磁流体浮力刹车鼓 Magnetic fluid buoyancy brake drum
技术领域Technical field
本发明涉及一种刹车装置， 特别是一种磁流体浮力刹车鼓。 背景技术 The invention relates to a brake device, in particular to a magnetic fluid buoyancy brake drum. Background technique
现有的机动车以及一些设备的刹车装置， 刹车时， 利用油压装置驱动 刹车片与制动盘摩擦阻力来刹车的， 刹车的冲击力较大， 刹车片与制动盘 摩擦的温度较高，刹车片容易磨损，影响了刹车片以及制动盘的使用寿命。 发明内容 The brake device of the existing motor vehicle and some equipments, when braking, uses the hydraulic device to drive the frictional resistance between the brake pad and the brake disc to brake, the impact force of the brake is large, and the temperature of the brake pad and the brake disc is relatively high. The brake pads are easily worn, which affects the service life of the brake pads and the brake discs. Summary of the invention
本发明的目的是克服现有技术的不足， 提供一种机动车以及设备使用 的磁流体浮力刹车鼓， 利用刹车爪于磁流体中受到的浮力驱动刹车爪的刹 车片与制动盘摩擦刹车， 利用磁流体来降低刹车片以及制动盘的温度。 The object of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, and to provide a magnetic fluid buoyancy brake drum for use in a motor vehicle and a device, which utilizes the buoyancy force of the brake claw in the magnetic fluid to drive the brake pad of the brake pawl and the brake disc to brake. Magnetic fluid is used to reduce the temperature of the brake pads and brake discs.
本发明所采用的技术方案是：磁流体浮力刹车鼓包括有外壳、制动盘、 转动轴、 刹车爪、 磁流体、 电磁线圈以及控制器； 制动盘与转动轴固定连 接， 转动轴的轴线与制动盘的轴线相同， 转动轴与外壳动配合连接， 制动 盘密封于外壳的制动型腔内， 磁流体设于制动型腔内； 刹车爪位于制动盘 的下方， 刹车爪的刹车片位于制动盘制动面的对面， 刹车爪与外壳铰接； 电磁线圈设于外壳上， 电磁线圈的磁力线经过磁流体， 控制器设有控制线 与电磁线圈连接， 刹车爪的比重大于磁流体的比重， 使刹车爪在重力的作 用下摆动下沉， 使刹车爪的刹车片与制动盘留有间隙。 磁流体充满制动型 腔， 利用磁流体降低刹车片与制动盘摩擦温度； 外壳设有散热片， 刹车片 与制动盘摩擦产生的热量经磁流体传递到外壳， 热量再由外壳散发出去。 The technical solution adopted by the invention is that the magnetic fluid buoyancy brake drum comprises a casing, a brake disc, a rotating shaft, a brake claw, a magnetic fluid, an electromagnetic coil and a controller; the brake disc is fixedly connected with the rotating shaft, and the axis of the rotating shaft Same as the axis of the brake disc, the rotating shaft is movably coupled with the outer casing, the brake disc is sealed in the brake cavity of the outer casing, and the magnetic fluid is disposed in the brake cavity; the brake pawl is located below the brake disc, the brake pawl The brake pad is located on the opposite side of the brake surface of the brake disc, and the brake claw is hinged to the outer casing; the electromagnetic coil is disposed on the outer casing, the magnetic flux of the electromagnetic coil passes through the magnetic fluid, and the controller is provided with the control line and the electromagnetic coil, and the specific gravity of the brake pawl is greater than The specific gravity of the magnetic fluid causes the brake pawl to sway and sink under the action of gravity, leaving a gap between the brake pad of the brake pawl and the brake disc. The magnetic fluid fills the brake cavity, and the magnetic fluid is used to reduce the friction temperature between the brake pad and the brake disc; the outer casing is provided with a heat sink, and the heat generated by the friction between the brake pad and the brake disc is transmitted to the outer casing through the magnetic fluid, and the heat is dissipated from the outer casing. .
使用时， 外壳与机动车或设备的机架固定连接， 转动轴与需要制动的 转轴固定连接； 制动时， 利用控制器接通电磁线圈的电源， 电磁线圈产生 磁场， 磁场将制动型腔内的磁流体磁化， 利用控制器控制电磁线圈的磁场 强度不断增加， 使磁流体的比重不断增加， 磁流体的比重大于刹车爪的比 重， 刹车爪在磁流体浮力的作用下向上摆动， 使刹车爪的刹车片与制动盘 摩擦， 利用刹车片与制动盘摩擦力阻碍制动盘转动， 利用控制器控制刹车 爪在磁流体中受到的浮力刹车；刹车解除时，控制器切断电磁线圈的电源， 电磁线圈的磁场消失， 磁流体恢复到未磁化的状态， 刹车爪的重力大于刹 车爪于磁流体中受到的浮力， 刹车爪摆动离开制动盘， 刹车解除； 控制器 控制加强刹车的制动力时， 控制器控制电磁线圈的磁场强度不断增加， 使 磁流体的比重不断增加， 使刹车爪于磁流体受到的浮力不断增加， 使刹车 片与制动盘的摩擦力不断增加； 控制器控制减少刹车的制动力时， 控制器 控制电磁线圈的磁场强度不断降低， 使磁流体的比重不断减少， 使刹车爪 于磁流体受到的浮力不断减少， 使刹车片与制动盘的摩擦力不断减少。In use, the outer casing is fixedly connected with the frame of the motor vehicle or equipment, and the rotating shaft is fixedly connected with the rotating shaft that needs to be braked; when braking, the power supply of the electromagnetic coil is turned on by the controller, the electromagnetic coil generates a magnetic field, and the magnetic field will be brake type. Magnetization of the magnetic fluid in the cavity, the magnetic field strength of the electromagnetic coil is continuously increased by the controller, and the specific gravity of the magnetic fluid is continuously increased. The specific gravity of the magnetic fluid is greater than the specific gravity of the brake pawl, and the brake pawl swings upward under the action of the buoyancy of the magnetic fluid. The brake pad of the brake pawl rubs against the brake disc, and the friction between the brake pad and the brake disc hinders the rotation of the brake disc, and the brake is controlled by the controller. The buoyancy brake of the claw in the magnetic fluid; when the brake is released, the controller cuts off the power of the electromagnetic coil, the magnetic field of the electromagnetic coil disappears, the magnetic fluid returns to the unmagnetized state, and the gravity of the brake pawl is greater than that of the brake paw in the magnetic fluid. Buoyancy, the brake paws swing away from the brake disc, and the brake is released. When the controller controls the braking force of the brake, the controller controls the magnetic field strength of the electromagnetic coil to increase continuously, so that the specific gravity of the magnetic fluid is continuously increased, so that the brake claw is subjected to the magnetic fluid. The buoyancy is increasing, and the friction between the brake pad and the brake disc is continuously increased. When the controller controls to reduce the braking force of the brake, the magnetic field strength of the controller controlling the electromagnetic coil is continuously reduced, so that the specific gravity of the magnetic fluid is continuously reduced, so that the brake claw is The buoyancy of the magnetic fluid is continuously reduced, and the friction between the brake pad and the brake disc is continuously reduced.
本发明的有益效果是： 磁流体浮力刹车鼓包括有外壳、 制动盘、 转动 轴、 刹车爪、 磁流体、 电磁线圈以及控制器； 利用控制器控制电磁线圈的 磁场， 利用磁场控制磁流体的比重， 利用磁流体的比重控制刹车爪于磁流 体受到的浮力， 利用刹车爪于磁流体受到的浮力来驱动刹车爪的刹车片与 制动盘摩擦刹车， 利用磁流体降低刹车片以及制动盘的温度， 提高刹车片 以及制动盘的使用寿命， 减少刹车抱死故障的发生。 附图说明 The utility model has the beneficial effects that: the magnetic fluid buoyancy brake drum comprises a casing, a brake disc, a rotating shaft, a brake claw, a magnetic fluid, an electromagnetic coil and a controller; the magnetic field of the electromagnetic coil is controlled by the controller, and the magnetic fluid is controlled by the magnetic field Specific gravity, using the specific gravity of the magnetic fluid to control the buoyancy of the brake claw on the magnetic fluid, using the buoyancy of the brake fluid on the magnetic fluid to drive the brake pads of the brake pawl and the brake disc friction brake, using the magnetic fluid to reduce the brake pads and the brake disc The temperature increases the service life of the brake pads and the brake discs, reducing the occurrence of brake lock failures. DRAWINGS
图 1是磁流体浮力刹车鼓的结构示意图； 1 is a schematic structural view of a magnetic fluid buoyancy brake drum;
图 2是图 1的左视图。 具体实施方式 Figure 2 is a left side view of Figure 1. detailed description
下面结合附图对本发明进行进一步的说明： The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:
图 1所示的磁流体浮力刹车鼓的结构示意图以及图 2所示图 1的左视 图， 磁流体浮力刹车鼓包括有外壳 1、 制动盘 2、 转动轴 3、 刹车爪 4、 磁 流体 5、 电磁线圈 6以及控制器 7; 制动盘 2与转动轴 3固定连接， 转动 轴 3的轴线与制动盘 2的轴线相同， 转动轴 3与外壳 1动配合连接， 制动 盘 2密封于外壳 1的制动型腔 8内， 磁流体 5设于制动型腔 8内； 刹车爪 4位于制动盘 2的下方，刹车爪 4的刹车片 9位于制动盘 2制动面 10的对 面， 刹车爪 4与外壳 1铰接； 电磁线圈 6设于外壳 1上， 电磁线圈 6的磁 力线经过磁流体 5， 控制器 7设有控制线与电磁线圈 6连接， 刹车爪 4的 比重大于磁流体 5的比重； 为了减少铁磁材料对电磁线圈 6磁场的干扰， 外壳 1、 制动盘 2以及刹车爪 4为非铁磁材料构成， 外壳 1以及制动盘 2 由铝合金构成， 刹车爪 4由铝合金与陶瓷磨料构成。FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of the magnetic fluid buoyancy brake drum, and FIG. 2 is a left side view of FIG. 1. The magnetic fluid buoyancy brake drum includes a casing 1, a brake disk 2, a rotating shaft 3, a brake pawl 4, and a magnetic fluid 5. The electromagnetic coil 6 and the controller 7; the brake disc 2 is fixedly connected with the rotating shaft 3, the axis of the rotating shaft 3 is the same as the axis of the brake disc 2, the rotating shaft 3 is movably coupled with the outer casing 1, and the brake disc 2 is sealed In the brake cavity 8 of the outer casing 1, the magnetic fluid 5 is disposed in the brake cavity 8; the brake pawl 4 is located below the brake disk 2, and the brake pad 9 of the brake pawl 4 is located on the braking surface 10 of the brake disk 2. Oppositely, the brake pawl 4 is hinged to the outer casing 1; the electromagnetic coil 6 is disposed on the outer casing 1, the magnetic flux of the electromagnetic coil 6 passes through the magnetic fluid 5, and the controller 7 is provided with a control line connected to the electromagnetic coil 6, and the specific gravity of the brake pawl 4 is larger than the magnetic fluid The specific gravity of 5; in order to reduce the interference of the ferromagnetic material on the magnetic field of the electromagnetic coil 6, the outer casing 1, the brake disc 2 and the brake pawl 4 are made of a non-ferromagnetic material, the outer casing 1 and the brake disc 2 It is composed of an aluminum alloy, and the brake pawl 4 is composed of an aluminum alloy and a ceramic abrasive.
为了利用控制器 7输出的电压对刹车爪 4与刹车盘 2的摩擦力实施控 制， 电磁线圈 6的磁场强度与控制器 7输入电磁线圈 6的电压成正比， 制 动型腔 8内磁流体 5的比重与电磁线圈 6的磁场强度成正比， 刹车爪 4在 磁流体 5中受到的浮力与磁流体 5的比重成正比， 刹车爪 4的刹车片 9与 制动盘 2摩擦力与刹车爪 4在磁流体 5中受到的浮力成正比。 In order to control the friction between the brake pawl 4 and the brake disc 2 by the voltage outputted by the controller 7, the magnetic field strength of the electromagnetic coil 6 is proportional to the voltage input to the electromagnetic coil 6 of the controller 7, and the magnetic fluid 5 in the brake cavity 8 The specific gravity is proportional to the magnetic field strength of the electromagnetic coil 6. The buoyancy of the brake pawl 4 in the magnetic fluid 5 is proportional to the specific gravity of the magnetic fluid 5, and the friction between the brake pad 9 of the brake pawl 4 and the brake disc 2 and the brake pawl 4 The buoyancy received in the magnetic fluid 5 is proportional.
为了利用控制器 7输出的电流对刹车爪 4与刹车盘 2的摩擦力实施控 制， 电磁线圈 6设有多个， 每个电磁线圈 6的绕向相同， 产生磁场的方向 相同， 每个电磁线圈 6相互并联连接， 每个电磁线圈 6设有开关， 每个开 关与控制器连接， 每个开关的接通或者分断被控制器 7控制； 电磁线圈 6 的磁场强度与控制器 7输入电磁线圈 6的电流成正比， 制动型腔 8内磁流 体 5的比重与电磁线圈 6的磁场强度成正比， 刹车爪 4在磁流体 5中受到 的浮力与磁流体 5的比重成正比， 刹车爪 4的刹车片 9与制动盘 2摩擦力 与刹车爪 4在磁流体 5中受到的浮力成正比。 In order to control the frictional force of the brake pawl 4 and the brake disc 2 by the current outputted by the controller 7, a plurality of electromagnetic coils 6 are provided, and the winding directions of each of the electromagnetic coils 6 are the same, the directions of the generated magnetic fields are the same, and each electromagnetic coil is 6 are connected in parallel with each other, each electromagnetic coil 6 is provided with a switch, each switch is connected with a controller, and the switching on or off of each switch is controlled by the controller 7; the magnetic field strength of the electromagnetic coil 6 and the electromagnetic input coil 6 of the controller 7 The current is proportional to the ratio of the magnetic fluid 5 in the brake cavity 8 to the magnetic field strength of the electromagnetic coil 6. The buoyancy of the brake pawl 4 in the magnetic fluid 5 is proportional to the specific gravity of the magnetic fluid 5, and the brake pawl 4 The friction between the brake pad 9 and the brake disc 2 is proportional to the buoyancy of the brake pawl 4 in the magnetic fluid 5.
为了提高刹车的散热效率， 磁流体 5充满制动型腔 8， 利用磁流体 5 降低刹车片 9与制动盘 2摩擦温度； 外壳 1设有散热片 11， 刹车片 9与制 动盘 2摩擦产生的热量经磁流体 5传递到外壳 1， 热量再由外壳 1散发。 In order to improve the heat dissipation efficiency of the brake, the magnetic fluid 5 fills the brake cavity 8, and the magnetic fluid 5 reduces the friction temperature between the brake pad 9 and the brake disk 2; the outer casing 1 is provided with a heat sink 11, and the brake pad 9 rubs against the brake disk 2 The generated heat is transferred to the outer casing 1 via the magnetic fluid 5, and the heat is again dissipated by the outer casing 1.
为了防止磁流体 5的泄露， 转动轴 3与外壳 1的轴承座 12之间设有 第一密封圈 13， 用于防止磁流体 5于转动轴 3泄露； 外壳 1设有第二密封 圈 16与调节螺栓 14密封连接， 防止磁流体 5于调节螺栓 14泄露。 In order to prevent leakage of the magnetic fluid 5, a first sealing ring 13 is provided between the rotating shaft 3 and the bearing housing 12 of the outer casing 1 for preventing leakage of the magnetic fluid 5 on the rotating shaft 3; the outer casing 1 is provided with a second sealing ring 16 and The adjusting bolt 14 is sealingly connected to prevent the magnetic fluid 5 from leaking from the adjusting bolt 14.
为了调节刹车爪 4的刹车片 9与制动盘 2的距离， 其特征在于： 所述 的外壳 1设有调节螺栓 14， 调节螺栓 14通过螺紋与外壳 1连接， 调节螺 栓 14的上端 15与刹车爪 4接触， 同时， 使刹车爪 4的刹车片 9与制动盘 2的制动面 10留有间隙。 为了使增加刹车片 9与制动盘 2的接触面， 刹车 爪 4刹车片 9的形状为圆弧形， 圆弧形的半径与制动盘 2制动面 10的半 径相同。 In order to adjust the distance between the brake pad 9 of the brake pawl 4 and the brake disc 2, the outer casing 1 is provided with an adjusting bolt 14, and the adjusting bolt 14 is connected to the outer casing 1 by threads, and the upper end 15 of the adjusting bolt 14 is braked. The claws 4 are in contact, and at the same time, the brake pads 9 of the brake pawls 4 are left with a gap with the braking surface 10 of the brake disc 2. In order to increase the contact surface of the brake pad 9 with the brake disc 2, the brake pawl 4 has a circular arc shape, and the radius of the circular arc is the same as the radius of the braking surface 10 of the brake disc 2.
为了实施刹车， 控制转动轴转动， 外壳 1固定有铰轴 17， 刹车爪 4的 上端 18设有铰套 19， 铰套 19与铰轴 17铰接， 刹车爪 4的下端 20位于铰 轴 17以及制动盘 2的下方； 刹车时， 刹车爪 4与制动盘 2摩擦刹车。 In order to implement the braking, the rotating shaft is controlled to rotate, and the outer casing 1 is fixed with a hinge shaft 17, and the upper end 18 of the brake claw 4 is provided with a hinge 19, and the hinge 19 is hinged with the hinge shaft 17, and the lower end 20 of the brake claw 4 is located at the hinge shaft 17 and Below the moving plate 2; when braking, the brake pawl 4 rubs against the brake disc 2.
为了实施制动盘 2的对称刹车， 刹车爪 4有两个， 一个刹车爪 4设于 制动盘 2的左边， 另一个刹车爪 4设于制动盘 2的右边， 外壳 1的左边以 及右边分别固定有铰轴 17，左边刹车爪 4的铰套 19与左边的铰轴 17铰接， 右边的刹车爪 4的铰套 19与右边的铰轴 17铰接； 刹车时， 左边的刹车爪 4按逆时针方向摆动与制动盘 2摩擦， 右边的刹车爪 4按顺时针方向摆动 与制动盘摩擦。In order to implement the symmetrical braking of the brake disc 2, there are two brake claws 4, one brake claw 4 is disposed on the left side of the brake disc 2, and the other brake claw 4 is disposed on the right side of the brake disc 2, and the left side of the outer casing 1 is And the right side is respectively fixed with a hinge shaft 17, the hinge 19 of the left brake pawl 4 is hinged with the left hinge shaft 17, and the hinge 19 of the right brake pawl 4 is hinged with the right hinge shaft 17; when braking, the left brake pawl 4 The counterclockwise swings against the brake disc 2, and the right brake pawl 4 swings clockwise to rub against the brake disc.