本申请要求于2023年4月6日递交的第202310354740.4号中国专利申请的优先权，在此全文引用上述中国专利申请公开的内容以作为本申请的一部分。This application claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 202310354740.4 filed on April 6, 2023, and the contents of the above-mentioned Chinese patent application disclosure are hereby cited in their entirety as a part of this application.
本发明涉及电池加热系统和电动卡车。The invention relates to a battery heating system and an electric truck.
电动车辆通过动力电池来提供驱动车辆行驶的能量。在环境温度较低的情况下，低温状态的动力电池的性能会下降，例如动力电池的充电时间延长、充放电量减少、电池容量变小、掉电速度变快。这些影响进而使电动车辆的续驶里程减少。为了避免这种影响，在温度较低时需要对动力电池进行加热。在传统的动力电池加热方式中，通常利用加热膜贴在电池侧壁或底部进行加热，或者利用冷却液进行动力电池加热。这种传统的加热方式不仅需要安装附加的部件而且加热速率相对较低。此外，还存在动力电池脉冲加热技术。在该技术中，通过给动力电池施加高频脉冲电流，由动力电池的内阻来产生热量。这种加热方式需要很高的开关频率，因此对开关设备的性能有很高的要求，并且需要大的电感，从而对作为电感起作用的电机有特别的要求。此外，这种加热方式可能引起同步电机中转子的退磁。Electric vehicles use power batteries to provide energy to drive the vehicle. When the ambient temperature is low, the performance of the power battery in a low temperature state will decline, such as the charging time of the power battery is prolonged, the charge and discharge amount is reduced, the battery capacity is reduced, and the power loss speed is faster. These effects will in turn reduce the driving range of the electric vehicle. In order to avoid this effect, the power battery needs to be heated when the temperature is low. In the traditional power battery heating method, a heating film is usually attached to the side wall or bottom of the battery for heating, or a coolant is used to heat the power battery. This traditional heating method not only requires the installation of additional components but also has a relatively low heating rate. In addition, there is also a power battery pulse heating technology. In this technology, heat is generated by the internal resistance of the power battery by applying a high-frequency pulse current to the power battery. This heating method requires a high switching frequency, so it has high requirements on the performance of the switching device, and requires a large inductance, which has special requirements for the motor that acts as an inductor. In addition, this heating method may cause demagnetization of the rotor in the synchronous motor.
在电动车辆、尤其是电动卡车中可能存在多个动力电池支路和多个驱动电机。因此，可以针对这种情况开发一种新型的电池加热系统，该电池加热系统除了电池支路和驱动电机之外仅需要很少的附加部件，并且可以更高效地对电池进行加热。In an electric vehicle, especially an electric truck, there may be multiple power battery branches and multiple drive motors. Therefore, a new battery heating system can be developed for this situation, which requires only a few additional components besides the battery branches and the drive motors, and can heat the battery more efficiently.
发明内容Summary of the invention
本发明提出了一种电池加热系统和一种电动卡车。该电池加热系统和电动卡车基于动力系统本身形成，因此相对于现有技术仅对本身的动力系统进行较小的改动，并且还具有更高的热效率和热速率。The present invention proposes a battery heating system and an electric truck. The battery heating system and the electric truck are formed based on the power system itself, so compared with the prior art, only the power system itself is modified. The engine has a smaller footprint and also has higher thermal efficiency and heat rate.
本发明提出了一种电池加热系统，该电池加热系统包括:第一电池单元，第二电池单元，第一电机，第二电机，第一电机控制器，用于将所述第一电池单元和所述第二电池单元提供的直流电变换为交流电，并将其馈送给所述第一电机，第二电机控制器，用于将所述第一电池单元和所述第二电池单元提供的直流电变换为交流电，并将其馈送给所述第二电机，第一开关设备，用于通断所述第一电池单元与所述第二电池单元的并联连接，第二开关设备，用于通断所述第一电机的绕组与所述第二电机的绕组之间的连接，在所述电池加热系统中，在所述第一开关设备断开并且所述第二开关设备接通的情况下，所述第一电机控制器和所述第二电机控制器被控制为，使得所述第一电池单元和所述第二电池单元、所述第一电机控制器和所述第二电机控制器以及所述第一电机和所述第二电机的绕组构成第一升压斩波电路，使得所述第一电池单元向所述第二电池单元充电。The present invention proposes a battery heating system, which includes: a first battery cell, a second battery cell, a first motor, a second motor, a first motor controller, used to convert the direct current provided by the first battery cell and the second battery cell into alternating current and feed it to the first motor, a second motor controller, used to convert the direct current provided by the first battery cell and the second battery cell into alternating current and feed it to the second motor, a first switch device, used to switch on and off the parallel connection between the first battery cell and the second battery cell, and a second switch device, used to switch on and off the connection between the winding of the first motor and the winding of the second motor. In the battery heating system, when the first switch device is disconnected and the second switch device is connected, the first motor controller and the second motor controller are controlled so that the first battery cell and the second battery cell, the first motor controller and the second motor controller, and the windings of the first motor and the second motor constitute a first boost chopper circuit, so that the first battery cell charges the second battery cell.
在本发明的范畴中，升压斩波电路应理解为boost电路。因此本发明利用boost电路的原理利用两个电池单元相互充电而实现了电池单元的加热。根据本发明的实施例的电池加热系统基于电动车辆、例如电动卡车中的动力系统被构建。通过设置附加的第一和第二开关设备，电动车辆中的两个动力系统，即两套电池单元、电机和电机控制器可以被构造为升压斩波电路。这种基于升压斩波电路的对电池进行加热的方式仅对动力系统进行较小的改动。相对于现有技术中的脉冲电池加热方案，根据本发明的电池加热系统具有更高的充电电压，因此可以更高效地对电池进行加热。此外，在现有技术的脉冲电池加热方案中，电池单元以很高的频率，例如几千赫兹进行充电和放电，而在根据本发明的电池加热系统中，两个电池单元相互仅以很低的频率，例如几十至几百赫兹进行充电和放电。由于在充放电频率较低的情况下，电池具有相对较高的内阻，因此根据本发明的电池加热系统可以更高效地使电池自发热。此外，在现有技术的脉冲电池加热方案中，需要较大的电感，以便能够更高效地利用电感对电池进行充电。但是，在根据本发明的电池加热系统中，电感的大小并不影响升压斩波电路的功能，无论选择什么样的电感，根据本发明的电池加热系统都可以以升高的电压对电池进行充电并加热电池。In the scope of the present invention, the boost chopper circuit should be understood as a boost circuit. Therefore, the present invention utilizes the principle of the boost circuit to charge two battery cells to each other and realize the heating of the battery cell. The battery heating system according to the embodiment of the present invention is constructed based on the power system in an electric vehicle, such as an electric truck. By setting the additional first and second switching devices, the two power systems in the electric vehicle, that is, two sets of battery cells, motors and motor controllers can be constructed as boost chopper circuits. This method of heating the battery based on the boost chopper circuit only makes minor changes to the power system. Compared with the pulse battery heating scheme in the prior art, the battery heating system according to the present invention has a higher charging voltage, so the battery can be heated more efficiently. In addition, in the pulse battery heating scheme of the prior art, the battery cell is charged and discharged at a very high frequency, such as several thousand hertz, while in the battery heating system according to the present invention, the two battery cells are charged and discharged at only a very low frequency, such as tens to hundreds of hertz. Since the battery has a relatively high internal resistance when the charging and discharging frequency is low, the battery heating system according to the present invention can make the battery self-heat more efficiently. In addition, in the pulse battery heating scheme of the prior art, a larger inductance is required so that the inductance can be used to charge the battery more efficiently. However, in the battery heating system according to the present invention, the size of the inductance does not affect the function of the boost chopper circuit. No matter what kind of inductance is selected, the battery heating system according to the present invention can charge and heat the battery at a boosted voltage.
根据本发明的实施例，在该电池加热系统中，所述第一电机控制器和所述第二电机控制器分别被设计为桥式全控变换器，所述桥式全控变换器包括至少两个桥臂，每个桥臂包括至少两个开关元件，所述开关元件具有反并联连接的二极管，并且，所述第一电池单元的负极与所述第二电池单元的负极连接，所述第一电机控制器的阳极与所述第一电池单元的正极连接，所述第二电机控制器的阳极与所述第二电池单元的正极连接，所述第一电机控制器和第二电机控制器的阴极与所述负极连接。According to an embodiment of the present invention, in the battery heating system, the first motor controller and the second motor controller are respectively designed as a bridge-type full-controlled converter, the bridge-type full-controlled converter includes at least two bridge arms, each bridge arm includes at least two switching elements, the switching elements have diodes connected in anti-parallel, and the negative electrode of the first battery cell is connected to the negative electrode of the second battery cell, the anode of the first motor controller is connected to the positive electrode of the first battery cell, the anode of the second motor controller is connected to the positive electrode of the second battery cell, and the cathodes of the first motor controller and the second motor controller are connected to the negative electrode.
为了高效地将电池单元提供的直流电转变为交流电，利用能够控制其通断的电力电子开关来构造电机控制器，并且将其构造为桥式全控变换器。桥式全控变换器可以用于驱动各种电机，例如单相电机、三相电机，尤其是同步电机、异步电机和无刷直流电机等。In order to efficiently convert the DC power provided by the battery unit into AC power, a motor controller is constructed using a power electronic switch that can control its on and off, and is constructed as a bridge-type full-controlled converter. The bridge-type full-controlled converter can be used to drive various motors, such as single-phase motors, three-phase motors, especially synchronous motors, asynchronous motors, and brushless DC motors.
根据本发明的实施例，在该电池加热系统中，所述第一电机和所述第二电机分别被构造为三相电机，并且所述第一电机控制器和所述第二电机控制器分别被构造为三相桥式全控变换器。According to an embodiment of the present invention, in the battery heating system, the first motor and the second motor are respectively configured as three-phase motors, and the first motor controller and the second motor controller are respectively configured as three-phase bridge full-controlled converters.
在该实施例中，通过第二开关设备将被构造为三相电机的第一电机和第二电机各自的定子绕组的中性线连接在一起。在电动车辆中，作为电机通常使用同步电机，例如永磁同步电机和异步电机。相应地，针对三相电机将第一和第二电机控制器分别构造为三相桥式电路。通过这种实施例，实现本发明的电池加热系统的设备可以是常用设备或标准设备，由此不需要单独设计额外的器件，而仅通过现有设备就能简单改造出本发明的电池加热系统。In this embodiment, the neutral lines of the stator windings of the first motor and the second motor, which are constructed as three-phase motors, are connected together by the second switching device. In electric vehicles, synchronous motors, such as permanent magnet synchronous motors and asynchronous motors, are generally used as motors. Accordingly, the first and second motor controllers are respectively constructed as three-phase bridge circuits for the three-phase motor. Through this embodiment, the device for implementing the battery heating system of the present invention can be a common device or a standard device, so that there is no need to design additional devices separately, and the battery heating system of the present invention can be simply transformed by existing devices.
根据本发明的实施例，在该电池加热系统中，所述第一电机控制器中的共阳极的开关元件中的至少一个保持接通，并且所述第二电机控制器中共阴极的开关元件中的至少一个以预定的占空比接通和断开。According to an embodiment of the present invention, in the battery heating system, at least one of the common anode switching elements in the first motor controller remains turned on, and at least one of the common cathode switching elements in the second motor controller is turned on and off at a predetermined duty cycle.
在第一电机控制器中的共阳极的开关元件中的一个保持接通情况下，在第一电机中只有一个绕组作为电感起作用。在两个开关元件接通的情况下，在第一电机中有两个绕组并联地起作用。因此，在第一电机控制器中，可以通过选择共阳极的开关元件中保持接通的开关元件的数量来改变升压斩波电路中电感的大小。从而可以根据升压斩波电路的导通时间以及占空比来选择合适的电感的大小。When one of the common anode switching elements in the first motor controller remains turned on, only one winding in the first motor functions as an inductor. When two switching elements are turned on, two windings in the first motor function in parallel. Therefore, in the first motor controller, the size of the inductor in the boost chopper circuit can be changed by selecting the number of switching elements that remain turned on among the common anode switching elements. Thus, the size of the appropriate inductor can be selected according to the on-time and duty cycle of the boost chopper circuit.
类似地，通过选择共阴极的开关元件中进行接通和断开的开关元件的数量也可以改变升压斩波电路中电感的大小。从而也可以根据导通时间和占空比来选择合适的电感的大小。因此，根据本发明的技术方案可以非常灵活地选择合适的电感。这相较于现有技术而言，能够适应更多的使用场景或者说工况。Similarly, the number of switching elements turned on and off is determined by selecting the number of switching elements with a common cathode. The amount can also change the size of the inductor in the boost chopper circuit. Therefore, the size of the appropriate inductor can be selected according to the on-time and the duty cycle. Therefore, the technical solution according to the present invention can flexibly select a suitable inductor. Compared with the prior art, this can adapt to more usage scenarios or working conditions.
根据本发明的实施例，在该电池加热系统中，所述第一电机控制器中的共阳极的开关元件中的至少一个保持接通，并且所述第二电机控制器中共阴极的开关元件中的至少两个以预定的占空比交错接通和断开。According to an embodiment of the present invention, in the battery heating system, at least one of the common anode switching elements in the first motor controller remains turned on, and at least two of the common cathode switching elements in the second motor controller are turned on and off alternately at a predetermined duty cycle.
在该实施例中，第二电机控制器中共阴极的开关元件中的至少两个以预定的占空比交错接通和断开，由此构建了多重交错并联的升压斩波电路，其减小了第二电池单元的充电电流和充电电压的纹波幅度，从而降低了对电感的要求。In this embodiment, at least two of the switching elements with a common cathode in the second motor controller are switched on and off alternately at a predetermined duty cycle, thereby constructing a multiple interleaved parallel boost chopper circuit, which reduces the ripple amplitude of the charging current and charging voltage of the second battery unit, thereby reducing the requirements for inductance.
根据本发明的实施例，在该电池加热系统中，在所述第一开关设备断开并且所述第二开关设备接通的情况下，所述第一电机控制器和所述第二电机控制器被控制为，使得所述第一电池单元和所述第二电池单元、所述第一电机控制器和所述第二电机控制器以及所述第一电机和所述第二电机的绕组构成第二的升压斩波电路，使得所述第二电池单元向所述第一电池单元充电，在所述电池加热系统中，所述第一升压斩波电路和所述第二升压斩波电路交替运行，使得所述第二电池单元和所述第一电池单元被交替充电。According to an embodiment of the present invention, in the battery heating system, when the first switching device is disconnected and the second switching device is connected, the first motor controller and the second motor controller are controlled so that the first battery cell and the second battery cell, the first motor controller and the second motor controller and the windings of the first motor and the second motor constitute a second boost chopper circuit so that the second battery cell charges the first battery cell. In the battery heating system, the first boost chopper circuit and the second boost chopper circuit operate alternately so that the second battery cell and the first battery cell are charged alternately.
为了能够使电动车辆的电池包被均匀地加热，优选交替地对电池包中的第一电池单元和第二电池单元进行加热，从而使得在它们之间仅有很小的温差。在对第一电池单元充电后为第二电池单元充电，两个电池单元都充电一次即为一个充电周期。充电周期例如可以在20毫秒至100毫秒的范围内优选在40至80毫秒的范围内，更优选为50毫秒。由此充放电频率可以保持得很低。由于在充放电频率较低的情况下，电池具有相对较高的内阻，因此根据本发明的电池加热系统可以更高效地使电池自发热。而且相较于现有技术中的脉冲加入方式，本发明中的绕组可以更低频率地运行，由此还避免了现有技术中绕组高频充放电时的噪音问题。在该实施例中还优选的是，第一电池单元和第二电池单元包含相同数量的电池支路，其中每个电池支路中相同数量的电池串联。由此第一电池单元和第二电池单元具有理论上相同的电压和内阻，在此“理论上相同”的含义在于，电池由于个体差异而导致在公差容许范围内的电压差和电阻差。In order to enable the battery pack of the electric vehicle to be heated evenly, it is preferred to alternately heat the first battery cell and the second battery cell in the battery pack so that there is only a small temperature difference between them. After charging the first battery cell, the second battery cell is charged, and charging both battery cells once is a charging cycle. The charging cycle can be, for example, in the range of 20 milliseconds to 100 milliseconds, preferably in the range of 40 to 80 milliseconds, and more preferably 50 milliseconds. Thus, the charging and discharging frequency can be kept very low. Since the battery has a relatively high internal resistance under the condition of low charging and discharging frequency, the battery heating system according to the present invention can make the battery self-heating more efficiently. Moreover, compared with the pulse addition method in the prior art, the winding in the present invention can operate at a lower frequency, thereby avoiding the noise problem of the winding during high-frequency charging and discharging in the prior art. In this embodiment, it is also preferred that the first battery cell and the second battery cell contain the same number of battery branches, wherein the same number of batteries in each battery branch are connected in series. Thus, the first battery cell and the second battery cell have theoretically the same voltage and internal resistance, and the meaning of "theoretically the same" here is that the battery has a tolerance tolerance due to individual differences. The voltage difference and resistance difference are within the allowed range.
根据本发明的实施例，在该电池加热系统中，在所述第一电池单元或第二电池单元的温度低于预定的第一温度阈值的情况下，所述第一升压斩波电路和所述第二升压斩波电路交替运行，并且在所述第一电池单元或第二电池单元的温度高于预定的第二温度阈值的情况下，所述第一升压斩波电路和所述第二升压斩波电路停止运行。According to an embodiment of the present invention, in the battery heating system, when the temperature of the first battery cell or the second battery cell is lower than a predetermined first temperature threshold, the first boost chopper circuit and the second boost chopper circuit operate alternately, and when the temperature of the first battery cell or the second battery cell is higher than a predetermined second temperature threshold, the first boost chopper circuit and the second boost chopper circuit stop operating.
通过设置第一温度阈值，可以确保电池包或第一和第二电池单元仅在需要的情况下，例如温度非常低的情况下才进行电池加热。此外，通过设置第二温度阈值，可以确保电池包或第一和第二电池单元在被加热到理想使用温度后，终止加热，从而能够快速启动车辆，也能对电池和车辆进行过热保护。By setting the first temperature threshold, it can be ensured that the battery pack or the first and second battery cells are heated only when necessary, such as when the temperature is very low. In addition, by setting the second temperature threshold, it can be ensured that the battery pack or the first and second battery cells are heated to the ideal use temperature before the heating is terminated, so that the vehicle can be started quickly and the battery and the vehicle can be protected from overheating.
根据本发明的实施例，在该电池加热系统中，在所述第一电池单元和所述第二电池单元被充电后，所述第一电池单元和所述第二电池单元互相补偿以实现电压平衡。According to an embodiment of the present invention, in the battery heating system, after the first battery cell and the second battery cell are charged, the first battery cell and the second battery cell compensate each other to achieve voltage balance.
在第一电池单元和第二电池单元互相充电后，它们之间可能会存在电压差。为了确保第一和第二电池单元随后作为一个整体进行供电，需要在将它们连接为一个整体之前，对其进行电压平衡，即具有较高电压的电池单元对具有较低电压的电池单元进行充电，最终使两个电池单元的电压相等或近似相等。由此能够实现的是，整个电池包快速地就位，并可以快速进入提供动力的状态。After the first battery cell and the second battery cell are charged with each other, there may be a voltage difference between them. In order to ensure that the first and second battery cells subsequently supply power as a whole, it is necessary to balance their voltages before connecting them as a whole, that is, the battery cell with a higher voltage charges the battery cell with a lower voltage, and finally makes the voltages of the two battery cells equal or approximately equal. This enables the entire battery pack to be quickly put in place and quickly enter a state of providing power.
根据本发明的实施例，所述第一开关设备和所述第二开关设备分别被构造为继电器或电力电子开关。继电器或电力电子开关都是相对廉价的器件，因此本发明的电池加热系统能够在现有车型的基础上低成本地改装而成。According to an embodiment of the present invention, the first switch device and the second switch device are respectively configured as relays or power electronic switches. Relays or power electronic switches are relatively cheap devices, so the battery heating system of the present invention can be retrofitted at low cost on the basis of existing vehicle models.
本发明还提出了一种电动卡车，其包括上面所描述的电池加热系统。按照本发明的电池加热系统的优点在电动卡车上尤其明显。The present invention also provides an electric truck, which includes the battery heating system described above. The advantages of the battery heating system according to the present invention are particularly evident in electric trucks.
根据本发明的实施例的电池加热系统尤其能够有利地基于电动车辆、例如电动卡车中的动力系统被构建。通过设置附加的第一和第二开关设备，电动车辆中的两个动力系统，即两套电池单元、电机和电机控制器可以被构造为升压斩波电路。这种基于升压斩波电路的对电池进行加热的方式相对于现有技术省去了附加的加热元件，而且提高了加热效率。The battery heating system according to the embodiment of the present invention can be advantageously constructed based on the power system in an electric vehicle, such as an electric truck. By providing the additional first and second switch devices, the two power systems in the electric vehicle, i.e., two sets of battery cells, motors, and motor controllers, can be constructed as a boost chopper circuit. Compared with the prior art, this method of heating the battery based on the boost chopper circuit eliminates the need for additional heating elements and improves the heating efficiency.
相对于现有技术中的脉冲电池加热方案，根据本发明的电池加热系统具有更高的充电电压，因此可以更高效地对电池进行加热。此外，在现有技术的脉冲电池加热方案中，电池单元以很高的频率，例如几千赫兹进行充电和放电，而在根据本发明的电池加热系统中，两个电池单元相互仅以很低的频率，例如几十赫兹进行充电和放电。由于在充放电频率较低的情况下，电池具有相对较高的内阻，因此根据本发明的电池加热系统可以更高效地使电池自发热。同时，根据本发明的电池加热系统还解决了现有技术中的脉冲加热时电机的噪音问题。此外，在现有技术的脉冲电池加热方案中，需要较大的电感，以便能够更高效地利用电感对电池进行充电。但是，在根据本发明的电池加热系统中，电感的大小并不影响升压斩波电路的功能，无论选择什么样的电感，根据本发明的电池加热系统都可以以升高的电压对电池进行充电并加热电池。Compared with the pulse battery heating solution in the prior art, the battery heating system according to the present invention has There is a higher charging voltage, so the battery can be heated more efficiently. In addition, in the pulse battery heating scheme of the prior art, the battery cells are charged and discharged at a very high frequency, such as several thousand hertz, while in the battery heating system according to the present invention, the two battery cells are charged and discharged with each other only at a very low frequency, such as tens of hertz. Since the battery has a relatively high internal resistance when the charging and discharging frequency is low, the battery heating system according to the present invention can make the battery self-heating more efficiently. At the same time, the battery heating system according to the present invention also solves the noise problem of the motor during pulse heating in the prior art. In addition, in the pulse battery heating scheme of the prior art, a larger inductance is required so that the inductance can be used more efficiently to charge the battery. However, in the battery heating system according to the present invention, the size of the inductance does not affect the function of the boost chopper circuit. No matter what kind of inductance is selected, the battery heating system according to the present invention can charge and heat the battery at an increased voltage.
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例的技术方案，下面将对实施例的描述中所需要使用的附图作简单的介绍。显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些示例性实施例，在附图中：In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some exemplary embodiments of the present invention. In the drawings:
图1示出了根据本发明实施例的电池加热系统的方框图，FIG1 shows a block diagram of a battery heating system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
图2示出了根据本发明实施例的基于三相桥式电路的电池加热系统的电路图，FIG2 shows a circuit diagram of a battery heating system based on a three-phase bridge circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
图3示出了根据本发明实施例的基于三相桥式电路的电池加热系统的第一状态图，FIG3 shows a first state diagram of a battery heating system based on a three-phase bridge circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
图4示出了根据本发明实施例的基于三相桥式电路的电池加热系统的第二状态图。FIG. 4 shows a second state diagram of a battery heating system based on a three-phase bridge circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
为了使得本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更为明显，下面将参考附图详细描述根据本发明的示例实施例。显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明的一部分实施例，而不是本发明的全部实施例，应理解，本发明不受这里描述的示例实施例的限制。In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more obvious, the exemplary embodiments according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments of the present invention, and it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the exemplary embodiments described here.
在本说明书和附图中，基本上相同或相似的方法步骤和元素用相同或相似的附图标记来表示，并且对这些方法步骤和元素的重复描述将被省略。同时，在本发明的描述中，术语“第一”、“第二”等仅用于区分描述，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或排序。在本发明的实施例中，除非另有明确说明，“连接”并不意味着必须“直接连接”或“直接接触”，而仅需要电学上连通即可。In the present specification and drawings, substantially the same or similar method steps and elements are represented by the same or similar Similar reference numerals are used to represent the method steps and elements, and repeated descriptions of these method steps and elements will be omitted. At the same time, in the description of the present invention, the terms "first", "second", etc. are only used to distinguish the description, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or ranking. In the embodiments of the present invention, unless otherwise explicitly stated, "connection" does not mean that it must be "directly connected" or "directly in contact", but only needs to be electrically connected.
图1示出了根据本发明实施例的电池加热系统100的方框图。电池加热系统100例如可以是应用在电动车辆、例如电动乘用车、电动客车、电动卡车上的电池加热系统。电池加热系统100包括第一电池单元110，第二电池单元140，第一电机130和第二电机160，第一电机控制器120和第二电机控制器150。在电动车辆正常行驶时，第一电机控制器120用于将所述第一电池单元110和第二电池单元140提供的直流电变换为交流电，并将其馈送给所述第一电机130，第二电机控制器150用于将所述第一电池单元110和第二电池单元140提供的直流电变换为交流电，并将其馈送给所述第二电机160。此外，电池加热系统100还包括第一开关设备170和第二开关设备180。第一开关设备170用于将所述第一电池单元110与所述第二电池单元140并联连接，也就是说在第一开关设备170断开的时候，所述第一电池单元110与所述第二电池单元140并联连接。第二开关设备180用于通断所述第一电机130的绕组与所述第二电机160的绕组之间的连接。根据本发明的实施例，所述第一开关设备170和所述第二开关设备180可以分别被构造为继电器或电力电子开关。FIG1 shows a block diagram of a battery heating system 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The battery heating system 100 may be, for example, a battery heating system applied to an electric vehicle, such as an electric passenger car, an electric bus, or an electric truck. The battery heating system 100 includes a first battery unit 110, a second battery unit 140, a first motor 130, a second motor 160, a first motor controller 120, and a second motor controller 150. When the electric vehicle is running normally, the first motor controller 120 is used to convert the direct current provided by the first battery unit 110 and the second battery unit 140 into alternating current, and feed it to the first motor 130, and the second motor controller 150 is used to convert the direct current provided by the first battery unit 110 and the second battery unit 140 into alternating current, and feed it to the second motor 160. In addition, the battery heating system 100 also includes a first switch device 170 and a second switch device 180. The first switch device 170 is used to connect the first battery unit 110 and the second battery unit 140 in parallel, that is, when the first switch device 170 is disconnected, the first battery unit 110 and the second battery unit 140 are connected in parallel. The second switch device 180 is used to open and close the connection between the winding of the first motor 130 and the winding of the second motor 160. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the first switch device 170 and the second switch device 180 can be respectively constructed as relays or power electronic switches.
在电动车辆的正常行驶中，第一开关设备170保持接通。第一电池单元110和第二电池单元140并联连接并且因此共同地向第一电机控制器120和第二电机控制器150提供直流电。此外，第二开关设备180保持断开。第一电机控制器120将直流电逆变为交流电，并将其馈送给第一电机130。第二电机控制器150将直流电逆变为交流电，并将其馈送给第二电机160。第一电机130和第二电机160的定子利用交流电产生旋转的磁场使得转子旋转。In normal driving of the electric vehicle, the first switching device 170 remains turned on. The first battery unit 110 and the second battery unit 140 are connected in parallel and thus jointly provide DC power to the first motor controller 120 and the second motor controller 150. In addition, the second switching device 180 remains turned off. The first motor controller 120 inverts the DC power into AC power and feeds it to the first motor 130. The second motor controller 150 inverts the DC power into AC power and feeds it to the second motor 160. The stators of the first motor 130 and the second motor 160 generate a rotating magnetic field using the AC power to rotate the rotor.
若需要对第一和第二电池单元加热，则电池加热系统100进入电池加热模式。在电池加热模式中，所述第一开关设备170断开并且所述第二开关设备180接通，第一电机控制器120和第二电机控制器150被控制为，使得所述第一电池单元110和第二电池单元140、所述第一电机控制器120和第二电机控制器150以及所述第一电机130和第二电机160的绕组构成第一升压斩波电路，使得所述第一电池单元110向所述第二电池单元140充电。If the first and second battery cells need to be heated, the battery heating system 100 enters the battery heating mode. In the battery heating mode, the first switch device 170 is turned off and the second switch device 180 is turned on, and the first motor controller 120 and the second motor controller 150 are controlled so that the first battery cell 110 and the second battery cell 140, the first motor controller 120 and the second The motor controller 150 and the windings of the first motor 130 and the second motor 160 form a first boost chopper circuit, so that the first battery unit 110 charges the second battery unit 140 .
根据本发明的实施例，所述第一电机控制器120和所述第二电机控制器150分别被设计为桥式全控变换器，所述桥式全控变换器包括至少两个桥臂，每个桥臂包括至少两个开关元件，所述开关元件具有反并联连接的二极管。所述第一电池单元110的负极与所述第二电池单元140的负极连接，所述第一电机控制器120的阳极与所述第一电池单元110的正极连接，所述第二电机控制器150的阳极与所述第二电池单元140的正极连接，所述第一电机控制器120和第二电机控制器150的阴极与所述负极连接。According to an embodiment of the present invention, the first motor controller 120 and the second motor controller 150 are respectively designed as a bridge-type full-control converter, and the bridge-type full-control converter includes at least two bridge arms, each bridge arm includes at least two switch elements, and the switch element has a diode connected in reverse parallel. The negative electrode of the first battery unit 110 is connected to the negative electrode of the second battery unit 140, the anode of the first motor controller 120 is connected to the positive electrode of the first battery unit 110, the anode of the second motor controller 150 is connected to the positive electrode of the second battery unit 140, and the cathodes of the first motor controller 120 and the second motor controller 150 are connected to the negative electrode.
从第一电池单元110的正极出发，在第一开关设备170断开的情况下，第一电池单元110的正极连接到第一电机控制器120的阳极。在加热模式中，第一电机控制器120的共阳极的开关元件始终保持接通，并且共阴极的开关元件保持断开。因此，第一电池单元110的正极直接连接到第一电机130的绕组。由于第二开关设备180保持接通，因此第一电机130的绕组与第二电机160的绕组连接，它们共同形成第一升压斩波电路中的电感L。第二电机160的绕组连接到第二电机控制器150。第二电机控制器150的共阳极的开关元件在加热模式中保持断开，但是电感通过共阳极的开关元件中的二极管D连接到第二电池单元140的正极。另一方面，第二电机控制器150的共阴极的开关元件以预定的占空比进行接通和断开，从而形成第一升压斩波电路中的开关S。第二电机控制器150的阴极与第二电池单元140的负极连接，并且也与第一电池单元110的负极连接。Starting from the positive pole of the first battery cell 110, the positive pole of the first battery cell 110 is connected to the anode of the first motor controller 120 when the first switching device 170 is disconnected. In the heating mode, the switch element of the common anode of the first motor controller 120 is always turned on, and the switch element of the common cathode is kept off. Therefore, the positive pole of the first battery cell 110 is directly connected to the winding of the first motor 130. Since the second switching device 180 is kept on, the winding of the first motor 130 is connected to the winding of the second motor 160, and they together form the inductor L in the first boost chopper circuit. The winding of the second motor 160 is connected to the second motor controller 150. The switch element of the common anode of the second motor controller 150 is kept off in the heating mode, but the inductor is connected to the positive pole of the second battery cell 140 through the diode D in the switch element of the common anode. On the other hand, the switch element of the common cathode of the second motor controller 150 is turned on and off at a predetermined duty cycle, thereby forming a switch S in the first boost chopper circuit. The cathode of the second motor controller 150 is connected to the negative electrode of the second battery unit 140 , and is also connected to the negative electrode of the first battery unit 110 .
在第一升压斩波电路中，当开关S接通时，开关S将第二电池单元140短路，第一电池单元110在接通时间内直接给电感L充电。当开关S断开时，电感L中存储的能量会在断开时间内通过二极管D释放并且因此向第二电池单元140施加电压，并且第一电池单元110也会通过二极管D给第二电池单元140施加电压。In the first boost chopper circuit, when the switch S is turned on, the switch S short-circuits the second battery unit 140, and the first battery unit 110 directly charges the inductor L during the on time. When the switch S is turned off, the energy stored in the inductor L is released through the diode D during the off time and thus applies a voltage to the second battery unit 140, and the first battery unit 110 also applies a voltage to the second battery unit 140 through the diode D.
接通时间和断开时间为开关周期。接通时间除以开关周期即为占空比。由于占空比大于0小于1，所以施加在第二电池单元140上的电压大于第一电池单元110提供的电压，并且因此第一升压斩波电路可以以升高的电压为第二电池单元140充电。开关S以预定的占空比不断进行接通和断开，第二电池单元140可以被持续充电，并且由于其内阻可以实现自发热。The on time and the off time are the switching period. The on time divided by the switching period is the duty cycle. Since the duty cycle is greater than 0 and less than 1, the voltage applied to the second battery unit 140 is greater than the voltage provided by the first battery unit 110, and thus the first boost chopper circuit can charge the second battery unit 140 with the boosted voltage. The switch S is continuously turned on and off at a predetermined duty cycle, and the second The battery cell 140 may be continuously charged and may achieve self-heating due to its internal resistance.
以同样地方式，还可以构建第二升压斩波电路，用于由第二电池单元140向第一电池单元110充电。In the same manner, a second boost chopper circuit may be constructed to charge the first battery unit 110 from the second battery unit 140 .
图2示出了根据本发明实施例的基于三相桥式电路的电池加热系统200的电路图。在电池加热系统200中，所述第一电机130和所述第二电机160分别可以被构造为三相电机。三相电机例如可以是同步电机、异步电机或无刷直流电机等。在第一电机和第二电机被构造为三相电机的情况下，第一电机和第二电机的定子绕组的中性线连接在一起。所述第一电机控制器120和所述第二电机控制器150分别可以被构造为三相桥式电路。如图2所示，第一电机控制器120和所述第二电机控制器150分别具有三个桥臂，每个桥臂上分别布置有两个开关元件，桥臂的中点，即两个开关元件之间与第一电机130或第二电机160中的其中一个绕组连接。如图2中所示，在第一电机控制器120中，三个桥臂中位于上方的第一开关元件121、第三开关元件123、第五开关元件125相互连接形成第一电机控制器120的阳极；三个桥臂中位于下方的第二开关元件122、第四开关元件124、第六开关元件126相互连接形成第一电机控制器120的阴极。在第二电机控制器150中，三个桥臂中位于上方的第七开关元件151、第九开关元件153、第十一开关元件155相互连接形成第二电机控制器150的阳极；三个桥臂中位于下方的第八开关元件152、第十开关元件154、第十二开关元件156相互连接形成第二电机控制器150的阴极。FIG2 shows a circuit diagram of a battery heating system 200 based on a three-phase bridge circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention. In the battery heating system 200, the first motor 130 and the second motor 160 can be constructed as three-phase motors, respectively. The three-phase motor can be, for example, a synchronous motor, an asynchronous motor, or a brushless DC motor, etc. In the case where the first motor and the second motor are constructed as three-phase motors, the neutral lines of the stator windings of the first motor and the second motor are connected together. The first motor controller 120 and the second motor controller 150 can be constructed as three-phase bridge circuits, respectively. As shown in FIG2, the first motor controller 120 and the second motor controller 150 each have three bridge arms, each of which is arranged with two switching elements, and the midpoint of the bridge arm, that is, between the two switching elements, is connected to one of the windings of the first motor 130 or the second motor 160. As shown in FIG2 , in the first motor controller 120, the first switch element 121, the third switch element 123, and the fifth switch element 125 located at the top of the three bridge arms are connected to each other to form the anode of the first motor controller 120; the second switch element 122, the fourth switch element 124, and the sixth switch element 126 located at the bottom of the three bridge arms are connected to each other to form the cathode of the first motor controller 120. In the second motor controller 150, the seventh switch element 151, the ninth switch element 153, and the eleventh switch element 155 located at the top of the three bridge arms are connected to each other to form the anode of the second motor controller 150; the eighth switch element 152, the tenth switch element 154, and the twelfth switch element 156 located at the bottom of the three bridge arms are connected to each other to form the cathode of the second motor controller 150.
如前面根据图1的描述，电池加热系统200在加热模式下，以升压斩波电路运行。例如在由第一电池单元110为第二电池单元140充电的情况下，第一电机控制器120中的共阳极的第一开关元件121、第三开关元件123、第五开关元件125可以同时保持接通，并且共阴极的第二开关元件122、第四开关元件124、第六开关元件126可以同时保持断开。因此，第一电池单元110经由第一电机控制器120与第一电机130的绕组连接，并且通过接通的第二开关设备180还与第二电机160的绕组连接。在第一电机控制器120中的共阳极的第一开关元件121、第三开关元件123、第五开关元件125同时保持接通的情况下，第一电机130的三个绕组并联连接。此外，根据本发明的实施例，还可以使共阳极的第一开关元件121、第三开关元件123、第五开关元件125中至少一个开关元件接通，例如，在只有第一开关元件121接通的情况下，在第一电机130中只有一个绕组作为电感起作用。在第一开关元件121和第三开关元件123接通的情况下，在第一电机130中有两个绕组并联地起作用。因此，在第一电机控制器120中，可以通过选择共阳极的第一开关元件121、第三开关元件123、第五开关元件125中保持接通的开关元件的数量来改变升压斩波电路中电感L的大小。从而可以根据升压斩波电路的导通时间以及占空比来选择合适的电感L的大小。As described above with reference to FIG. 1 , the battery heating system 200 operates in a boost chopper circuit in the heating mode. For example, when the first battery cell 110 is used to charge the second battery cell 140, the first switch element 121, the third switch element 123, and the fifth switch element 125 of the common anode in the first motor controller 120 can be kept turned on at the same time, and the second switch element 122, the fourth switch element 124, and the sixth switch element 126 of the common cathode can be kept turned off at the same time. Therefore, the first battery cell 110 is connected to the winding of the first motor 130 via the first motor controller 120, and is also connected to the winding of the second motor 160 through the turned-on second switch device 180. When the first switch element 121, the third switch element 123, and the fifth switch element 125 of the common anode in the first motor controller 120 are kept turned on at the same time, the three windings of the first motor 130 are connected in parallel. In addition, according to an embodiment of the present invention, the first switch element 121, the third switch element 123, the fifth switch element 126 of the common anode can also be made to be turned on at the same time. At least one of the switching elements 125 is turned on. For example, when only the first switching element 121 is turned on, only one winding in the first motor 130 acts as an inductor. When the first switching element 121 and the third switching element 123 are turned on, two windings in the first motor 130 act in parallel. Therefore, in the first motor controller 120, the size of the inductor L in the boost chopper circuit can be changed by selecting the number of switching elements that remain turned on among the first switching element 121, the third switching element 123, and the fifth switching element 125 with a common anode. Therefore, the size of the appropriate inductor L can be selected according to the conduction time and duty cycle of the boost chopper circuit.
图3示出了根据本发明实施例的基于三相桥式电路的电池加热系统的第一状态图。在图3中，第二电机控制器150中的共阴极的第八开关元件152、第十开关元件154、第十二开关元件156相当于图1中所示的开关S。在第一状态中，第二电机控制器150中的共阴极的第八开关元件152、第十开关元件154、第十二开关元件156同时接通。因此，电流流经电感L后到达第一电池单元110和第二电池单元140的负极，因此第一电池单元110仅对电感L进行充电。图4示出了根据本发明实施例的基于三相桥式电路的电池加热系统的第二状态图。在第二状态中，第二电机控制器150中的共阴极的第八开关元件152、第十开关元件154、第十二开关元件156同时断开。因此，电感L中存储的能量会通过第二电机控制器150中的共阳极的第七开关元件151、第九开关元件153、第十一开关元件155中的二极管释放并且因此向第二电池单元140施加电压，同时第一电池单元110也会给第二电池单元140施加电压，并且因此电池加热系统200可以以较大的电压为第二电池单元140充电。第二电机控制器150中的共阴极的第八开关元件152、第十开关元件154、第十二开关元件156作为图1中所示的开关S以预定的占空比不断进行接通和断开，第二电池单元140因此可以被持续充电，并且由于其内阻可以实现自发热。FIG3 shows a first state diagram of a battery heating system based on a three-phase bridge circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention. In FIG3, the eighth switch element 152, the tenth switch element 154, and the twelfth switch element 156 of the common cathode in the second motor controller 150 are equivalent to the switch S shown in FIG1. In the first state, the eighth switch element 152, the tenth switch element 154, and the twelfth switch element 156 of the common cathode in the second motor controller 150 are simultaneously turned on. Therefore, the current flows through the inductor L and reaches the negative electrode of the first battery unit 110 and the second battery unit 140, so the first battery unit 110 only charges the inductor L. FIG4 shows a second state diagram of a battery heating system based on a three-phase bridge circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention. In the second state, the eighth switch element 152, the tenth switch element 154, and the twelfth switch element 156 of the common cathode in the second motor controller 150 are simultaneously turned off. Therefore, the energy stored in the inductor L is released through the diodes in the seventh switch element 151, the ninth switch element 153, and the eleventh switch element 155 of the common anode in the second motor controller 150, and thus a voltage is applied to the second battery cell 140. At the same time, the first battery cell 110 also applies a voltage to the second battery cell 140, and thus the battery heating system 200 can charge the second battery cell 140 with a larger voltage. The eighth switch element 152, the tenth switch element 154, and the twelfth switch element 156 of the common cathode in the second motor controller 150 are continuously turned on and off at a predetermined duty cycle as the switch S shown in FIG. 1, so that the second battery cell 140 can be continuously charged, and self-heating can be achieved due to its internal resistance.
根据本发明的实施例，例如所述第二电机控制器150中共阴极的第八开关元件152、第十开关元件154、第十二开关元件156中的至少一个可以以预定的占空比接通和断开。例如，只有第八开关元件152以预定的占空比接通和断开，另外的第十开关元件154、第十二开关元件156保持断开。在这种情况下，在第八开关元件152接通时，只有与第八开关元件152连接的第二电机160中的绕组作为电感被充电。以类似的方式，可以只有第十开关元件154或第十二开关元件156以预定的占空比接通和断开，另外两个开关元件保持断开；或者第八开关元件152、第十开关元件154、第十二开关元件156中的两个以预定的占空比接通和断开，另外一个开关元件保持断开。因此，在第二电机控制器150中，可以通过选择共阴极的第八开关元件152、第十开关元件154、第十二开关元件156中以预定的占空比接通和断开的开关元件的数量来改变升压斩波电路中电感L的大小。从而可以根据导通时间和占空比来选择合适的电感L的大小。According to an embodiment of the present invention, for example, at least one of the eighth switching element 152, the tenth switching element 154, and the twelfth switching element 156 with a common cathode in the second motor controller 150 can be turned on and off at a predetermined duty cycle. For example, only the eighth switching element 152 is turned on and off at a predetermined duty cycle, and the other tenth switching element 154 and the twelfth switching element 156 remain turned off. In this case, when the eighth switching element 152 is turned on, only the winding in the second motor 160 connected to the eighth switching element 152 is charged as an inductor. In a similar manner, only the tenth switching element 154 can be turned on and off at a predetermined duty cycle. 154 or the twelfth switch element 156 is turned on and off at a predetermined duty cycle, and the other two switch elements remain off; or two of the eighth switch element 152, the tenth switch element 154, and the twelfth switch element 156 are turned on and off at a predetermined duty cycle, and the other switch element remains off. Therefore, in the second motor controller 150, the size of the inductance L in the boost chopper circuit can be changed by selecting the number of switch elements turned on and off at a predetermined duty cycle among the eighth switch element 152, the tenth switch element 154, and the twelfth switch element 156 with a common cathode. Thus, the appropriate size of the inductance L can be selected according to the on-time and the duty cycle.
根据本发明的实施例，所述第二电机控制器150中共阴极的第八开关元件152、第十开关元件154、第十二开关元件156中的至少两个以预定的占空比交错接通和断开。例如，共阴极的第八开关元件152和第十开关元件154可以以预定的占空比交错接通断开，即在预定的占空比为1/2的情况下，在第八开关元件152接通时，第十开关元件154断开，并且在第八开关元件152断开时，第十开关元件154接通。替换地，例如，共阴极的第八开关元件152、第十开关元件154和第十二开关元件156可以以预定的占空比交错接通断开，即在预定的占空比为1/3的情况下，在第八开关元件152接通时，第十开关元件154和第十二开关元件156断开，在第十开关元件154接通时，第八开关元件152和第十二开关元件156断开，在第十二开关元件156接通时，第八开关元件152和第十开关元件154断开。通过开关元件中的至少两个以预定的占空比交错接通和断开，构建了多重交错并联的升压斩波电路，其减小了第二电池单元140的充电电流和充电电压的纹波幅度，从而降低了对电感L的要求。According to an embodiment of the present invention, at least two of the eighth switching element 152, the tenth switching element 154, and the twelfth switching element 156 of the common cathode in the second motor controller 150 are switched on and off alternately at a predetermined duty cycle. For example, the eighth switching element 152 and the tenth switching element 154 of the common cathode can be switched on and off alternately at a predetermined duty cycle, that is, when the predetermined duty cycle is 1/2, when the eighth switching element 152 is switched on, the tenth switching element 154 is switched off, and when the eighth switching element 152 is switched off, the tenth switching element 154 is switched on. Alternatively, for example, the eighth switch element 152, the tenth switch element 154 and the twelfth switch element 156 of the common cathode can be switched on and off alternately at a predetermined duty cycle, that is, when the predetermined duty cycle is 1/3, when the eighth switch element 152 is switched on, the tenth switch element 154 and the twelfth switch element 156 are switched off, when the tenth switch element 154 is switched on, the eighth switch element 152 and the twelfth switch element 156 are switched off, and when the twelfth switch element 156 is switched on, the eighth switch element 152 and the tenth switch element 154 are switched off. By switching on and off at least two of the switch elements alternately at a predetermined duty cycle, a multiple interleaved parallel boost chopper circuit is constructed, which reduces the ripple amplitude of the charging current and the charging voltage of the second battery unit 140, thereby reducing the requirement for the inductor L.
根据本发明的实施例，在所述第一电池单元或第二电池单元的温度低于预定的第一温度阈值的情况下，所述第一开关设备断开并且所述第二开关设备接通，并且所述第一电机控制器和所述第二电机控制器被控制为，使得所述第一电池单元和所述第二电池单元、所述第一电机控制器和所述第二电机控制器以及所述第一电机和所述第二电机的绕组构成升压斩波电路，使得所述第一电池单元向所述第二电池单元充电，并且在所述第一电池单元或第二电池单元的温度高于预定的第二温度阈值的情况下，所述第一开关设备接通并且所述第二开关设备断开。第一温度阈值例如可以是非常低的温度，诸如0摄氏度、零下10摄氏度或更低的温度。在确定第一电池单元或第二电池单元的温度低于预定的第一温度阈值的情况下，电池加热系统可以启动对第一和第二电池单元的加热。在电池单元的温度升高并且超过第二温度阈值时，电池加热系统可以停止对第一和第二电池单元的加热。According to an embodiment of the present invention, when the temperature of the first battery cell or the second battery cell is lower than a predetermined first temperature threshold, the first switch device is disconnected and the second switch device is connected, and the first motor controller and the second motor controller are controlled so that the first battery cell and the second battery cell, the first motor controller and the second motor controller, and the windings of the first motor and the second motor constitute a boost chopper circuit so that the first battery cell charges the second battery cell, and when the temperature of the first battery cell or the second battery cell is higher than a predetermined second temperature threshold, the first switch device is connected and the second switch device is disconnected. The first temperature threshold may be, for example, a very low temperature, such as 0 degrees Celsius, minus 10 degrees Celsius, or lower. When determining that the first battery cell or the second battery cell is When the temperature of the battery cell is lower than a predetermined first temperature threshold, the battery heating system can start heating the first and second battery cells. When the temperature of the battery cell rises and exceeds a second temperature threshold, the battery heating system can stop heating the first and second battery cells.
根据本发明的实施例，在所述第二电池单元被充电后，所述第一电池单元和所述第二电池单元互相补偿以实现电压平衡。在所述第二电池单元被充电后，第一电池单元和第二电池单元之间会出现电压差。这不利于第一电池单元和第二电池单元后续共同为电机提供电能。因此，例如可以通过现有的电路，即在第一开关设备断开并且所述第二开关设备接通情况下形成的电路使第二电池单元对第一电池单元进行电压补偿，从而实现两者的电压平衡。According to an embodiment of the present invention, after the second battery cell is charged, the first battery cell and the second battery cell compensate each other to achieve voltage balance. After the second battery cell is charged, a voltage difference will appear between the first battery cell and the second battery cell. This is not conducive to the first battery cell and the second battery cell subsequently jointly providing electrical energy to the motor. Therefore, for example, the second battery cell can be used to compensate the voltage of the first battery cell through an existing circuit, that is, a circuit formed when the first switch device is disconnected and the second switch device is connected, so as to achieve voltage balance between the two.
本发明还提出了一种电动卡车，其包括两组或多组动力系统，例如该电动卡车包括第一动力系统：第一电池单元，第一电机和第一电机控制器，用于将所述第一电池单元和所述第二电池单元提供的直流电变换为交流电，并将其馈送给所述第一电机，和第二动力系统：第二电池单元，第二电机和第二电机控制器，用于将所述第一电池单元和所述第二电池单元提供的直流电变换为交流电，并将其馈送给所述第二电机。第一动力系统和第二动力系统能够支持电动卡车的正常行驶。此外，该电动卡车还包括：第一开关设备，用于通断所述第一电池单元与所述第二电池单元的并联连接，以及第二开关设备，用于通断所述第一电机的绕组与所述第二电机的绕组之间的连接。在需要加热第一电池单元或第二电池单元的情况下，所述第一开关设备断开并且所述第二开关设备接通，并且所述第一电机控制器和所述第二电机控制器被控制为，使得所述第一电池单元和所述第二电池单元、所述第一电机控制器和所述第二电机控制器以及所述第一电机和所述第二电机的绕组构成升压斩波电路，使得所述第一电池单元向所述第二电池单元充电。电动卡车通常在行驶之前检测电池单元的温度，当电池单元的温度低于第一阈值时通过本发明的技术方案对电池单元进行加热。The present invention also proposes an electric truck, which includes two or more power systems, for example, the electric truck includes a first power system: a first battery unit, a first motor and a first motor controller, which is used to convert the direct current provided by the first battery unit and the second battery unit into alternating current and feed it to the first motor, and a second power system: a second battery unit, a second motor and a second motor controller, which is used to convert the direct current provided by the first battery unit and the second battery unit into alternating current and feed it to the second motor. The first power system and the second power system can support the normal driving of the electric truck. In addition, the electric truck also includes: a first switch device for switching on and off the parallel connection between the first battery unit and the second battery unit, and a second switch device for switching on and off the connection between the winding of the first motor and the winding of the second motor. In the case where the first battery unit or the second battery unit needs to be heated, the first switch device is disconnected and the second switch device is connected, and the first motor controller and the second motor controller are controlled so that the first battery unit and the second battery unit, the first motor controller and the second motor controller, and the windings of the first motor and the second motor constitute a boost chopper circuit so that the first battery unit charges the second battery unit. Electric trucks usually detect the temperature of battery cells before driving, and when the temperature of the battery cells is lower than a first threshold, the battery cells are heated by the technical solution of the present invention.
根据本发明的实施例的电动卡车通过设置附加的第一和第二开关设备将两组动力系统构造为升压斩波电路。这种基于升压斩波电路的对电池进行加热的方式相对于现有技术省去了附加的加热元件。相对于现有技术中的脉冲电池加热方案，根据本发明的电池加热系统具有更高的充电电压，因此可以更高效地对电池进行加热。此外，在现有技术的脉冲电池加热方案中，电池单元以很高的频率，例如几千赫兹进行充电和放电，而在根据本发明的电池加热系统中，两个电池单元相互仅以很低的频率，例如几十赫兹进行充电和放电。由于在充放电频率较低的情况下，电池具有相对较高的内阻，因此根据本发明的电池加热系统可以更高效地使电池自发热。此外，在现有技术的脉冲电池加热方案中，需要较大的电感，以便能够更高效地利用电感对电池进行充电。但是，在根据本发明的电池加热系统中，电感的大小并不影响升压斩波电路的功能，无论选择什么样的电感，根据本发明的电池加热系统都可以以升高的电压对电池进行充电并加热电池。The electric truck according to the embodiment of the present invention configures the two power systems into a boost chopper circuit by providing additional first and second switch devices. This method of heating the battery based on the boost chopper circuit eliminates the need for additional heating elements compared to the prior art. Compared to the pulse battery heating scheme in the prior art, the battery heating system according to the present invention has a higher charging voltage, so the battery can be heated more efficiently. In addition, in the pulse battery heating scheme in the prior art, the battery The cells are charged and discharged at a very high frequency, such as several thousand hertz, while in the battery heating system according to the present invention, the two battery cells are charged and discharged with each other at only a very low frequency, such as tens of hertz. Since the battery has a relatively high internal resistance when the charging and discharging frequency is low, the battery heating system according to the present invention can make the battery self-heat more efficiently. In addition, in the pulse battery heating scheme of the prior art, a larger inductance is required so that the inductance can be used more efficiently to charge the battery. However, in the battery heating system according to the present invention, the size of the inductance does not affect the function of the boost chopper circuit. No matter what kind of inductance is selected, the battery heating system according to the present invention can charge and heat the battery at an increased voltage.
本发明中涉及的电路、单元、器件、装置、设备、系统的方框图仅作为示例性的例子并不意图要求或暗示必须按照方框图示出的方式进行连接、布置、配置。如本领域技术人员将认识到的，可以按任意方式连接、布置、配置这些电路、单元、器件、装置、设备、系统，只要能够实现所期望的目的即可。本发明中涉及的电路、单元、器件、装置可以采用任何合适的方式实现，也可以采用通用处理器结合程序的方式实现。The block diagrams of the circuits, units, devices, apparatuses, equipment, and systems involved in the present invention are only illustrative examples and are not intended to require or imply that they must be connected, arranged, or configured in the manner shown in the block diagrams. As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, these circuits, units, devices, apparatuses, equipment, and systems may be connected, arranged, or configured in any manner as long as the desired purpose can be achieved. The circuits, units, devices, and apparatuses involved in the present invention may be implemented in any suitable manner, or may be implemented in the manner of a general-purpose processor combined with a program.
本领域技术人员应该理解，上述的具体实施例仅是例子而非限制，可以根据设计需求和其它因素对本发明的实施例进行各种修改、组合、部分组合和替换，只要它们在所附权利要求或其等同的范围内，即属于本发明所要保护的权利范围。Those skilled in the art should understand that the above-mentioned specific embodiments are merely examples and not limitations, and various modifications, combinations, partial combinations and replacements may be made to the embodiments of the present invention according to design requirements and other factors. As long as they are within the scope of the attached claims or their equivalents, they are within the scope of rights to be protected by the present invention.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310354740.4 | 2023-04-06 | ||
| CN202310354740.4ACN116061765B (en) | 2023-04-06 | 2023-04-06 | Battery heating system and electric truck |
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2024207830A1true WO2024207830A1 (en) | 2024-10-10 |
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/CN2023/142624PendingWO2024207830A1 (en) | 2023-04-06 | 2023-12-28 | Battery heating system and electric truck |
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN116061765B (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2024207830A1 (en) |
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