ω-9), 11-eicosenoic acid (11Z-eicosenoic acid, or C20:1 ω-9- also called gondoic acid, gadoleic acid, erucic acid), erucic acid (13Z-docosenoic acid, or C22:1 ω-9), ketoleic acid (11- docosenoic acid, or C22:1), nervonic acid (15Z-tetracosenoic acid, or C24:1 ω-9), and - polyunsaturated monocarboxylic acids chosen from linoleic acid (9Z,12Z-octadecadienoic acid, or C18:2 ω-6), linolenic acid, α-linolenic acid (9Z,12Z,15Z-octadecatrienoic acid, or C18:3 ω-3), γ-linolenic acid (6Z,9Z,12Z-octadecatrienoic acid, or C18:3 ω-6), dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatrienoic acid, or C20:3 ω-6) and arachidonic acid (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z- eicosatetraenoic acid, or C20:4 ω-6), eicosapentaenoic acid (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z- eicosapentaenoic acid, or C20:5 ω-3), docosahexaenoic acid (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z- docosahexaenoic acid, or C22:6 ω-3) stearidonic acid ((6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadeca-6,9,12,15- tetraenoic acid), and also monounsaturated fatty acids C18:1, and C18:2 and optionally C18:3 (preferably mixtures of oleic acid C18:1, linoleic acid C18:2, linolenic acid C18:3); preferably, the monocarboxylic acid(s) c) are chosen from C₁₈ monocarboxylic acids, i.e. comprising an unsaturated hydrocarbon-based chain R^a with 17 carbon atoms, comprising from 1 to 3 unsaturations, such as oleic acid, elaidic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, or mixtures thereof, in particular C18:1 oleic acid, C18:2 linoleic acid, C18:3 linolenic acid, and mixtures thereof. [Claim 10] Composition according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the organic monocarboxylic acid(s) c) represent from 5% to 60% by weight, particularly from 7% to 50% by weight, more particularly from 10% to 35% by weight, relative to the total weight of the final alkyd resulting from the condensation of the ingredients a), and b) and c) and optionally d) - and/or the organic monocarboxylic acid(s) c) represent from 0.5% to 55% by weight, particularly 0.7% to 45% by weight, more particularly 1% to 32% by weight, better still from 5% to 25%, and even better still from 7% to 20%, relative to the total weight of the alkyd- poly(alkyl)acrylate i). [Claim 11] Composition according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the organic monocarboxylic acid(s) d) comprise a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon-based chain; preferably, the hydrocarbon-based chain comprises from 1 to 30 carbon atoms, particularly (C₁-C₂₄)alkyl, particularly C₄-C₂₃, better still C₅-C₂₂, even better still C₆-C₂₀; more particularly, the organic monocarboxylic acid(s) other than c) are chosen from saturated monocarboxylic acids such as caproic acid or hexanoic acid (C6), isoheptanoic acid (C7), 4-ethylpentanoic acid (C7), octanoic acid (C8), isooctanoic acid (C8), caprylic acid (C8), 2-ethylhexanoic acid (C8), 4,5-dimethylhexanoic acid (C8), 2- heptylheptanoic acid (C7), nonanoic acid (C9), isononanoic acid (C9), 3,5,5- trimethylhexanoic acid (C9), decanoic acid (C10), lauric acid (C12), tridecanoic acid (C13), myristic acid (C14), palmitic acid (C16), stearic acid (C18), isostearic acid (C18), arachidic acid (C20) and behenic acid (C22); preferably, the organic monocarboxylic acid(s) other than c) are chosen from natural fatty acids; more particularly chosen from isoheptanoic acid (C7), octanoic acid (C8), nonanoic acid (C9), isononanoic acid (C9), lauric acid (C12), myristic acid (C14), palmitic acid (C16), isostearic acid (C18), stearic acid (C18) and behenic acid (C22), and mixtures thereof, and better still octanoic acid. [Claim 12] Composition according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the organic monocarboxylic acid(s) d) different from c) represent from 10% to 70% by weight, notably 15% to 60% by weight and better still 20% to 50% by weight, relative to the total weight of the final alkyd (resulting from the condensation of compounds a), and b), and c) and optionally d), and/or 5% to 50% by weight, notably 10% to 40% by weight and better 15% to 25% by weight, relative to the total weight of the alkyd-poly(alkyl)acrylate copolymer i). [Claim 13] Composition according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the monomer(s) e) are chosen from e1) which is (are) of the following formula (V): H₂C=C(R)- C(O)-O-R'’’ in which formula (V) R represents a hydrogen atom or a (C₁-C₄)alkyl group such as methyl, and R’’’ represents a (C₈-C₂₂)alkyl group preferably (C₈-C₂₀)alkyl, in particular (C_2n)alkyl with n integer = 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10, preferably R’’’ represents, isodecyl, lauryl, stearyl, hexadecyl, more preferentially stearyl. [Claim 14] Composition according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the monomer(s) e) are chosen from e2) which is (are) of the following formula (VI): H₂C=C(R)- C(O)-O-R”’ in which formula (VI) R represents a hydrogen atom or a (C₁-C₄)alkyl group such as methyl, and R’’’ represents a (C₅-C₁₀)cycloalkyl group such as norbornyl or isobornyl, preferably isobornyl. [Claim 15] Composition according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the monomer(s) f) are chosen from monomers of the following formula (VII): H₂C=C(R)-C(O)- O-R’’’ in which formula (VII) R represents a hydrogen atom or a (C₁-C₄)alkyl group such as methyl, and R’’’ represents a (C₁-C₄)alkyl group, preferably R’’’ represents methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl or tert-butyl, more preferentially methyl. [Claim 16] Composition according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the mass ratio [monomers e1) + monomers e2)] / monomers f) is greater than 1, such as 2. [Claim 17] Composition according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the copolymer(s) i) are such that the mass ratio of the compounds [a)+b)+c) + optionally d)] / i) is greater than or equal to 1, preferably between 1 and 2.5. [Claim 18] Composition according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the alkyd- poly(alkyl)acrylate polymer(s) i) are obtained from one or more alkyds, derived from the polycondensation of the compounds a) as defined in any one of Claims 1 to 4, and b) as defined in any one of Claims 1, 5 and 6, and c) as defined in any one of Claims 1, 7 to 10 and optionally d) as defined in any one of Claims 1, 11 and 12, followed by polycondensation of the alkyd(s) with one or more monomers e) chosen from the monomers e1) as defined in any one of Claims 1, 13 and 16 and optionally with f) as defined in either of Claims 1 or 15. [Claim 19] Composition according to any one of Claims 1 to 16, in which the alkyd- poly(alkyl)acrylate polymer(s) i) are obtained from one or more alkyds, derived from the polycondensation of the compounds a) as defined in any one of Claims 1 to 4, and b) as defined in any one of Claims 1, 5 and 6, and c) as defined in any one of Claims 1, 7 to 10 and optionally d) as defined in any one of Claims 1, 11 and 12, followed by polycondensation of the alkyd(s) with one or more monomers e) chosen from the monomers e2) as defined in any one of Claims 1, 14 and 16 and optionally with f) as defined in either of Claims 1 or 15. [Claim 20] Composition according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the alkyd- poly(alkyl)acrylate copolymer(s) i) are prepared according to the following steps: - a first step in which the compounds a) in any one of Claims 1 to 4, b) in any one of Claims 1, 5 and 6, c) and optionally d) as defined in any one of Claims 1, 11 and 12, a), b) and c) are condensed together preferably with heating of the reaction medium preferably without solvent; and then - a second step which consists in reacting the product obtained in the preceding step with the monomers e1) as defined in any one of Claims 1, 13 and 16 and/or e2) as defined in any one of Claims 1, 14 and 16 and optionally f) as defined in either of Claims 1 or 15 in the presence of one or more radical initiators vii), preferably with heating of the reaction medium preferably in the presence of at least one aprotic solvent; and then - optionally removing the solvent(s) present in the preceding step; and then - optionally adding at least one polar protic solvent; more particularly, the alkyd-poly(alkyl)acrylate copolymer(s) i) are prepared by performing the following successive steps: - In a first step, the alkyd is prepared by reacting the compounds a), and b), and c) and optionally d) as defined previously; the first step is performed particularly without additional solvent in the reaction medium comprising the compounds a), and b), and c) and optionally d); preferably, the reaction medium is under an inert atmosphere (argon), optionally with stirring; in particular, the reaction medium is heated, preferably to a temperature of between 50°C and 250°C, more particularly between 100°C and 240°C, better still between 150°C and 230°C; the heating time is preferentially between 30 minutes and 12 hours, particularly from 1h to 8h; and - in a second step, the alkyd-poly(alkyl)acrylate i) is prepared by reacting, preferably by means of free radicals, the alkyd prepared in the first step with the monomers e1) and/or e2) and optionally f) as defined previously. [Claim 21] Composition according to any one of the preceding claims, which comprises ii) one or more hydrocarbon-based fatty substances that are liquid at 25°C, at atmospheric pressure, and particularly volatile; more particularly chosen from apolar oils, preferably chosen from: - linear or branched C₈-C₃₀, in particular C₁₀-C₂₀ and more particularly C₁₀-C₁₆ alkanes, which are volatile or non-volatile, preferably volatile; - non-aromatic cyclic C₅-C₁₂ alkanes, which are volatile or non-volatile, preferably volatile; and - mixtures thereof; preferably, ii) is (are) chosen from hydrocarbon-based oils containing from 8 to 16 carbon atoms, in particular containing from 10 to 14 carbon atoms, which are preferably volatile, more particularly the apolar oils described previously; notably among the C₈-C₁₆ and more particularly C₁₀-C₁₄ branched alkanes: - isoalkanes of petroleum origin such as isododecane; - linear alkanes, such as undecane (C₁₁), n-dodecane (C₁₂), n-tridecane (C₁₃) and n- tetradecane (C₁₄), and also mixtures thereof, undecane-tridecane mixtures, mixtures of n- undecane (C₁₁) and n-tridecane (C₁₃); even more particularly, the liquid hydrocarbon-based fatty substance(s) ii) are preferably volatile hydrocarbon-based oils or are a mixture of different volatile oils, preferentially chosen from isododecane and octyldodecanol, more particularly isododecane. [Claim 22] Composition according to any one of the preceding claims, which comprises iii) one or more organic solvents different from b); preferably chosen from monoalcohols containing from 2 to 6 carbon atoms such as ethanol, propanol, n-butanol, isopropanol, isobutanol, tert-butanol, pentanol or hexanol, preferably n-butanol or ethanol, more preferentially ethanol; in particular, the organic solvent(s) other than b) are present in an amount of less than 40% by weight, more preferentially less than 30% by weight, even more preferentially less than 20% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition. [Claim 23] Composition according to any one of the preceding claims, which comprises one or more cosmetic active agents iv) chosen from g) dyes, h) pigments; i) active agents for caring for keratin materials, notably the skin, j) UV (A) and/or (B) screening agents, or k) mixtures of g) to j); preferably h) pigments notably chosen from: - organic pigments and mineral or inorganic pigments, - pigments with special effects such as fluorescent pigments, thermochromic pigments, photochromic pigments, coated or uncoated nacres, in the form of pigment powder or paste, lakes, and glitter flakes, or mixtures thereof; - said pigments may be dispersed in the product by means of a dispersant and the pigments may be surface-treated with an organic agent; in particular, the cosmetic active agent(s) iv) are chosen from: - nitroso, nitro, azo, xanthene, quinoline, anthraquinone, phthalocyanine, metal complex type, isoindolinone, isoindoline, quinacridone, perinone, perylene, diketopyrrolopyrrole, thioindigo, dioxazine, triphenylmethane and quinophthalone organic pigments; - white or coloured organic pigments which are chosen from carmine, carbon black, aniline black, azo yellow, quinacridone, phthalocyanine blue, sorghum red, the blue pigments codified in the Color Index under the references Blue 1 Lake CI 42090, 69800, 69825, 73000, 74100, 74160, the yellow pigments codified in the Color Index under the references CI 11680, 11710, 15985, 19140, 20040, 21100, 21108, 47000, 47005, the green pigments codified in the Color Index under the references CI 61565, 61570, 74260, the orange pigments codified in the Color Index under the references CI 11725, 15510, 45370, 71105, the red pigments codified in the Color Index under the references CI 12085, 12120, 12370, 12420, 12490, 14700, 15525, 15580, 15620, 15630, 15800, 15850, 15865, 15880, 17200, 26100, 45380, 45410, 58000, 73360, 73915, 75470, the pigments obtained by oxidative polymerization of indole or phenolic derivatives; - mineral pigments or inorganic pigments chosen from iron oxides, chromium oxides, manganese violet, ultramarine blue, chromium hydrate, ferric blue and titanium oxide; preferably, the cosmetic active agent(s) iv) are chosen from carbon black, iron oxides, notably red, brown or black iron oxides, and micas coated with iron oxide, triarylmethane pigments, notably blue and violet triarylmethane pigments, such as Blue 1 Lake, azo pigments, notably red azo pigments, such as D&C Red 7, an alkali metal salt of lithol red such as the calcium salt of lithol red B; more preferentially, the pigment(s) used are chosen from red iron oxide such as iron 3 oxide and azo pigments, notably red azo pigments such as D&C Red 7, more preferentially red iron oxides such as iron 3 oxide. [Claim 24] Alkyd-poly(alkyl)acrylate copolymer(s) resulting from the polycondensation i) as defined in any one of Claims 1 to 20. [Claim 25] Process for treating keratin materials, preferably α) keratin fibres, notably human keratin fibres such as the eyelashes or the eyebrows, or β) human skin, in particular the lips, comprising the application to said materials of at least one composition, as defined in any one of Claims 1 to 23. [Claim 26] Use of a composition as defined in any one of Claims 1 to 23, for treating keratin materials, notably α) keratin fibres, notably human keratin fibres such as the eyelashes or the eyebrows, or β) human skin, in particular the lips, comprising the application to said materials of at least one composition, for caring for the skin and/or for making up the skin, and/or for shaping keratin fibres, notably the hair.