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WO2010126129A1 - Medical manipulator - Google Patents

Medical manipulator
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Publication number
WO2010126129A1
WO2010126129A1PCT/JP2010/057673JP2010057673WWO2010126129A1WO 2010126129 A1WO2010126129 A1WO 2010126129A1JP 2010057673 WJP2010057673 WJP 2010057673WWO 2010126129 A1WO2010126129 A1WO 2010126129A1
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unit
engagement
shaft
engaging
trigger lever
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PCT/JP2010/057673
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French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
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神野誠
大森繁
上之原秀一
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テルモ株式会社
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Priority to JP2011511468ApriorityCriticalpatent/JP5886043B2/en
Publication of WO2010126129A1publicationCriticalpatent/WO2010126129A1/en

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Abstract

A manipulator (10) used as a medical manipulator comprises: an operation section (14) which has a grip handle (26) gripped by the human hand; and an working section (16) which can be mounted to and removed from the operation section (14). The working section (16) comprises: a trigger lever (36) which is operated by the human hand; a tip operation section (12) which is operated by operation of the trigger lever (36); a connection shaft (18), to the tip of which the tip operation section (12) is mounted; and rods (192a, 192b) which penetrate through the inside of the connection shaft (18) and serve as operation transmitting sections for mechanically transmitting to the tip operation section (12) an operation which is inputted to the trigger lever (36).

Description

医療用マニピュレータMedical manipulator
 本発明は、人手によって把持されるハンドルを有する基部と、該基部に対して着脱可能な作業部とを有する医療用マニピュレータに関する。The present invention relates to a medical manipulator having a base portion having a handle gripped by a hand and a working portion detachable from the base portion.
 腹腔鏡下手術においては、患者の腹部等に小さな孔をいくつかあけて内視鏡、マニピュレータ(又は鉗子)等を挿入し、術者が内視鏡の映像をモニタで見ながら手術を行っている。このような腹腔鏡下手術は、開腹を必要としないため患者への負担が少なく、術後の回復や退院までの日数が大幅に低減されることから、適用分野の拡大が期待されている。In laparoscopic surgery, a small hole is made in the patient's abdomen, etc., and an endoscope, manipulator (or forceps), etc. are inserted, and the surgeon performs the operation while viewing the endoscope image on the monitor. Yes. Since such laparoscopic surgery does not require laparotomy, the burden on the patient is small, and the number of days until postoperative recovery and discharge is greatly reduced, and therefore, the application field is expected to expand.
 一方、腹腔鏡下手術で用いるマニピュレータには、患部の位置及び大きさに応じて迅速且つ適切な手技が可能であることが望まれており、しかも患部切除、縫合及び結紮等の様々な手技が行われる。これに関連して、操作の自由度が高くしかも簡便に操作することのできるマニピュレータの提案がなされている(例えば、日本国特開2008-104854号公報参照)。On the other hand, manipulators used in laparoscopic surgery are desired to be capable of quick and appropriate procedures depending on the position and size of the affected area, and various techniques such as excision of the affected area, suturing and ligation are required. Done. In relation to this, there has been proposed a manipulator that has a high degree of freedom in operation and can be easily operated (see, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2008-104854).
 日本国特開2008-104854号公報記載のマニピュレータは、先端動作部を有する作業部と、モータやハンドルを有する操作部(基部)とを着脱可能に構成している。これにより、はさみやグリッパ等の各種の先端動作部を設けた所定の作業部を操作部に対して交換することにより、手技に応じた各種の先端動作部を持つマニピュレータを容易に構成することができる。このマニピュレータでは、操作部と作業部との装着時、駆動軸と従動軸の先端にそれぞれ形成された十字状の凸部と凹部とが係合し、これにより、モータの回転駆動力を駆動部から作業部へと伝達し、先端動作部を動作させることができる。A manipulator described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2008-104854 is configured such that a working part having a tip operating part and an operation part (base part) having a motor and a handle are detachable. This makes it possible to easily configure a manipulator having various tip operation parts according to the procedure by exchanging a predetermined working part provided with various tip action parts such as scissors and grippers with respect to the operation part. it can. In this manipulator, when the operating portion and the working portion are mounted, the cross-shaped convex portion and the concave portion formed at the tip of the driving shaft and the driven shaft are engaged with each other, and thereby the rotational driving force of the motor is transmitted to the driving portion. Can be transmitted to the working unit to operate the tip working unit.
 ところで、先端動作部として、例えばグリッパを用いた場合、その開閉動作をトリガレバー等の操作によって機械的に動作可能に構成すると、モータ等の電動機構によって開閉動作させる場合に比べて、より直感的な操作が可能になる。By the way, when a gripper, for example, is used as the tip operating portion, if the opening / closing operation is configured to be mechanically operable by an operation of a trigger lever or the like, it is more intuitive than the case of opening / closing by an electric mechanism such as a motor. Operation becomes possible.
 ところが、上記従来構成では、入力部であるトリガレバーを基部側に備えており、しかも基部と作業部とを着脱可能に構成している。このため、トリガレバーの操作を先端動作部側へと機械的に伝達する機構を適用する場合には、機械的な伝達機構についても途中で着脱可能な構成にする必要があり、その構成が複雑になる可能性が高い。However, in the above conventional configuration, a trigger lever as an input unit is provided on the base side, and the base and the working unit are configured to be detachable. For this reason, when a mechanism that mechanically transmits the operation of the trigger lever to the distal end working unit side is applied, the mechanical transmission mechanism must also be configured to be detachable in the middle, and the configuration is complicated. Is likely to be.
 本発明はこのような従来技術に関連してなされたものであり、人手によって把持されるハンドルを有する基部と、該基部に対して着脱可能な作業部とを有する構成でありながら、入力部の操作を機械的に先端動作部へと伝達する機構を簡便に構成可能な医療用マニピュレータを提供することを目的とする。The present invention has been made in connection with such a conventional technique, and includes a base portion having a handle that is gripped by a human hand and a working portion that can be attached to and detached from the base portion. An object of the present invention is to provide a medical manipulator capable of simply configuring a mechanism for mechanically transmitting an operation to a distal end working unit.
 本発明に係る医療用マニピュレータは、人手によって把持されるハンドルを有する基部と、前記基部に対して着脱可能な作業部とを備え、前記作業部は、人手によって操作される作業部側入力部と、該作業部側入力部の操作によって動作する先端動作部と、該先端動作部を先端に設けたシャフトと、該シャフト内を挿通して前記作業部側入力部への入力操作を前記先端動作部へと機械的に伝達する操作伝達部とを有することを特徴とする。A medical manipulator according to the present invention includes a base portion having a handle that is gripped by a hand, and a working portion that can be attached to and detached from the base portion. The working portion includes a working portion side input portion that is manually operated. A tip operating unit that operates by operating the working unit side input unit, a shaft provided with the tip operating unit at the tip, and an input operation to the working unit side input unit through the shaft. And an operation transmission unit that mechanically transmits the unit.
 このような構成によれば、人手によって把持されるハンドルを有する基部と、該基部に対して着脱可能な作業部とを有する場合に、先端動作部を機械的に駆動する作業部側入力部及び操作伝達部を全て作業部側に設ける。これにより、着脱構造を採用した場合には比較的複雑な構造になり易い機械的な駆動部である操作伝達部等に、操作部と作業部との着脱構造に対応する着脱構造を設ける必要がない。従って、基部と作業部との着脱構造を一層簡便に構成することができる。According to such a configuration, when having a base portion having a handle that is gripped by a human hand and a working portion that can be attached to and detached from the base portion, a working portion side input portion that mechanically drives the distal end working portion, and All operation transmission units are provided on the working unit side. As a result, when an attachment / detachment structure is adopted, it is necessary to provide an attachment / detachment structure corresponding to the attachment / detachment structure between the operation unit and the working unit in the operation transmission unit, which is a mechanical drive unit that tends to have a relatively complicated structure. Absent. Therefore, the attachment / detachment structure between the base portion and the working portion can be configured more simply.
 前記作業部側入力部は、トリガレバーであり、前記操作伝達部は、前記トリガレバーが回動操作されることにより、前記シャフトの軸線方向に進退する棒状又は線状の伝達部材を含むように構成することが可能である。そうすると、前記伝達部材に着脱構造を設ける必要がないため、当該医療用マニピュレータの構造が簡便となる。The working unit side input unit is a trigger lever, and the operation transmission unit includes a rod-shaped or linear transmission member that moves forward and backward in the axial direction of the shaft when the trigger lever is rotated. It is possible to configure. If it does so, since it is not necessary to provide a detachable structure in the said transmission member, the structure of the said medical manipulator becomes simple.
 この場合、前記トリガレバーの位置を固定可能なラッチ機構を設けると、先端動作部の動作状態、例えば開閉機構における閉状態を維持することが可能となり、当該医療用マニピュレータの取り扱い性が向上する。In this case, if a latch mechanism capable of fixing the position of the trigger lever is provided, it is possible to maintain the operating state of the distal end working unit, for example, the closed state of the opening / closing mechanism, and the handling of the medical manipulator is improved.
 前記ラッチ機構は、爪部と、該爪部が係合可能な係合部とを有すると、簡便な構造でラッチ機構を構成することができる。When the latch mechanism has a claw portion and an engagement portion with which the claw portion can be engaged, the latch mechanism can be configured with a simple structure.
 前記ラッチ機構での前記爪部と前記係合部との係合状態を解除する解除部を備えると、ラッチ状態の解除を容易に行うことが可能となる。If a release portion for releasing the engagement state between the claw portion and the engagement portion in the latch mechanism is provided, the latch state can be easily released.
 前記爪部又は前記係合部が前記トリガレバーに設けられており、且つ弾性的に揺動可能に支持されると共に、前記トリガレバーには、前記弾性的に揺動可能に支持された前記爪部又は前記係合部の係合方向への揺動を所定位置で規制するストッパ部材が設けられていると、ラッチ機構による爪部と係合部との係合状態が所定の状態で維持されるため、仮にラッチ状態のままで基部と作業部とを分離した場合であっても、爪部と係合部との係合状態が強固に維持されることがなく、これら爪部や係合部に過度の負荷がかかることを有効に回避することができる。The claw part or the engaging part is provided on the trigger lever and is elastically swingably supported, and the trigger lever is supported by the elastically swingable claw. If the stopper member for restricting the swinging of the engagement portion or the engagement portion in the engagement direction at a predetermined position is provided, the engagement state between the claw portion and the engagement portion by the latch mechanism is maintained in the predetermined state. Therefore, even if the base portion and the working portion are separated in the latched state, the engagement state between the claw portion and the engagement portion is not firmly maintained, and the claw portion and the engagement portion are not maintained. It is possible to effectively avoid an excessive load on the part.
 前記ラッチ機構は、前記作業部に設けられた構成とすることもできる。そうすると、ラッチ状態のままであっても容易に基部と作業部とを着脱することができる。The latch mechanism may be provided in the working unit. If it does so, even if it is a latched state, a base part and a working part can be attached or detached easily.
 前記爪部及び前記係合部は、一方が前記トリガレバーに設けられ、他方が前記ハンドルに設けられていてもよい。One of the claw portion and the engaging portion may be provided on the trigger lever, and the other may be provided on the handle.
 前記基部は、アクチュエータによって回転される駆動軸と、前記アクチュエータを駆動させる基部側入力部を有し、前記作業部は、前記駆動軸によって従動回転されて前記先端動作部に前記作業部側入力部による入力操作とは異なる動作を付与する従動軸と、該従動軸の回転を前記先端動作部へと伝達する可撓性部材とを有してもよい。この場合、基部側の駆動軸の回転を作業部側の従動軸に伝達する構造が必要となるが、そのような構造は上記の機械的な構造に比べて着脱構造を採用することが比較的容易であることから、当該医療用マニピュレータの構造を十分に簡素なものとしつつ、先端動作部に一層多様な動作を付与することが可能となる。The base includes a drive shaft that is rotated by an actuator and a base side input unit that drives the actuator, and the working unit is driven to rotate by the drive shaft and is moved to the distal end working unit by the work unit side input unit. There may be provided a driven shaft that imparts an operation different from the input operation according to, and a flexible member that transmits the rotation of the driven shaft to the distal end working unit. In this case, a structure for transmitting the rotation of the drive shaft on the base side to the driven shaft on the working unit side is required, but such a structure is relatively easy to adopt a detachable structure compared to the mechanical structure described above. Since it is easy, it becomes possible to give various operation | movement to a front-end | tip operation | movement part, making the structure of the said medical manipulator simple enough.
 前記駆動軸及び前記従動軸には、一方の先端に係合凸部が設けられ、他方の先端に前記係合凸部に係合可能な係合凹部が設けられ、前記係合凸部及び前記係合凹部は、前記基部及び前記作業部が装着された状態で互いに係合して、前記駆動軸の回転を前記従動軸に伝達可能であると、基部と作業部との着脱構造を簡便にすることができるため好ましい。The drive shaft and the driven shaft are each provided with an engaging convex portion at one tip, and an engaging concave portion that can be engaged with the engaging convex portion at the other tip. When the engaging recess engages with each other in a state where the base and the working part are mounted and the rotation of the drive shaft can be transmitted to the driven shaft, the attachment / detachment structure between the base and the working part can be simplified. It is preferable because
本実施形態に係るマニピュレータの斜視図である。It is a perspective view of the manipulator concerning this embodiment.操作部の一部省略斜視図である。FIG. 6 is a partially omitted perspective view of an operation unit.作業部の一部省略斜視図である。It is a partially-omission perspective view of a working part.複合入力部及びその周辺部の一部省略斜視図である。FIG. 5 is a partially omitted perspective view of a composite input unit and its peripheral part.複合入力部の正面図である。It is a front view of a composite input part.操作部及び作業部の一部省略分解側面図である。It is a partially omitted exploded side view of the operation unit and the working unit.操作部及び作業部が装着された状態での駆動部及びその周辺部の一部省略斜視図である。FIG. 5 is a partially omitted perspective view of the drive unit and its peripheral part in a state where the operation unit and the working unit are mounted.操作部及び作業部が装着された状態での駆動部及びその周辺部の一部省略平面図である。FIG. 6 is a partially omitted plan view of the drive unit and its peripheral part in a state where the operation unit and the working unit are mounted.駆動部及びその周辺部の一部省略断面側面図である。FIG. 3 is a partially omitted cross-sectional side view of a drive unit and its peripheral part.駆動部及びその周辺部の一部省略断面正面図である。FIG. 4 is a partially omitted cross-sectional front view of a drive unit and its peripheral part.作業部の一部省略平面図である。It is a partially omitted plan view of a working unit.図11中のXII-XII線に沿う一部省略断面側面図である。FIG. 12 is a partially omitted cross-sectional side view taken along line XII-XII in FIG. 11.プーリボックスの断面斜視図である。It is a cross-sectional perspective view of a pulley box.図14Aは、プーリの許容回転範囲を説明するための一部省略底面図であり、図14Bは、図14Aに示す状態からプーリを回転させた状態を示す一部省略底面図である。14A is a partially omitted bottom view for explaining the allowable rotation range of the pulley, and FIG. 14B is a partially omitted bottom view showing a state in which the pulley is rotated from the state shown in FIG. 14A.図15Aは、操作部及び作業部が分離された状態での洗浄液注入ポート及びキャップの変形例を示す一部省略側面図であり、図15Bは、図15Aに示す状態から操作部及び作業部を装着した状態を示す一部省略側面図である。15A is a partially omitted side view showing a modified example of the cleaning liquid injection port and the cap in a state where the operation unit and the working unit are separated, and FIG. 15B shows the operation unit and the working unit from the state shown in FIG. 15A. It is a partially omitted side view showing a mounted state.図12中のXVI-XVI線に沿う断面図である。FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view taken along line XVI-XVI in FIG. 12.トリガレバーの一部省略断面斜視図である。It is a partially omitted cross-sectional perspective view of the trigger lever.図18Aは、トリガレバーの一部省略断面側面図であり、図18Bは、図18Aに示す状態からレバーを操作した状態での一部省略断面側面図である。18A is a partially omitted sectional side view of the trigger lever, and FIG. 18B is a partially omitted sectional side view in a state where the lever is operated from the state shown in FIG. 18A.トリガレバー取付部及びその周辺部の一部省略断面側面図である。It is a partial omission cross-sectional side view of a trigger lever attaching part and its peripheral part.カメラによるバーコードの撮像方向を説明するための一部省略側面図である。It is a partially omitted side view for explaining the imaging direction of the barcode by the camera.カメラによるバーコードの撮像方向の変形例を示す一部省略側面図である。It is a partially omitted side view showing a modification of the imaging direction of a barcode by a camera.図22Aは、操作部の一部省略底面図であり、図22Bは、作業部の一部省略平面図である。22A is a partially omitted bottom view of the operation unit, and FIG. 22B is a partially omitted plan view of the working unit.プーリの許容回転範囲を規制する構造の変形例を示す一部省略平面図である。FIG. 10 is a partially omitted plan view showing a modified example of a structure for restricting an allowable rotation range of a pulley.図24Aは、係合凸部及び係合凹部が係合不能な位相にある状態を示す説明図であり、図24Bは、係合凸部及び係合凹部が係合した状態を示す説明図である。FIG. 24A is an explanatory diagram illustrating a state in which the engaging convex portion and the engaging concave portion are in a phase in which engagement is not possible, and FIG. 24B is an explanatory diagram illustrating a state in which the engaging convex portion and the engaging concave portion are engaged. is there.図25Aは、操作部及び作業部が装着され、係合凸部及び係合凹部が係合していない状態を示す一部省略断面側面図であり、図25Bは、図25Aに示す状態から係合凸部及び係合凹部が係合した状態を示す一部省略断面側面図である。FIG. 25A is a partially omitted cross-sectional side view showing a state in which the operation portion and the working portion are mounted and the engagement convex portion and the engagement concave portion are not engaged, and FIG. 25B is a diagram from the state shown in FIG. 25A. It is a partially-omitted cross-sectional side view which shows the state which the joint convex part and the engagement recessed part engaged.図26Aは、係合凸部及び係合凹部の初期位相の第1例を示す説明図であり、図26Bは、係合凸部及び係合凹部の初期位相の第2例を示す説明図であり、図26Cは、係合凸部及び係合凹部の初期位相の第3例を示す説明図であり、図26Dは、係合凸部及び係合凹部の初期位相の第4例を示す説明図である。FIG. 26A is an explanatory diagram illustrating a first example of the initial phase of the engaging convex portion and the engaging concave portion, and FIG. 26B is an explanatory diagram illustrating a second example of the initial phase of the engaging convex portion and the engaging concave portion. FIG. 26C is an explanatory diagram showing a third example of the initial phase of the engaging convex portion and the engaging concave portion, and FIG. 26D is an explanatory diagram showing a fourth example of the initial phase of the engaging convex portion and the engaging concave portion. FIG.図27Aは、図26Aに示す第1例の動作パターンでの初期位相での状態を示す説明図であり、図27Bは、図27Aに示す状態から係合凸部が回転された状態を示す説明図であり、図27Cは、図27Bに示す状態から係合凸部と係合凹部とが係合した状態を示す説明図であり、図27Dは、係合凸部及び係合凹部が係合してモータが原点に設定された状態を示す説明図である。27A is an explanatory diagram illustrating a state in an initial phase in the operation pattern of the first example illustrated in FIG. 26A, and FIG. 27B is an explanatory diagram illustrating a state in which the engaging convex portion is rotated from the state illustrated in FIG. 27A. FIG. 27C is an explanatory view showing a state in which the engaging convex portion and the engaging concave portion are engaged from the state shown in FIG. 27B, and FIG. 27D is an illustration in which the engaging convex portion and the engaging concave portion are engaged. It is explanatory drawing which shows the state by which the motor was set to the origin.図28Aは、図26Bに示す第2例の動作パターンでの初期位相での状態を示す説明図であり、図28Bは、図28Aに示す状態からモータが回転された状態を示す説明図であり、図28Cは、図28Bに示す状態からモータが原点をオーバーランした状態を示す説明図であり、図28Dは、モータが原点に設定された状態を示す説明図である。28A is an explanatory diagram illustrating a state in an initial phase in the operation pattern of the second example illustrated in FIG. 26B, and FIG. 28B is an explanatory diagram illustrating a state in which the motor is rotated from the state illustrated in FIG. 28A. 28C is an explanatory view showing a state where the motor has overrun the origin from the state shown in FIG. 28B, and FIG. 28D is an explanatory view showing a state where the motor is set to the origin.図29Aは、図26Cに示す第3例の動作パターンでの初期位相での状態を示す説明図であり、図29Bは、図29Aに示す状態から係合凸部が回転されて係合凹部と係合した状態を示す説明図であり、図29Cは、図29Bに示す状態からモータが原点をオーバーランした後、原点に設定された状態を示す説明図である。FIG. 29A is an explanatory diagram showing a state in an initial phase in the operation pattern of the third example shown in FIG. 26C, and FIG. 29B shows that the engaging convex portion is rotated from the state shown in FIG. FIG. 29C is an explanatory diagram illustrating a state in which the motor is overrun from the state illustrated in FIG. 29B and then set to the origin.図30Aは、図26Dに示す第4例の動作パターンでの初期位相での状態を示す説明図であり、図30Bは、図30Aに示す状態から係合凸部を回転させた状態を示す説明図であり、図30Cは、図30Bに示す状態から係合凸部及び係合凹部が係合した後、モータを原点に設定する状態を示す説明図である。FIG. 30A is an explanatory diagram illustrating a state in an initial phase in the operation pattern of the fourth example illustrated in FIG. 26D, and FIG. 30B is an explanatory diagram illustrating a state in which the engagement convex portion is rotated from the state illustrated in FIG. 30A. FIG. 30C is an explanatory diagram illustrating a state in which the motor is set to the origin after the engagement convex portion and the engagement concave portion are engaged from the state illustrated in FIG. 30B.図31Aは、係合凸部及び係合凹部の係合位相を180°位相の形状に構成した場合の構成例を示す説明図であり、図31Bは、図31Aに示す状態から係合凸部と係合凹部を係合させた状態を示す説明図である。FIG. 31A is an explanatory view showing a configuration example when the engaging phase of the engaging convex portion and the engaging concave portion is configured in a 180 ° phase shape, and FIG. 31B shows the engaging convex portion from the state shown in FIG. 31A. It is explanatory drawing which shows the state which engaged the engagement recessed part.図32Aは、係合凸部及び係合凹部の係合位相を180°位相の形状に構成した場合の他の構成例を示す説明図であり、図32Bは、図32Aに示す状態から係合凸部と係合凹部を係合させた状態を示す説明図である。FIG. 32A is an explanatory view showing another configuration example when the engaging phase of the engaging convex portion and the engaging concave portion is configured in a 180 ° phase shape, and FIG. 32B is engaged from the state shown in FIG. 32A. It is explanatory drawing which shows the state which made the convex part and the engagement recessed part engage.図33Aは、係合凸部及び係合凹部の係合位相を120°位相の形状に構成した場合の構成例を示す説明図であり、図33Bは、図33Aに示す状態から係合凸部と係合凹部を係合させた状態を示す説明図である。FIG. 33A is an explanatory diagram showing a configuration example when the engaging phase of the engaging convex portion and the engaging concave portion is configured in a 120 ° phase shape, and FIG. 33B shows the engaging convex portion from the state shown in FIG. 33A. It is explanatory drawing which shows the state which engaged the engagement recessed part.図34Aは、係合凸部及び係合凹部の係合位相を120°位相の形状に構成した場合の他の構成例を示す説明図であり、図34Bは、図34Aに示す状態から係合凸部と係合凹部を係合させた状態を示す説明図である。FIG. 34A is an explanatory view showing another configuration example when the engaging phase of the engaging convex portion and the engaging concave portion is configured in a 120 ° phase shape, and FIG. 34B is engaged from the state shown in FIG. 34A. It is explanatory drawing which shows the state which made the convex part and the engagement recessed part engage.原点検出センサのセンサドグである検出片の変形例を示す平面図である。It is a top view which shows the modification of the detection piece which is a sensor dog of an origin detection sensor.原点検出センサのセンサドグである検出片の他の変形例を示す平面図である。It is a top view which shows the other modification of the detection piece which is a sensor dog of an origin detection sensor.本実施形態に係るマニピュレータの動作の一例を示すフローチャートである。It is a flowchart which shows an example of operation | movement of the manipulator which concerns on this embodiment.トリガレバーの変形例の第1例を示す一部省略断面側面図である。It is a partially omitted cross-sectional side view showing a first example of a modified example of the trigger lever.図38に示すトリガレバーを引ききった状態を示す一部省略断面側面図である。FIG. 39 is a partially omitted cross-sectional side view illustrating a state where the trigger lever illustrated in FIG. 38 is fully pulled.図38に示すトリガレバーがラッチされた状態を示す一部省略断面側面図である。FIG. 39 is a partially omitted cross-sectional side view showing a state in which the trigger lever shown in FIG. 38 is latched.トリガレバーの変形例の第2例を示す一部省略断面側面図である。It is a partially-omitted cross-sectional side view which shows the 2nd example of the modification of a trigger lever.図41に示すトリガレバーがラッチされた状態を示す一部省略断面側面図である。FIG. 42 is a partially omitted cross-sectional side view showing a state in which the trigger lever shown in FIG. 41 is latched.図43Aは、トリガレバーの変形例の第3例を示す一部省略断面側面図であり、図43Bは、図43Aに示すトリガレバーのアンロック状態を示す一部省略断面側面図である。43A is a partially omitted cross-sectional side view showing a third example of a modification of the trigger lever, and FIG. 43B is a partially omitted cross-sectional side view showing the unlocked state of the trigger lever shown in FIG. 43A.図43Aに示すトリガレバーがラッチされた状態を示す一部省略断面側面図である。FIG. 43B is a partially omitted cross-sectional side view showing a state in which the trigger lever shown in FIG. 43A is latched.図45Aは、トリガレバーの変形例の第4例を示す一部省略断面側面図であり、図45Bは、図45Aに示すトリガレバーのアンロック状態を示す一部省略断面側面図である。FIG. 45A is a partially omitted sectional side view showing a fourth example of a modified example of the trigger lever, and FIG. 45B is a partially omitted sectional side view showing an unlocked state of the trigger lever shown in FIG. 45A.図45Aに示すトリガレバーがラッチされた状態を示す一部省略断面側面図である。FIG. 45B is a partially omitted cross-sectional side view showing a state in which the trigger lever shown in FIG. 45A is latched.図47Aは、トリガレバーの変形例の第5例を示す一部省略断面側面図であり、図47Bは、図47Aに示すトリガレバーのアンロック状態を示す一部省略断面側面図である。47A is a partially omitted sectional side view showing a fifth example of a modification of the trigger lever, and FIG. 47B is a partially omitted sectional side view showing the unlocked state of the trigger lever shown in FIG. 47A.図48Aは、トリガレバーの変形例の第6例を示す一部省略断面側面図であり、図48Bは、図48Aに示すトリガレバーのアンロック状態を示す一部省略断面側面図である。48A is a partially omitted sectional side view showing a sixth example of a modification of the trigger lever, and FIG. 48B is a partially omitted sectional side view showing the unlocked state of the trigger lever shown in FIG. 48A.図47Aは、トリガレバーの変形例の第7例を示す一部省略斜視図である。FIG. 47A is a partially omitted perspective view showing a seventh example of the modification of the trigger lever.図50Aは、原点サーチ動作の他の方法における係合凸部と係合凹部が初期位相での状態を示す説明図であり、図50Bは、図50Aに示す状態からモータを正回転させて当接部を一方のストッパに当接させた状態を示す説明図であり、図50Cは、図50Bに示す状態からモータを逆回転させて当接部を他方のストッパに当接させた状態を示す説明図であり、図50Dは、図50Cに示す状態からモータを原点に設定した状態を示す説明図である。FIG. 50A is an explanatory diagram showing a state in which the engaging convex portion and the engaging concave portion are in an initial phase in another method of the origin search operation, and FIG. 50B is a diagram showing a state where the motor is rotated forward from the state shown in FIG. FIG. 50C is a diagram illustrating a state in which the contact portion is in contact with one stopper, and FIG. 50C illustrates a state in which the motor is reversely rotated from the state illustrated in FIG. 50B and the contact portion is in contact with the other stopper. FIG. 50D is an explanatory diagram illustrating a state in which the motor is set as the origin from the state illustrated in FIG. 50C.トリガレバーを十分に引いたときの、先端動作部の模式側面図である。It is a model side view of a front-end | tip operation | movement part when fully pulling a trigger lever.トリガレバーを押し出したときの、先端動作部の模式側面図である。It is a model side view of a front-end | tip operation | movement part when a trigger lever is pushed out.先端動作部の模式構造図である。It is a schematic structure figure of a tip operation part.先端動作部の断面側面図である。It is a section side view of a tip operation part.先端動作部の断面平面図である。It is a section top view of a tip operation part.先端動作部で、グリッパを閉じた状態の断面側面図である。It is a section side view in the state where the gripper was closed in the tip operation part.先端動作部の分解斜視図である。It is a disassembled perspective view of a front-end | tip operation | movement part.エンドエフェクタ駆動機構の一部を示す模式構造図である。It is a schematic structure figure which shows a part of end effector drive mechanism.トリガレバーを操作しないときの、エンドエフェクタ駆動機構の模式側面図である。It is a model side view of an end effector drive mechanism when not operating a trigger lever.受動ワイヤの端部の接続箇所の模式断面平面図である。It is a schematic cross-sectional top view of the connection location of the edge part of a passive wire.受動ワイヤの端部の接続箇所の模式断面側面図である。It is a schematic cross section side view of the connection location of the edge part of a passive wire.トリガレバーを押し出したときの、第2エンドエフェクタ駆動機構の一部断面平面図である。It is a partial cross section top view of the 2nd end effector drive mechanism when a trigger lever is pushed out.トリガレバーを十分に引いたときの、第2エンドエフェクタ駆動機構の一部断面平面図である。It is a partial cross section top view of the 2nd end effector drive mechanism when fully pulling a trigger lever.トリガレバーを押し出したときの、第2エンドエフェクタ駆動機構の一部断面側面図である。It is a partial cross section side view of the 2nd end effector drive mechanism when a trigger lever is pushed out.変形例に係る先端動作部の模式構造図である。It is a schematic structure figure of the tip operation part concerning a modification.作業部が着脱可能な基部をロボットアームの先端に接続した手術用ロボットシステムの概略斜視図である。FIG. 3 is a schematic perspective view of a surgical robot system in which a base part to which a working part can be attached and detached is connected to a tip of a robot arm.
 以下、本発明に係る医療用マニピュレータについて好適な実施の形態を挙げ、添付の図面を参照して詳細に説明する。Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the medical manipulator according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
 図1に示すように、本実施の形態に係るマニピュレータ(医療用マニピュレータ)10は、連結シャフト18の先端に設けられた先端動作部12に生体の一部又は湾曲針等を把持して所定の処置を行うための医療用の器具であり、通常、把持鉗子やニードルドライバ(持針器)等とも呼ばれる。As shown in FIG. 1, the manipulator (medical manipulator) 10 according to the present embodiment grips a predetermined part of a living body or a curved needle or the like on a distalend working unit 12 provided at the distal end of a connectingshaft 18. It is a medical instrument for performing treatment, and is usually called a grasping forceps or a needle driver (needle holder).
 以下の説明では、図1における幅方向をX方向、高さ方向をY方向、連結シャフト18の延在方向をZ方向と規定する。また、先端側から見て右方をX1方向、左方をX2方向、上方向をY1方向、下方向をY2方向、前方をZ1方向、後方をZ2方向と規定する。さらに、特に断りのない限り、これらの方向の記載はマニピュレータ10が中立姿勢である場合を基準として表すものとする。これらの方向は説明の便宜上のものであり、マニピュレータ10は任意の向きで(例えば、上下を反転させて)使用可能であることはもちろんである。In the following description, the width direction in FIG. 1 is defined as the X direction, the height direction is defined as the Y direction, and the extending direction of the connectingshaft 18 is defined as the Z direction. Further, when viewed from the front end side, the right side is defined as the X1 direction, the left side as the X2 direction, the upward direction as the Y1 direction, the downward direction as the Y2 direction, the forward direction as the Z1 direction, and the backward direction as the Z2 direction. Further, unless otherwise specified, the description of these directions is based on the case where themanipulator 10 is in a neutral posture. These directions are for convenience of explanation, and it is needless to say that themanipulator 10 can be used in any direction (for example, upside down).
 マニピュレータ10は、人手によって把持及び操作される操作部(基部)14と、該操作部14に対して着脱自在な作業部16とを備え、コネクタ520を介して操作部14に着脱自在なコントローラ514を有するマニピュレータシステムとして構成されている。操作部14には、作業部16側を電動的に駆動する駆動部(アクチュエータ部)30が設けられている。なお、分離した状態の操作部14は図2に、分離した状態の作業部16は図3に示されている。Themanipulator 10 includes an operation unit (base unit) 14 that is manually held and operated, and awork unit 16 that is detachable from theoperation unit 14, and acontroller 514 that is detachable from theoperation unit 14 via aconnector 520. It is comprised as a manipulator system which has. Theoperation unit 14 is provided with a drive unit (actuator unit) 30 that electrically drives the workingunit 16 side. The separatedoperation unit 14 is shown in FIG. 2, and the separatedoperation unit 16 is shown in FIG.
 コントローラ514は、マニピュレータ10を総合的に制御する制御部であって、グリップハンドル(ハンドル)26の下端部から延在するケーブル61と前記コネクタ520を介して接続される。コントローラ514の機能の一部又は全部は、例えば操作部14に一体的に搭載することもできる。Thecontroller 514 is a control unit that comprehensively controls themanipulator 10, and is connected to thecable 61 extending from the lower end of the grip handle (handle) 26 via theconnector 520. A part or all of the functions of thecontroller 514 can be integrally mounted on theoperation unit 14, for example.
 コントローラ514は、例えば、第1ポート515a、第2ポート515b及び第3ポート515cを備えており、マニピュレータ10を独立的に3台同時に制御することができる。図1中の参照符号516は、コントローラ514の電源スイッチである。Thecontroller 514 includes, for example, afirst port 515a, asecond port 515b, and athird port 515c, and can control threemanipulators 10 independently at the same time.Reference numeral 516 in FIG. 1 is a power switch of thecontroller 514.
 コントローラ514には、LAN等の通信手段を介して使用履歴管理手段であるホストコンピュータ502を接続することができる。ホストコンピュータ502は、内部の図示しない記録手段に使用履歴テーブルを記録しており、コントローラ514又は前記LANにより接続された複数台のコントローラに対して要求された個体番号に応じた使用履歴データを送受信し、管理する。ホストコンピュータ502は、コントローラ514から独立的な構成に限らず、コントローラ514内にその機能を設けてもよい。Thecontroller 514 can be connected to ahost computer 502 which is a usage history management unit via a communication unit such as a LAN. Thehost computer 502 records a usage history table in an internal recording means (not shown), and transmits / receives usage history data corresponding to the requested individual number to thecontroller 514 or a plurality of controllers connected by the LAN. And manage. Thehost computer 502 is not limited to a configuration independent of thecontroller 514, and the function may be provided in thecontroller 514.
 このようなマニピュレータ10及びこれを含むシステムは、選択的に種々の構成を採用可能であり、例えば、作業部16は先端動作部12としてグリッパやはさみ等、各種のエンドエフェクタを適用し、所望の動作を行うことができる。Such amanipulator 10 and a system including themanipulator 10 can selectively adopt various configurations. For example, the workingunit 16 applies various end effectors such as a gripper and scissors as the distalend working unit 12 to obtain a desired configuration. The action can be performed.
 図1及び図2に示すように、操作部14は、Z1方向及びY2方向に延びた略L字状に構成されると共に、Z方向に略対称に分割された一対の上部カバー25a、25b(以下、まとめて「上部カバー25」ともいう)を筐体として、その内部に、駆動部30やカメラ224(図6参照)等が収納されると共に、基端側でY2方向に延びた部分が人手によって把持されるグリップハンドル26として構成されている。上部カバー25は、例えば樹脂性材料によって形成され、分割できない一体構成としてもよい。As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, theoperation unit 14 is configured in a substantially L shape extending in the Z1 direction and the Y2 direction, and a pair ofupper covers 25a and 25b (substantially divided in the Z direction). Hereinafter, thedrive unit 30 and the camera 224 (see FIG. 6) and the like are housed in the housing, and the portion extending in the Y2 direction on the base end side is also referred to as the “upper cover 25”. The grip handle 26 is configured to be gripped by a hand. The upper cover 25 may be formed of a resinous material, for example, and may have an integral configuration that cannot be divided.
 グリップハンドル26は、人手によって把持されるのに適した長さであり、上部の傾斜面26aに複合入力部24を有する。グリップハンドル26は、上部カバー25の屈曲部に形成された傾斜面26aから略Y2方向に向かって延在しており、詳細には連結シャフト18の軸を基準として75°(度)程度の角度に延在している。このような角度にすることにより、マニピュレータ10の全体を動かす際の操作性が高まるとともに、複合入力部24の操作性が高まることが確かめられている。The grip handle 26 has a length suitable for being manually gripped, and has thecomposite input portion 24 on the upperinclined surface 26a. The grip handle 26 extends in an approximately Y2 direction from aninclined surface 26a formed in a bent portion of the upper cover 25. Specifically, the grip handle 26 has an angle of about 75 ° (degrees) with respect to the axis of the connectingshaft 18. It extends to. By making such an angle, it has been confirmed that the operability when moving theentire manipulator 10 is enhanced and the operability of thecomposite input unit 24 is enhanced.
 図1に示すように、操作部14のY1方向頂部近傍には、上部カバー25から露出してマスタスイッチ(メインスイッチ)34が設けられ、マスタスイッチ34のZ1方向で視認し易い箇所にLED29が設けられている。As shown in FIG. 1, a master switch (main switch) 34 is provided in the vicinity of the top of theoperation unit 14 in the Y1 direction so as to be exposed from the upper cover 25. Is provided.
 作業部16は、作業を行う先端動作部12と、該先端動作部12を先端に設けた長尺で中空の連結シャフト(シャフト)18と、該連結シャフト18の基端側が固定される下部ブラケット32と、下部ブラケット32のZ2方向端に軸支されたトリガレバー36とを有する。作業部16は、Z方向で略対称に分割された一対の下部カバー37a、37b(以下、まとめて「下部カバー37」ともいう)を筐体として、その内部に下部ブラケット32を収納している。下部カバー37は、例えば樹脂性材料によって形成され、分割できない一体構成としてもよい。The workingunit 16 includes a distalend working unit 12 for performing work, a long and hollow connecting shaft (shaft) 18 provided with the distalend working unit 12 at the tip, and a lower bracket to which the proximal end side of the connectingshaft 18 is fixed. 32 and atrigger lever 36 pivotally supported at the end of thelower bracket 32 in the Z2 direction. The workingunit 16 has a pair oflower covers 37a and 37b (hereinafter, collectively referred to as “lower cover 37”) divided substantially symmetrically in the Z direction as a housing, and houses thelower bracket 32 therein. . The lower cover 37 may be formed of a resinous material, for example, and may have an integral configuration that cannot be divided.
 このような作業部16は、操作部14(駆動部30)に設けられた左右一対の着脱レバー400、400によって当該操作部14に固定されると共に、着脱レバー400の開放操作によって操作部14から分離可能であり、特別な器具を用いることなく、手術現場で容易に交換作業等を行うことができる。下部ブラケット32の上面(Y1面)には、該下部ブラケット32を再使用するために、その内部空間を洗浄する際に使用する洗浄液注入ポート39が設けられている。Such a workingunit 16 is fixed to theoperation unit 14 by a pair of left and right attachment / detachment levers 400 and 400 provided in the operation unit 14 (drive unit 30), and from theoperation unit 14 by an opening operation of the attachment /detachment lever 400. It is separable and can be easily replaced at the surgical site without using a special instrument. The upper surface (Y1 surface) of thelower bracket 32 is provided with a cleaningliquid injection port 39 used for cleaning the internal space in order to reuse thelower bracket 32.
 図1に示すように、先端動作部12及び連結シャフト18は細径に構成されており、患者の腹部等に設けられた円筒形状のトラカール20から体腔22内に挿入可能であり、複合入力部(基部側入力部)24及びトリガレバー(作業部側入力部)36の操作により体腔22内において患部切除、把持、縫合及び結紮等の様々な手技を行うことができる。As shown in FIG. 1, the distalend working unit 12 and the connectingshaft 18 are configured to have a small diameter, and can be inserted into abody cavity 22 from acylindrical trocar 20 provided in a patient's abdomen or the like. By operating the (base side input unit) 24 and the trigger lever (working unit side input unit) 36, various procedures such as excision of the affected part, grasping, suturing and ligation can be performed in thebody cavity 22.
 複合入力部24及びトリガレバー36の操作に基づいて動作する先端動作部12は、3軸の動作が可能である。すなわち、Y軸を基準に傾動するヨー軸動作、先端を指向する軸(中立姿勢時にはZ軸)を基準に回転するロール軸動作、及び、開閉可能なグリッパ軸動作である。本実施形態の場合、ヨー軸及びロール軸は、複合入力部24の操作に基づいて電気的に駆動され、グリッパ軸はトリガレバー36の操作に基づいて機械的に駆動される。ここで機械的とは、ワイヤ、チェーン、タイミングベルト、リンク、ロッド、ギア等を介して駆動する方式であり、主に、動力伝達方向に非弾性な固体の機械部品を介して駆動する方式である。ワイヤやチェーン等は、張力により不可避的な多少の伸びが発生する場合があるが、これらは非弾性な固体の機械部品とする。後述する荷重リミッタ212(図19参照)は、通常操作時にはほとんど弾性変形がなく、実質的に非弾性部品である。Thetip operation unit 12 that operates based on the operation of thecomposite input unit 24 and thetrigger lever 36 can be operated in three axes. That is, a yaw axis operation that tilts with respect to the Y axis, a roll axis operation that rotates with respect to an axis pointing at the tip (Z axis in the neutral posture), and a gripper axis operation that can be opened and closed. In the case of this embodiment, the yaw axis and the roll axis are electrically driven based on the operation of thecomposite input unit 24, and the gripper axis is mechanically driven based on the operation of thetrigger lever 36. Here, mechanical is a method of driving through wires, chains, timing belts, links, rods, gears, etc., and is mainly a method of driving through solid mechanical parts that are inelastic in the power transmission direction. is there. Wires, chains, and the like may have some inevitable elongation due to tension, but these are inelastic solid mechanical parts. A load limiter 212 (see FIG. 19), which will be described later, is substantially an inelastic part with almost no elastic deformation during normal operation.
 以下、上記のような基本構成からなるマニピュレータ10の各部分について、順に説明する。Hereinafter, each part of themanipulator 10 having the basic configuration as described above will be described in order.
 先ず、操作部14を構成する駆動部30について、上部カバー25等を外した(もしくは透視した)状態の図6~図10を用いて説明する。First, thedrive unit 30 constituting theoperation unit 14 will be described with reference to FIGS. 6 to 10 with the upper cover 25 and the like removed (or seen through).
 図6~図10に示すように、駆動部30は、2つのモータ(アクチュエータ)100、102と、該モータ100、102を支持する上部ブラケット104と、モータ100、102の回転方向を変換して作業部16側に伝達するギア機構部106とを有する。モータ100、102及びギア機構部106は、一方の上部カバー25bの内面に2本のビス103、103(図6参照)で固定された前記上部ブラケット104によって支持されている。As shown in FIGS. 6 to 10, the drivingunit 30 converts two motors (actuators) 100 and 102, anupper bracket 104 that supports themotors 100 and 102, and a rotation direction of themotors 100 and 102. And agear mechanism unit 106 that transmits to the workingunit 16 side. Themotors 100 and 102 and thegear mechanism 106 are supported by theupper bracket 104 fixed to the inner surface of oneupper cover 25b with twoscrews 103 and 103 (see FIG. 6).
 図8に示すように、モータ100、102は、径:長さが1:4程度の円柱形状であり、Z1方向側に設けられた減速機100a、102aと、該減速機100a、102aによって減速される出力軸100b、102b(図9参照)と、Z2方向側に設けられた角度センサ100c、102cとを含む。モータ100、102は、例えばDCモータである。減速機100a、102aは、例えば遊星歯車式であり、減速比は1:100~1:300程度である。角度センサ100c、102cとしては、例えばロータリエンコーダが用いられ、検出した角度信号はコントローラ514に供給される。モータ100とモータ102や、減速機100aと減速機102aは、同一である必要はなく、適宜選定すればよい。As shown in FIG. 8, themotors 100 and 102 have a cylindrical shape with a diameter: length of about 1: 4, and are decelerated by thespeed reducers 100a and 102a provided on the Z1 direction side, and thespeed reducers 100a and 102a.Output shafts 100b and 102b (see FIG. 9) andangle sensors 100c and 102c provided on the Z2 direction side. Themotors 100 and 102 are, for example, DC motors. The reduction gears 100a and 102a are, for example, planetary gear types, and the reduction ratio is about 1: 100 to 1: 300. For example, a rotary encoder is used as theangle sensors 100 c and 102 c, and the detected angle signal is supplied to thecontroller 514. Themotor 100 and themotor 102 or thespeed reducer 100a and thespeed reducer 102a are not necessarily the same, and may be selected as appropriate.
 図8に示すように、モータ100とモータ102は、X方向に対称位置で且つほとんど隙間なく配置されている。モータ100、102のZ2方向端は、グリップハンドル26のZ1方向端と略等しい位置である(図6参照)。図6に示すように、モータ100、102のケーブル100d、102d(角度センサ100c、102cの接続線を含む)は、それぞれZ2方向端側から延在し、グリップハンドル26の中へと引き込まれている。As shown in FIG. 8, themotor 100 and themotor 102 are arranged symmetrically in the X direction with almost no gap. The Z2 direction ends of themotors 100 and 102 are substantially equal to the Z1 direction end of the grip handle 26 (see FIG. 6). As shown in FIG. 6, thecables 100 d and 102 d (including the connection lines of theangle sensors 100 c and 102 c) of themotors 100 and 102 respectively extend from the Z2 direction end side and are pulled into thegrip handle 26. Yes.
 上部ブラケット104は、モータ100、102が固定されるXY平面である第1プレート108と、第1プレート108の上下端からZ1方向に延びた第2プレート110及び第3プレート112と、第1プレート108、第2プレート110及び第3プレート112で囲まれた空間内をX1側及びX2側に仕切る第4プレート114とを有し、切削加工又は溶接加工成型等によって形成されている。第3プレート112のZ1側端には、Y1方向に突出したブロック状のセンサ支持部109が形成されている。平面視(図8参照)で上部ブラケット104の外形を構成する第1プレート108及び第3プレート112の外周面には、これを一周する溝部にOリング105が嵌合されている(図7参照)。Theupper bracket 104 includes afirst plate 108 that is an XY plane to which themotors 100 and 102 are fixed, asecond plate 110 and athird plate 112 that extend in the Z1 direction from the upper and lower ends of thefirst plate 108, and a first plate. 108, and afourth plate 114 that partitions the space surrounded by thesecond plate 110 and thethird plate 112 into the X1 side and the X2 side, and is formed by cutting or welding molding. At the Z1 side end of thethird plate 112, a block-shapedsensor support portion 109 protruding in the Y1 direction is formed. On the outer peripheral surfaces of thefirst plate 108 and thethird plate 112 constituting the outer shape of theupper bracket 104 in a plan view (see FIG. 8), an O-ring 105 is fitted in a groove that makes a round (see FIG. 7). ).
 図9に示すように、第1プレート108は、モータ100、102の外径の1.5倍程度の高さとなっている。第1プレート108には、モータ100、102がそれぞれZ2方向に延在する向きで複数のビス111でX方向に平行して支持されており、その出力軸100b、102bが孔113を通ってZ1方向側へと突出している。As shown in FIG. 9, thefirst plate 108 has a height of about 1.5 times the outer diameter of themotors 100 and 102. Themotors 100 and 102 are supported on thefirst plate 108 in parallel with the X direction by a plurality ofscrews 111 in directions extending in the Z2 direction, and theoutput shafts 100b and 102b pass through theholes 113 and are Z1. Projects to the direction side.
 図7及び図9に示すように、第2プレート110は、第1プレート108の上端からZ1方向に向かって突出している。第3プレート112は、第2プレート110と平行且つZ1方向端の位置が多少突出しており、その突出部分に前記センサ支持部109が設けられている。第4プレート114は、三方が第1プレート108、第2プレート110及び第3プレート112に接続され、X方向に関する中央部分でYZ平面を形成している。この第4プレート114は補強板として作用し、第1プレート108、第2プレート110及び第3プレート112が安定する。第4プレート114のZ1方向且つY1方向の角部はZ1側に突出形成されており、ここに上部ブラケット104を上部カバー25bの内面に固定する前記ビス103の1つが配設される(図6及び図9参照)。7 and 9, thesecond plate 110 protrudes from the upper end of thefirst plate 108 in the Z1 direction. Thethird plate 112 slightly protrudes in parallel with thesecond plate 110 and at the end in the Z1 direction, and thesensor support 109 is provided on the protruding portion. Three sides of thefourth plate 114 are connected to thefirst plate 108, thesecond plate 110, and thethird plate 112, and form a YZ plane at the central portion in the X direction. Thefourth plate 114 acts as a reinforcing plate, and thefirst plate 108, thesecond plate 110, and thethird plate 112 are stabilized. The corners of thefourth plate 114 in the Z1 direction and the Y1 direction are formed to project to the Z1 side, and one of thescrews 103 for fixing theupper bracket 104 to the inner surface of theupper cover 25b is disposed here (FIG. 6). And FIG. 9).
 図10に示すように、センサ支持部109には、各モータ100、102の軸線の延長線上(Z方向)にある一対の孔部300、302と、これらの間にある孔部304とからなる合計3つのY方向の貫通孔がX方向に並んでいる。As shown in FIG. 10, thesensor support 109 includes a pair ofholes 300 and 302 on the extension line (Z direction) of themotors 100 and 102, and ahole 304 located therebetween. A total of three through holes in the Y direction are arranged in the X direction.
 孔部300、302には、それぞれカップリングセンサ306、308のセンサドグ(被検出部材)として機能する検出シャフト(検出軸)310、312が挿通配置されている。孔部304には、着脱センサ314のセンサドグとして機能する検出シャフト(検出軸)316が挿通配置されている。カップリングセンサ306、308及び着脱センサ314は、Y方向が開口した平面視(図8参照)で略U字状であり、U字の内側で検出シャフト310、312、316を検出可能である。カップリングセンサ306、308及び着脱センサ314は、センサ支持部109のZ1面にXY平面に沿って固定されたセンサ基板317に設けられている(図6、図8及び図9参照)。Detection shafts (detection shafts) 310 and 312 that function as sensor dogs (detected members) of thecoupling sensors 306 and 308 are inserted into theholes 300 and 302, respectively. A detection shaft (detection shaft) 316 that functions as a sensor dog of the attachment /detachment sensor 314 is inserted through thehole 304. Thecoupling sensors 306 and 308 and the attachment /detachment sensor 314 are substantially U-shaped in a plan view (see FIG. 8) opened in the Y direction, and can detect thedetection shafts 310, 312, and 316 inside the U-shape. Thecoupling sensors 306 and 308 and the attachment /detachment sensor 314 are provided on asensor substrate 317 fixed to the Z1 surface of thesensor support portion 109 along the XY plane (see FIGS. 6, 8, and 9).
 図10に示すように、着脱センサ314の検出シャフト316は、Y方向に延びてY1側が細い段付きの棒状部材である。検出シャフト316は、高さ方向で略中央の細径部に外嵌されたコイルばね318によってY2方向(下方)に向かって付勢されると共に、Y1方向端近傍に嵌合されたEリング320によって孔部304に対して抜け止めされている。As shown in FIG. 10, thedetection shaft 316 of the attachment /detachment sensor 314 is a stepped rod-like member that extends in the Y direction and has a narrow Y1 side. Thedetection shaft 316 is urged toward the Y2 direction (downward) by acoil spring 318 externally fitted to the small diameter portion at the center in the height direction, and theE ring 320 is fitted near the end in the Y1 direction. Therefore, thehole 304 is prevented from coming off.
 コイルばね318は、孔部304のY1方向端に縮径形成されたフランジ304aに上部が着座し、検出シャフト316の略中央に形成されたフランジ316aに下部が着座して保持されている。フランジ316aは、Oリング320が嵌められる環状溝の一側壁を構成している。The upper part of thecoil spring 318 is seated on aflange 304a having a reduced diameter formed at the end of thehole 304 in the Y1 direction, and the lower part is seated and held on aflange 316a formed substantially at the center of thedetection shaft 316. Theflange 316a constitutes one side wall of an annular groove into which the O-ring 320 is fitted.
 同様に、カップリングセンサ306、308の検出シャフト310、312もY方向に延びてY1側が細い段付きの棒状部材である。検出シャフト310、312は、Y1側の細径部に外嵌されたコイルばね322、324によってY2方向(下方)に向かって付勢されている。検出シャフト310、312のY2方向端(下端)には、フランジ310b、312bが拡径形成されている。フランジ310b、312bは、モータ100、102の出力を受ける駆動シャフト115、116のY2方向端近傍に外嵌された係合凸部137、138に形成された環状溝部139、140に係合しており、これにより検出シャフト310、312が抜け止めされている。Similarly, thedetection shafts 310 and 312 of thecoupling sensors 306 and 308 are also rod-shaped members with a step extending in the Y direction and having a narrow Y1 side. Thedetection shafts 310 and 312 are urged toward the Y2 direction (downward) bycoil springs 322 and 324 that are externally fitted to the narrow diameter portion on the Y1 side.Flange 310b, 312b is diameter-expanded at the Y2 direction end (lower end) ofdetection shafts 310, 312. Theflanges 310b and 312b are engaged withannular groove portions 139 and 140 formed on engagementconvex portions 137 and 138 that are externally fitted in the vicinity of the Y2 direction ends of thedrive shafts 115 and 116 that receive the outputs of themotors 100 and 102, respectively. Accordingly, thedetection shafts 310 and 312 are prevented from coming off.
 コイルばね322、324は、孔部300、302のY1方向端に縮径形成されたフランジ300a、302aに上部が着座し、検出シャフト310、312の中央やや下方に形成されたフランジ310a、312aに下部が着座して保持されている。フランジ310a、312aは、Oリング326、328が嵌められる環状溝の一側壁を構成している。検出シャフト310、312のY1方向端(上端)には、カップリングセンサ306、308に対応する検出頭部310c、312cが設けられている。The upper portions of the coil springs 322 and 324 are seated onflanges 300a and 302a formed with reduced diameters at the ends of theholes 300 and 302 in the Y1 direction, and theflanges 310a and 312a formed slightly below the center of thedetection shafts 310 and 312. The lower part is seated and held. Theflanges 310a and 312a constitute one side wall of an annular groove into which the O-rings 326 and 328 are fitted. Detection heads 310c and 312c corresponding to thecoupling sensors 306 and 308 are provided at the ends (upper ends) of thedetection shafts 310 and 312 in the Y1 direction.
 図7、図9及び図10に示すように、ギア機構部106は、第1プレート108、第2プレート110及び第3プレート112で囲まれた空間で、第4プレート114を基準にしてX方向に対称構成として設けられている。ギア機構部106は、2本の駆動シャフト(駆動軸)115、116と、2つの駆動傘歯車117、118と、2つの従動傘歯車119、120とを有する。As shown in FIGS. 7, 9, and 10, thegear mechanism unit 106 is a space surrounded by thefirst plate 108, thesecond plate 110, and thethird plate 112, and the X direction with respect to thefourth plate 114. Are provided as symmetrical configurations. Thegear mechanism unit 106 includes two drive shafts (drive shafts) 115 and 116, twodrive bevel gears 117 and 118, and two drivenbevel gears 119 and 120.
 図9に示すように、上部ブラケット104を構成する第2プレート110及び第3プレート112には、各駆動シャフト115、116にそれぞれ対応し、ベアリング122、124が配置される軸孔126、128が一対ずつ設けられている。ベアリング122、124は、外輪の一部が第2プレート110及び第3プレート112の端面に当接することにより位置決めされている。第2プレート110の上面には、ベアリング122の外輪を止める止板130が複数のビス129(図7及び図8参照)によって固定されている。止板130には、駆動シャフト115、116のY1方向端(上端)が挿通する一対の孔130a、130a(図8及び図9参照)が設けられている。As shown in FIG. 9, thesecond plate 110 and thethird plate 112 constituting theupper bracket 104 haveshaft holes 126 and 128 corresponding to thedrive shafts 115 and 116, respectively, in whichbearings 122 and 124 are arranged. A pair is provided. Thebearings 122 and 124 are positioned by a part of the outer ring abutting against the end surfaces of thesecond plate 110 and thethird plate 112. Astop plate 130 for stopping the outer ring of thebearing 122 is fixed to the upper surface of thesecond plate 110 by a plurality of screws 129 (see FIGS. 7 and 8). Thestop plate 130 is provided with a pair ofholes 130a and 130a (see FIGS. 8 and 9) through which the Y1 direction ends (upper ends) of thedrive shafts 115 and 116 are inserted.
 図9に示すように、モータ100(102)の出力軸100b(102b)は、孔113を貫通して駆動シャフト115(116)の近傍までZ方向に延在し、駆動傘歯車117(118)が押しねじ134によって固定されている。一方、駆動シャフト115(116)には、従動傘歯車119(120)が押しねじ136によって固定されている(図9参照)。駆動傘歯車117(118)と従動傘歯車119(120)とは互いに噛合し、出力軸100b(102b)の回転を90°変換して駆動シャフト115(116)に伝達することができる。As shown in FIG. 9, theoutput shaft 100b (102b) of the motor 100 (102) extends through thehole 113 to the vicinity of the drive shaft 115 (116) in the Z direction, and the drive bevel gear 117 (118). Is fixed by apush screw 134. On the other hand, a driven bevel gear 119 (120) is fixed to the drive shaft 115 (116) by a push screw 136 (see FIG. 9). The drive bevel gear 117 (118) and the driven bevel gear 119 (120) mesh with each other, and the rotation of theoutput shaft 100b (102b) can be converted by 90 ° and transmitted to the drive shaft 115 (116).
 図7~図10に示すように、駆動シャフト115(116)の上端側(Y1側)はベアリング122を貫通し、止板130の孔130aから所定量突出している。止板130から突出した駆動シャフト115(116)の先端には、平面視(図8参照)で略半円状の円板部を有する検出片333(334)が固定されている。検出片333(334)は、駆動シャフト115(116)と共に回転し、側面視(図9参照)で略U字状の原点検出センサ331(332)のセンサドグとして機能する。原点検出センサ331、332は、上部ブラケット104を構成する第2プレート110の上面に立設されたセンサ基板335のZ1側面に設けられている。7 to 10, the upper end side (Y1 side) of the drive shaft 115 (116) passes through thebearing 122 and protrudes from thehole 130a of thestop plate 130 by a predetermined amount. A detection piece 333 (334) having a substantially semicircular disk portion in plan view (see FIG. 8) is fixed to the tip of the drive shaft 115 (116) protruding from thestop plate 130. The detection piece 333 (334) rotates together with the drive shaft 115 (116), and functions as a sensor dog of the substantially U-shaped origin detection sensor 331 (332) in a side view (see FIG. 9). Theorigin detection sensors 331 and 332 are provided on the Z1 side surface of thesensor substrate 335 erected on the upper surface of thesecond plate 110 constituting theupper bracket 104.
 図9に示すように、駆動シャフト115(116)の下端側(Y2側)はベアリング124に軸支された部分より下部が段付き形状となっており、順に、Oリング131が外嵌されるフランジ115a(116a)と、該フランジ115a(116a)より大径でコイルばね121の上部が着座する短尺円筒状のフランジ座115b(116b)と、コイルばね121が外嵌され且つ係合凸部137(138)が進退可能に挿通される断面波形六角形状の波形部115c(116c)(図22A参照)とが設けられている。係合凸部137(138)は、コイルばね121によってY2方向に付勢されつつ、該係合凸部137(138)を貫通した駆動シャフト115(116)のY2方向端近傍に嵌合されたEリング123によって抜け止めされている。すなわち、係合凸部137(138)は、駆動シャフト115(116)の波形部115c(116c)に対し、回転不能に且つY方向(軸方向)に進退可能に弾性支持されている。コイルばね121の下端部は、係合凸部137(138)の上面側に図示しない環状凹部を形成し、該環状凹部内に挿入されるように配置されてもよい。As shown in FIG. 9, the lower end side (Y2 side) of the drive shaft 115 (116) has a stepped shape below the portion pivotally supported by thebearing 124, and the O-ring 131 is sequentially fitted on the lower side. Aflange 115 a (116 a), a shortcylindrical flange seat 115 b (116 b) having a larger diameter than theflange 115 a (116 a) and on which the upper portion of thecoil spring 121 is seated, and thecoil spring 121 are externally fitted and the engagingprojection 137. And acorrugated portion 115c (116c) (see FIG. 22A) having a hexagonal cross-sectional shape through which (138) is inserted so as to be able to advance and retreat. The engagement convex portion 137 (138) is fitted in the vicinity of the Y2 direction end of the drive shaft 115 (116) passing through the engagement convex portion 137 (138) while being urged in the Y2 direction by thecoil spring 121. The E-ring 123 prevents it from coming off. That is, the engaging convex portion 137 (138) is elastically supported so as not to rotate and to advance and retreat in the Y direction (axial direction) with respect to thecorrugated portion 115c (116c) of the drive shaft 115 (116). The lower end portion of thecoil spring 121 may be disposed so as to form an annular recess (not shown) on the upper surface side of the engaging projection 137 (138) and to be inserted into the annular recess.
 駆動シャフト115(116)は、中央部115d(116d)の上端がベアリング122の内輪に当接し、該中央部115d(116d)の下部に連続するフランジ115a(116b)の上端がベアリング124の内輪に当接することで位置決めされている。駆動シャフト115、116は、平面視(図8参照)で、モータ100、102の軸方向の延長線上(Z方向)に配置されている。In the drive shaft 115 (116), the upper end of thecentral portion 115d (116d) is in contact with the inner ring of thebearing 122, and the upper end of the flange 115a (116b) continuous to the lower portion of thecentral portion 115d (116d) is the inner ring of thebearing 124. It is positioned by abutting. Thedrive shafts 115 and 116 are disposed on an extension line (Z direction) of themotors 100 and 102 in a plan view (see FIG. 8).
 このような駆動傘歯車117、118、従動傘歯車119、120、及び、駆動シャフト115、116を含むギア機構部106によれば、モータ100、102が連結シャフト18と比較して大径であっても並列配置が可能になると共に、モータ配置の自由度が高まる。また、モータ100及びモータ102と、駆動シャフト115及び駆動シャフト116とは、連結シャフト18を基準としてY方向を基準とした対称位置に設けられており、バランスがよい。According to thegear mechanism portion 106 including thedrive bevel gears 117 and 118, the drivenbevel gears 119 and 120, and thedrive shafts 115 and 116, themotors 100 and 102 have a larger diameter than theconnection shaft 18. However, parallel arrangement becomes possible and the degree of freedom of motor arrangement increases. Further, themotor 100 and themotor 102 and thedrive shaft 115 and thedrive shaft 116 are provided at symmetrical positions with respect to the Y direction with respect to the connectingshaft 18, and thus have a good balance.
 ギア機構部106では、第2プレート110及び第3プレート112が従動傘歯車119、120を挟んで駆動シャフト115、116を軸支する軸支部材として作用し、第1プレート108がモータ100、102を固定するモータ板として作用すると共に、第2プレート110と第3プレート112とを接続しており、簡便でありながら高い剛性が得られ、モータ100、102及び駆動シャフト115、116を安定して保持することができる。また、駆動シャフト115、116間に、第1プレート108、第2プレート110及び第3プレート112を接続する第4プレート114を設けたことにより、一層高い剛性を得ることができる。In thegear mechanism unit 106, thesecond plate 110 and thethird plate 112 act as pivot support members that pivotally support thedrive shafts 115 and 116 with the drivenbevel gears 119 and 120 interposed therebetween, and thefirst plate 108 serves as themotors 100 and 102. Thesecond plate 110 and thethird plate 112 are connected to each other, and high rigidity is obtained while being simple, and themotors 100 and 102 and thedrive shafts 115 and 116 can be stably provided. Can be held. Further, by providing thefourth plate 114 connecting thefirst plate 108, thesecond plate 110, and thethird plate 112 between thedrive shafts 115, 116, higher rigidity can be obtained.
 次に、作業部16を構成する下部ブラケット32について説明する。Next, thelower bracket 32 constituting the workingunit 16 will be described.
 図6及び図11に示すように、下部ブラケット32は、Z方向に延びた側面視略矩形(図6参照)に形成されており、Z1側がボックス構造からなるプーリボックス32aを構成し、該プーリボックス32aのZ2側が平行した一対のプレート構造からなるトリガレバー取付部32bを構成している。この下部ブラケット32は、第1に、プーリボックス32aが駆動部30のギア機構部106に着脱可能に接続されることで、駆動シャフト115、116の回転を連結シャフト18から先端動作部12へと中継する機能を有し、第2に、トリガレバー取付部32bでトリガレバー36を軸支すると共に、トリガレバー36の操作を連結シャフト18から先端動作部12へと中継する機能を有し、第3に、連結シャフト18内の気密状態を維持する機能を有する。As shown in FIGS. 6 and 11, thelower bracket 32 is formed in a substantially rectangular shape (see FIG. 6) in side view extending in the Z direction, and the Z1 side constitutes apulley box 32a having a box structure. The triggerlever attaching part 32b which consists of a pair of plate structure with which Z2 side of thebox 32a was parallel is comprised. In thelower bracket 32, first, thepulley box 32a is detachably connected to thegear mechanism unit 106 of thedrive unit 30 so that the rotation of thedrive shafts 115 and 116 is transferred from thecoupling shaft 18 to the distalend working unit 12. Secondly, thetrigger lever 36 is pivotally supported by the triggerlever mounting portion 32b, and the operation of thetrigger lever 36 is relayed from the connectingshaft 18 to the distalend working portion 12. 3 has a function of maintaining an airtight state in the connectingshaft 18.
 先ず、プーリボックス32aについて説明する。First, thepulley box 32a will be described.
 図11~図13に示すように、プーリボックス32aは、X方向両側が開口した空洞部152と、空洞部152のZ1側のシャフト支持部154と、空洞部152のZ2側のロッド孔156a、156bと、空洞部152に収納されたプーリ(従動軸)158a、158b及びワイヤガイド部160a、160bとを有する。プーリボックス32aとトリガレバー取付部32bとの接続部近傍には、Z方向を基準として対称な一対のピン穴161、161が形成されている。各ピン穴161、161には、作業部16と操作部14との着脱時、上部ブラケット104からY1方向に突出した一対のガイドピン163、163が挿入される(図2及び図6参照)。As shown in FIGS. 11 to 13, thepulley box 32a includes ahollow portion 152 that is open on both sides in the X direction, ashaft support portion 154 on the Z1 side of thehollow portion 152, arod hole 156a on the Z2 side of thehollow portion 152, 156b, pulleys (driven shafts) 158a and 158b andwire guide portions 160a and 160b housed in thecavity 152. A pair of pin holes 161 and 161 symmetrical with respect to the Z direction are formed in the vicinity of the connecting portion between thepulley box 32a and the triggerlever mounting portion 32b. A pair of guide pins 163 and 163 projecting from theupper bracket 104 in the Y1 direction are inserted into the pin holes 161 and 161 when the workingunit 16 and theoperation unit 14 are attached and detached (see FIGS. 2 and 6).
 空洞部152は、プーリボックス32aのX方向両面を連通する孔であって、側面視(図12参照)で、プーリボックス32aのややZ2方向寄りに設けられ、Z方向両端が半円形状となっている。プーリボックス32aのX方向両面には、空洞部152を囲うOリング164、164が設けられており(図6及び図13参照)、その外面から装着される下部カバー37a、37bによってOリング164が適度に圧縮される。Thehollow portion 152 is a hole that communicates both sides of thepulley box 32a in the X direction, and is provided slightly closer to the Z2 direction of thepulley box 32a in a side view (see FIG. 12), and both ends in the Z direction are semicircular. ing. O-rings 164 and 164 surrounding thecavity 152 are provided on both sides in the X direction of thepulley box 32a (see FIGS. 6 and 13), and the O-ring 164 is formed bylower covers 37a and 37b attached from the outer surface. It is compressed moderately.
 シャフト支持部154は、空洞部152からプーリボックス32aのZ1方向端面に連通する孔であり、Z方向に延びる連結シャフト18の基端側を支持している。連結シャフト18のZ2方向端には、筒状のカプラ165が設けられており(図12及び図13参照)、シャフト支持部154はカプラ165を介して連結シャフト18を支持している。カプラ165と連結シャフト18との間には2つのOリング166、166が設けられ、カプラ165とシャフト支持部154との間にはOリング168が設けられている。連結シャフト18は、プーリボックス32aのZ1方向上端に形成された切欠部にクランプ部材170がY1側から締結されることによって固定されている(図11及び図12参照)。Theshaft support portion 154 is a hole that communicates from thecavity portion 152 to the end surface in the Z1 direction of thepulley box 32a, and supports the proximal end side of the connectingshaft 18 that extends in the Z direction. Acylindrical coupler 165 is provided at the end of the connectingshaft 18 in the Z2 direction (see FIGS. 12 and 13), and theshaft support portion 154 supports the connectingshaft 18 via thecoupler 165. Two O-rings 166 and 166 are provided between thecoupler 165 and the connectingshaft 18, and an O-ring 168 is provided between thecoupler 165 and theshaft support portion 154. The connectingshaft 18 is fixed by fastening aclamp member 170 from the Y1 side to a notch formed at the upper end of thepulley box 32a in the Z1 direction (see FIGS. 11 and 12).
 図12及び図13に示すように、空洞部152には、Y方向に並んだ2対の同軸孔172a、172a(Y1側)及び172b、172b(Y2側)に、それぞれベアリング174a、174a及び174b、174bが設けられており、該ベアリング174a、174bによってプーリ158a、158bが軸支されている。As shown in FIGS. 12 and 13, in thehollow portion 152, two pairs ofcoaxial holes 172a, 172a (Y1 side) and 172b, 172b (Y2 side) aligned in the Y direction are respectively provided withbearings 174a, 174a and 174b. 174b, andpulleys 158a and 158b are pivotally supported by thebearings 174a and 174b.
 プーリ158a、158bは、駆動シャフト115、116に対して同軸である(図6及び図7参照)。前記同軸孔172aから上方に突出したプーリ158a、158bのY1方向端には、駆動シャフト115、116のY2方向端に設けられた係合凸部137、138(図9及び図10参照)と係合可能な係合凹部176a、176bが設けられている(図11及び図12参照)。このような係合凸部137、138と係合凹部176a、176bとは、後述する所定の位相(この場合には1箇所。但しプーリ158a、158bの許容回転範囲θによっては複数のn箇所)でのみ係合可能である(図22A及び図22B等参照)。これらが係合することにより、駆動軸である駆動シャフト115、116からの回転駆動力が、従動軸であるプーリ158a、158bへと伝達される。Thepulleys 158a and 158b are coaxial with thedrive shafts 115 and 116 (see FIGS. 6 and 7).Engagement projections 137 and 138 (see FIGS. 9 and 10) provided at the Y2 direction ends of thedrive shafts 115 and 116 are engaged with the Y1 direction ends of thepulleys 158a and 158b protruding upward from thecoaxial hole 172a. Engagingrecesses 176a and 176b are provided (see FIGS. 11 and 12). Such engagementconvex portions 137 and 138 and engagementconcave portions 176a and 176b have a predetermined phase described later (in this case, one location, but a plurality of n locations depending on the allowable rotation range θ of thepulleys 158a and 158b). (See FIGS. 22A and 22B, etc.). By engaging these, the rotational driving force from thedrive shafts 115 and 116 that are drive shafts is transmitted to thepulleys 158a and 158b that are driven shafts.
 プーリ158aとプーリ158bとの軸間距離は、駆動シャフト115と駆動シャフト116との軸間距離と等しく(図10参照)、プーリ158aとプーリ158bとの隙間は連結シャフト18の径よりも大きい(図13参照)。The inter-axis distance between thepulley 158a and thepulley 158b is equal to the inter-axis distance between thedrive shaft 115 and the drive shaft 116 (see FIG. 10), and the clearance between thepulley 158a and thepulley 158b is larger than the diameter of the connecting shaft 18 ( (See FIG. 13).
 図12に示すように、プーリ158a、158bは、同軸孔172aに対してOリング178aで回転可能に気密シールされ、同軸孔172bに対してOリング178bで回転可能にシールされている。プーリ158a、158bは、Y2方向端がEリング180によって抜け止めされている。また、プーリ158a、158bの中央部には、径調整部材182が介装されており、該径調整部材182を適宜選定することにより、後述するワイヤ1052、1054の巻き付け径を調整可能となっている(図12及び図13参照)。なお、プーリ158a、158bはそれぞれ径調整部材と一体のものとしてもよい。As shown in FIG. 12, thepulleys 158a and 158b are hermetically sealed with an O-ring 178a so as to be rotatable with respect to thecoaxial hole 172a, and are sealed with an O-ring 178b so as to be rotatable with respect to thecoaxial hole 172b. Thepulleys 158a and 158b are prevented from coming off byE-rings 180 at the ends in the Y2 direction. In addition, adiameter adjusting member 182 is interposed at the center of thepulleys 158a and 158b, and by appropriately selecting thediameter adjusting member 182, the winding diameter of thewires 1052 and 1054 described later can be adjusted. (See FIGS. 12 and 13). Thepulleys 158a and 158b may be integrated with the diameter adjusting member.
 プーリ158a、158bの上端に設けられた係合凹部176a、176bは、空洞部152に位置した部位よりも大径であって、プーリボックス32aの上面(Y1方向面)に面する下面には、その外周の所定角度分(例えば、270°)を縮径方向(中心方向)に切欠いた円弧切欠部177、177がそれぞれ形成されている(図12参照)。係合凹部176a、176bの各円弧切欠部177、177には、それぞれストッパ179a、179aが挿入配置されている(図11及び12参照)。ストッパ179aは、ワイヤガイド部160a、160bのY1方向端の抜け止めをする止板179のZ2側に突出形成されたプレート状の突起である。The engagement recesses 176a and 176b provided at the upper ends of thepulleys 158a and 158b have a larger diameter than the portion located in thecavity 152, and the lower surface facing the upper surface (Y1 direction surface) of thepulley box 32a is Arc-shapednotches 177 and 177 are formed by notching a predetermined angle (for example, 270 °) of the outer periphery in the diameter reducing direction (center direction) (see FIG. 12).Stoppers 179a and 179a are inserted and arranged in thecircular arc notches 177 and 177 of the engagingrecesses 176a and 176b, respectively (see FIGS. 11 and 12). Thestopper 179a is a plate-like protrusion formed on the Z2 side of thestopper plate 179 that prevents thewire guide portions 160a and 160b from coming off at the ends in the Y1 direction.
 従って、図14A及び図14Bに示すように、プーリ158a、158bの回転範囲は、図14Aに示す状態でのZ1方向を原点として、円弧切欠部177の両終端の当接部(当接部材)177a、177bが、前記ストッパ179aの両側面に当接するまでの正転及び逆転の範囲に規制されている。すなわち、図14Aに示すように、一方のプーリ158aの回転範囲は、前記原点から時計回り(図14Aは下面図のため、反時計回り)の正転(180°未満)の範囲(図14Aに矢印+θで示し、例えば90°)と、反時計回り(図14Aは下面図のため、時計回り)の逆転(180°未満)の範囲(図14Aに矢印-θで示し、例えば90°)とに規制されている。同様に、他方のプーリ158bの回転範囲も、原点から時計回りの正転の範囲(図14Aに矢印+θで示し、例えば135°)と、反時計回りの逆転の範囲(図14Aに矢印-θで示し、例えば135°)とに規制されている。これにより、プーリ158a等が過剰に回転し、ワイヤ1052等によって駆動される先端動作部12が過度な動作を生じたり、ワイヤ1052等に過度の引張等の負荷が生じたりすることを確実に回避することができる。Therefore, as shown in FIGS. 14A and 14B, the rotation range of thepulleys 158a and 158b is set so that the Z1 direction in the state shown in FIG. 177a and 177b are restricted to the range of normal rotation and reverse rotation until they contact the both side surfaces of thestopper 179a. That is, as shown in FIG. 14A, the rotation range of onepulley 158a is clockwise (less than 180 °) in the clockwise direction (below FIG. 14A is a bottom view). As indicated by an arrow + θ (for example, 90 °) and a counterclockwise rotation (in FIG. 14A, because it is a bottom view, clockwise) (less than 180 °) range (indicated by an arrow −θ in FIG. Is regulated. Similarly, the rotation range of theother pulley 158b also includes a clockwise forward rotation range (indicated by arrow + θ in FIG. 14A, for example, 135 °) and a counterclockwise reverse rotation range (arrow −θ in FIG. 14A). For example, 135 °). This reliably prevents thepulley 158a and the like from excessively rotating, causing thetip operating unit 12 driven by thewire 1052 and the like to excessively move and causing an excessive load such as tension on thewire 1052 and the like. can do.
 図12及び図13に示すように、ワイヤガイド部160a(160b)は、挿入軸184と、該挿入軸184に隣接して軸支された2層の円筒アイドラ186、188と、これら円筒アイドラ186、188の位置決めをする位置決め筒190a、190bとを有する。As shown in FIGS. 12 and 13, thewire guide portion 160 a (160 b) includes aninsertion shaft 184, two layers ofcylindrical idlers 186 and 188 that are supported adjacent to theinsertion shaft 184, and thesecylindrical idlers 186. And positioningcylinders 190a and 190b forpositioning 188.
 挿入軸184はY方向に延在し、プーリボックス32aに対してY1側の貫通孔194aを通り、Y2側の有底の穴194bに挿入されており、貫通孔194aのY1方向端が前記止板179によって閉塞されている。挿入軸184は、止板179の近傍がOリング193によってシールされている。挿入軸184は、空洞部152において、Y1側からY2側に向かって順に位置決め筒190a、円筒アイドラ186、円筒アイドラ188及び位置決め筒190bが設けられている。円筒アイドラ186、188は、独立に回転可能なプーリである。Theinsertion shaft 184 extends in the Y direction, passes through the Y1 side throughhole 194a with respect to thepulley box 32a, and is inserted into the bottomedhole 194b on the Y2 side, and the end of the throughhole 194a in the Y1 direction is stopped. It is blocked by aplate 179. Theinsertion shaft 184 is sealed in the vicinity of thestop plate 179 by an O-ring 193. In thehollow portion 152, theinsertion shaft 184 is provided with apositioning cylinder 190a, acylindrical idler 186, acylindrical idler 188, and apositioning cylinder 190b in this order from the Y1 side to the Y2 side.Cylindrical idlers 186 and 188 are independently rotatable pulleys.
 図13に示すように、各ワイヤガイド部160a、160bを構成する2つの円筒アイドラ186、186間の隙間S1(円筒アイドラ188、188間の隙間も同様)は、連結シャフト18の内径よりも狭く、該内径の1/2程度に設定されている。円筒アイドラ186、188は、回転自在であって、その周面にはワイヤ1054(1052)が配置される溝186a、188aが設けられている。円筒アイドラ186、188は、適度な潤滑性が確保されていれば必ずしも回転可能な構成でなくてもよい。As shown in FIG. 13, the gap S1 between the twocylindrical idlers 186 and 186 constituting thewire guide portions 160a and 160b (the same applies to the gap between thecylindrical idlers 188 and 188) is narrower than the inner diameter of the connectingshaft 18. , About 1/2 of the inner diameter. Thecylindrical idlers 186 and 188 are rotatable, andgrooves 186a and 188a in which the wires 1054 (1052) are disposed are provided on the peripheral surfaces thereof. Thecylindrical idlers 186 and 188 do not necessarily have to be rotatable as long as appropriate lubricity is ensured.
 このようなワイヤガイド部160a、160bを用いることにより、連結シャフト18は、モータ100、102の径やプーリ158aとプーリ158bとの軸間距離S2(図13参照)に依存することなく十分に細くでき、例えば、トラカール20に挿入するのに適した5mm~10mm程度に設定することができる。また、ギア機構部106を介したモータ100、102の配置の自由度が高まる。ワイヤ1054(1052)の往路線及び復路線は逆方向に動くが、2層の円筒アイドラ186、188は、これに対応しており、各線が摩擦のない動作が可能である。By using suchwire guide portions 160a and 160b, the connectingshaft 18 is sufficiently thin without depending on the diameters of themotors 100 and 102 and the distance S2 between thepulleys 158a and 158b (see FIG. 13). For example, it can be set to about 5 mm to 10 mm suitable for insertion into thetrocar 20. Moreover, the freedom degree of arrangement | positioning of themotors 100 and 102 via thegear mechanism part 106 increases. The forward line and the return line of the wire 1054 (1052) move in opposite directions, but the two-layercylindrical idlers 186 and 188 correspond to this, and each line can operate without friction.
 図12に示すように、プーリボックス32aを構成する空洞部152には、さらに、2本のロッド(伝達部材)192a、192bがY方向に並んで、Z方向に貫通している。ロッド192a、192bは、例えば、十分に強く且つ細いステンレスパイプ又は中実ロッドであり、Z1方向は空洞部152を貫通して連結シャフト18内へと延び、Z2方向はロッド孔156a、156bを貫通してトリガレバー取付部32bへと延びている。As shown in FIG. 12, two rods (transmission members) 192a and 192b are further arranged in the Y direction and penetrated in the Z direction in thehollow portion 152 constituting thepulley box 32a. Therods 192a and 192b are, for example, sufficiently strong and thin stainless steel pipes or solid rods, and the Z1 direction extends through thehollow portion 152 into the connectingshaft 18, and the Z2 direction passes through therod holes 156a and 156b. Then, it extends to the triggerlever mounting portion 32b.
 ロッド孔156a、156bの開口側(Z2側)には、これらロッド孔156a、156bの周囲を囲繞する矩形プレート状のゴムシート194と、該ゴムシート191を密着支持する支持プレート196とが設けられている(図12参照)。ロッド192a、192bは、ゴムシート194及び支持プレート196に設けられた一対の貫通孔にそれぞれ挿通されると共に、ゴムシート194によりその貫通した摺接面がシールされている。すなわち、ゴムシート194は、ロッド192a、192bに対して隙間なく接触し、空洞部152及び連結シャフト18をZ方向に進退自在に気密シールする。On the opening side (Z2 side) of therod holes 156a and 156b, a rectangular plate-shapedrubber sheet 194 surrounding the periphery of therod holes 156a and 156b, and asupport plate 196 for closely supporting the rubber sheet 191 are provided. (See FIG. 12). Therods 192a and 192b are inserted through a pair of through holes provided in therubber sheet 194 and thesupport plate 196, respectively, and the sliding contact surfaces penetrating therubber sheet 194 are sealed. That is, therubber sheet 194 comes into contact with therods 192a and 192b without a gap, and hermetically seals thecavity 152 and the connectingshaft 18 so as to be movable back and forth in the Z direction.
 このように、プーリボックス32aを構成する空洞部152は、ロッド192a、192bに対してはゴムシート194でシールされ(図12参照)、プーリ158a、158bに対してはOリング178a、178bでシールされ(図12参照)、ワイヤガイド部160a、160b(挿入軸184)に対してはOリング193でシールされ(図12参照)、連結シャフト18に対してはOリング166、168でシールされ(図12参照)、下部カバー37a、37bに対してはOリング164によってシールされ(図6及び図13参照)、これにより気密に維持されている。一方、連結シャフト18の外周面はトラカール20(図1参照)によって気密に支持される。Thus, thehollow portion 152 constituting thepulley box 32a is sealed with therubber sheet 194 with respect to therods 192a and 192b (see FIG. 12), and with the O-rings 178a and 178b with respect to thepulleys 158a and 158b. 12 (see FIG. 12), thewire guide portions 160a and 160b (insertion shaft 184) are sealed with an O-ring 193 (see FIG. 12), and the connectingshaft 18 is sealed with O-rings 166 and 168 (see FIG. 12). 12), thelower covers 37a and 37b are sealed by an O-ring 164 (see FIGS. 6 and 13), thereby being kept airtight. On the other hand, the outer peripheral surface of the connectingshaft 18 is airtightly supported by a trocar 20 (see FIG. 1).
 従って、体腔22に供給された気体が連結シャフト18からプーリボックス32aを介して外部に漏出することがない。さらに、密封状態となった空気により、血液等の液体が先端動作部12の隙間から連結シャフト18及びプーリボックス32aへと浸入すること事態を可及的に抑制することができ、連結シャフト18やプーリボックス32a、さらには操作部14等の洗浄が容易となる。なお、連結シャフト18の内部に仕切り部等を設けて、気密状態を保つ構成としてもよい。Therefore, the gas supplied to thebody cavity 22 does not leak out from theconnection shaft 18 via thepulley box 32a. Furthermore, it is possible to suppress, as much as possible, a situation in which liquid such as blood enters the connectingshaft 18 and thepulley box 32a from the gap of the distalend working unit 12 due to the sealed air. Thepulley box 32a and theoperation unit 14 can be easily cleaned. In addition, it is good also as a structure which provides a partition part etc. in the inside of theconnection shaft 18, and maintains an airtight state.
 また、マニピュレータ10では、プーリボックス32a内の気密保持とその洗浄容易性を両立するため、プーリボックス32aの上面にキャップ39aを嵌着可能な洗浄液注入ポート39を設けている(図3及び図6)。但し、この構成の場合、プーリボックス32a内の気密性の確保のために、操作部14と作業部16とを装着する前に、洗浄液注入ポート39にキャップ39aを確実に嵌めておく必要がある。この際、キャップ39aが正確に嵌められていない状態では、該キャップ39aが邪魔をして、作業部16を操作部14に装着することができない構造となっている。Themanipulator 10 is provided with a cleaningliquid injection port 39 into which acap 39a can be fitted on the upper surface of thepulley box 32a in order to achieve both airtight maintenance in thepulley box 32a and easy cleaning (see FIGS. 3 and 6). ). However, in this configuration, in order to ensure airtightness in thepulley box 32a, thecap 39a needs to be securely fitted to the cleaningliquid injection port 39 before theoperation unit 14 and the workingunit 16 are mounted. . At this time, in a state where thecap 39a is not correctly fitted, thecap 39a is obstructed and the workingunit 16 cannot be mounted on theoperation unit 14.
 このような洗浄液注入ポート39の取扱性を一層向上させるため、例えば、図15A及び図15Bに示すように、キャップ39aに代えて、キャップ39bを操作部14側に設けた構成とすることもできる。In order to further improve the handleability of the cleaningliquid injection port 39, for example, as shown in FIGS. 15A and 15B, a configuration in which acap 39b is provided on theoperation unit 14 side instead of thecap 39a can be adopted. .
 図15A及び図15Bに示す構成では、洗浄液注入ポート39の蓋となるキャップ39bが、上部カバー25の内側に固定されている。洗浄液注入ポート39及びキャップ39bは、例えば、互いに嵌合可能なテーパ形状であり、テーパ状の凸部であるキャップ39bが、洗浄液注入ポート39の流路となるテーパ状の凹部に嵌合可能である。これにより、操作部14と作業部16を装着する際には、キャップ39bが洗浄液注入ポート39に必ず嵌合してプーリボックス32a内の気密性を確実に確保することができる一方、操作部14と作業部16とを分離した際には、キャップ39bが洗浄液注入ポート39から必ず取り外されるため、使用後の洗浄作業を容易に且つ迅速に行なうことができる。15A and 15B, acap 39b serving as a lid of the cleaningliquid injection port 39 is fixed to the inner side of the upper cover 25. The cleaningliquid injection port 39 and thecap 39b are, for example, tapered shapes that can be fitted to each other, and thecap 39b that is a tapered convex portion can be fitted into a tapered concave portion that becomes a flow path of the cleaningliquid injection port 39. is there. As a result, when the operatingunit 14 and the workingunit 16 are mounted, thecap 39b can be surely fitted into the cleaningliquid injection port 39 to ensure airtightness in thepulley box 32a, while the operatingunit 14 is secured. When the workingpart 16 is separated from the workingpart 16, thecap 39b is always removed from the cleaningliquid injection port 39, so that the cleaning work after use can be easily and quickly performed.
 図11及び図12に示すように、プーリボックス32aのZ1方向上端のクランプ部材170には、Y1方向に立設された電極棒197が設けられている。電極棒197は、上部カバー25bに形成されたY方向の貫通孔198に挿通され、電極プラグ199(図1参照)が取り付けられることにより、当該マニピュレータ10を電気メスとして使用する際の高電圧が印加される。電極棒197は導電板195によって一方のワイヤガイド部160bに電気的に接続されており(図11参照)、これにより、ワイヤガイド部160bに接触するワイヤ1052を介して先端動作部12側へと高電圧を伝えることができる。11 and 12, theclamp member 170 at the upper end in the Z1 direction of thepulley box 32a is provided with anelectrode rod 197 standing in the Y1 direction. Theelectrode rod 197 is inserted into a Y-direction throughhole 198 formed in theupper cover 25b, and an electrode plug 199 (see FIG. 1) is attached, so that a high voltage when using themanipulator 10 as an electric knife is increased. Applied. Theelectrode rod 197 is electrically connected to the onewire guide portion 160b by the conductive plate 195 (see FIG. 11), and thus, thewire rod 1052 that contacts thewire guide portion 160b moves toward the distalend working portion 12 side. High voltage can be transmitted.
 図16に示すように、シャフト支持部154では、カプラ165及び連結シャフト18の内側で、Y方向にロッド192a及び192bが並列し、ワイヤ1052及び1054の各往復線はY方向に近接して並び、ワイヤ1052とワイヤ1054はX方向に並列しており、バランスよく配列されている。As shown in FIG. 16, in theshaft support portion 154, therods 192a and 192b are juxtaposed in the Y direction inside thecoupler 165 and the connectingshaft 18, and the reciprocal lines of thewires 1052 and 1054 are arranged close to each other in the Y direction. Thewire 1052 and thewire 1054 are arranged in parallel in the X direction and are arranged in a well-balanced manner.
 次に、下部ブラケット32を構成するトリガレバー取付部32bと、該トリガレバー取付部32bに軸支されるトリガレバー36とについて説明する。Next, the triggerlever mounting portion 32b constituting thelower bracket 32 and thetrigger lever 36 pivotally supported by the triggerlever mounting portion 32b will be described.
 図1、図6及び図19に示すように、トリガレバー取付部32bは、プーリボックス32aのZ2方向端面からZ2方向に平行に延びた一対の支持プレート201、201の間に渡ったトリガ軸35により、トリガレバー36を回動可能に軸支している。As shown in FIGS. 1, 6 and 19, the triggerlever mounting portion 32 b has atrigger shaft 35 extending between a pair ofsupport plates 201, 201 extending in parallel with the Z2 direction from the end surface of thepulley box 32 a in the Z2 direction. Thus, thetrigger lever 36 is pivotally supported.
 先ず、トリガレバー36について説明する。First, thetrigger lever 36 will be described.
 図17及び図19に示すように、トリガレバー36は、トリガ軸35に軸支されるアーム部200と、該アーム部200のY2側に設けられた指輪部202と、該指輪部202のY2側に設けられた略円弧状の指掛け突起204a、204bと、指輪部202から指掛け突起204a、204bに渡って形成された内部空間203に収納されたラチェット爪206と、該ラチェット爪206を揺動させるレバー208とを有する。指輪部202は、主に人差し指(又は中指)を挿入し、指掛け突起204a、204bは、主に中指(又は薬指)を掛けるのに適している。As shown in FIGS. 17 and 19, thetrigger lever 36 includes anarm part 200 that is pivotally supported by thetrigger shaft 35, aring part 202 provided on the Y <b> 2 side of thearm part 200, and Y <b> 2 of thering part 202. A substantially arcuate finger-hangingprojection 204a, 204b provided on the side, aratchet claw 206 housed in aninternal space 203 formed from thering portion 202 to the finger-hangingprojection 204a, 204b, and swinging theratchet claw 206 And alever 208 to be operated. Thering part 202 is mainly suitable for inserting an index finger (or middle finger), and thefinger hooking protrusions 204a and 204b are mainly suitable for hanging the middle finger (or ring finger).
 ラチェット爪206は、Z1側が揺動軸207に軸支されると共に、Z2側には、凹部206bによって形成されて上方を指向した爪部206aが設けられ、揺動軸207よりZ1側の端部がコイルばね209によってY2方向へと付勢されている。これにより、爪部206aが上方に向けて付勢されると共に、凹部206bが内部空間203をX方向に渡るストッパピン(ストッパ部材)211に当接することで、それ以上の上方への揺動が規制されている。Theratchet claw 206 is supported by theswing shaft 207 on the Z1 side, and aclaw portion 206a formed by arecess 206b and directed upward is provided on the Z2 side. Is biased in the Y2 direction by thecoil spring 209. As a result, theclaw portion 206a is urged upward, and therecess 206b abuts against the stopper pin (stopper member) 211 across theinternal space 203 in the X direction, thereby further swinging upward. It is regulated.
 そこで、トリガ軸35を支点としてトリガレバー36をZ2方向に大きく変位(回動)させると、ラチェット爪206の爪部206aは、グリップハンドル26からZ1方向に突出した平面視略U字状の係合リング(係合部)27に当接する(図2、図6及び図17参照)。次いで、爪部206aのZ2側傾斜面に係合リング27が摺接しつつ、爪部206aがコイルばね209の付勢力に抗して多少下方に揺動される。そして、係合リング27が爪部206aを完全に乗り越えると、ラチェット爪206は、コイルばね209の付勢力によってストッパピン211に当接する位置まで戻され、同時に、係合リング27が爪部206a(凹部206b)に係合する(図18A参照)。その結果、トリガレバー36の位置を保持することができ、エンドエフェクタ1300(図1参照)を閉状態にロックすることができる。係合リング27は、例えば多段に設けてもよく、そうするとトリガレバー36のロック位置又は把持力を把持対象に合わせて調整可能にすることもできる。Therefore, when thetrigger lever 36 is largely displaced (turned) in the Z2 direction with thetrigger shaft 35 as a fulcrum, theclaw portion 206a of theratchet claw 206 is engaged in a substantially U shape in plan view protruding from the grip handle 26 in the Z1 direction. It contacts the mating ring (engagement portion) 27 (see FIGS. 2, 6 and 17). Next, the engagingring 27 is slidably contacted with the Z2 side inclined surface of theclaw 206a, and theclaw 206a is slightly swung downward against the urging force of thecoil spring 209. When theengagement ring 27 completely gets over theclaw 206a, theratchet claw 206 is returned to a position where it comes into contact with thestopper pin 211 by the urging force of thecoil spring 209, and at the same time, theengagement ring 27 is moved to theclaw 206a ( Engages with therecess 206b) (see FIG. 18A). As a result, the position of thetrigger lever 36 can be held, and the end effector 1300 (see FIG. 1) can be locked in the closed state. Theengagement ring 27 may be provided in multiple stages, for example, and in this case, the lock position or gripping force of thetrigger lever 36 can be adjusted according to the gripping target.
 レバー208は、一部が内部空間203からZ1方向に露出した略L字状の部材である(図17参照)。レバー208は、内部空間203内の一端側が揺動軸213に軸支されており、通常、コイルばね209によってY2方向に付勢されたラチェット爪206のZ1方向端によって押圧され、図18Aに示すような初期姿勢で保持されている。Thelever 208 is a substantially L-shaped member partially exposed from theinternal space 203 in the Z1 direction (see FIG. 17). Thelever 208 is supported at one end in theinternal space 203 by theswing shaft 213 and is normally pressed by the Z1 direction end of theratchet pawl 206 urged in the Y2 direction by thecoil spring 209, as shown in FIG. 18A. It is held in such an initial posture.
 そこで、図18Bに示すように、レバー(解除部)208の外部に露出した操作端208bをY2方向に押し下げると、該レバー208が揺動軸213を支点として揺動し、内部空間203内の一端側に形成された押圧面208aがラチェット爪206をコイルばね209の弾性力に抗して揺動させ、図18Bに示すように該ラチェット爪206を固定することができる。これにより、図18Bに示すように爪部206a(凹部206b)と係合リング27との係合が発生しない状態で使用することができる。また、爪部206aと係合リング27との係合を発生させながら使用した際に該係合を解除する場合、指輪部202の下部に部分的に突出しているラチェット爪206の中央凹部(解除部)206cを指で下側に押し下げることによって解除することができる(図18Aの一点鎖線で示すラチェット爪206参照)。Therefore, as shown in FIG. 18B, when theoperation end 208b exposed to the outside of the lever (release portion) 208 is pushed down in the Y2 direction, thelever 208 swings around theswing shaft 213 as a fulcrum. Thepressing surface 208a formed on one end side swings theratchet pawl 206 against the elastic force of thecoil spring 209, and theratchet pawl 206 can be fixed as shown in FIG. 18B. Accordingly, as shown in FIG. 18B, theclaw portion 206a (recessedportion 206b) and theengagement ring 27 can be used in a state where the engagement does not occur. In addition, when the engagement is released while the engagement between theclaw portion 206a and theengagement ring 27 is generated, when the engagement is released, the central recess (release) of theratchet claw 206 partially protruding below thering portion 202 is provided. Part) 206c can be released by pushing it downward with a finger (seeratchet claw 206 shown by a one-dot chain line in FIG. 18A).
 図17に示すように、トリガレバー36の内部空間203のZ2側上部には、上方に向けて傾斜した傾斜面203aが形成されると共に、他の部分よりも深く掘り下げられた凹部203bが形成されている。これにより、グリップハンドル26側の係合リング27を凹部203bから円滑にラチェット爪206に対して係合させることができる。As shown in FIG. 17, aninclined surface 203a that is inclined upward is formed in the upper portion of theinternal space 203 of thetrigger lever 36 on the Z2 side, and arecess 203b that is dug deeper than other portions is formed. ing. Thereby, theengagement ring 27 on the grip handle 26 side can be smoothly engaged with theratchet pawl 206 from therecess 203b.
 さらに、ラチェット爪206が係合リング27に係合した状態のまま、仮に操作部14と作業部16とを分離させた場合であっても、ストッパピン211によってラチェット爪206の上方への揺動が規制されており、しかも傾斜面203a及び凹部203bが係合リング27の逃げ部として作用するため、図18A中の破線矢印で示すように、係合リング27を傾斜面203aに沿って容易に抜くことができる。このため、係合リング27とラチェット爪206との係合状態が強固に維持されて、係合リング27やトリガレバー36に無理な力が生じることを有効に回避することができる。Further, even when theoperation portion 14 and the workingportion 16 are separated while theratchet pawl 206 is engaged with theengagement ring 27, theratchet pawl 206 is swung upward by thestopper pin 211. Since theinclined surface 203a and the recessedportion 203b act as escape portions of theengagement ring 27, theengagement ring 27 can be easily moved along theinclined surface 203a as shown by the broken arrow in FIG. 18A. Can be removed. For this reason, the engagement state between theengagement ring 27 and theratchet pawl 206 is firmly maintained, and it is possible to effectively avoid the generation of an excessive force on theengagement ring 27 and thetrigger lever 36.
 なお、図示はしないが、係合リング27に相当する構造の係合リングを爪部206a及び凹部206bに代えてラチェット爪206側に設ける一方、爪部206a(及び凹部206b)に相当する構造の爪部をグリップハンドル26側に設けてもよい。この場合にも、ラチェット爪206側の前記係合リングに対し、グリップハンドル26側の前記爪部をY1側からY2側に向かって係合する構成とすることにより、上記と略同様な作用効果を得ることができる。Although not shown, an engagement ring having a structure corresponding to theengagement ring 27 is provided on theratchet claw 206 side instead of theclaw portion 206a and theconcave portion 206b, while a structure corresponding to theclaw portion 206a (and theconcave portion 206b). You may provide a nail | claw part in the grip handle 26 side. Also in this case, the same effect as described above is obtained by engaging the claw portion on the grip handle 26 side from the Y1 side to the Y2 side with the engagement ring on theratchet claw 206 side. Can be obtained.
 次に、トリガレバー取付部32bについて説明する。Next, the triggerlever mounting portion 32b will be described.
 図11及び図19に示すように、トリガレバー取付部32bは、プーリボックス32aのZ2方向端面から延び、そのZ2方向端近傍でトリガレバー36を軸支する一対の支持プレート201、201と、支持プレート201、201間に設けられた荷重リミッタ212及びトリガワイヤ214とを有する。支持プレート201、201間の中心は連結シャフト18と略同軸構成となっている。支持プレート201は平行な一対のプレート部材以外、例えば円筒形状等でもよく、トリガ軸35や荷重リミッタ212等を支持できる形状であればよい。As shown in FIGS. 11 and 19, the triggerlever mounting portion 32b extends from the Z2 direction end surface of thepulley box 32a, and supports a pair ofsupport plates 201 and 201 that pivotally support thetrigger lever 36 near the end of the Z2 direction. Aload limiter 212 and atrigger wire 214 provided between theplates 201 and 201 are provided. The center between thesupport plates 201 and 201 is substantially coaxial with the connectingshaft 18. Thesupport plate 201 may be, for example, a cylindrical shape other than a pair of parallel plate members, and may be any shape that can support thetrigger shaft 35, theload limiter 212, and the like.
 荷重リミッタ212は円筒形状であって、外筒212aと、内ロッド212bと、コイルばね212cとを有し、Z1方向端の内ロッド212bがロッド192aの端部に軸支され、Z2方向端の外筒212aがアーム部200における軸200aに軸支されている。内ロッド212bとロッド192aを枢動可能に接続する軸205は、支持プレート201に設けられた長丸穴215にスライド自在な状態で支持されている(図20参照)。これにより、ロッド192aと内ロッド212bの角度に係わらず、ロッド192aをZ方向へ真っ直ぐに動かすことができる。コイルばね212cは適度に硬く、プリロードをかけた状態で外筒212aと内ロッド212bとの間に介在している。従って、荷重リミッタ212は、通常は、実質的な剛体としてロッド192aとトリガレバー36とを接続しているが、過度に大きい荷重がかかったとき、すなわち、エンドエフェクタ1300が何かを挟持する等してプリロード以上の荷重がかかったときには、コイルばね212cがさらに圧縮されて内ロッド212bが延出する。これにより、トリガレバー36を過度に強く引いても、その力は荷重リミッタ212によって制限されることになり、エンドエフェクタ1300(図1参照)及びその駆動機構あるいは把持対象物を保護することができる。Theload limiter 212 has a cylindrical shape and includes anouter cylinder 212a, aninner rod 212b, and acoil spring 212c. Theinner rod 212b at the end in the Z1 direction is pivotally supported by the end of therod 192a, and the end at the end in the Z2 direction. Anouter cylinder 212 a is pivotally supported on ashaft 200 a in thearm portion 200. Ashaft 205 that pivotably connects theinner rod 212b and therod 192a is supported in a slidable manner in anelongated hole 215 provided in the support plate 201 (see FIG. 20). Thereby, irrespective of the angle of therod 192a and theinner rod 212b, therod 192a can be moved straight in the Z direction. Thecoil spring 212c is moderately hard and is interposed between theouter cylinder 212a and theinner rod 212b in a preloaded state. Therefore, theload limiter 212 normally connects therod 192a and thetrigger lever 36 as a substantial rigid body. However, when an excessively large load is applied, that is, theend effector 1300 pinches something or the like. When a load greater than the preload is applied, thecoil spring 212c is further compressed and theinner rod 212b extends. Thus, even if thetrigger lever 36 is pulled too strongly, the force is limited by theload limiter 212, and the end effector 1300 (see FIG. 1) and its drive mechanism or gripping object can be protected. .
 なお、荷重リミッタ212の最大荷重は、エンドエフェクタ1300が最大に開いたときにトリガレバー36を最も手前に引いた場合であっても、トリガワイヤ214等の駆動機構が許容強度以下となるように設定されることが望ましい。Note that the maximum load of theload limiter 212 is set so that the driving mechanism such as thetrigger wire 214 is less than the allowable strength even when thetrigger lever 36 is pulled most forward when theend effector 1300 is fully opened. It is desirable that
 図19に示すように、トリガワイヤ214は、Z1方向端がロッド192bの端部に接続(例えば、圧着)され、Z2方向端がピン214aを介してアーム部200における軸200bに軸支されている。トリガワイヤ214は、プーリ216に案内されており、該プーリ216よりもZ1側の部分は、ロッド192bと略同軸状となっている。As shown in FIG. 19, thetrigger wire 214 is connected (for example, crimped) to the end of therod 192b at the end in the Z1 direction, and the end in the Z2 direction is pivotally supported by theshaft 200b in thearm unit 200 via apin 214a. . Thetrigger wire 214 is guided by apulley 216, and a portion closer to the Z1 side than thepulley 216 is substantially coaxial with therod 192b.
 軸200aはトリガ軸35よりもY2側、軸200bはトリガ軸35よりもY1側に配置されており、軸200a、200bは、トリガ軸35から略等距離にある。従って、トリガレバー36を操作することにより、軸200aと軸200bは反対方向に略等距離変位し、これに伴って、ロッド192aとロッド192bが反対方向(Z1方向とZ2方向)に略等距離変位する。このように、トリガ軸35、ロッド192a、192b、軸200a、200b、荷重リミッタ212及びトリガワイヤ214等は、トリガレバー36への入力操作を先端動作部12へと機械的に伝達する操作伝達部を構成している。勿論、該操作伝達部は、他の構成要素を含み又はいずれかの構成要素を省略してもよく、要は、トリガレバー36への入力操作によってロッド192a、192b等の伝達部材を進退できる構成であればよい。Theshaft 200a is disposed on the Y2 side of thetrigger shaft 35, theshaft 200b is disposed on the Y1 side of thetrigger shaft 35, and theshafts 200a and 200b are substantially equidistant from thetrigger shaft 35. Therefore, by operating thetrigger lever 36, theshaft 200a and theshaft 200b are displaced in the opposite directions by substantially the same distance, and accordingly, therod 192a and therod 192b are moved in the opposite directions (Z1 direction and Z2 direction). Displace. As described above, thetrigger shaft 35, therods 192a and 192b, theshafts 200a and 200b, theload limiter 212, thetrigger wire 214, and the like serve as an operation transmission unit that mechanically transmits the input operation to thetrigger lever 36 to the distalend operation unit 12. It is composed. Of course, the operation transmission unit may include other components or any of the components may be omitted. In short, a configuration in which the transmission member such as therods 192a and 192b can be advanced and retracted by an input operation to thetrigger lever 36. If it is.
 図3、図11及び図22Bに示すように、トリガレバー取付部32bを構成する一対の支持プレート201、201の上面(Y1方向面)において、プーリボックス32a寄りの位置には、両支持プレート201、201に渡ってバーコードプレート220が固定され、その表面にバーコード222が設けられている。As shown in FIGS. 3, 11, and 22 </ b> B, bothsupport plates 201 are located at positions near thepulley box 32 a on the upper surfaces (Y1 direction surfaces) of the pair ofsupport plates 201, 201 constituting the triggerlever mounting portion 32 b. 201, abarcode plate 220 is fixed, and abarcode 222 is provided on the surface thereof.
 バーコード222は、例えば略正方形のマトリックス形状であり、桝目に従って白及び黒が印刷された二次元バーコードであり、操作部14側に設けられたカメラ224により、ミラー226及び撮影窓227を介して撮像される(図6及び図20参照)。Thebarcode 222 is, for example, a substantially square matrix shape, and is a two-dimensional barcode printed with white and black according to the grid, and thecamera 224 provided on theoperation unit 14 side passes through themirror 226 and the photographingwindow 227. (See FIGS. 6 and 20).
 そこで、次に、バーコード222及びそれを撮像するカメラ224について説明する。Therefore, next, thebarcode 222 and thecamera 224 that images thebarcode 222 will be described.
 図3、図11及び図22Bに示すように、バーコード222は、XZ平面を構成するバーコードプレート220の上面(Y1方向面)に貼り付けられ、下部カバー37a、37bの合わせ面に形成される切欠230によって上部に露出している。バーコード222には、作業部16の個体情報、仕様、タイムスタンプ(製造日等)やシリアルナンバー、使用量(使用回数)上限等の情報が含まれている。バーコード222が保持している個体情報は、作業部毎に識別が可能なように異なる値が付与されている。また、バーコード222はミラー226を介して撮影されるため、鏡像となっている。ミラー226としては、例えば、PET(ポリエチレンテレフタレート)とアルミによる複合鏡等を用いるとよい。As shown in FIGS. 3, 11 and 22B, thebarcode 222 is attached to the upper surface (Y1 direction surface) of thebarcode plate 220 constituting the XZ plane, and is formed on the mating surface of thelower covers 37a and 37b. It is exposed to the upper part by thenotch 230. Thebarcode 222 includes individual information, specifications, time stamp (manufacturing date, etc.), serial number, usage amount (usage count) upper limit, etc. of the workingunit 16. The individual information held by thebarcode 222 is given a different value so that it can be identified for each working unit. Further, since thebarcode 222 is photographed through themirror 226, it is a mirror image. As themirror 226, for example, a composite mirror made of PET (polyethylene terephthalate) and aluminum may be used.
 バーコード222は1枚に限らず、複数枚からなる構成であってもよい。バーコード222が2枚からなる場合、一枚は個体情報、製造日、シリアルナンバー等の個体特有の情報を示し、もう一枚は仕様、使用量上限等の型式毎に共通的な情報を示すようにしてもよい。バーコード222は二次元データに限らず、一次元形状であってもよい。バーコード222における枡目の色は白及び黒に限らず、赤外線吸収色及び赤外線反射色であってもよく、又は3色以上の色の区別により情報を示すようにしてもよい。Thebarcode 222 is not limited to a single sheet, and may be composed of a plurality of sheets. When thebarcode 222 is composed of two pieces, one piece shows individual information such as individual information, production date, serial number, etc., and the other piece shows common information for each type such as specifications and upper limit of usage amount. You may do it. Thebarcode 222 is not limited to two-dimensional data, and may be a one-dimensional shape. The color of the grid in thebarcode 222 is not limited to white and black, but may be an infrared absorption color and an infrared reflection color, or information may be indicated by distinguishing three or more colors.
 図6及び図20に示すように、カメラ224は、操作部14を構成するモータ100、102の下部に配置され、一方の上部カバー25bの内面に固定されている。カメラ224のX方向両側部には、一対のLED224a、224aが設けられている(図7も参照)。カメラ224は、例えばCCD形式又はCMOS形式からなり、バーコード222を撮像するためのカメラである。As shown in FIGS. 6 and 20, thecamera 224 is disposed below themotors 100 and 102 constituting theoperation unit 14, and is fixed to the inner surface of oneupper cover 25b. A pair ofLEDs 224a and 224a are provided on both sides in the X direction of the camera 224 (see also FIG. 7). Thecamera 224 is a camera for imaging thebarcode 222, for example, having a CCD format or a CMOS format.
 図20に示すように、カメラ224は、撮像方向が反射鏡であるミラー226で屈曲されてバーコード222を撮像可能な向き(略Z1方向)に設定されており、つまり、屈曲方向(直交方向)に位置した被写体であるバーコード222を、ミラー226を介して撮像可能である。同様に、LED224aは、光軸がミラー226で屈曲されてバーコード222を照明する向き(略Z1方向)に設定されている。LED224aにより、カメラ224はバーコード222を一層確実に認識することができる。LED224aは、カメラ224を挟んで左右対称位置に設けられており、バーコード222をバランスよく照明することができる。LED224aは、カメラ224を挟んで上下に設けられていてもよく、等間隔に3以上設けられていてもよい。LED224aが十分な光量を有する場合には1つでもよい。As shown in FIG. 20, thecamera 224 is set in a direction (substantially Z1 direction) in which the imaging direction is bent by amirror 226 that is a reflecting mirror and thebarcode 222 can be imaged. Thebar code 222, which is the subject located at), can be imaged via themirror 226. Similarly, theLED 224a is set in a direction (approximately Z1 direction) in which the optical axis is bent by themirror 226 and thebarcode 222 is illuminated. TheLED 224a allows thecamera 224 to recognize thebarcode 222 more reliably. TheLEDs 224a are provided at symmetrical positions with thecamera 224 in between, and can illuminate thebarcode 222 with good balance. TheLEDs 224a may be provided above and below thecamera 224, or three or more LEDs may be provided at equal intervals. If theLED 224a has a sufficient amount of light, it may be one.
 ミラー226のY2方向には、上部カバー25を透過させる撮影窓227が設けられており(図20参照)、すなわち、操作部14において、カメラ224、LED224a及びミラー226は、上部カバー25内に収納されている(図2及び図6参照)。さらに、操作部14に作業部16が装着された状態では、上部カバー25及び下部カバー37によってバーコード222も略閉空間内に配置されるため、当該マニピュレータ10の使用時に、バーコード222及びカメラ224が血液等で汚れることを防止可能であると共に、不要な外乱光を遮蔽してLED224aによる安定した撮像が可能となる。また、バーコード222とカメラ224との相対的な位置及び向きが固定的であることから、カメラ224側では、バーコード222の位置及び向きを特定する必要がなく、これらを特定するためのコードが不要か又は少量で足り、その分、バーコード222における記録可能な情報量が多くなる、あるいは省スペースでの配置が可能となる。A photographingwindow 227 that allows the upper cover 25 to pass through is provided in the Y2 direction of the mirror 226 (see FIG. 20). That is, in theoperation unit 14, thecamera 224, theLED 224a, and themirror 226 are housed in the upper cover 25. (See FIGS. 2 and 6). Further, in a state where the workingunit 16 is mounted on theoperation unit 14, thebarcode 222 is also disposed in the substantially closed space by the upper cover 25 and the lower cover 37, so that thebarcode 222 and the camera are used when themanipulator 10 is used. The 224 can be prevented from being contaminated with blood or the like, and unnecessary disturbance light can be shielded to enable stable imaging with theLED 224a. In addition, since the relative position and orientation of thebarcode 222 and thecamera 224 are fixed, it is not necessary to specify the position and orientation of thebarcode 222 on thecamera 224 side, and a code for specifying them. Therefore, the amount of information that can be recorded on thebarcode 222 is increased, or a space-saving arrangement is possible.
 このようなバーコード222を作業部16に設けたことにより、操作部14及びコントローラ514では、カメラ224を用いて作業部16の個体情報を認識することができ、マニピュレータ10を構成するモータ100、102等を当該作業部16の種類(例えば、グリッパやはさみ、電気メス)に対応するように適切に且つ正確に駆動制御することができる。By providing such abarcode 222 in the workingunit 16, theoperation unit 14 and thecontroller 514 can recognize individual information of the workingunit 16 using thecamera 224, and themotor 100 constituting themanipulator 10, 102 and the like can be appropriately and accurately driven and controlled so as to correspond to the type of the working unit 16 (for example, gripper, scissors, electric knife).
 ここで、作業部16が操作部14に装着されたことは、着脱センサ314及び検出シャフト316(図7等参照)によって迅速に検出することができる。そこで、コントローラ514では、着脱センサ314による作業部16の装着の検出を、カメラ224及びLED224aを起動制御してバーコード222から個体信号を取得するためのトリガ信号とすることもできる。Here, the attachment of the workingunit 16 to theoperation unit 14 can be quickly detected by thedetachable sensor 314 and the detection shaft 316 (see FIG. 7 and the like). Therefore, in thecontroller 514, the detection of the attachment of the workingunit 16 by the attachment /detachment sensor 314 can be used as a trigger signal for acquiring the individual signal from thebarcode 222 by controlling the activation of thecamera 224 and theLED 224a.
 すなわち、コントローラ514は、作業部16が操作部14に装着されたと略同時に、カメラ224及びLED224aを駆動制御してバーコード222から個体信号を取得する。コントローラ514では、少なくとも作業部16が操作部14に装着されたときに個体信号を取得すれば足り、それ以外のときにはカメラ224及びLED224aの動作を停止しておくことができ、処理負荷が低減すると共に省電力化を図ることができる。さらに、バーコード222は直接的な通電の必要がなく操作部14及び作業部16には電気的接点が存在せず、しかもバッテリ等の蓄電体もないため一層省電力であると共に、操作部14から取り外した作業部16の洗浄や滅菌等を一層容易に行うことができる。That is, thecontroller 514 obtains an individual signal from thebarcode 222 by drivingly controlling thecamera 224 and theLED 224a substantially simultaneously with theoperation unit 16 being mounted on theoperation unit 14. In thecontroller 514, it is only necessary to acquire the individual signal at least when the workingunit 16 is attached to theoperation unit 14, and the operation of thecamera 224 and theLED 224a can be stopped at other times, thereby reducing the processing load. In addition, power saving can be achieved. Further, thebar code 222 does not need to be directly energized, theoperation unit 14 and thework unit 16 have no electrical contacts, and there is no power storage unit such as a battery, so that the power consumption is further reduced. It is possible to more easily perform cleaning, sterilization, and the like of the workingunit 16 removed from the apparatus.
 図20から諒解されるように、カメラ224とバーコード222とを、ミラー226を介して屈曲させて配置したことにより、カメラ224がバーコード222を読み取るために必要な焦点距離(例えば、50mm程度)を容易に確保することができる。すなわち、例えば、カメラ224をバーコード222の鉛直上方(Y1方向)で下向きに配置すると、カメラ224がモータ100、102等よりも上方に設置されるため、操作部14(上部カバー25)を特にY方向に大型化する必要があり、当該マニピュレータ10も大型化する。これに対し、ミラー226を設けたことにより、操作部14の長手方向(Z方向)のスペースを有効に利用してカメラ224を設置することが可能となる。特に本実施形態のように、モータ100、102をZ方向に沿って横置きした構造の場合には、該モータ100、102の下の空きスペースをカメラ224の設置スペースとして有効に利用することができる。As can be understood from FIG. 20, thecamera 224 and thebarcode 222 are arranged to be bent through themirror 226, so that thecamera 224 has a focal length (for example, about 50 mm) necessary for reading the barcode 222. ) Can be secured easily. That is, for example, when thecamera 224 is disposed vertically downward (Y1 direction) of thebarcode 222, thecamera 224 is installed above themotors 100, 102, etc., so that the operation unit 14 (upper cover 25) is particularly arranged. It is necessary to increase the size in the Y direction, and themanipulator 10 is also increased in size. On the other hand, by providing themirror 226, thecamera 224 can be installed by effectively using the space in the longitudinal direction (Z direction) of theoperation unit 14. Particularly in the case of a structure in which themotors 100 and 102 are placed horizontally along the Z direction as in the present embodiment, the empty space under themotors 100 and 102 can be effectively used as an installation space for thecamera 224. it can.
 図20に示す構成の場合、カメラ224によるバーコード222の読み取り方向がミラー226を介して略直角に設定されているが、例えば、図21に示すように、カメラ224によるバーコード222の読み取り方向を傾斜させた構成とすることもできる。In the case of the configuration shown in FIG. 20, the reading direction of thebarcode 222 by thecamera 224 is set at a substantially right angle through themirror 226. For example, the reading direction of thebarcode 222 by thecamera 224 is shown in FIG. It can also be set as the structure which inclined.
 図21に示す構成例では、カメラ224によるバーコード222の読み取り方向がZ2側に傾斜しており、ミラー226を介してバーコード222を斜め方向から撮像する構造となっている。In the configuration example shown in FIG. 21, the reading direction of thebarcode 222 by thecamera 224 is inclined to the Z2 side, and thebarcode 222 is imaged from an oblique direction via themirror 226.
 この構成によれば、図21中に2点鎖線で示す略直角での読み取り方向の場合と比べて、ミラー226からバーコード222までの距離を延長することができる。このため、カメラ224からバーコード222までの焦点距離を一層容易に確保することができ、例えば、図20に示す構成に比べてカメラ224の位置をZ1方向にずらすこともでき、操作部14(上部カバー25)の一層の小型化が可能となる。According to this configuration, the distance from themirror 226 to thebarcode 222 can be extended compared to the case of the reading direction at a substantially right angle indicated by a two-dot chain line in FIG. For this reason, the focal distance from thecamera 224 to thebarcode 222 can be secured more easily. For example, the position of thecamera 224 can be shifted in the Z1 direction as compared with the configuration shown in FIG. The upper cover 25) can be further reduced in size.
 さらに、カメラ224と並設された照明用のLED224aからの光は、ミラー226及び撮影窓227を介してバーコード222を照らすが、この際、図21から諒解されるように、撮影窓227の表面で反射された光がカメラ224へと戻ることがない。このため、LED224aの照明光の反射によってバーコード222の読み取り精度が低下することを防止することができる。なお、バーコード222ができるだけカメラ224の正面を向くように、バーコード222をX軸回りに適宜回転させ傾けた状態(図21におけるバーコード222の右側を上に上げた状態)で配置してもよい。Further, the light from theLED 224a for illumination arranged in parallel with thecamera 224 illuminates thebarcode 222 through themirror 226 and theimaging window 227. At this time, as can be understood from FIG. Light reflected from the surface does not return to thecamera 224. For this reason, it is possible to prevent the reading accuracy of thebarcode 222 from being lowered due to the reflection of the illumination light of theLED 224a. Thebarcode 222 is appropriately rotated around the X axis and tilted (the right side of thebarcode 222 in FIG. 21 is raised upward) so that thebarcode 222 faces the front of thecamera 224 as much as possible. Also good.
 次に、操作部14側のマスタスイッチ34及び複合入力部24について説明する。Next, themaster switch 34 and thecomposite input unit 24 on theoperation unit 14 side will be described.
 マスタスイッチ34(図1及び図6参照)は、マニピュレータ10の動作状態の有効又は無効を設定するための入力手段であり、その操作は入力検出部(トグルスイッチ又はタクトスイッチ等)350によって検出され、検出された信号がコントローラ514に供給される。LED29は、マニピュレータ10の制御状態を示すインジケータであり、操作者が容易に認識可能な大きさであり、且つ操作に支障がない程度に十分に小型軽量である。LED29は、上部カバー25の頂面(Y1方向面)における略中央部で、視認性のよい位置に設けられており、マスタスイッチ34と並んで配置されている。LED29は、例えば、マスタスイッチ34によるON操作に同期して点灯等をするため、操作者はマスタスイッチ34の操作をしながらその入力状態をLED29により確実に認識することができる。LED29は、例えば、緑色及び赤色をそれぞれ発光可能であり、さらに各色につき点灯及び点滅が可能である。The master switch 34 (see FIGS. 1 and 6) is an input means for setting whether the operation state of themanipulator 10 is valid or invalid, and its operation is detected by an input detection unit (such as a toggle switch or a tact switch) 350. The detected signal is supplied to thecontroller 514. TheLED 29 is an indicator that indicates the control state of themanipulator 10, has a size that can be easily recognized by the operator, and is sufficiently small and light enough that there is no hindrance to the operation. TheLED 29 is provided at a position with good visibility at a substantially central portion on the top surface (Y1 direction surface) of the upper cover 25, and is arranged side by side with themaster switch 34. For example, since theLED 29 is turned on in synchronization with the ON operation by themaster switch 34, the operator can surely recognize the input state by theLED 29 while operating themaster switch 34. TheLED 29 can emit, for example, green and red, and can be turned on and off for each color.
 図6及び図7に示すように、マスタスイッチ34は、一方の上部カバー25bの内面に支持部材352を介して固定された基板354上に配置され、上部カバー25内の部分がスイッチカバー356によって外部から密封されている。As shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, themaster switch 34 is disposed on asubstrate 354 fixed to the inner surface of oneupper cover 25 b via asupport member 352, and a portion in the upper cover 25 is formed by theswitch cover 356. Sealed from the outside.
 コントローラ514(図1参照)では、マスタスイッチ34の入力状態を読み込み、オンされた際に後述する原点サーチ動作を行ってマニピュレータ10を所定の使用可能状態に駆動制御する。これにより、操作部14の操作指令が有効となり、先端動作部12に所望の動作を付与することが可能となる。The controller 514 (see FIG. 1) reads the input state of themaster switch 34, and when it is turned on, performs an origin search operation described later to drive-control themanipulator 10 to a predetermined usable state. Thereby, the operation command of theoperation unit 14 becomes valid, and a desired operation can be given to the distalend operation unit 12.
 図4及び図5に示すように、複合入力部24は、Z軸(Y軸)を中心としてX1方向及びX2方向に対称な構造であり、先端動作部12に対してロール方向(軸回転方向)及びヨー方向(左右方向)の回転指令を与える複合的な入力部である。グリップハンドル26の上面は、Z1方向に向けてY1方向に上がる傾斜面26aとなっており、複合入力部24はこの傾斜面26aに設けられている。傾斜面26aの傾斜角は、グリップハンドル26を人手で把持したときに複合入力部24が親指又は人差し指で操作し易い角度であり、Z方向を基準として20°~35°程度が好適である。As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, thecomposite input unit 24 has a symmetrical structure in the X1 direction and the X2 direction around the Z axis (Y axis), and is in the roll direction (axial rotation direction) with respect to the distal end working unit 12. ) And a yaw direction (left-right direction) rotation command. The upper surface of the grip handle 26 is aninclined surface 26a that rises in the Y1 direction toward the Z1 direction, and thecomposite input unit 24 is provided on theinclined surface 26a. The inclination angle of theinclined surface 26a is an angle at which thecomposite input unit 24 can be easily operated with the thumb or index finger when the grip handle 26 is gripped by hand, and is preferably about 20 ° to 35 ° with respect to the Z direction.
 複合入力部24は、傾斜面26aに配置されたセンサホルダ52によって支持されており、傾斜面26aのZ1側(Y1側)の回転操作部54と、そのZ2側(Y2側)に設けられた傾動操作部56と、傾動操作部56の下部側面にそれぞれ配設された3つのスイッチ操作子58a、58b、58cとを有する。Thecomposite input unit 24 is supported by thesensor holder 52 disposed on theinclined surface 26a, and is provided on the Z1 side (Y1 side) of theinclined surface 26a and on the Z2 side (Y2 side) thereof. Thetilt operation unit 56 includes threeswitch operators 58a, 58b, and 58c disposed on the lower side surface of thetilt operation unit 56, respectively.
 図5に示すように、センサホルダ52内には、スイッチ基板62が設けられ、該スイッチ基板62には、回転操作部54への入力操作を検出する入力検出部(タクトスイッチ)66aと、傾動操作部56への入力操作を検出する入力検出部(タクトスイッチ)66bと、スイッチ操作子58a~58cへの入力操作を検出する入力検出部(タクトスイッチ)66c~66eとが設けられる。このような複合入力部24により、モータ100、102、駆動シャフト115、116及びプーリ158a、158bが駆動され、可撓性部材であるワイヤ1052、1054を介して先端動作部12をロール方向及びヨー方向に動作させることができる。As shown in FIG. 5, aswitch substrate 62 is provided in thesensor holder 52, and theswitch substrate 62 is tilted with an input detection unit (tact switch) 66 a that detects an input operation to therotation operation unit 54. An input detection unit (tact switch) 66b for detecting an input operation to theoperation unit 56 and input detection units (tact switches) 66c to 66e for detecting an input operation to theswitch operators 58a to 58c are provided. Thecomposite input unit 24 drives themotors 100 and 102, thedrive shafts 115 and 116, and thepulleys 158a and 158b, and moves thetip operation unit 12 in the roll direction and yaw through thewires 1052 and 1054 which are flexible members. Can be operated in the direction.
 スイッチ操作子58bは、回転操作部54及び傾動操作部56の有効及び無効の切換や、ヨー軸機構(ピボット軸機構)を所定の初期姿勢に戻す(一度押すと初期姿勢まで自動的に移動し、停止する)、又は初期姿勢方向に移動させる(押しているときだけ初期姿勢方向に移動し、初期姿勢になったら自動的に停止する)ためのスイッチとして用いるとよい。Theswitch operator 58b switches between valid / invalid of therotation operation unit 54 and thetilt operation unit 56 and returns the yaw axis mechanism (pivot axis mechanism) to a predetermined initial position (once it is pressed once, it automatically moves to the initial position). , Stop) or move in the initial posture direction (moves in the initial posture direction only when pressed, and automatically stops when the initial posture is reached).
 スイッチ操作子58a及び58cは、ロール回転機構を所定の初期姿勢に戻す、又は初期姿勢方向に移動させるためのスイッチとして用いるとよい。スイッチ操作子58a及び58cは、全く同一の機能を有するスイッチとして左右に配置することで、操作者が操作部14を右手で把持した場合でも左手で把持した場合でも問題なく、同様の操作をすることができる。具体的には、右手操作の場合及び左手操作のいずれの場合にも、例えば親指による同様の操作が可能である。また、現在のロール回転機構の位置(正領域か負領域か)を意識せずにロール回転機構を所定の初期姿勢まで戻し、又は初期姿勢方向に移動させることができる。Theswitch operators 58a and 58c are preferably used as switches for returning the roll rotation mechanism to a predetermined initial posture or moving it in the initial posture direction. Theswitch operators 58a and 58c are arranged on the left and right as switches having exactly the same function, so that the operator can perform the same operation without any problem regardless of whether the operator grips theoperation unit 14 with the right hand or the left hand. be able to. Specifically, the same operation with the thumb, for example, is possible in both the right-hand operation and the left-hand operation. Also, the roll rotation mechanism can be returned to a predetermined initial posture or moved in the initial posture direction without being aware of the current position of the roll rotation mechanism (positive region or negative region).
 図5に示すように、回転操作部54は、YZ方向に沿う軸(図示せず)を中心として回動可能な構成であり、X1方向及びX2方向にそれぞれ伸びたレバー72aと、両レバー72a、72aの間でX、Y、Z方向に適度に膨出して3方に切欠72bを設けた操作子72cとを有する。レバー72aの左右両端は、表面に滑り止め用の多数の筋が設けられた半円形状となっている。操作子72cは、初期位置の状態で上部カバー25a、25bと連続的な面(平面又は曲面)を構成しており(図4参照)、無駄な突起や段差等がなく、外観上で好適であるとともに、操作もし易い形状とされている。As shown in FIG. 5, therotation operation unit 54 is configured to be rotatable about an axis (not shown) along the YZ direction, and alever 72a extending in the X1 direction and the X2 direction, and bothlevers 72a. , 72a, and amanipulator 72c provided withnotches 72b in three directions that swell appropriately in the X, Y, and Z directions. The left and right ends of thelever 72a have a semicircular shape with a number of anti-slip lines on the surface. Theoperation element 72c forms a continuous surface (a flat surface or a curved surface) with theupper covers 25a and 25b in the initial position (see FIG. 4), and has no useless protrusions or steps, which is preferable in appearance. In addition, the shape is easy to operate.
 回転操作部54は、操作子72cの切欠72bを指で周方向に向かう回動操作がなされ、ロール回動機構を動作させる機能を有する。このように外周面に指掛け部が設けられている回転操作部54によれば、前記YZ方向に沿う軸を中心とした回動操作がなされ、ロール回動機構についての直感的な操作性が得られる。また、指掛け部が傾動操作部56の端部よりも外径側に設けられていることにより、該傾動操作部56との使い分けが容易である。Therotation operation unit 54 has a function of rotating thenotch 72b of theoperation element 72c in the circumferential direction with a finger and operating the roll rotation mechanism. As described above, according to therotation operation unit 54 having the finger rest on the outer peripheral surface, the rotation operation is performed around the axis along the YZ direction, and an intuitive operability of the roll rotation mechanism is obtained. It is done. In addition, since the finger-hanging portion is provided on the outer diameter side of the end portion of thetilt operation portion 56, it is easy to use the finger hook portion with thetilt operation portion 56.
 図5に示すように、傾動操作部56は、YZ方向に沿う軸74を中心として傾動可能な傾動板76を設けた構成である。軸74はX方向に関して複合入力部24の中心となっている。傾動操作部56は、傾動板76を指で押し込むことによる傾動操作がなされ、ヨー軸機構(ピボット軸機構)を動作させる機能を有する。As shown in FIG. 5, the tiltingoperation unit 56 is provided with a tiltingplate 76 that can tilt around anaxis 74 along the YZ direction. Theshaft 74 is the center of thecomposite input unit 24 in the X direction. Thetilt operation unit 56 has a function of operating a yaw shaft mechanism (pivot shaft mechanism) by performing a tilt operation by pushing thetilt plate 76 with a finger.
 このように、複合入力部24において、回転操作部54は周方向に向かう回動操作がなされ、傾動操作部56は押し込むことによる傾動操作がなされ、このような操作方法の違いにより、ロール回動機構とヨー(ピボット)軸機構との対応付けが容易に理解され、より直感的な操作が可能となる。As described above, in thecomposite input unit 24, therotation operation unit 54 is rotated in the circumferential direction, and thetilt operation unit 56 is tilted by being pushed. The correspondence between the mechanism and the yaw (pivot) shaft mechanism is easily understood, and a more intuitive operation is possible.
 また、センサホルダ52は、上部カバー25と密着して当該複合入力部24の周囲をシールする機能も有し、複合入力部24の周辺から液体等が上部カバー25内に浸入することを防止している。勿論、センサホルダ52と別体のシール部材を配設してもよい。Thesensor holder 52 also has a function of tightly contacting the upper cover 25 and sealing the periphery of thecomposite input unit 24, and prevents liquid or the like from entering the upper cover 25 from the periphery of thecomposite input unit 24. ing. Of course, a seal member separate from thesensor holder 52 may be provided.
 以上より、操作部14において上部カバー25内は、複合入力部24の周辺がセンサホルダ52によりシールされ(図4及び図6参照)、マスタスイッチ34の周辺がスイッチカバー356によりシールされ(図6参照)、カメラ224及びミラー226とバーコード222との間が撮影窓227によりシールされ(図6及び図20参照)、上部ブラケット104の底面周辺がOリング105、131、320、326、328によりシールされ(図6、図9及び図10参照)、これにより密封されている。従って、血液や洗浄液等が上部カバー25内に浸入することを防止でき、作業部16と分離した状態であっても操作部14の洗浄や滅菌等が容易となる。As described above, in the upper cover 25 of theoperation unit 14, the periphery of thecomposite input unit 24 is sealed by the sensor holder 52 (see FIGS. 4 and 6), and the periphery of themaster switch 34 is sealed by the switch cover 356 (FIG. 6). Between thecamera 224 andmirror 226 and thebarcode 222 is sealed by the photographing window 227 (see FIGS. 6 and 20), and the bottom surface of theupper bracket 104 is surrounded by O-rings 105, 131, 320, 326, and 328. Sealed (see FIGS. 6, 9 and 10) and sealed by this. Accordingly, it is possible to prevent blood, a cleaning solution, and the like from entering the upper cover 25, and theoperation unit 14 can be easily cleaned and sterilized even when separated from the workingunit 16.
 次に、操作部14(駆動部30)と作業部16との着脱の構成について説明する。Next, a configuration for attaching and detaching the operation unit 14 (drive unit 30) and the workingunit 16 will be described.
 図2及び図6に示すように、駆動部30は上部カバー25内に収納されており、操作部14及び作業部16が分離された状態において、上部カバー25の下面側(Y2方向)からギア機構部106等を支持する上部ブラケット104の底面が露呈する。As shown in FIGS. 2 and 6, thedrive unit 30 is housed in the upper cover 25, and the gear from the lower surface side (Y2 direction) of the upper cover 25 in a state where theoperation unit 14 and the workingunit 16 are separated. The bottom surface of theupper bracket 104 that supports themechanism unit 106 and the like is exposed.
 図2及び図22Aに示すように、上部カバー25から露出している上部ブラケット104の底面からは、駆動シャフト115、116と、各駆動シャフト115、116に対応する係合凸部137、138と、各係合凸部137、138に対応するカップリングセンサ306、308の検出シャフト310、312と、着脱センサ314の検出シャフト316とがY2方向に突出している。さらに、上部ブラケット104の底面からは、一対のガイドピン163、163がY2方向に突出している。各ガイドピン163近傍の上部カバー25aのX1方向面及び上部カバー25bのX2方向面に形成された凹部399、399内には、下端側が上部カバー25からY2方向に突出した着脱レバー400、400がそれぞれ設けられている。As shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 22A, from the bottom surface of theupper bracket 104 exposed from the upper cover 25, thedrive shafts 115 and 116 and the engagementconvex portions 137 and 138 corresponding to thedrive shafts 115 and 116, Thedetection shafts 310 and 312 of thecoupling sensors 306 and 308 corresponding to the engagementconvex portions 137 and 138 and thedetection shaft 316 of the attachment /detachment sensor 314 protrude in the Y2 direction. Further, a pair of guide pins 163 and 163 protrude in the Y2 direction from the bottom surface of theupper bracket 104. In therecesses 399 and 399 formed in the X1 direction surface of theupper cover 25a and the X2 direction surface of theupper cover 25b in the vicinity of eachguide pin 163, thedetachable levers 400 and 400 whose lower ends protrude from the upper cover 25 in the Y2 direction are provided. Each is provided.
 2本のガイドピン163、163は、下部ブラケット32の2つのピン穴161、161に対向する位置で、上部ブラケット104の底面Z2方向端のX方向両端にそれぞれ設けられている(図6、図22A及び図22B参照)。The twoguide pins 163 and 163 are provided at both ends in the X direction of the bottom Z2 direction end of theupper bracket 104 at positions opposed to the twopin holes 161 and 161 of the lower bracket 32 (FIG. 6, FIG. 22A and FIG. 22B).
 図1及び図2に示すように、2つの着脱レバー400、400は、駆動部30を覆う上部カバー25の左右側面(X1及びX2側面)に対称に設けられており、Z方向に沿った回動軸400aの上部(Y1側)に設けられた一対の弾性部材400b、400bにより、Y2方向端の内側に形成された爪部400cが上部カバー25の内側に向かう方向で弾性的に付勢されている。着脱レバー400の上部表面(Y1側)はやや窪んでおり、弾性部材400bの付勢力に抗して当該着脱レバー400を開放させるために指で押圧する操作面400dを構成している。As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the two attachment / detachment levers 400 and 400 are provided symmetrically on the left and right side surfaces (X1 and X2 side surfaces) of the upper cover 25 that covers the drivingunit 30, and are rotated along the Z direction. By a pair ofelastic members 400b and 400b provided on the upper portion (Y1 side) of the movingshaft 400a, theclaw portion 400c formed on the inner side of the Y2 direction end is elastically biased in the direction toward the inner side of the upper cover 25. ing. The upper surface (Y1 side) of thedetachable lever 400 is slightly depressed, and constitutes anoperation surface 400d that is pressed by a finger to open thedetachable lever 400 against the urging force of theelastic member 400b.
 このような着脱レバー400によれば、操作部14が作業部16に装着される際には、爪部400cが、下部カバー37のX方向両側面に形成された凹部401内に固定された係止部401aに係合する。これにより、操作部14と作業部16とを確実に連結し固定することができる。一方、操作部14及び作業部16が装着された状態で、2つの操作面400d、400dを略同時に内側へと押圧することにより、爪部400cと係止部401aとの係合状態が解除され、操作部14と作業部16とを分離させることができる。According to such adetachable lever 400, when theoperation unit 14 is attached to the workingunit 16, theclaw portions 400 c are fixed in therecesses 401 formed on both side surfaces in the X direction of the lower cover 37. Engage with thestop 401a. Thereby, theoperation part 14 and the workingpart 16 can be reliably connected and fixed. On the other hand, by pressing the twooperation surfaces 400d and 400d inwardly at the same time with theoperation unit 14 and the workingunit 16 mounted, the engagement state between theclaw portion 400c and the lockingportion 401a is released. Theoperation unit 14 and the workingunit 16 can be separated.
 操作部14及び作業部16の装着時には、2本並列して設けられたガイドピン163が作業部16側の2つのピン穴161に嵌挿されるため、駆動部30(操作部14)は作業部16に対して確実に位置決めされ、安定して保持される。勿論、ガイドピンは3本以上としてもよい。ガイドピン163は、X-Z平面内に作用するモーメントを受けることができ、係合部やプーリ、駆動シャフト等に加わる力を低減することができる。When the operatingunit 14 and the workingunit 16 are mounted, twoguide pins 163 provided in parallel are fitted into the twopin holes 161 on the workingunit 16 side, so that the drive unit 30 (the operating unit 14) is the working unit. 16 is reliably positioned and stably held. Of course, three or more guide pins may be used. Theguide pin 163 can receive a moment acting in the XZ plane, and can reduce the force applied to the engaging portion, the pulley, the drive shaft, and the like.
 さらに、図2、図3及び図6に示すように、このような装着時には、上部カバー25の底面側(Y2側)でグリップハンドル26の根元近傍に形成された位置決め凹部406に対し、下部カバー37のZ2方向端に形成された位置決め凸部408が係合する。これにより、操作部14と作業部16とを一層確実に位置決めすることができ、しかも装着後における操作部14と作業部16との間でのねじり方向等での剛性を高めることができる。Further, as shown in FIGS. 2, 3 and 6, when mounting, the lower cover is positioned against thepositioning recess 406 formed near the base of the grip handle 26 on the bottom surface side (Y2 side) of the upper cover 25. The positioningconvex part 408 formed at the Z2 direction end of 37 is engaged. Thereby, theoperation part 14 and the workingpart 16 can be positioned more reliably, and the rigidity in the torsional direction and the like between theoperation part 14 and the workingpart 16 after mounting can be increased.
 図2及び図22Aに示すように、駆動シャフト115(116)の先端(Y2方向端)に設けられた係合凸部137(138)には、軸中心から放射状に延びた円弧状の複数(5つ)の凸部として、1つの大凸部402aと、4つの小凸部402bとが設けられている。図22Aから諒解されるように、大凸部402aは、均等に配置された6つの小凸部のうちの2つを連結した形状となっている。As shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 22A, the engagement convex portion 137 (138) provided at the tip (Y2 direction end) of the drive shaft 115 (116) has a plurality of arc-shaped ( As five (5) convex portions, one largeconvex portion 402a and four smallconvex portions 402b are provided. As understood from FIG. 22A, the largeconvex portion 402a has a shape in which two of the six small convex portions arranged evenly are connected.
 一方、図3及び図22Bに示すように、プーリ158a(158b)の先端(Y1方向端)に設けられた係合凹部176a(176b)には、前記係合凸部137(138)の形状に対応し、軸中心から放射状に延びた円弧状の複数(5つ)の凹部として、1つの大凹部404aと、4つの小凹部404bとが設けられている。図22Bから諒解されるように、大凹部404aは、均等に配置された6つの小凹部のうちの2つを連結した形状となっている。さらに、これら大凹部404a及び小凹部404bを設けた溝部の中心には、Y2方向にさらに深い中央凹部404cが設けられている。中央凹部404cは、係合凸部137、138の中心からY2方向に突出した駆動シャフト115、116先端の逃げ部であり(図25B参照)、同軸となるように位置決めするためのガイドの機能も有する。On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 3 and FIG. 22B, theengagement recess 176a (176b) provided at the tip (Y1 direction end) of thepulley 158a (158b) has the shape of the engagement protrusion 137 (138). Correspondingly, one largeconcave portion 404a and four smallconcave portions 404b are provided as a plurality (five) of circular arc-shaped concave portions extending radially from the axial center. As can be understood from FIG. 22B, the largeconcave portion 404a has a shape in which two of the six small concave portions arranged uniformly are connected. Furthermore, acentral recess 404c that is deeper in the Y2 direction is provided at the center of the groove provided with thelarge recess 404a and thesmall recess 404b. The centralconcave portion 404c is a relief portion at the tip of thedrive shafts 115 and 116 protruding in the Y2 direction from the centers of the engagingconvex portions 137 and 138 (see FIG. 25B), and also has a function of a guide for positioning so as to be coaxial. Have.
 図22A及び図22Bから諒解されるように、係合凸部137、138と係合凹部176a、176bとは、互いに所定の係合位相にある状態で係合可能である。すなわち、大凸部402aと大凹部404aとが係合し、且つ、全ての小凸部402bと小凹部404bとが係合し、これにより、操作部14と作業部16とが装着された状態で、モータ100、102の回転駆動力を、駆動シャフト115、116からプーリ158a、158bへと確実に伝達することができる。22A and 22B, the engagingconvex portions 137 and 138 and the engagingconcave portions 176a and 176b can be engaged with each other in a state where they are in a predetermined engaging phase. That is, the largeconvex portion 402a and the largeconcave portion 404a are engaged, and all the smallconvex portions 402b and the smallconcave portions 404b are engaged, whereby theoperation portion 14 and the workingportion 16 are mounted. Thus, the rotational driving force of themotors 100 and 102 can be reliably transmitted from thedrive shafts 115 and 116 to thepulleys 158a and 158b.
 この際、係合凸部137(138)は、駆動シャフト115(116)の波形部115c(116c)に対して挿通されているため、該駆動シャフト115(116)と共に回転する。さらに、係合凸部137(138)と係合凹部176a(176b)とは、周方向に複数配置された大凸部402a及び小凸部402bと大凹部404a及び小凹部404bとが互いに噛合っているため、駆動シャフト115(116)の回転駆動力を一層確実にプーリ158a(158b)へと伝達することができる。なお、駆動シャフト115(116)側に係合凹部を設け、プーリ158a(158b)側に係合凸部を設けるようにしてもよい。At this time, since the engaging convex portion 137 (138) is inserted into thecorrugated portion 115c (116c) of the driving shaft 115 (116), it rotates together with the driving shaft 115 (116). Further, the engaging convex portion 137 (138) and the engagingconcave portion 176a (176b) are configured such that a plurality of largeconvex portions 402a and smallconvex portions 402b and largeconcave portions 404a and smallconcave portions 404b arranged in the circumferential direction mesh with each other. Therefore, the rotational driving force of the drive shaft 115 (116) can be transmitted to thepulley 158a (158b) more reliably. An engagement recess may be provided on the drive shaft 115 (116) side, and an engagement protrusion may be provided on thepulley 158a (158b) side.
 以上のように、駆動部30側の係合凸部137、138は、駆動シャフト115、116を回転軸として回転可能である(図22A参照)。同様に、作業部16側の係合凹部176a、176bは、プーリ158a、158bを回転軸として回転可能であるが(図22B参照)、その回転範囲は、ストッパ179aと当接部177a、177bとの当接による規制作用により、所定の正転範囲(図14A中の矢印+θ参照)及び逆転範囲(図14A中の矢印-θ参照)に規制されている。As described above, the engagementconvex portions 137 and 138 on thedrive unit 30 side can rotate about thedrive shafts 115 and 116 as rotation axes (see FIG. 22A). Similarly, theengagement recesses 176a and 176b on the workingunit 16 side can be rotated about thepulleys 158a and 158b as rotation axes (see FIG. 22B), but the rotation range thereof is thestopper 179a and thecontact portions 177a and 177b. Are regulated to a predetermined forward rotation range (see arrow + θ in FIG. 14A) and reverse rotation range (see arrow −θ in FIG. 14A).
 なお、プーリ158a、158bの回転範囲は、他の構造によって規制してもよく、例えば、図23に示すように、プーリ158a、158b(係合凹部176a、176b)に、その外径方向に突出した当接部(当接部材)177cを設け、下部ブラケット32の上面(Y1方向面)に、前記当接部177cが所定の正転及び逆転を行った際に当接し、それ以上の回転を規制するストッパ179bを設けてもよい。これらの当接部177c及びストッパ179bは、上記の当接部177a、177b及びストッパ179aの構造のように、係合凹部176a、176bの下部に形成した円弧切欠部177(図12及び図14A参照)内に配置されるように構成してもよい。The rotation range of thepulleys 158a and 158b may be restricted by other structures. For example, as shown in FIG. 23, thepulleys 158a and 158b (engagingrecesses 176a and 176b) protrude in the outer diameter direction. The abutting portion (abutting member) 177c is provided, and abuts on the upper surface (Y1 direction surface) of thelower bracket 32 when the abuttingportion 177c performs predetermined forward rotation and reverse rotation, and further rotates. Astopper 179b for regulating may be provided. Thesecontact portions 177c andstoppers 179b are arc-shaped notches 177 (see FIGS. 12 and 14A) formed in the lower portions of theengagement recesses 176a and 176b as in the structure of thecontact portions 177a and 177b and thestopper 179a. ).
 また、係合凸部137、138及び係合凹部176a、176bは、それぞれ中心から放射状に延びた凸部及び凹部のうち、他より大きな1つの大凸部402a及び大凹部404aを持ち、回転中心に対して非対称な形状とされている(図22A及び図22B参照)。The engagingconvex portions 137 and 138 and the engagingconcave portions 176a and 176b have one largeconvex portion 402a and a largeconcave portion 404a larger than the other among the convex portions and concave portions extending radially from the center, respectively. (See FIGS. 22A and 22B).
 従って、一方の係合凸部137及び係合凹部176aと、他方の係合凸部138及び係合凹部176bとは、それぞれ図24Bに示すように、互いの大凸部402aと大凹部404aとが一致した場合、つまり単一の回転角度(位相)でのみ係合可能であり、図24Aに示すように、それ以外の回転角度(位相)では構造的に係合不能となっている。すなわち、操作部14と作業部16との装着時、係合凸部137(138)と係合凹部176a(176b)とが互いに係合不能な回転位相である場合には、係合可能な回転位相に駆動制御する係合動作(カップリング動作)が必要である。さらに、係合動作の終了後には、コントローラ514が先端動作部12を正確に且つ精度よく駆動制御するため、先端動作部12を所定の原点姿勢(図1、図54及び図56参照)とし、モータ100、102を所定の原点位相とすべく、ワイヤ1052、1054を往復駆動するプーリ158a、158b及び駆動シャフト115、116と、モータ100、102の回転位相を原点に復帰させる原点サーチ動作を実施する必要がある。Accordingly, as shown in FIG. 24B, the one engagingconvex portion 137 and the engagingconcave portion 176a, and the other engagingconvex portion 138 and the engagingconcave portion 176b are respectively a largeconvex portion 402a and a largeconcave portion 404a. Can be engaged only at a single rotation angle (phase), and, as shown in FIG. 24A, the engagement is structurally impossible at other rotation angles (phases). That is, when the operatingportion 14 and the workingportion 16 are mounted, if the engaging convex portion 137 (138) and the engagingconcave portion 176a (176b) are in a rotational phase in which they cannot be engaged with each other, the engaging rotation is possible. An engagement operation (coupling operation) that drives and controls the phase is required. Furthermore, after the engagement operation is completed, thecontroller 514 controls the distalend working unit 12 accurately and accurately, so that the distalend working unit 12 has a predetermined origin posture (see FIGS. 1, 54, and 56), In order to set themotors 100 and 102 to the predetermined origin phase, thepulleys 158a and 158b and thedrive shafts 115 and 116 for reciprocatingly driving thewires 1052 and 1054 and the origin search operation for returning the rotation phases of themotors 100 and 102 to the origin are performed. There is a need to.
 なお、係合凸部137、138と係合凹部176a、176bとは、上記のように、単一の位相でのみ互いに係合可能に構成する以外にも、複数の位相で係合可能に構成することも可能であるが、詳細は後述する。また、大凸部402aと大凹部404aとを一致させる係合構造以外にも、小凸部402bと小凹部404bとを一致させる係合構造等、各種の構造でもよく、要は、所定の位相で係合凸部と係合凹部とが互いに係合し、回転力を伝達可能なものであればよい。また、係合凸部137や係合凹部176a等の形状は、他の形状であっても当然よく、要は、駆動シャフト115、116からの回転駆動力を従動軸であるプーリ158a、158bに確実に伝達可能且つ着脱可能な形状であればよい。The engagingconvex portions 137 and 138 and the engagingconcave portions 176a and 176b are configured to be engageable in a plurality of phases in addition to being configured to engage with each other only in a single phase as described above. It is possible to do this, but details will be described later. In addition to the engagement structure in which the largeconvex portion 402a and the largeconcave portion 404a are matched, various structures such as an engagement structure in which the smallconvex portion 402b and the smallconcave portion 404b are matched may be used. As long as the engaging convex portion and the engaging concave portion are engaged with each other, the rotational force can be transmitted. Also, the shape of the engagingconvex portion 137, the engagingconcave portion 176a, etc. may be other shapes. In short, the rotational driving force from thedrive shafts 115, 116 is applied to thepulleys 158a, 158b which are driven shafts. Any shape that can be reliably transmitted and detachable may be used.
 次に、係合凸部137(138)と係合凹部176a(176b)との係合動作(カップリング動作)及びこの係合動作と共に実施される原点サーチ動作について説明する。なお、一方の係合凸部137及び係合凹部176aの係合動作及び原点サーチ動作と、他方の係合凸部138及び係合凹部176bの係合動作及び原点サーチ動作とは略同様である。このため、以下では一方の係合凸部137及び係合凹部176aの係合動作及び原点サーチ動作について代表的に説明する。Next, an engagement operation (coupling operation) between the engagement convex portion 137 (138) and the engagementconcave portion 176a (176b) and an origin search operation performed along with this engagement operation will be described. Note that the engagement operation and origin search operation of one engagementconvex portion 137 and theengagement recess portion 176a and the engagement operation and origin search operation of the otherengagement projection portion 138 and theengagement recess portion 176b are substantially the same. . For this reason, below, the engagement operation and the origin search operation of one of theengagement protrusions 137 and theengagement recesses 176a will be representatively described.
 先ず、係合凸部137(138)と係合凹部176a(176b)との間での係合動作について説明する。First, the engaging operation between the engaging projection 137 (138) and theengaging recess 176a (176b) will be described.
 図24A及び図25Aは、操作部14と作業部16とが装着される際、係合凸部137(138)及び係合凹部176a(176b)の回転位相が略90°ずれている場合、すなわち、大凸部402a及び大凹部404aが略90°ずれており、小凸部402b及び小凹部404bもずれており、係合凸部137と係合凹部176aとが互いに係合不能である状態の一例である。本実施形態に係るマニピュレータ10では、このような状態であっても、操作部14と作業部16とを外観上では装着可能である。FIGS. 24A and 25A show a case where the rotation phases of the engaging convex portion 137 (138) and the engagingconcave portion 176a (176b) are shifted by approximately 90 ° when theoperation portion 14 and the workingportion 16 are mounted. The largeconvex portion 402a and the largeconcave portion 404a are displaced by approximately 90 °, the smallconvex portion 402b and the smallconcave portion 404b are also displaced, and the engagingconvex portion 137 and the engagingconcave portion 176a cannot be engaged with each other. It is an example. In themanipulator 10 according to the present embodiment, theoperation unit 14 and the workingunit 16 can be mounted on the appearance even in such a state.
 すなわち、図25A及び図25Bから諒解されるように、操作部14及び作業部16の装着時において、係合凸部137が係合凹部176aと係合できない場合(図25A参照)、操作部14が作業部16へと押し下げられるのに伴い、係合凸部137の先端下面(Y2方向端面)は係合凹部176aの先端上面(Y1方向端面)に当接し、コイルばね121の付勢力に抗して駆動シャフト115の波形部115cに沿ってY1方向に退動する。That is, as can be understood from FIGS. 25A and 25B, when the engagingprojection 137 cannot be engaged with the engagingrecess 176a when the operatingportion 14 and the workingportion 16 are mounted (see FIG. 25A), the operatingportion 14 Is pushed down to the workingportion 16, the lower end surface (Y2 direction end surface) of the engagementconvex portion 137 comes into contact with the upper end surface (Y1 direction end surface) of the engagementconcave portion 176 a and resists the biasing force of thecoil spring 121. Then, it moves backward in the Y1 direction along thecorrugated portion 115c of thedrive shaft 115.
 その結果、係合凸部137及び係合凹部176aが係合しないままであっても(図25A参照)、着脱レバー400の爪部400cが係止部401aに係合し(図1~図3参照)、操作部14と作業部16との装着が完了する。この装着完了は、検出シャフト316が止板179に着座したことが着脱センサ314に検出されることによりコントローラ514でも認識される。As a result, even if the engagingconvex portion 137 and the engagingconcave portion 176a are not engaged (see FIG. 25A), theclaw portion 400c of thedetachable lever 400 is engaged with the lockingportion 401a (FIGS. 1 to 3). Reference), the mounting of theoperation unit 14 and the workingunit 16 is completed. This attachment completion is recognized by thecontroller 514 when the attachment /detachment sensor 314 detects that thedetection shaft 316 is seated on thestop plate 179.
 この際、図25Aに示すように、カップリングセンサ306用の検出シャフト310は、その下端のフランジ310bが係合凸部137の環状溝部139に係合していることから、係合凸部137のY1方向への退動に伴ってY1方向に退動する。従って、カップリングセンサ306は、係合凸部137と係合凹部176aとの係合動作の完了を検出できず、つまり、コントローラ514は、操作部14と作業部16の装着が完了したことを認識すると同時に、係合凸部137と係合凹部176aの係合が完了していないことを認識する。At this time, as shown in FIG. 25A, thedetection shaft 310 for thecoupling sensor 306 is engaged with theannular groove 139 of the engagingprotrusion 137 because theflange 310b at the lower end thereof is engaged with the engagingprotrusion 137. Retreats in the Y1 direction with the retreat in the Y1 direction. Accordingly, thecoupling sensor 306 cannot detect the completion of the engaging operation between the engagingconvex portion 137 and the engagingconcave portion 176a. That is, thecontroller 514 indicates that theoperation unit 14 and the workingunit 16 have been mounted. Simultaneously with the recognition, it is recognized that the engagement between the engagementconvex portion 137 and the engagementconcave portion 176a is not completed.
 そこで、コントローラ514では、例えばマスタスイッチ34(図1参照)がオン操作されることにより、前記原点サーチ動作の一動作として、係合凸部137と係合凹部176aとを係合させる係合動作(カップリング動作)を実施する。Therefore, in thecontroller 514, for example, when the master switch 34 (see FIG. 1) is turned on, an engagement operation for engaging the engagementconvex portion 137 and the engagementconcave portion 176a as one operation of the origin search operation. (Coupling operation) is performed.
 図24A及び図25Aに示すように、先ず、係合凸部137の先端下面が係合凹部176aの先端上面に当接して着座している状態でモータ100が駆動される。これにより、ギア機構部106を介して駆動シャフト115が回転される一方、プーリ158aは回転されず、図24A中の破線矢印に示すように、係合凸部137が係合凹部176a上を摺接しながら回転する。As shown in FIGS. 24A and 25A, first, themotor 100 is driven in a state where the lower surface of the front end of the engagingconvex portion 137 is seated in contact with the upper surface of the front end of the engagingconcave portion 176a. As a result, thedrive shaft 115 is rotated via thegear mechanism portion 106, while thepulley 158a is not rotated, and the engagementconvex portion 137 slides on the engagementconcave portion 176a as indicated by the broken line arrow in FIG. 24A. Rotates while touching.
 図24Bに示すように、回転する大凸部402aが大凹部404aに一致すると、係合凸部137及び係合凹部176aが係合可能な位相となるため、図25Bに示すように、係合凸部137はコイルばね121の付勢力によってY2方向に進動され、係合凸部137及び係合凹部176aが互いに係合する。これにより、検出シャフト310も係合凸部137と共にY2方向に進動するため、カップリングセンサ306は、係合凸部137と係合凹部176aとの係合動作の完了を検出することができる。そして、駆動シャフト115とプーリ158aとが回転駆動力を伝達可能に連結されるため、係合凹部176aの回転位相、つまりプーリ158a及びワイヤ1054を介在した先端動作部12の動作姿勢についても、モータ100の回転駆動力によって制御可能な状態となる。As shown in FIG. 24B, when the rotating largeconvex portion 402a coincides with the largeconcave portion 404a, the engagingconvex portion 137 and the engagingconcave portion 176a are engaged with each other. Theconvex portion 137 is advanced in the Y2 direction by the biasing force of thecoil spring 121, and the engagingconvex portion 137 and the engagingconcave portion 176a are engaged with each other. As a result, thedetection shaft 310 also moves in the Y2 direction together with the engagingconvex portion 137, so that thecoupling sensor 306 can detect the completion of the engaging operation between the engagingconvex portion 137 and the engagingconcave portion 176a. . Further, since thedrive shaft 115 and thepulley 158a are coupled so as to be able to transmit the rotational driving force, the rotational phase of theengaging recess 176a, that is, the operating posture of the distalend operating unit 12 with thepulley 158a and thewire 1054 interposed therebetween is also considered. It becomes a controllable state with 100 rotational driving force.
 なお、コイルばね121によって弾性支持する対象を係合凹部176a(176b)側としても略同様の作用を得ることができるが、カップリングセンサ306は操作部14側に設けた方がコントローラ514との接続等にとって都合がよく、このため、検出シャフト310が連結される係合凸部137(138)側がコイルばね121によって弾性支持されて進退可能に構成されている方が望ましい。Note that substantially the same operation can be obtained even if the object to be elastically supported by thecoil spring 121 is the engagementconcave portion 176a (176b) side, but thecoupling sensor 306 is provided on theoperation unit 14 side with thecontroller 514. For this reason, it is preferable that the engaging convex portion 137 (138) side to which thedetection shaft 310 is coupled is elastically supported by thecoil spring 121 and can be moved forward and backward.
 次に、上記の係合動作と共に実施される原点サーチ動作について説明する。本実施形態では、コントローラ514の制御下に該原点サーチ動作が駆動制御され、つまりコントローラ514が原点サーチ部としての機能を有する。Next, the origin search operation performed together with the above engagement operation will be described. In the present embodiment, the origin search operation is driven and controlled under the control of thecontroller 514, that is, thecontroller 514 functions as an origin search unit.
 図26A~図26Dは、操作部14及び作業部16が外観上装着された状態での、係合凸部137(破線で示す)と係合凹部176a(実線で示す)の互いの初期位相(カップリングポジション)の各パターンを例示した説明図である。26A to 26D show the initial phases of the engaging convex portion 137 (shown by a broken line) and the engagingconcave portion 176a (shown by a solid line) in a state where theoperation unit 14 and the workingunit 16 are externally mounted ( It is explanatory drawing which illustrated each pattern of the coupling position).
 図26A~図26Dにおいて、一点鎖線で示す直線M0はモータ原点M0、つまりモータ100、駆動シャフト115及びプーリ158aの原点位相を示すと共に、先端動作部12が原点姿勢となる位相を示している。モータ原点M0は、図7及び図8に示す検出片333(334)の半円状の円板部の2つの端部333a、333a(334a、334a)が原点検出センサ331(332)を通過することにより、該原点検出センサ331(332)の出力が切り替わる点として、コントローラ514により検出される。検出片333には検出される端部333aが180°位相となっている。上記したように、プーリ158aの回転範囲は、正転及び逆転の範囲が共に180°未満となっているため(図14A等参照)、検出片333を180°位相とすることにより、原点に対して正領域であるか、あるいは負領域であるかを判断できる。26A to 26D, a straight line M0 indicated by a one-dot chain line indicates the motor origin M0, that is, the origin phase of themotor 100, thedrive shaft 115, and thepulley 158a, and the phase at which the distalend working unit 12 assumes the origin posture. As for the motor origin M0, twoend portions 333a, 333a (334a, 334a) of the semicircular disk portion of the detection piece 333 (334) shown in FIGS. 7 and 8 pass through the origin detection sensor 331 (332). Thus, thecontroller 514 detects that the output of the origin detection sensor 331 (332) is switched. Thedetection piece 333 has a detectedend portion 333a having a 180 ° phase. As described above, since the rotation range of thepulley 158a is less than 180 ° in both the forward rotation and the reverse rotation (see FIG. 14A, etc.), by setting thedetection piece 333 to a 180 ° phase, Thus, it can be determined whether the region is a positive region or a negative region.
 なお、図26A~図26Dでは、理解の容易のため、駆動シャフト115側の係合凸部137を破線大円形状に示すと共に、大凸部402aを破線小円形状に示す一方、プーリ158a側の係合凹部176aを実線大円形状に示すと共に、大凹部404aを実線小円形状に示している。また、係合凹部176a(プーリ158a)の回転範囲を明確にするため、係合凹部176a側の当接部177a(177b)を外径方向に突出した当接部材として図示すると共に、その回転を規制するストッパ(プーリ動作限)179aを、ハッチングを付与した直線で図示しており、換言すれば、図23の変形例に示す当接部177cとストッパ179bとの当接による回転範囲の規制に類似した構造として図示しており、図27A以降についても同様である。さらに、このような係合凸部137及び係合凹部176aの係合のケースとしては、プーリ158aの初期位相によって8種類のケースが存在し得、原点サーチのために各ケース毎に8つの動作パターンで動作するようにプログラムされている。なお、基本的には、8つの動作パターンであるが、この動作パターンはモータ原点M0を中心とした対称系であることから、本実施形態では、コントローラ514の制御下に実施される図26A~図26Dに示す4つの代表的な動作パターンについて説明する。In FIG. 26A to FIG. 26D, for easy understanding, the engagementconvex portion 137 on thedrive shaft 115 side is shown in a broken-line large circle shape, and the largeconvex portion 402a is shown in a broken-line small circle shape, while thepulley 158a side is shown. The engagementconcave portion 176a is shown in a solid large circle shape, and the largeconcave portion 404a is shown in a solid line small circle shape. In addition, in order to clarify the rotation range of theengagement recess 176a (pulley 158a), thecontact portion 177a (177b) on theengagement recess 176a side is illustrated as a contact member protruding in the outer diameter direction, and the rotation is performed. The stopper (pulley operation limit) 179a to be controlled is illustrated by a straight line with hatching. In other words, the rotation range is controlled by the contact between thecontact portion 177c and thestopper 179b shown in the modification of FIG. This is illustrated as a similar structure, and the same applies to FIG. Further, as the cases of engagement of the engagementconvex portion 137 and the engagementconcave portion 176a, there can be eight types of cases depending on the initial phase of thepulley 158a, and eight operations are performed for each case for the origin search. Programmed to work with patterns. Basically, there are eight operation patterns. Since this operation pattern is a symmetric system with the motor origin M0 as the center, in this embodiment, FIG. 26A to FIG. The four typical operation patterns shown in FIG. 26D will be described.
 図26Aは、係合凸部137(大凸部402a)の位相を基準とした場合に、モータ原点M0と逆方向(逆転方向)に係合凹部176a(大凹部404a)の位相がある状態を例示したものであり、このカップリングポジションからの係合動作及び原点サーチ動作を、以下、動作パターン(1)と呼ぶ。図26Bは、係合凸部137(大凸部402a)及び係合凹部176a(大凹部404a)の位相が最初から(つまり、駆動部30及び作業部16が装着された瞬間から)一致している状態を例示したものであり、以下、動作パターン(2)と呼ぶ。図26Cは、係合凸部137(大凸部402a)の位相を基準とした場合に、該係合凸部137(大凸部402a)とモータ原点M0との間に、係合凹部176a(大凹部404a)の位相がある状態を例示したものであり、以下、動作パターン(3)と呼ぶ。図26Dは、係合凸部137(大凸部402a)の位相を基準とした場合に、モータ原点M0の正方向(正転方向)に係合凹部176a(大凹部404a)の位相がある状態を例示したものであり、以下、動作パターン(4)と呼ぶ。FIG. 26A shows a state in which the phase of theengagement recess 176a (large recess 404a) is in the opposite direction (reverse direction) to the motor origin M0 when the phase of the engagement protrusion 137 (large protrusion 402a) is used as a reference. The engagement operation and the origin search operation from the coupling position are illustrated below as an operation pattern (1). In FIG. 26B, the phases of the engaging convex portion 137 (largeconvex portion 402a) and the engagingconcave portion 176a (largeconcave portion 404a) coincide from the beginning (that is, from the moment when the drivingunit 30 and the workingunit 16 are mounted). This is an example of a state of being present and is hereinafter referred to as an operation pattern (2). FIG. 26C shows anengagement recess 176a (between the engagement projection 137 (large projection 402a) and the motor origin M0 when the phase of the engagement projection 137 (large projection 402a) is used as a reference. The state in which the phase of the largeconcave portion 404a) is illustrated is illustrated, and is hereinafter referred to as an operation pattern (3). FIG. 26D shows a state in which the phase of theengagement recess 176a (large recess 404a) is in the positive direction (forward rotation direction) of the motor origin M0 when the phase of the engagement protrusion 137 (large protrusion 402a) is used as a reference. And is hereinafter referred to as an operation pattern (4).
 基本的なプログラム・シーケンスは、モータ原点M0の検出動作と係合動作から構成される。先ず、モータ原点M0の検出を行う。モータ原点M0の検出動作では、原点検出センサ331からスタート時の正負領域を判断し、駆動シャフト115をモータ原点M0方向へ動作させる。モータ原点M0の検出後、正負いずれかの動作限からいずれかの動作限へ連続的に動作させる。The basic program sequence consists of the detection operation and engagement operation of the motor origin M0. First, the motor origin M0 is detected. In the operation of detecting the motor origin M0, theorigin detection sensor 331 determines the positive / negative area at the start, and thedrive shaft 115 is moved in the direction of the motor origin M0. After the motor origin M0 is detected, the motor is continuously operated from either the positive or negative operation limit to one of the operation limits.
 モータ原点M0検出時以降に、係合凸部137と係合凹部176aの係合が係合センサであるカップリングセンサ306により確認されれば、動作限から動作限へ連続的に動作させるシーケンスを終了し、モータ原点M0へ移動させ、原点サーチ動作は完了する。If the engagement of the engagementconvex portion 137 and the engagementconcave portion 176a is confirmed by thecoupling sensor 306 as an engagement sensor after the motor origin M0 is detected, a sequence for continuously operating from the operation limit to the operation limit is determined. This is finished and moved to the motor origin M0, and the origin search operation is completed.
 上記の係合凸部137と係合凹部176aのそれぞれの位相関係により、係合凸部137と係合凹部176aの係合のタイミングや位置は異なるため、結果として動作パターンは複数考えられ、基本的には4ケースが考えられる。それぞれのケースにおける動作パターンを説明する。The timing and position of engagement between the engagingconvex portion 137 and the engagingconcave portion 176a differ depending on the phase relationship between the engagingconvex portion 137 and the engagingconcave portion 176a. As a result, a plurality of operation patterns can be considered. 4 cases are considered. The operation pattern in each case will be described.
 動作パターン(1)について、図27A~図27Dを参照して説明する。動作パターン(1)では初期状態において、係合凸部137(大凸部402a)の位相に対し、モータ原点M0と逆方向(逆転方向)に係合凹部176a(大凹部404a)の位相がある(図26A及び図27A参照)。Operation pattern (1) will be described with reference to FIGS. 27A to 27D. In the operation pattern (1), in the initial state, the phase of the engagementconcave portion 176a (largeconcave portion 404a) is opposite to the motor origin M0 (reverse direction) with respect to the phase of the engagement convex portion 137 (largeconvex portion 402a). (See FIGS. 26A and 27A).
 先ず、駆動シャフト115は原点検出センサ331により負領域であることが分かるため、モータ100を駆動制御して駆動シャフト115を正方向(図27Aで時計回り)に回転させ、図27A中の破線矢印で示すように、係合凸部137(大凸部402a)をモータ原点M0方向に回転させる。そうすると、係合凸部137(大凸部402a)はモータ原点M0に一致した位相となり(図27B参照)、原点検出センサ331により検出片333の端部333aが検出され(図8参照)、この位相をコントローラ514はモータ100の原点として認識する。First, since the originshaft detection sensor 331 shows that thedrive shaft 115 is in the negative region, themotor 100 is driven and controlled to rotate thedrive shaft 115 in the positive direction (clockwise in FIG. 27A). As shown, the engaging convex portion 137 (largeconvex portion 402a) is rotated in the motor origin M0 direction. Then, the engaging convex portion 137 (largeconvex portion 402a) has a phase that matches the motor origin M0 (see FIG. 27B), and theorigin detection sensor 331 detects theend 333a of the detection piece 333 (see FIG. 8). Thecontroller 514 recognizes the phase as the origin of themotor 100.
 続けて、図27C中の破線矢印で示すように、係合凸部137(大凸部402a)をさらに正転方向に回転させることにより、係合凸部137(大凸部402a)の位相が係合凹部176a(大凹部404a)の位相に一致して、互いに係合する(図27C参照)。係合凸部137と係合凹部176aとの係合動作は、図24A~図25Bを参照して上記した通りであり、この係合は、カップリングセンサ306を介してコントローラ514によって検出される。Subsequently, as indicated by a broken line arrow in FIG. 27C, the phase of the engaging convex portion 137 (largeconvex portion 402a) is changed by further rotating the engaging convex portion 137 (largeconvex portion 402a) in the normal rotation direction. The engagingrecesses 176a (large recesses 404a) are in phase with each other (see FIG. 27C). The engagement operation of the engagementconvex portion 137 and the engagementconcave portion 176a is as described above with reference to FIGS. 24A to 25B, and this engagement is detected by thecontroller 514 via thecoupling sensor 306. .
 そこで、図30C中の実線矢印に示すように、係合凹部176aと係合した係合凸部137をモータ原点M0へと回転させることにより、係合凹部176aも一緒にモータ原点M0に回転し、図27D等に示す場合と同様に、駆動シャフト115及びプーリ158aが所定の原点位相に設定され、先端動作部12も所定の原点姿勢となる。Therefore, as shown by the solid arrow in FIG. 30C, by rotating the engagingconvex portion 137 engaged with the engagingconcave portion 176a to the motor origin M0, the engagingconcave portion 176a is also rotated to the motor origin M0 together. Similarly to the case shown in FIG. 27D and the like, thedrive shaft 115 and thepulley 158a are set to a predetermined origin phase, and the distalend working unit 12 also has a predetermined origin posture.
 動作パターン(2)について、図28A~図28Dを参照して説明する。動作パターン(2)では初期状態において、係合凸部137(大凸部402a)及び係合凹部176a(大凹部404a)の位相が最初から一致しており(図26B及び図28A参照)、この係合は、カップリングセンサ306を介してコントローラ514によって検出されている。The operation pattern (2) will be described with reference to FIGS. 28A to 28D. In the operation pattern (2), in the initial state, the phases of the engaging convex portion 137 (largeconvex portion 402a) and the engagingconcave portion 176a (largeconcave portion 404a) coincide from the beginning (see FIGS. 26B and 28A). Engagement is detected by thecontroller 514 via thecoupling sensor 306.
 先ず、図28A中の矢印に示すように、係合凹部176aに係合した係合凸部137をモータ原点M0へと回転させることにより、係合凹部176aも一緒にモータ原点M0に回転する。そうすると、係合凸部137及び係合凹部176aはモータ原点M0に一致した位相となり(図28B参照)、原点検出センサ331により検出片333の端部333aが検出され(図8参照)、この位相をコントローラ514はモータ100の原点として認識する。このため、モータ100の回転が停止されるが、図28Aから図28Bに示すようにして原点が検出された際には、検出と略同時にモータ100を停止させたとしても、モータ100は原点位置から多少のオーバーランをしている(図28C参照)。First, as shown by the arrow in FIG. 28A, by rotating the engagingconvex portion 137 engaged with the engagingconcave portion 176a to the motor origin M0, the engagingconcave portion 176a is also rotated to the motor origin M0 together. Then, the engagingconvex portion 137 and the engagingconcave portion 176a have a phase that coincides with the motor origin M0 (see FIG. 28B), and theend portion 333a of thedetection piece 333 is detected by the origin detecting sensor 331 (see FIG. 8). Is recognized as the origin of themotor 100. For this reason, the rotation of themotor 100 is stopped. However, when the origin is detected as shown in FIGS. 28A to 28B, even if themotor 100 is stopped substantially at the same time as the detection, themotor 100 remains at the origin position. To overrun (see FIG. 28C).
 そこで、図28Dに示すように、モータ原点M0まで逆転方向にモータ100を回転させることにより、係合凸部137及び係合凹部176aがモータ原点M0に戻されて停止され、これにより、駆動シャフト115及びプーリ158aが所定の原点位相に設定され、先端動作部12も所定の原点姿勢となる。Therefore, as shown in FIG. 28D, by rotating themotor 100 in the reverse direction to the motor origin M0, the engagementconvex portion 137 and the engagementconcave portion 176a are returned to the motor origin M0 and stopped. 115 and thepulley 158a are set to a predetermined origin phase, and the distalend working unit 12 is also in a predetermined origin posture.
 動作パターン(3)について、図29A~図29Cを参照して説明する。動作パターン(3)では初期状態において、係合凸部137(大凸部402a)の位相を基準とした場合に、該係合凸部137(大凸部402a)とモータ原点M0との間に、係合凹部176a(大凹部404a)の位相がある(図26C及び図29A参照)。The operation pattern (3) will be described with reference to FIGS. 29A to 29C. In the operation pattern (3), when the phase of the engaging convex portion 137 (largeconvex portion 402a) is used as a reference in the initial state, between the engaging convex portion 137 (largeconvex portion 402a) and the motor origin M0. There is a phase of theengaging recess 176a (large recess 404a) (see FIGS. 26C and 29A).
 先ず、モータ100を駆動制御して、図29A中の破線矢印で示すように、係合凸部137(大凸部402a)をモータ原点M0方向に回転させる。そうすると、図29Bに示すように、係合凸部137(大凸部402a)の位相が係合凹部176a(大凹部404a)の位相に一致して互いに係合し、この係合は、カップリングセンサ306を介してコントローラ514によって検出される。First, the drive control of themotor 100 is performed, and the engagement convex portion 137 (largeconvex portion 402a) is rotated in the motor origin M0 direction as shown by the broken line arrow in FIG. 29A. Then, as shown in FIG. 29B, the phase of the engaging convex portion 137 (largeconvex portion 402a) matches the phase of the engagingconcave portion 176a (largeconcave portion 404a) and is engaged with each other. It is detected by thecontroller 514 via thesensor 306.
 そこで、図29B中の矢印に示すように、係合凹部176aに係合した係合凸部137をモータ原点M0へと回転させることにより、係合凹部176aも一緒にモータ原点M0に回転されて、係合凸部137及び係合凹部176aはモータ原点M0に一致した位相となり(図29C参照)、原点検出センサ331により検出片333の端部333aが検出され(図8参照)、この位相をコントローラ514はモータ100の原点として認識する。続いて、図28B~図28Dに示す動作と略同様、図29Cの往復矢印で示すように、モータ100はモータ原点M0を多少オーバーランして停止された後、逆転方向に回転されることにより、係合凸部137及び係合凹部176aがモータ原点M0に戻されて停止され、これにより、駆動シャフト115及びプーリ158aが所定の原点位相に設定され、先端動作部12も所定の原点姿勢となる。Therefore, as shown by the arrow in FIG. 29B, by rotating the engagementconvex portion 137 engaged with the engagementconcave portion 176a to the motor origin M0, theengagement recess 176a is also rotated to the motor origin M0 together. The engagingconvex portion 137 and the engagingconcave portion 176a have a phase that coincides with the motor origin M0 (see FIG. 29C), and theorigin detecting sensor 331 detects theend 333a of the detecting piece 333 (see FIG. 8). Thecontroller 514 recognizes the origin of themotor 100. Subsequently, as shown by the reciprocating arrow in FIG. 29C, themotor 100 is stopped by slightly overrunning the motor origin M0 and then rotated in the reverse direction, as shown by the reciprocating arrow in FIG. 29C. The engagingconvex portion 137 and the engagingconcave portion 176a are returned to the motor origin M0 and stopped, whereby thedrive shaft 115 and thepulley 158a are set to a predetermined origin phase, and the distalend operating portion 12 is also set to a predetermined origin posture. Become.
 動作パターン(4)について、図30A~図30Cを参照して説明する。動作パターン(4)では初期状態において、係合凸部137(大凸部402a)の位相を基準とした場合に、モータ原点M0の正方向(正転方向)に係合凹部176a(大凹部404a)の位相がある(図26D及び図30A参照)。The operation pattern (4) will be described with reference to FIGS. 30A to 30C. In the operation pattern (4), in the initial state, when the phase of the engaging convex portion 137 (largeconvex portion 402a) is used as a reference, the engagingconcave portion 176a (largeconcave portion 404a) extends in the positive direction (forward rotation direction) of the motor origin M0. ) (See FIGS. 26D and 30A).
 先ず、モータ100を駆動制御して、図30A中の破線矢印で示すように、係合凸部137(大凸部402a)をモータ原点M0方向に回転させる。そうすると、図30Bに示すように、係合凸部137(大凸部402a)はモータ原点M0に一致した位相となり、原点検出センサ331により検出片333の端部333aが検出され(図8参照)、この位相をコントローラ514はモータ100の原点として認識する。First, the drive control of themotor 100 is performed, and the engagement convex portion 137 (largeconvex portion 402a) is rotated in the direction of the motor origin M0 as indicated by a broken line arrow in FIG. 30A. Then, as shown in FIG. 30B, the engaging convex portion 137 (largeconvex portion 402a) has a phase that coincides with the motor origin M0, and theorigin detection sensor 331 detects theend 333a of the detection piece 333 (see FIG. 8). Thecontroller 514 recognizes this phase as the origin of themotor 100.
 続けて、図30B中の破線矢印で示すように、係合凸部137(大凸部402a)をさらに正転方向に回転させることにより、係合凸部137(大凸部402a)の位相が係合凹部176a(大凹部404a)の位相に一致して、互いに係合し(図30C参照)、この係合は、カップリングセンサ306を介してコントローラ514によって検出される。Subsequently, as indicated by a broken-line arrow in FIG. 30B, the phase of the engaging convex portion 137 (largeconvex portion 402a) is changed by further rotating the engaging convex portion 137 (largeconvex portion 402a) in the forward rotation direction. The engagement recesses 176a (large recesses 404a) are in phase with each other (see FIG. 30C), and this engagement is detected by thecontroller 514 via thecoupling sensor 306.
 そこで、図27Dに示す場合と略同様に、係合凹部176aに係合した係合凸部137をモータ原点M0へと戻すことにより、係合凹部176aも一緒にモータ原点M0に回転し、駆動シャフト115及びプーリ158aが所定の原点位相に設定され、先端動作部12も所定の原点姿勢となる。Therefore, in substantially the same manner as shown in FIG. 27D, by returning the engagingconvex portion 137 engaged with the engagingconcave portion 176a to the motor origin M0, the engagingconcave portion 176a is also rotated to the motor origin M0 and driven. Theshaft 115 and thepulley 158a are set to a predetermined origin phase, and the distalend working unit 12 is also in a predetermined origin posture.
 ところで、場合によっては、係合凸部137と係合凹部176aとの摩擦や引っ掛かり等により、両者が係合(嵌合)していない状態であっても、プーリ158aは、駆動シャフト115と共に連れ回りされ回転することも考えられる。そのような場合、動作パターン(1)では、図27Cの位置では係合せず、最悪の場合、ストッパ179a(+動作限)の位置で係合することになる。動作パターン(3)、(4)の場合も同様に、ストッパ179a(+動作限)の位置で係合することになる。つまり、プーリ158aが駆動シャフト115と連れ回った場合でも、少なくとも正負の動作限から動作限へ連続的に動作するシーケンスが含まれていたら、動作限近傍で係合させることは可能である。なお、動作限方向へ動作しているときに、動作限近傍で係合した場合でも、シーケンス的には、既にモータ原点M0の検出は完了しているため、動作限の位置はわかっており、動作限近傍では、減速、停止等の処置は可能であり、ストッパ179aに機械的に高速状態で衝突して、駆動系に機械的ダメージや破損・破壊を与えることなく、高速に原点サーチ動作を行うことが可能である。By the way, depending on the case, thepulley 158a is moved together with thedrive shaft 115 even if the engagementconvex portion 137 and the engagementconcave portion 176a are not engaged (fitted) due to friction or catching. It is also possible to rotate and rotate. In such a case, the operation pattern (1) does not engage at the position of FIG. 27C, and in the worst case, engages at the position of thestopper 179a (+ operation limit). Similarly, in the case of the operation patterns (3) and (4), the engagement is performed at the position of thestopper 179a (+ operation limit). That is, even when thepulley 158a rotates with thedrive shaft 115, it can be engaged in the vicinity of the operation limit if at least a sequence of continuous operation from the positive / negative operation limit to the operation limit is included. Even when engaged in the vicinity of the operation limit when operating in the direction of the operation limit, since the detection of the motor origin M0 has already been completed in sequence, the position of the operation limit is known. In the vicinity of the operation limit, measures such as deceleration and stop are possible, and the origin search operation is performed at high speed without causing mechanical damage, breakage or destruction to the drive system by colliding with thestopper 179a in a mechanically high speed state. Is possible.
 また、動作パターン(1)の場合、図27Bから図27Cの状態へ動作する方法として、同一方向へ回転させた場合について説明したが、図27Bの動作後、動作限であるストッパ179aの位置で一旦停止し、逆方向回転させてもよい。この場合も、シーケンス的には、既にモータ原点M0の検出は完了しているため、一旦停止し反転させることは容易である。θの角度が小さい場合には、一旦停止させた方が、移動距離が短くなり、原点サーチ動作を短縮させることが可能である。In the case of the operation pattern (1), as a method of operating from the state of FIG. 27B to the state of FIG. 27C, the case of rotating in the same direction has been described, but after the operation of FIG. It may be temporarily stopped and rotated in the reverse direction. Also in this case, since the detection of the motor origin M0 has already been completed in sequence, it is easy to stop and reverse it. If the angle of θ is small, the movement distance becomes shorter and the origin search operation can be shortened if it is temporarily stopped.
 同一方向へ回転させるか、反転させるか、どちらのシーケンス・プラグラムをコントローラ514に組み込むかは、動作範囲である許容回転範囲θ、原点サーチ最大許容時間、係合部の位相状態の頻度等を考慮して決定すればよい。Whether to rotate or reverse in the same direction, or to incorporate the sequence program into thecontroller 514, considers the allowable rotation range θ, which is the operation range, the maximum origin search allowable time, the frequency of the phase state of the engaging part, etc. And decide.
 原点サーチ動作は、操作ボタン(マスタスイッチ34)を押したらスタートし自動的に完了する、もしくは、スイッチ(マスタスイッチ34)を押しているときだけ、サーチ動作を行い、離したら停止、再度押すと再スタート等のようにしてもよい。後者の場合、マニュアル的な操作となり、異常を感じたときや、途中停止したいときに、原点サーチ動作をすぐに停止させることができる。The origin search operation starts when the operation button (master switch 34) is pressed and automatically completes. Alternatively, the search operation is performed only when the switch (master switch 34) is pressed, stops when released, and restarts when pressed again. You may do it like a start. In the latter case, the operation is a manual operation, and the origin search operation can be immediately stopped when an abnormality is felt or when it is desired to stop halfway.
 ところで、上記したように、駆動シャフト115(116)とプーリ158a(158b)との係合(カップリング)は、上記例示した単一の位相でのみ係合可能に構成する以外にも、2以上の位相で係合可能に構成することもできる。By the way, as described above, the engagement (coupling) between the drive shaft 115 (116) and thepulley 158a (158b) is not limited to the above-described single phase, but may be two or more. It can also be configured to be engageable at the phase.
 次に、駆動シャフト115(116)及びプーリ158a(158b)の係合凸部137(138)及び係合凹部176a(176b)の係合位相の構成例について説明する。Next, a configuration example of the engagement phase of the engagement convex portion 137 (138) and the engagementconcave portion 176a (176b) of the drive shaft 115 (116) and thepulley 158a (158b) will be described.
 駆動シャフト115(116)とプーリ158a(158b)とのカップリングにおける係合凸部137(138)と係合凹部176a(176b)との係合位相は、例えば、先端動作部12の構成の違い等によりプーリ158a(158b)に設定される動作領域(許容回転範囲)に応じて設定されるとよく、単一の位相以外にも、2以上の位相での係合を可能に構成することができる。The engagement phase between the engagement convex portion 137 (138) and the engagementconcave portion 176a (176b) in the coupling of the drive shaft 115 (116) and thepulley 158a (158b) is, for example, the difference in the configuration of the distalend working portion 12. It may be set according to the operation region (allowable rotation range) set in thepulley 158a (158b) by, for example, and it may be configured to allow engagement in two or more phases in addition to a single phase. it can.
 先端動作部12を直接的に動作させる従動軸であるプーリ158a(158b)の動作領域である許容回転範囲をθ(°)とし、360(°)/θ(°)の商の整数部分をnとすると、上記した原点サーチ動作等を考慮して、最大n箇所での係合が可能、つまりn箇所以下の位相でのみ係合可能に構成される。Let θ (°) be an allowable rotation range that is an operation region of thepulley 158a (158b) that is a driven shaft that directly operates the distalend working unit 12, and an integer part of a quotient of 360 (°) / θ (°) is n. Then, in consideration of the above-described origin search operation and the like, it is possible to engage at a maximum of n places, that is, to be engageable only at a phase of n places or less.
 そこで、許容回転範囲θと係合箇所(n箇所)との関係は、次の(1)~(5)に例示するように設定できる。なお、前記許容回転範囲θは、図14Aに示すプーリ158aの場合、矢印+θが例えば90°であり、矢印-θが例えば90°であるとすると許容回転範囲θが180°となり、プーリ158bの場合、矢印+θが例えば135°であり、矢印-θが例えば135°であるとすると許容回転範囲θが270°となる。Therefore, the relationship between the allowable rotation range θ and the engagement location (n location) can be set as exemplified in the following (1) to (5). In the case of thepulley 158a shown in FIG. 14A, the allowable rotation range θ is 90 °, for example, the arrow + θ is 90 °, and the arrow −θ is 90 °, for example, the allowable rotation range θ is 180 °, and thepulley 158b In this case, if the arrow + θ is, for example, 135 ° and the arrow −θ is, for example, 135 °, the allowable rotation range θ is 270 °.
 (1)θが180°(度)以上360°(度)未満の場合には1箇所であり、係合凸部及び係合凹部は単一位相の形状で係合可能に構成する必要がある。(2)θが120°以上180°未満の場合には2箇所以下であり、係合凸部及び係合凹部は180°位相形状で係合可能に構成することができる。(3)θが90°以上120°未満の場合には3箇所以下であり、係合凸部及び係合凹部は120°位相の形状で係合可能に構成することができる。(4)θが72°以上90°未満の場合には4箇所以下であり、係合凸部及び係合凹部は90°位相の形状で係合可能に構成することができる。(5)θが60°以上72°未満の場合には5箇所以下であり、係合凸部及び係合凹部は72°位相の形状で係合可能に構成することができ、それ以降の動作領域についても同様である。(1) When θ is 180 ° (degrees) or more and less than 360 ° (degrees), there is one place, and the engaging convex portion and the engaging concave portion need to be configured to be engageable in a single phase shape. . (2) When θ is 120 ° or more and less than 180 °, there are two or less places, and the engaging convex portion and the engaging concave portion can be configured to be engageable in a 180 ° phase shape. (3) When θ is 90 ° or more and less than 120 °, the number is three or less, and the engagement convex portion and the engagement concave portion can be configured to be engageable in a 120 ° phase shape. (4) When θ is not less than 72 ° and less than 90 °, there are four locations or less, and the engaging convex portion and the engaging concave portion can be configured to be engageable in a 90 ° phase shape. (5) When θ is 60 ° or more and less than 72 °, the number is 5 or less, and the engagement convex portion and the engagement concave portion can be configured to be engageable in a 72 ° phase shape, and the subsequent operation The same applies to the area.
 例えば、図14Aでは、プーリ158a、158bの許容回転範囲θ(矢印+θと矢印-θとが示す範囲の合計)が、それぞれ180°、270°に設定されている。このため、上記(1)に示すように、係合可能箇所は1箇所とする必要があり、係合凸部137、138と係合凹部176a、176bの係合位相も単一の位相でのみ係合するように構成している。For example, in FIG. 14A, the permissible rotation ranges θ of pulleys 158a and 158b (the sum of the ranges indicated by arrows + θ and −θ) are set to 180 ° and 270 °, respectively. For this reason, as shown in the above (1), it is necessary to have one place where engagement is possible, and the engagement phases of the engagementconvex portions 137 and 138 and the engagementconcave portions 176a and 176b are also only a single phase. It is configured to engage.
 一方、図31A及び図31Bに示すように、プーリ158a(158b)の許容回転範囲θ(矢印+θと矢印-θとが示す範囲の合計)が、120°以上180°未満に設定されている場合(120°≦θ<180°)には、係合凸部137(138)と係合凹部176a(176b)とは、互いに2つの大凸部402a及び大凹部404aを有する180°位相の形状に構成し、2箇所(1箇所でも当然よい)で係合可能に構成することができる。なお、図32A及び図32Bは、係合凸部137(138)と係合凹部176a(176b)とを180°位相の形状に構成した場合、つまり、120°≦θ<180°での他の形状例であり、勿論これ以外の形状としてもよい。On the other hand, as shown in FIGS. 31A and 31B, when the allowable rotation range θ ofpulley 158a (158b) (the sum of the ranges indicated by arrows + θ and −θ) is set to 120 ° or more and less than 180 ° (120 ° ≦ θ <180 °), the engaging convex portion 137 (138) and the engagingconcave portion 176a (176b) have a 180 ° phase shape having two largeconvex portions 402a and largeconcave portions 404a. It can comprise, and it can comprise so that engagement is possible at two places (it is natural even if it is one place). 32A and 32B show a case where the engaging convex portion 137 (138) and the engagingconcave portion 176a (176b) are configured in a 180 ° phase shape, that is, other cases where 120 ° ≦ θ <180 °. It is a shape example, and of course, other shapes may be used.
 図33A及び図33Bに示すように、プーリ158a(158b)の許容回転範囲θが、90°以上120°未満に設定されている場合(90°≦θ<120°)には、係合凸部137(138)と係合凹部176a(176b)とは、互いに3つの大凸部402a及び大凹部404aを有する120°位相の形状に構成し、3箇所(1又は2箇所でも当然よい)で係合可能に構成することができる。なお、図34A及び図34Bは、係合凸部137(138)と係合凹部176a(176b)とを120°位相の形状に構成した場合、つまり、90°≦θ<120°での他の形状例であり、勿論これ以外の形状としてもよい。As shown in FIGS. 33A and 33B, when the allowable rotation range θ of thepulley 158a (158b) is set to 90 ° or more and less than 120 ° (90 ° ≦ θ <120 °), the engagement convex portion 137 (138) and theengagement recess 176a (176b) are formed in a 120 ° phase shape having threelarge protrusions 402a and alarge recess 404a, and are engaged at three positions (which may be one or two positions as a matter of course). Can be configured. 34A and 34B show the case where the engaging convex portion 137 (138) and the engagingconcave portion 176a (176b) are formed in a 120 ° phase shape, that is, other cases of 90 ° ≦ θ <120 °. It is a shape example, and of course, other shapes may be used.
 このように、互いにカップリングして回転駆動力を伝達する係合凸部137(138)と係合凹部176a(176b)とは、プーリ158a(158b)の回転許容範囲θに応じて、n箇所以下で係合可能に構成することができる。特に、上記(2)や(3)等に示すように複数箇所での係合が可能な場合には、それぞれ最大の係合箇所、例えば上記(2)では2箇所、上記(3)では3箇所で係合可能な形状に構成すれば、カップリング形状の対称化を図ることができ、原点サーチ動作に要する時間を可及的に短縮することが可能となる。なお、上記(2)~(5)等に示す2箇所以上での係合を可能にした形状とした場合であっても、原点サーチ動作は、図26A~図30Cに示されるような単一位相形状の場合の動作と略同様に実施可能である。As described above, the engagement convex portion 137 (138) and the engagementconcave portion 176a (176b) that couple with each other and transmit the rotational driving force are n places according to the rotation allowable range θ of thepulley 158a (158b). It can comprise so that engagement is possible below. In particular, as shown in the above (2), (3), etc., when engagement at a plurality of locations is possible, each of the maximum engagement locations, for example, 2 locations in (2) above and 3 in (3) above. If it is configured in a shape that can be engaged at a location, the coupling shape can be symmetrized, and the time required for the origin search operation can be shortened as much as possible. Note that even when the shape is such that the engagement at two or more locations shown in (2) to (5) above is possible, the origin search operation is performed in a single manner as shown in FIGS. 26A to 30C. The operation can be performed in substantially the same manner as in the case of the phase shape.
 同様に、原点検出センサ331(332)のセンサドグである検出片333(334)についても上記カップリングの係合箇所(n箇所)に伴って形状を変更することができ、n箇所の係合位相に設定された場合にはn・2箇所で切り替えて原点検出センサ331(332)で検出可能に構成すればよい。例えば、上記したように、単一の係合位相の場合には、正転及び逆転がそれぞれ180°未満となるため、検出片333(334)が180°位相の形状(2軸)で構成されており、これによりモータ原点を一層迅速に検出可能となっている。Similarly, the shape of the detection piece 333 (334), which is a sensor dog of the origin detection sensor 331 (332), can be changed in accordance with the coupling engagement position (n position), and the n engagement phases can be changed. If it is set to n, it may be configured to be detected by the origin detection sensor 331 (332) by switching at n · 2 places. For example, as described above, in the case of a single engagement phase, since the forward rotation and the reverse rotation are each less than 180 °, the detection piece 333 (334) is configured in a 180 ° phase shape (biaxial). This makes it possible to detect the motor origin more quickly.
 より具体的には、検出片333の形状について、例えば、180°≦許容回転範囲θ<360°の場合には、図7及び図8に示すように半円の180°位相の形状とするとよく、120°≦θ<180°の場合には、図35に示すように1/4円が2箇所にある90°位相の形状とするとよく、90°≦θ<120°の場合には、図36に示すように1/6円が3箇所にある60°位相の形状とするとよい。このように、許容回転範囲θやカップリングの係合形状(n箇所カップリング形状)に応じて、原点検出センサ331のセンサドグである検出片333の位相形状を最適に構成することにより、モータ原点M0を一層迅速に検出することが可能となる。More specifically, as for the shape of thedetection piece 333, for example, when 180 ° ≦ allowable rotation range θ <360 °, the shape of the semicircular 180 ° phase may be used as shown in FIGS. In the case of 120 ° ≦ θ <180 °, the shape of the 90 ° phase may be a two-quarter circle as shown in FIG. 35. In the case of 90 ° ≦ θ <120 °, As shown in FIG. 36, it is preferable to have a 60 ° phase shape in which there are three 1/6 circles. Thus, the motor origin is configured by optimally configuring the phase shape of thedetection piece 333, which is the sensor dog of theorigin detection sensor 331, according to the allowable rotation range θ and the coupling engagement shape (n-point coupling shape). It becomes possible to detect M0 more rapidly.
 次に、基本的には以上のように構成されるマニピュレータ10における起動動作(使用準備動作)及び該起動動作に関連した操作部14及び作業部16の装着動作について、図37のフローチャートを参照して説明する。以下では、単一位相で係合する係合凸部137(138)及び係合凹部176a(176b)を用いた構成を例示して説明するが、上記した2以上の位相で係合する構成のもの(図31A等参照)であっても略同様に制御及び動作可能である。Next, with respect to the starting operation (use preparation operation) in themanipulator 10 basically configured as described above and the mounting operation of theoperation unit 14 and the workingunit 16 related to the starting operation, refer to the flowchart of FIG. I will explain. In the following, a configuration using the engaging convex portion 137 (138) and the engagingconcave portion 176a (176b) that engage with each other in a single phase will be described as an example. Even a thing (see FIG. 31A etc.) can be controlled and operated in substantially the same manner.
 図37のステップS1において、マニピュレータ10を含むシステムを起動するために、先ず、操作者はコントローラ514の電源スイッチ516(図1参照)をオンし、コントローラ514及び周辺システム等を起動する(ステップS2)。In step S1 of FIG. 37, in order to start up the system including themanipulator 10, first, the operator turns on the power switch 516 (see FIG. 1) of thecontroller 514 to start up thecontroller 514 and the peripheral system (step S2). ).
 次に、ステップS3において、操作部14をコントローラ514に対して装着する。例えば、操作部14のグリップハンドル26下端から延びたケーブル61先端のコネクタ520をコントローラ514の第1ポート515aに接続する(図1参照)。Next, in step S3, theoperation unit 14 is attached to thecontroller 514. For example, theconnector 520 at the tip of thecable 61 extending from the lower end of the grip handle 26 of theoperation unit 14 is connected to thefirst port 515a of the controller 514 (see FIG. 1).
 ステップS4では、コントローラ514に接続された操作部14に対し、所定の先端動作部12を備えた作業部16を装着する。この装着動作は、上記したように、操作部14から突出している2本のガイドピン163、163がそれぞれ作業部16のピン穴161、161に嵌合するように、且つ、操作部14の位置決め凹部406が作業部16の位置決め凸部408に係合するように位置合わせを行いつつ、操作部14と作業部16とを互いに押圧して密着させる(図6、図22A及び図22B参照)。これにより、着脱レバー400の爪部400cが係止部401aに係合し(図1~図3参照)、操作部14と作業部16との装着が完了する。操作部14と作業部16との装着が完了したことは、検出シャフト316が止板179に着座したことが着脱センサ314に検出されることにより(図7、図25A及び図25B参照)、コントローラ514に認識される。In step S4, the workingunit 16 including the predeterminedtip operating unit 12 is attached to theoperation unit 14 connected to thecontroller 514. As described above, the mounting operation is performed so that the twoguide pins 163 and 163 protruding from theoperation unit 14 are fitted in the pin holes 161 and 161 of the workingunit 16 and theoperation unit 14 is positioned. Positioning is performed so that theconcave portion 406 engages with the positioningconvex portion 408 of the workingportion 16, the operatingportion 14 and the workingportion 16 are pressed and brought into close contact with each other (see FIGS. 6, 22A, and 22B). Thereby, theclaw portion 400c of thedetachable lever 400 is engaged with the lockingportion 401a (see FIGS. 1 to 3), and the mounting of theoperation portion 14 and the workingportion 16 is completed. The completion of the mounting of theoperation unit 14 and the workingunit 16 is based on the fact that the attachment /detachment sensor 314 detects that thedetection shaft 316 is seated on the stop plate 179 (see FIGS. 7, 25A and 25B). 514.
 そこで、ステップS5において、コントローラ514は、ステップS4での着脱センサ314の検出をトリガとして、又は他の図示しないスイッチ入力等に基づき、カメラ224及びLED224aを駆動制御してバーコード222を撮像し(図20参照)、バーコード222から作業部16の個体情報として、仕様(先端動作部12の種類)、使用回数及び使用量制限(上限)等を取得する。また、コントローラ514では、作業部16の個体情報を取得し、該個体情報に応じて作業部16の種類に応じてモータ100、102等を適切に制御することができる。Therefore, in step S5, thecontroller 514 captures an image of thebarcode 222 by controlling the driving of thecamera 224 and theLED 224a based on the detection of the attachment /detachment sensor 314 in step S4 or based on other switch input (not shown) ( As shown in FIG. 20, the specification (type of the tip operation unit 12), the number of uses, the use amount limit (upper limit), and the like are acquired from thebarcode 222 as individual information of the workingunit 16. Further, thecontroller 514 can acquire individual information of the workingunit 16 and appropriately control themotors 100 and 102 and the like according to the type of the workingunit 16 according to the individual information.
 上記したように、操作部14と作業部16とが外見上装着完了した状態であっても、実質的な装着として駆動シャフト115(116)とプーリ158a(158b)とを係合させる係合動作と、この係合動作と共に実施して、モータ100(102)や先端動作部12を所定の原点位置や原点姿勢に設定する原点サーチ動作を行う必要がある。As described above, even when theoperation unit 14 and the workingunit 16 are apparently mounted, the engagement operation for engaging the drive shaft 115 (116) and thepulley 158a (158b) as substantial mounting. It is necessary to perform an origin search operation for setting the motor 100 (102) and the distalend operating unit 12 to a predetermined origin position and origin posture together with this engagement operation.
 そこで、ステップS6において、操作部14と作業部16とが装着されたマニピュレータ10のマスタスイッチ34(図1参照)をオンすることにより、ステップS7において、コントローラ514の制御下に、又は操作部14に内蔵される図示しない制御部の制御下に、図26A~図30Cに例示される上記した原点サーチ動作が実施される。これにより、係合凸部137(138)と係合凹部176a(176b)が係合されると共に(図25B及び図27C等参照)、駆動シャフト115及びプーリ158aが所定の原点位相に設定され(図27D等参照)、先端動作部12も所定の原点姿勢に設定されて、マニピュレータ10の使用準備が完了する(ステップS8)。このように、原点サーチ動作が実行されることにより、原点位置の検出を容易に行うことができる共に、操作部14と作業部16の装着後の動作開始を一層円滑に実行することができる。Therefore, in step S6, by turning on the master switch 34 (see FIG. 1) of themanipulator 10 to which theoperation unit 14 and the workingunit 16 are attached, in step S7, under the control of thecontroller 514 or theoperation unit 14 The above-described origin search operation illustrated in FIGS. 26A to 30C is performed under the control of a control unit (not shown) incorporated in the system. As a result, the engaging convex portion 137 (138) and the engagingconcave portion 176a (176b) are engaged (see FIGS. 25B and 27C, etc.), and thedrive shaft 115 and thepulley 158a are set to a predetermined origin phase ( As shown in FIG. 27D, the distalend working unit 12 is also set to a predetermined origin posture, and the preparation for use of themanipulator 10 is completed (step S8). As described above, by performing the origin search operation, the origin position can be easily detected, and the operation start after theoperation unit 14 and the workingunit 16 are mounted can be more smoothly performed.
 上記ステップS7による原点サーチ動作中には、マスタスイッチ34と並設されたLED29(図1参照)を、例えば緑色で点滅させるように制御する。そうすると、操作者は原点サーチ動作が実施されていることを容易に認識することができる。また、ステップS8により使用準備が完了した後は、LED29を、例えば緑色で点灯させるように制御することにより、マニピュレータ10が正常に起動されて所定の使用可能状態にあることを操作者に明示することができる。なお、LED29は、上記ステップS1~S6までは消灯されているが、その処理状態に応じた点灯や点滅等をするように制御してもよいことは勿論である。During the origin search operation in step S7, the LED 29 (see FIG. 1) arranged in parallel with themaster switch 34 is controlled to blink in green, for example. Then, the operator can easily recognize that the origin search operation is being performed. Further, after the preparation for use is completed in step S8, theLED 29 is controlled so as to be lit in green, for example, to clearly indicate to the operator that themanipulator 10 is normally activated and is in a predetermined usable state. be able to. TheLED 29 is not lit until the above steps S1 to S6. Of course, theLED 29 may be controlled to be turned on or blinking according to the processing state.
 ステップS8により使用準備が完了された後、つまりマニピュレータ10が使用可能状態となった後、操作者は、グリップハンドル26を把持すると共に、複合入力部24及びトリガレバー36を操作して、マニピュレータ10を所定の手技に対応して動作させることができる。After the preparation for use is completed in step S8, that is, after themanipulator 10 is ready for use, the operator holds the grip handle 26 and operates thecomposite input unit 24 and thetrigger lever 36 to operate themanipulator 10. Can be operated in accordance with a predetermined procedure.
 この状態で、例えば手技の一時中断等により、マスタスイッチ34がオフされた場合には(ステップS9)、LED29が消灯されてマニピュレータ10の使用可能状態が停止される。その後、作業部16を取り外す等することなく、続けて手技を行う場合には、再びマスタスイッチ34をオンすることにより(ステップS10)、ステップS8へと戻り、マニピュレータ10は再び使用可能状態となり、操作者は所定の手技を開始し又は継続することができる。この際、ステップS9からステップS10までの間、つまりマスタスイッチ34がオフされた後、オンされるまでの間に、作業部16の操作部14からの取り外し等が行われない限りは、ステップS7で設定されたモータ100、102や先端動作部12の原点位置がずれることはなく、ステップS10の後は迅速にステップS8に移行することができる。In this state, when themaster switch 34 is turned off, for example, due to a temporary interruption of the procedure (step S9), theLED 29 is turned off and the usable state of themanipulator 10 is stopped. After that, when performing the procedure without removing the workingunit 16 or the like, by turning on themaster switch 34 again (step S10), the process returns to step S8, and themanipulator 10 becomes usable again. An operator can initiate or continue a predetermined procedure. At this time, unless the detachment of the workingunit 16 from theoperation unit 14 or the like is performed from step S9 to step S10, that is, after themaster switch 34 is turned off, the step S7 is performed. The origin positions of themotors 100 and 102 and the distalend working unit 12 set in step S5 are not shifted, and after step S10, the process can quickly move to step S8.
 一方、ステップS8の後、例えば他の手技に対応して作業部16を変更するために、作業部16と操作部14とを取り外した場合には(ステップS11及びステップS12)、それぞれステップS4及びステップS3へと戻り、その後は上記した制御フローが実施される。On the other hand, after step S8, for example, when thework unit 16 and theoperation unit 14 are removed in order to change thework unit 16 in response to another procedure (step S11 and step S12), step S4 and step S4, respectively. Returning to step S3, the control flow described above is performed thereafter.
 ところで、上記ステップS5に示すバーコード222の読取動作では、例えば、図37中にE1~E3で示すようなエラーを生じることがある。マニピュレータ10で発生するエラーは、次のエラーE1~E3及びエラーE4以外の状態に係るものも当然発生する可能性があるが、以下ではエラーE1~E4を例示して説明する。By the way, in the reading operation of thebar code 222 shown in step S5, for example, errors as indicated by E1 to E3 in FIG. 37 may occur. Although errors that occur in themanipulator 10 may naturally occur in relation to states other than the following errors E1 to E3 and error E4, errors E1 to E4 will be described below as examples.
 エラーE1(バーコード読取異常)は、ステップS5におけるバーコード222の読取動作によって、バーコード222の読取異常が生じた場合、例えばカメラ224でバーコード222を正確に撮像できない場合やバーコード222がコントローラ514の制御対象の作業部16等以外のものの場合等である。この場合には、ステップS13において、LED29を、例えば赤色で点滅させるように制御する作業部取り外し要請が実施される。該作業部取り外し要請は、LED29の表示以外にも、コントローラ514の表示部(ディスプレイ)517(図1参照)にエラーE1の表示を行い、また図示しないスピーカ等により警告音等を発生するようにしてもよい。この作業部取り外し要請に応じて、操作者が作業部16を操作部14から取り外した場合には、LED29による前記赤色の点滅が消灯され、上記ステップS4に戻る。そこで、操作者は作業部16の再確認やバーコード222の汚れ等の確認等を行うことになる。Error E1 (abnormal barcode reading) occurs when thebarcode 222 reading abnormality occurs in step S5, for example, when thebarcode 222 cannot be accurately captured by thecamera 224 or when thebarcode 222 is This is the case other than thework unit 16 or the like to be controlled by thecontroller 514. In this case, in step S13, a work unit removal request for controlling theLED 29 to blink in red, for example, is performed. In addition to theLED 29 display, the work unit removal request displays an error E1 on the display unit (display) 517 (see FIG. 1) of thecontroller 514 and generates a warning sound or the like through a speaker (not shown). May be. When the operator removes thework unit 16 from theoperation unit 14 in response to the work unit removal request, the red flashing by theLED 29 is turned off, and the process returns to step S4. Therefore, the operator reconfirms the workingunit 16 and confirms the stain of thebarcode 222 and the like.
 エラーE2(使用量制限オーバー)は、ステップS5におけるバーコード222の読取動作によって、装着された作業部16が使用量制限オーバーとなっている場合である。これは、例えば所定の作業部16の使用回数制限が10回であるところ、既に10回の使用がなされているにもかかわらず当該作業部16が装着された場合や、累積使用時間制限が300時間であるところ、既に300時間を越える使用がなされているにもかかわらず当該作業部16が装着された場合や、又はマニピュレータ先端部の屈曲動作や回転動作が累積使用角度制限を越えて使用された場合等に報知されるエラーである。この場合には、上記エラーE1の場合と略同様に、ステップS13において、LED29を、例えば赤色で点滅させるように制御する作業部取り外し要請が実施される。勿論、この場合の作業部取り外し要請についても、コントローラ514の表示部517にエラーE2の表示を行い、また前記警告音等を発生するようにしてもよい。この作業部取り外し要請に応じて、操作者が作業部16を操作部14から取り外した場合には、LED29による前記赤色の点滅が消灯され、上記ステップS4に戻る。そこで、操作者は作業部16を新たな作業部16に交換する等の作業を行うことになる。Error E2 (use amount limit over) is a case where the attached workingunit 16 is over the use amount limit due to the reading operation of thebarcode 222 in step S5. This is because, for example, when the number of uses of thepredetermined work unit 16 is 10 times, when thework unit 16 is mounted even though the use of thepredetermined work unit 16 has already been performed, or the cumulative use time limit is 300. In terms of time, when the workingunit 16 is mounted even though it has already been used for more than 300 hours, or the bending or rotating operation of the manipulator tip is used beyond the cumulative use angle limit. This is an error that is notified in the event of a failure In this case, in substantially the same manner as in the case of the error E1, a work unit removal request for controlling theLED 29 to blink in red, for example, is performed in step S13. Of course, regarding the work unit removal request in this case, an error E2 may be displayed on thedisplay unit 517 of thecontroller 514, and the warning sound or the like may be generated. When the operator removes thework unit 16 from theoperation unit 14 in response to the work unit removal request, the red flashing by theLED 29 is turned off, and the process returns to step S4. Therefore, the operator performs work such as replacing thework unit 16 with anew work unit 16.
 エラーE3(撮影モジュール系異常)は、ステップS5におけるバーコード222の読取動作において、カメラ224が正常に機能しなかった場合等である。この場合には、ステップS14において、LED29を、例えば赤色で点滅させるように制御する操作部取り外し要請が実施される。この場合にも、コントローラ514の表示部517にエラーE3の表示を行い、また前記警告音等を発生するようにしてもよい。この操作部取り外し要請に応じて、操作者が操作部14を作業部16から取り外した場合には、LED29による前記赤色の点滅が消灯され、上記ステップS3に戻る。そこで、操作者は操作部14の確認や交換等の作業を行うことになる。Error E3 (imaging module system abnormality) is a case where thecamera 224 does not function normally in the reading operation of thebarcode 222 in step S5. In this case, in step S14, an operation unit removal request for controlling theLED 29 to blink in red, for example, is performed. Also in this case, the error E3 may be displayed on thedisplay unit 517 of thecontroller 514, and the warning sound or the like may be generated. When the operator removes theoperation unit 14 from thework unit 16 in response to the operation unit removal request, the red blinking by theLED 29 is turned off, and the process returns to step S3. Therefore, the operator performs operations such as confirmation and replacement of theoperation unit 14.
 同様に、上記ステップS7に示す原点サーチ動作では、例えば、図37中にE4で示すようなエラーを生じることがある。エラーE4(操作部系異常)は、ステップS7における原点サーチ動作中に異常が生じた場合、例えばコントローラ514によりモータ100、102の異常が検知された場合や原点サーチが所定時間内に完了しない場合(カップリングセンサ306等の検出ができない場合)等である。この場合には、上記エラーE3の場合と略同様に、ステップS14において、LED29を、例えば赤色で点滅させるように制御する操作部取り外し要請が実施される。この場合にも、コントローラ514の表示部517にエラーE3の表示を行い、また前記警告音等を発生するようにしてもよい。この操作部取り外し要請に応じて、操作者が操作部14を作業部16から取り外した場合には、LED29による前記赤色の点滅が消灯され、上記ステップS3に戻る。そこで、操作者は操作部14の確認や交換等の作業を行うことになる。Similarly, in the origin search operation shown in step S7, an error as indicated by E4 in FIG. 37 may occur, for example. Error E4 (operation system abnormality) occurs when an abnormality occurs during the origin search operation in step S7, for example, when an abnormality of themotors 100 and 102 is detected by thecontroller 514, or when the origin search is not completed within a predetermined time. (When thecoupling sensor 306 cannot be detected). In this case, in the same manner as in the case of the error E3, in step S14, an operation unit removal request for controlling theLED 29 to blink in red, for example, is performed. Also in this case, the error E3 may be displayed on thedisplay unit 517 of thecontroller 514, and the warning sound or the like may be generated. When the operator removes theoperation unit 14 from thework unit 16 in response to the operation unit removal request, the red blinking by theLED 29 is turned off, and the process returns to step S3. Therefore, the operator performs operations such as confirmation and replacement of theoperation unit 14.
 なお、各ステップS1~S14を含む各状態において、例えば、コントローラ514の電源スイッチ516や図示しない別の主電源スイッチ等がオフされた場合や、コントローラ514に接続された図示しない電源プラグ等からの電源コードが抜ける等した場合、さらにはコントローラ514で各種の故障や異常等が発生した場合には、マニピュレータ10では所定の終了処理(LED29は、例えば赤色の点滅に制御される)の後、操作終了となる。In each state including steps S1 to S14, for example, when thepower switch 516 of thecontroller 514 or another main power switch (not shown) is turned off, or from a power plug (not shown) connected to thecontroller 514 or the like. When the power cord is disconnected, or when various failures or abnormalities occur in thecontroller 514, themanipulator 10 operates after a predetermined termination process (theLED 29 is controlled to flash, for example, red). End.
 以上のように、本実施形態に係るマニピュレータ10によれば、駆動部30を含む操作部14と作業部16とが互いに着脱可能であり、従動軸であるプーリ158a、158bの許容回転範囲θに基づいて設定された1以上(n箇所)の位相で駆動シャフト115、116側の係合凸部137、138とプーリ158a、158b側の係合凹部176a、176bとが互いに係合可能に構成されている。このため、プーリ158a、158bの回転によって動作される先端動作部12の動作領域を考慮した最大数(n箇所)の係合位相で係合凸部137、138と係合凹部176a、176bとの係合を可能に構成することができ、カップリング形状の対称化を図ることができ、原点サーチ動作に要する時間を可及的に短縮することが可能となる。As described above, according to themanipulator 10 according to the present embodiment, theoperation unit 14 including thedrive unit 30 and the workingunit 16 can be attached to and detached from each other, and the allowable rotation range θ of thepulleys 158a and 158b that are driven shafts is achieved. The engagementconvex portions 137 and 138 on thedrive shafts 115 and 116 side and the engagementconcave portions 176a and 176b on thepulleys 158a and 158b side can be engaged with each other at one or more (n places) phases set based on the phase. ing. Therefore, the engagementconvex portions 137 and 138 and the engagementconcave portions 176a and 176b are engaged with the maximum number (n places) of engagement phases in consideration of the operation region of thetip operation portion 12 operated by the rotation of thepulleys 158a and 158b. The engagement can be configured, the coupling shape can be symmetrized, and the time required for the origin search operation can be shortened as much as possible.
 この場合、係合凸部137(138)がコイルばね121によって弾性支持されているため、操作部14と作業部16とを装着した際、係合凸部137(138)と係合凹部176a(176b)の係合位相が一致していない状態であっても、これら係合凸部137等が破損することがない。さらに、弾性支持された係合凸部137(138)にカップリングセンサ306(308)の検出部である検出シャフト310、312が連結されていることにより、カップリングの検出が容易且つ確実であり、しかもカップリングセンサ306(308)は操作部14側にあるため、コントローラ514等への接続も容易である。しかも、上記したように、n箇所以下の位相でのみ係合凸部137(138)と係合凹部176a(176b)が係合可能に構成することにより、原点サーチ動作での原点誤検出等の不良の発生を有効に抑えることができる。In this case, since the engaging convex portion 137 (138) is elastically supported by thecoil spring 121, when the operatingportion 14 and the workingportion 16 are mounted, the engaging convex portion 137 (138) and the engagingconcave portion 176a ( Even if the engagement phase of 176b) is not in agreement, theseengagement projections 137 and the like are not damaged. Further, since thedetection shafts 310 and 312 which are detection portions of the coupling sensor 306 (308) are connected to the engagement convex portions 137 (138) which are elastically supported, the detection of the coupling is easy and reliable. Moreover, since the coupling sensor 306 (308) is on theoperation unit 14 side, connection to thecontroller 514 and the like is easy. In addition, as described above, the engagement convex portion 137 (138) and the engagementconcave portion 176a (176b) are configured to be engageable only at the phase of n or less, thereby making it possible to detect an origin error in the origin search operation. The occurrence of defects can be effectively suppressed.
 また、着脱センサ314及びカップリングセンサ306(308)を設けたことにより、操作部14(駆動部30)と作業部16との装着、及び係合凸部137(138)と係合凹部176a(176b)との係合を確実に検出することができ、装着不良や係合不良を防止することができる。Further, the attachment /detachment sensor 314 and the coupling sensor 306 (308) are provided, so that the operation unit 14 (drive unit 30) and the workingunit 16 are mounted, and the engagement projection 137 (138) and theengagement recess 176a ( 176b) can be reliably detected, and mounting failure and engagement failure can be prevented.
 マニピュレータ10では、先端動作部12を機械的に駆動する機構部であるトリガレバー36、トリガレバー取付部32b及び棒状又は線状の伝達部材であるロッド192a、192b等が全て作業部16側に設けられている。一方、先端動作部12を電気的に駆動する機構部である駆動部30等と、プーリ158a、158b及びワイヤ1052、1054等とは互いに操作部14側と作業部16側に分離するように設けられている。つまり、電気的な駆動部を構成するモータ100、102の回転駆動力は、係合凸部137(138)と係合凹部176a(176b)との間のカップリング構造によって比較的容易に分離可能な構造に構成することができるが、トリガレバー36の操作をロッド192a等によって直接的に伝達する機械的な駆動部は分離構造を構成すると、その構造がやや複雑になり易い。そこで、マニピュレータ10では、機械的な駆動部を構成するトリガレバー36やロッド192a等を作業部16側にまとめて配置したことにより、操作部14と作業部16との着脱構造が一層簡便に構成されている。特に、ロッド192a、192bはZ方向での進退動作によってトリガレバー36への入力を伝達する構造、つまり棒状又は線状の伝達部材として構成されていることから、これらを分離しない構造としたことにより、前記着脱構造が一層簡素化されている。In themanipulator 10, atrigger lever 36 that is a mechanism that mechanically drives the distalend working unit 12, a triggerlever mounting portion 32 b, androds 192 a and 192 b that are rod-shaped or linear transmission members are all provided on the workingunit 16 side. It has been. On the other hand, thedrive unit 30 which is a mechanism unit for electrically driving the distalend working unit 12, thepulleys 158a, 158b, thewires 1052, 1054, etc. are provided so as to be separated from each other on theoperation unit 14 side and the workingunit 16 side. It has been. That is, the rotational driving force of themotors 100 and 102 constituting the electric drive unit can be separated relatively easily by the coupling structure between the engagement convex part 137 (138) and the engagementconcave part 176a (176b). However, if the mechanical drive unit that directly transmits the operation of thetrigger lever 36 by therod 192a or the like constitutes a separation structure, the structure tends to be somewhat complicated. Therefore, in themanipulator 10, thetrigger lever 36, therod 192a, and the like constituting the mechanical drive unit are collectively arranged on the workingunit 16 side, so that the detachable structure between theoperation unit 14 and the workingunit 16 is further simplified. Has been. In particular, therods 192a and 192b are configured to transmit the input to thetrigger lever 36 by advancing and retreating operations in the Z direction, that is, as rod-shaped or linear transmission members, so that they are not separated. The attachment / detachment structure is further simplified.
 この場合、トリガレバー36のラッチ機構を構成する爪部206aと係合リング27とが、それぞれ作業部16側(又は操作部14側でもよい)と操作部14側(又は作業部16側でもよい)に設けられている。これにより、トリガレバー36にその位置を固定するラッチ機構を搭載した場合であっても、操作部14と作業部16とを容易に着脱可能な構成にすることができる。In this case, theclaw portion 206a and theengagement ring 27 constituting the latch mechanism of thetrigger lever 36 may be on the workingportion 16 side (or the operatingportion 14 side) and the operatingportion 14 side (or the workingportion 16 side), respectively. ). Thereby, even if it is a case where the latch mechanism which fixes the position to thetrigger lever 36 is mounted, it can be set as the structure which can attach or detach theoperation part 14 and the operation | workpart 16 easily.
 このようなトリガレバー36及びそのラッチ構造は、例えば、図38~図49に示すような構造とすることもできる。すなわち、上記の通り、前記のトリガレバー36は、グリップハンドル26の方向に引ききった状態を維持させるラッチ機構が作業部16側のラチェット爪206と操作部14側の係合リング27によって構成されており、作業部16を操作部14から取り外した状態ではラッチされない。ところが、手技の種類によっては、作業部16を操作部14から取り外した単体でトリガレバー36をラッチさせておくと便利な場合もある。例えば、作業部16が単体の状態でその連結シャフト18をトラカール20から出し入れする場合であり、このような場合には先端動作部12のエンドエフェクタ(グリッパ)1300を閉状態に維持させるためにトリガレバー36を引ききった状態に維持させておくことが好ましい。以下、作業部16が単体の状態でもトリガレバー36を引いた状態に維持する自己ラッチ機構900a~900gについて説明する。Such atrigger lever 36 and its latch structure may be structured as shown in FIGS. 38 to 49, for example. That is, as described above, thetrigger lever 36 includes theratchet pawl 206 on the workingunit 16 side and theengagement ring 27 on theoperation unit 14 side, which is a latch mechanism that maintains the pulled state in the direction of thegrip handle 26. In the state where the workingunit 16 is detached from theoperation unit 14, it is not latched. However, depending on the type of procedure, it may be convenient to latch thetrigger lever 36 as a single unit with the workingunit 16 removed from theoperation unit 14. For example, when the workingunit 16 is a single unit, the connectingshaft 18 is taken in and out of thetrocar 20, and in such a case, a trigger is used to keep the end effector (gripper) 1300 of the distalend working unit 12 closed. It is preferable to keep thelever 36 in a fully pulled state. Hereinafter, the self-latchingmechanisms 900a to 900g that keep thetrigger lever 36 pulled even when the workingunit 16 is a single unit will be described.
 図38に示すように、第1例に係る自己ラッチ機構900aは、トリガレバー取付部32bの下面に設けられたZ方向に延在する長孔902と、指輪部202の斜め上方部の軸904に軸支されたラッチアーム906とを有する。ラッチアーム906における軸904の周辺部は内部空間203内にある。As shown in FIG. 38, the self-latch mechanism 900a according to the first example includes along hole 902 provided in the lower surface of the triggerlever mounting portion 32b and extending in the Z direction, and ashaft 904 obliquely above thering portion 202. And alatch arm 906 supported on the shaft. A peripheral portion of theshaft 904 in thelatch arm 906 is in theinternal space 203.
 長孔902のZ2方向端部には、斜め上方に折れ曲がった短いラッチ溝902aが設けられている。ラッチアーム906は、軸904よりも前方(Z1側)で先端のローラ908が長孔902に挿入されてガイドされるガイドバー910と、軸904よりも後方(Z2側)で円弧形状をなすバランスバー912とを有する。バランスバー912は、指輪部202の円弧と同形状であり、中央部で下向きの指押突起912aと、端部の錘912bとを有する。Ashort latch groove 902a bent obliquely upward is provided at the end of thelong hole 902 in the Z2 direction. Thelatch arm 906 includes aguide bar 910 that is guided by afront end roller 908 inserted into thelong hole 902 in front of the shaft 904 (Z1 side), and an arc-shaped balance behind the shaft 904 (Z2 side).Bar 912. Thebalance bar 912 has the same shape as the arc of thering portion 202, and includes afinger pressing projection 912a that faces downward at the center portion, and aweight 912b at the end portion.
 バランスバー912は、円弧形状であることから適度な長さが確保されるとともに端部に錘912bを有することからガイドバー910よりもやや重く、ラッチアーム906は図38における時計方向の回転力を受けている。この回転力は小さく、トリガレバー36の操作に支障はない。バランスバー912は適度な長さが確保されているが、円弧形状であることからZ2方向に過度に突出することはなくグリップハンドル26に干渉することはない。図38から明らかなように、トリガレバー36を先端方向(Z1方向)に押し出しているときにはバランスバー912のほぼ全部は内部空間203よりも外に出ている。ここで、時計方向への回転力は、ばねの力を用いてもよい。Since thebalance bar 912 has a circular arc shape, an appropriate length is ensured and aweight 912b is provided at the end, so that thebalance bar 912 is slightly heavier than theguide bar 910, and thelatch arm 906 has a clockwise rotational force in FIG. is recieving. This rotational force is small and does not hinder the operation of thetrigger lever 36. Thebalance bar 912 has an appropriate length, but since it has an arc shape, it does not protrude excessively in the Z2 direction and does not interfere with thegrip handle 26. As is clear from FIG. 38, when thetrigger lever 36 is pushed in the distal direction (Z1 direction), almost all of thebalance bar 912 is out of theinternal space 203. Here, a spring force may be used as the clockwise rotational force.
 図39に示すように、トリガレバー36をZ2方向に引ききると、ローラ908は、長孔902におけるZ方向直線部における端部に達し、このときグリッパであるエンドエフェクタ1300は閉状態となる。ラッチアーム906は、バランスバー912による回転力を受けていることから、ここでトリガレバー36から指を離すと時計方向にやや回転し、図40に示すようにローラ908はラッチ溝902aに嵌り込む。これによって、トリガレバー36はその位置に保持され、ラッチされることになる。As shown in FIG. 39, when thetrigger lever 36 is pulled in the Z2 direction, theroller 908 reaches the end of theelongated hole 902 at the straight portion in the Z direction, and at this time, theend effector 1300, which is a gripper, is closed. Since thelatch arm 906 receives the rotational force from thebalance bar 912, when the finger is released from thetrigger lever 36, thelatch arm 906 rotates slightly clockwise, and theroller 908 fits into thelatch groove 902a as shown in FIG. . As a result, thetrigger lever 36 is held in that position and latched.
 図40に示すように、バランスバー912は指輪部202の周辺部に沿って内部空間203に入り込むことから、外方に無駄な突起がなく扱い易い。指押突起912aは指輪部202内にやや突出しており、該指押突起912aを押し込むことによってラッチ状態は簡便に解除される。As shown in FIG. 40, since thebalance bar 912 enters theinternal space 203 along the periphery of thering portion 202, it is easy to handle without a wasteful protrusion on the outside. The fingerpressing projection 912a slightly protrudes into thering portion 202, and the latched state is easily released by pushing thefinger pressing projection 912a.
 次に、図41に示すように、第2例に係る自己ラッチ機構900bは、トリガレバー取付部32bの軸920に軸支されたガイドアーム922と、トリガレバー36に設けられた長孔924と、指輪部202の斜め下方部の軸926に軸支されたラッチアーム928と、該ラッチアーム928の端部を上方に向かって付勢するばね930とを有する。ガイドアーム922の下端部とラッチアーム928のほぼ全部は内部空間203内にある。Next, as shown in FIG. 41, the self-latchingmechanism 900b according to the second example includes aguide arm 922 pivotally supported on theshaft 920 of the triggerlever mounting portion 32b, and along hole 924 provided in thetrigger lever 36. And alatch arm 928 that is pivotally supported by ashaft 926 at an oblique lower portion of thering portion 202, and aspring 930 that biases the end of thelatch arm 928 upward. Almost all of the lower end of theguide arm 922 and thelatch arm 928 are in theinternal space 203.
 長孔924は、指輪部202の前方(Z1側)において、アーム部200と略平行に延在しており、ガイドアーム922の下端に設けられたローラ932が挿入されている。長孔924のZ2側には低いガイド壁924aが設けられている。Thelong hole 924 extends substantially in parallel with thearm part 200 in front of the ring part 202 (Z1 side), and aroller 932 provided at the lower end of theguide arm 922 is inserted therein. On the Z2 side of thelong hole 924, alow guide wall 924a is provided.
 ラッチアーム928は、軸926の部分で屈曲した幅広V字形状であって、軸926よりも前方(Z1側)の前方アーム934と、軸926よりも後方(Z2側)の後方アーム936とを有する。Thelatch arm 928 has a wide V-shape bent at a portion of theshaft 926, and includes afront arm 934 in front of the shaft 926 (Z1 side) and arear arm 936 in rear of the shaft 926 (Z2 side). Have.
 前方アーム934は、先端の切欠部934aと、該切欠部934aよりもやや根元側で側方に突出したストッパ934bとを有する。ストッパ934bはガイド壁924aに当接しており、ラッチアーム928の図41における反時計方向への回転を制限している。Thefront arm 934 has anotch 934a at the tip and astopper 934b that protrudes to the side slightly on the root side from thenotch 934a. Thestopper 934b is in contact with theguide wall 924a and restricts the rotation of thelatch arm 928 in the counterclockwise direction in FIG.
 後方アーム936は、中央部上面に設けられた指押部936aを有する。後方アーム936のZ2方向端部は、ばね930によって上方に向かって付勢されており、ラッチアーム928は図41における反時計方向の回転力を受けており、前記のストッパ934b及びばね930の反対側に突設されたストッパピン937によって所定角度で止まり、切欠部934aは長孔924の上端部近傍に配置されている。Therear arm 936 has a fingerpressing part 936a provided on the upper surface of the central part. The Z2 direction end of therear arm 936 is biased upward by aspring 930, and thelatch arm 928 receives a counterclockwise rotational force in FIG. 41, opposite to thestopper 934b and thespring 930. Thestopper pin 937 projecting on the side stops at a predetermined angle, and thenotch 934 a is disposed in the vicinity of the upper end of thelong hole 924.
 トリガレバー36をZ2方向に引くと、ローラ932は長孔924によって上方へ案内され、ガイドアーム922は軸920を中心として反時計方向に回転する。やがてローラ932は切欠部934aの手前側に形成された三角形状部934cに当接して、ばね930の付勢力に抗して該三角形状部934cを乗り越える。ばね930は適度に軽く、乗り越え操作に支障はない。ローラ932が三角形状部934cを乗り越えるときに適度なクリック感が得られ、操作者はラッチ状態を確認できる。When thetrigger lever 36 is pulled in the Z2 direction, theroller 932 is guided upward by thelong hole 924, and theguide arm 922 rotates counterclockwise about theshaft 920. Eventually, theroller 932 comes into contact with thetriangular portion 934c formed on the front side of thenotch 934a and climbs over thetriangular portion 934c against the urging force of thespring 930. Thespring 930 is moderately light, and there is no hindrance to the climbing operation. When theroller 932 gets over thetriangular portion 934c, an appropriate click feeling is obtained, and the operator can confirm the latched state.
 図42に示すように、ローラ932は切欠部934aに嵌り込む。後方アーム936はばね930によって反時計方向に付勢され続けていることから、ストッパ934bがガイド壁924aに当接(又は略当接)する位置まで戻され、同時にストッパピン937から後方アーム936が一瞬離れた後当接し、結局ローラ932は切欠部934aと長孔924の上端部で形成される隙間に保持されることになる。これにより、トリガレバー36はその位置に保持され、ラッチされることになる。指押部936aは指輪部202内にやや突出しており、該指押部936aを押し込むことによってラッチ状態は簡便に解除される。42, theroller 932 fits into thenotch 934a. Since therear arm 936 is continuously urged counterclockwise by thespring 930, thestopper 934b is returned to a position where it abuts (or substantially abuts) on theguide wall 924a, and at the same time, therear arm 936 is moved from thestopper pin 937. After a momentary separation, therollers 932 are held in a gap formed by thenotch 934a and the upper end of theelongated hole 924. As a result, thetrigger lever 36 is held in that position and is latched. The fingerpressing part 936a slightly protrudes into thering part 202, and the latched state is easily released by pushing thefinger pressing part 936a.
 次に、図43A~図44に示すように、第3例に係る自己ラッチ機構900cは、トリガレバー取付部32bの一側面に設けられたZ方向に延在する長孔940と、指輪部202の斜め上方部の軸942に軸支されたラッチアーム944と、指輪部202の略半周に沿って配置された略L字状のスイングアーム946と、スイングアーム946を揺動させるレバー208とを備える。ラッチアーム944における軸942の周辺部と、スイングアーム946及びレバー208の一部は、内部空間203内に配置されている。Next, as shown in FIGS. 43A to 44, the self-latchingmechanism 900c according to the third example includes along hole 940 provided in one side surface of the triggerlever attachment portion 32b and aring portion 202. Alatch arm 944 that is pivotally supported by ashaft 942 at an obliquely upper portion, a substantially L-shapedswing arm 946 that is disposed along a substantially half circumference of thering portion 202, and alever 208 that swings theswing arm 946. Prepare. A peripheral portion of theshaft 942 in thelatch arm 944 and a part of theswing arm 946 and thelever 208 are disposed in theinternal space 203.
 長孔940のZ2方向端部には、斜め上方に折れ曲がった短いラッチ溝940aが設けられている。ラッチアーム944は、軸942よりも前方(Z1側)で先端のローラ948が長孔940に挿入されてガイドされるロッドである。ラッチアーム944は、軸942に設けられたねじりばね950により、軸942を中心として図43Aで時計方向の付勢力を受けている。Ashort latch groove 940a bent obliquely upward is provided at the end of thelong hole 940 in the Z2 direction. Thelatch arm 944 is a rod that is guided by inserting aroller 948 at the front end into theelongated hole 940 in front of the shaft 942 (Z1 side). Thelatch arm 944 receives a biasing force in the clockwise direction in FIG. 43A about theshaft 942 by atorsion spring 950 provided on theshaft 942.
 スイングアーム946は、L字の屈曲部が揺動軸207に軸支されると共に、該屈曲部からY1方向に湾曲して延びた第1アーム952と、該屈曲部からZ2方向に延びた第2アーム954とを有する。第2アーム954のZ2側端部は、コイルばね956によって上方に付勢されており、つまり、スイングアーム946は、コイルばね956により、揺動軸207を中心として図43Aで反時計方向の付勢力を受けている。Theswing arm 946 has an L-shaped bent portion pivotally supported by theswing shaft 207, afirst arm 952 that extends from the bent portion in a Y1 direction, and afirst arm 952 that extends in the Z2 direction from the bent portion. 2arms 954. The Z2 side end of thesecond arm 954 is biased upward by thecoil spring 956, that is, theswing arm 946 is counterclockwise in FIG. 43A about theswing shaft 207 by thecoil spring 956. I am receiving power.
 レバー208は、図17に示すレバー208と略同形状且つ略同機能であり、内部空間203内の一端側が揺動軸213に軸支されている。このため、レバー208は、コイルばね956によってY2方向に付勢された第2アーム954のZ1方向端によって押圧されるため、図43Aや図44に示すような姿勢で保持しておくことができる。Thelever 208 has substantially the same shape and function as thelever 208 shown in FIG. 17, and one end side in theinternal space 203 is pivotally supported by theswing shaft 213. For this reason, since thelever 208 is pressed by the Z1 direction end of thesecond arm 954 urged in the Y2 direction by thecoil spring 956, it can be held in a posture as shown in FIG. 43A or FIG. .
 先ず、図43Aに示すように、レバー208の操作端208bをY2方向に押し下げたアンロック状態(ラッチ解除状態)では、レバー208の押圧面208aが第2アーム954の揺動軸207よりZ2側に突出した部位に当接しており、コイルばね956の付勢作用下に、図43Aに示す状態でスイングアーム946が固定される。これにより、トリガレバー36をZ2方向に大きく引き寄せたとしても、図43Bに示すようにラッチアーム944のY2側端部が第1アーム952の先端に当接して回り止めされる。なお、このときグリッパであるエンドエフェクタ1300は閉状態となる。従って、ローラ948が長孔940におけるZ方向直線部に常時配置され、トリガレバー36がラッチ(ロック)されず、アンロック状態のままで使用することができる。First, as shown in FIG. 43A, in the unlocked state (latch release state) in which theoperation end 208b of thelever 208 is pushed down in the Y2 direction, thepressing surface 208a of thelever 208 is on the Z2 side from theswing shaft 207 of thesecond arm 954. Theswing arm 946 is fixed in the state shown in FIG. 43A under the biasing action of thecoil spring 956. As a result, even if thetrigger lever 36 is largely pulled in the Z2 direction, the Y2 side end of thelatch arm 944 comes into contact with the tip of thefirst arm 952 and is prevented from rotating as shown in FIG. 43B. At this time, theend effector 1300 which is a gripper is in a closed state. Therefore, theroller 948 is always disposed in the Z-direction linear portion in thelong hole 940, and thetrigger lever 36 is not latched (locked), and can be used in an unlocked state.
 一方、図44に示すように、レバー208の操作端208bをY1方向に押し上げた状態では、ラッチアーム944のY2側端部と第1アーム952の先端とが当接しない。そこで、この状態でトリガレバー36をZ2方向に引ききると、ローラ948は、長孔940におけるZ方向直線部のZ2側端部に達する。この際、トリガレバー36から指を離すと、ラッチアーム944がねじりばね950によって時計方向の付勢力を受けていることから、トリガレバー36が時計方向にやや回転し、図44に示すようにローラ948がラッチ溝940aに嵌り込む。これにより、トリガレバー36はその位置に保持され、その動作がロックされてラッチ状態となる。On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 44, when theoperation end 208b of thelever 208 is pushed up in the Y1 direction, the Y2 side end of thelatch arm 944 does not contact the tip of thefirst arm 952. Accordingly, when thetrigger lever 36 is pulled in the Z2 direction in this state, theroller 948 reaches the Z2 side end of the Z-direction straight line portion in theelongated hole 940. At this time, when the finger is released from thetrigger lever 36, thelatch arm 944 receives a clockwise biasing force by thetorsion spring 950, so that thetrigger lever 36 rotates slightly in the clockwise direction, as shown in FIG. 948 fits into thelatch groove 940a. As a result, thetrigger lever 36 is held in that position, the operation is locked, and a latch state is established.
 続いて、ラッチ状態を解除する場合には、図43Bに示すように、レバー208の外部に露出した操作端208bをY2方向に押し下げ、該レバー208を、揺動軸213を支点として揺動させる。これにより、押圧面208aがスイングアーム946をコイルばね956の弾性力に抗して揺動させ、第1アーム952の先端がラッチアーム944の基端を押し込むため、ラッチアーム944はねじりばね950の付勢力に抗して反時計方向に回転し、ローラ948がラッチ溝940aから外れ、ラッチ状態が解除される。Subsequently, when releasing the latched state, as shown in FIG. 43B, theoperation end 208b exposed to the outside of thelever 208 is pushed down in the Y2 direction, and thelever 208 is swung around the rockingshaft 213 as a fulcrum. . As a result, thepressing surface 208a swings theswing arm 946 against the elastic force of thecoil spring 956, and the distal end of thefirst arm 952 pushes the proximal end of thelatch arm 944. It rotates counterclockwise against the urging force, and theroller 948 is removed from thelatch groove 940a, and the latched state is released.
 次に、図45A~図46に示すように、第4例に係る自己ラッチ機構900dは、ラッチ溝940aを有する長孔940と、軸942に軸支されて先端にローラ948を有するラッチアーム944と、指輪部202の略半周に沿って配置された略L字状のスイングアーム958とを備える。ラッチアーム944における軸942の周辺部と、スイングアーム958の大部分は、内部空間203内に配置されている。Next, as shown in FIGS. 45A to 46, a self-latchingmechanism 900d according to a fourth example includes along hole 940 having alatch groove 940a and alatch arm 944 that is supported by ashaft 942 and has aroller 948 at the tip. And a substantially L-shapedswing arm 958 disposed along a substantially half circumference of thering portion 202. A peripheral portion of theshaft 942 in thelatch arm 944 and most of theswing arm 958 are disposed in theinternal space 203.
 ラッチアーム944は、軸942に設けられたねじりばね950により、軸942を中心として図45Aで時計方向の付勢力を受けている。Thelatch arm 944 receives a biasing force in the clockwise direction in FIG. 45A around theshaft 942 by atorsion spring 950 provided on theshaft 942.
 スイングアーム958は、L字の屈曲部からY1方向に延びた第1アーム962と、該屈曲部からZ2方向に延びた第2アーム964とを有し、該屈曲部の外側には、ピン966が係合する切欠き968が形成されている。スイングアーム958は、第1アーム962の中央付近に設けられた揺動軸960に軸支されると共に、揺動軸960に設けられたねじりばね970により、揺動軸960を中心として図45Aで時計方向の付勢力を受けている。Theswing arm 958 includes afirst arm 962 extending in the Y1 direction from the L-shaped bent portion and asecond arm 964 extending in the Z2 direction from the bent portion, and apin 966 is disposed outside the bent portion. Anotch 968 that engages is formed. Theswing arm 958 is supported by aswing shaft 960 provided in the vicinity of the center of thefirst arm 962, and by atorsion spring 970 provided on theswing shaft 960, theswing arm 958 is centered on theswing shaft 960 in FIG. Receives a clockwise urging force.
 図45Aに示す状態は、スイングアーム958がねじりばね970によって時計方向に付勢され、ピン966が切欠き968の奥部に当接したアンロック状態(ラッチ解除状態)である。この状態では、トリガレバー36をZ2方向に大きく引き寄せたとしても、図45Bに示すようにラッチアーム944のY2(Z2)側端部が第1アーム962の先端に当接して回り止めされる。従って、ローラ948が長孔940におけるZ方向直線部に常時配置され、トリガレバー36がラッチ(ロック)されず、アンロック状態のままで使用することができる。45A is an unlocked state (latch release state) in which theswing arm 958 is urged clockwise by thetorsion spring 970 and thepin 966 is in contact with the back of thenotch 968. FIG. In this state, even if thetrigger lever 36 is largely pulled in the Z2 direction, the Y2 (Z2) side end of thelatch arm 944 comes into contact with the tip of thefirst arm 962 and is prevented from rotating as shown in FIG. 45B. Therefore, theroller 948 is always disposed in the Z-direction linear portion in thelong hole 940, and thetrigger lever 36 is not latched (locked), and can be used in an unlocked state.
 図45A及び図45Bに示すように、前記のアンロック状態では、スイングアーム958の屈曲部外側の第1操作端958aが内部空間203から外部に多少突出している。45A and 45B, in the unlocked state, thefirst operation end 958a outside the bent portion of theswing arm 958 slightly protrudes from theinternal space 203 to the outside.
 そこで、図46に示すように、第1操作端958aを押し込み、スイングアーム958をねじりばね970の付勢力に抗して反時計方向に回転させると、第1アーム962の先端がZ1方向に後退する。この状態で、トリガレバー36をZ2方向に引ききると、ローラ948は、長孔940におけるZ方向直線部のZ2側端部に達すると共に、ラッチアーム944がねじりばね950によって時計方向に回転し、ローラ948がラッチ溝940aに嵌り込む。これにより、図46に示すように、ラッチアーム944とスイングアーム958とが当接した状態でその動作が固定され、トリガレバー36はその位置に保持され、その動作がロックされてラッチ状態となる。Therefore, as shown in FIG. 46, when thefirst operating end 958a is pushed in and theswing arm 958 is rotated counterclockwise against the biasing force of thetorsion spring 970, the tip of thefirst arm 962 moves backward in the Z1 direction. To do. In this state, when thetrigger lever 36 is pulled in the Z2 direction, theroller 948 reaches the Z2 side end portion of the Z-direction linear portion in theelongated hole 940, and thelatch arm 944 is rotated clockwise by thetorsion spring 950. 948 fits into thelatch groove 940a. As a result, as shown in FIG. 46, the operation is fixed in a state where thelatch arm 944 and theswing arm 958 are in contact with each other, thetrigger lever 36 is held in that position, and the operation is locked to be in a latch state. .
 なお、トリガレバー36をラッチ状態にしてロックするためには、上記のように第1操作端958aを押し込む以外にも、図45Bに示す状態から、トリガレバー36をZ2方向により強く引き寄せるだけの操作によっても可能である。すなわち、図45Bから諒解されるように、ラッチアーム944の回り止めをするスイングアーム958の第1アーム962の先端は、該スイングアーム958の回転軸である揺動軸960からの距離が短く、そのモーメントが小さい。このため、ラッチアーム944を付勢するねじりばね950に対して、スイングアーム958を付勢するねじりばね970の弾性力を適度に小さいものに設定しておけば、図45Bに示す状態からトリガレバー36を強く引き寄せるだけで、図46に示すように、スイングアーム958を反時計方向に強制的に回転させ、ラッチアーム944のローラ948をラッチ溝940aに嵌めてラッチ状態とすることができる。Note that in order to lock thetrigger lever 36 in the latched state, in addition to pushing thefirst operating end 958a as described above, thetrigger lever 36 is simply pulled more strongly in the Z2 direction from the state shown in FIG. 45B. Is also possible. That is, as can be seen from FIG. 45B, the tip of thefirst arm 962 of theswing arm 958 that prevents thelatch arm 944 from rotating has a short distance from theswing shaft 960 that is the rotation axis of theswing arm 958, The moment is small. For this reason, if the elastic force of thetorsion spring 970 for urging theswing arm 958 is set to be moderately small with respect to thetorsion spring 950 for urging thelatch arm 944, the trigger lever can be moved from the state shown in FIG. 45B. 46, theswing arm 958 can be forcibly rotated counterclockwise and theroller 948 of thelatch arm 944 can be fitted into thelatch groove 940a to be in a latched state, as shown in FIG.
 続いて、ラッチ状態を解除する場合には、図46に示すラッチ状態で指輪部202内に突出しているスイングアーム958の第2操作端958bをY2方向に押し下げ、スイングアーム958を時計方向に回転させる。これにより、第1アーム962の先端がラッチアーム944の基端を押し込むため、該ラッチアーム944はねじりばね950の付勢力に抗して反時計方向に回転し、ローラ948がラッチ溝940aから外れ、ラッチ状態が解除される。Subsequently, when releasing the latched state, thesecond operating end 958b of theswing arm 958 protruding into thering portion 202 in the latched state shown in FIG. 46 is pushed down in the Y2 direction, and theswing arm 958 is rotated in the clockwise direction. Let As a result, the distal end of thefirst arm 962 pushes the proximal end of thelatch arm 944, so that thelatch arm 944 rotates counterclockwise against the biasing force of thetorsion spring 950, and theroller 948 comes off thelatch groove 940a. The latch state is released.
 次に、図47A及び図47Bに示すように、第5例に係る自己ラッチ機構900eは、ラッチ溝940aを有する長孔940と、指輪部202の斜め上方部の軸972に軸支されたラッチアーム974と、ラッチアーム974のY2方向端に軸976によって連結され、指輪部202のZ2側に沿って指掛け突起204bの途中まで延びたリンクアーム978とを備える。ラッチアーム944における軸942の周辺部と、リンクアーム978は、内部空間203内に配置されている。Next, as shown in FIGS. 47A and 47B, the self-latchingmechanism 900e according to the fifth example includes along hole 940 having alatch groove 940a and a latch pivotally supported by ashaft 972 obliquely above thering portion 202. Thearm 974 includes alink arm 978 that is connected to the Y2 direction end of thelatch arm 974 by ashaft 976 and extends partway along the Z2 side of thering portion 202 to thefinger hooking projection 204b. The peripheral portion of theshaft 942 in thelatch arm 944 and thelink arm 978 are disposed in theinternal space 203.
 ラッチアーム974は、軸972よりも前方(Z1側)で先端のローラ948が長孔940に挿入されてガイドされるロッドである。Thelatch arm 974 is a rod that is guided by inserting aroller 948 at the front end into thelong hole 940 in front of the shaft 972 (Z1 side).
 リンクアーム978は、指輪部202の略半周に沿って設けられると共に、その先端がラッチアーム974に連結された湾曲部980と、該湾曲部980からY2方向に延びた直線部982とを有し、直線部982の先端が軸984によって軸支されている。リンクアーム978は、軸984に設けられたねじりばね986により、軸984を中心として図47Aで反時計方向の付勢力を受けている。すなわち、ねじりばね986から反時計方向の付勢力を受けるリンクアーム978が軸976によって連結されたラッチアーム974は、軸972を中心としてねじりばね986から間接的に図47Aで時計方向の付勢力を受けている。Thelink arm 978 is provided along a substantially half circumference of thering portion 202, and has acurved portion 980 whose tip is connected to thelatch arm 974, and alinear portion 982 extending from thecurved portion 980 in the Y2 direction. The tip of thestraight portion 982 is pivotally supported by ashaft 984. Thelink arm 978 receives a biasing force counterclockwise in FIG. 47A about theshaft 984 by atorsion spring 986 provided on theshaft 984. That is, thelatch arm 974 in which thelink arm 978 receiving the counterclockwise biasing force from thetorsion spring 986 is connected by theshaft 976 indirectly receives the clockwise biasing force in FIG. 47A from thetorsion spring 986 around theshaft 972. is recieving.
 先ず、トリガレバー36をラッチ可能な状態で使用する場合には、指輪部202に指を掛けず、指掛け突起204a、204bに、例えば中指を掛けてトリガレバー36を操作する。つまり、図47Aに示すように、指輪部202内に突出している湾曲部980の操作面978aが押し込み操作を受けることがない。従って、この状態でトリガレバー36をZ2方向に引ききり、ローラ948が長孔940におけるZ方向直線部のZ2側端部に達すると、ラッチアーム974は、ねじりばね986によって時計方向の付勢力を受けていることから、図47Aに示すようにローラ948がラッチ溝940aに嵌り込む。これにより、トリガレバー36はその位置に保持され、その動作がロックされてラッチされた状態となる。First, when thetrigger lever 36 is used in a latchable state, thetrigger lever 36 is operated by, for example, placing the middle finger on thefinger hooking protrusions 204a and 204b without putting the finger on thering portion 202. That is, as shown in FIG. 47A, theoperation surface 978a of the bendingportion 980 protruding into thering portion 202 is not subjected to a pushing operation. Therefore, when thetrigger lever 36 is pulled in the Z2 direction in this state and theroller 948 reaches the Z2 side end of the Z-direction straight line portion in thelong hole 940, thelatch arm 974 applies a clockwise biasing force by thetorsion spring 986. As a result, theroller 948 fits into thelatch groove 940a as shown in FIG. 47A. As a result, thetrigger lever 36 is held in that position, and its operation is locked and latched.
 続いて、ラッチ状態を解除する場合には、図47Aに示すように指輪部202内に突出しているリンクアーム978の操作面978aを押し込み操作する。これにより、図47Bに示すように、リンクアーム978がねじりばね986の付勢力に抗して時計方向に回転し、それに伴ってラッチアーム974が軸972を中心として反時計方向に回転するため、ローラ948がラッチ溝940aから外れ、ラッチ状態が解除される。Subsequently, when releasing the latched state, theoperation surface 978a of thelink arm 978 protruding into thering part 202 is pushed in as shown in FIG. 47A. As a result, as shown in FIG. 47B, thelink arm 978 rotates clockwise against the biasing force of thetorsion spring 986, and accordingly, thelatch arm 974 rotates counterclockwise about theshaft 972. Theroller 948 is removed from thelatch groove 940a, and the latched state is released.
 一方、トリガレバー36がラッチされないアンロック状態で使用する場合には、指輪部202に、例えば人差し指(及び指掛け突起204a、204bに、例えば中指)を掛けてトリガレバー36を操作する。そうすると、図47Bに示すように、トリガレバー36をZ2方向に引き寄せる際には、指輪部202内に突出する操作面978aが常に押し込み操作を受けるため、ラッチアーム974は常にねじりばね986の付勢力に抗して反時計方向への回転力を受けることになる。従って、ローラ948が長孔940におけるZ方向直線部に常時配置されてラッチ溝940aに嵌ることがないため、トリガレバー36がラッチされず、アンロック状態のままで使用することができる。On the other hand, when thetrigger lever 36 is used in an unlocked state where thetrigger lever 36 is not latched, thetrigger lever 36 is operated by placing the index finger (and, for example, the middle finger on thefinger hooking projections 204a and 204b) on thering portion 202, for example. Then, as shown in FIG. 47B, when thetrigger lever 36 is pulled in the Z2 direction, theoperation surface 978a protruding into thering portion 202 is always subjected to a pushing operation, so that thelatch arm 974 is always biased by thetorsion spring 986. It will be counterclockwise and receive a counterclockwise rotational force. Therefore, since theroller 948 is always disposed in the Z-direction straight portion of thelong hole 940 and does not fit into thelatch groove 940a, thetrigger lever 36 is not latched and can be used in an unlocked state.
 次に、図48A及び図48Bに示すように、第6例に係る自己ラッチ機構900fは、図17~図18Bに示す構成例で操作部14側に設けた係合リング27に代えて、下部カバー37a、37bのZ2側端部をやや延伸させ、そこに下部カバー37a、37b間に渡る係合ピン(係合部)27aを設けて構成されている。なお、係合ピン27aは、トリガレバー取付部32bのZ2側端部をやや延伸させた箇所に設けてもよい。Next, as shown in FIGS. 48A and 48B, the self-latch mechanism 900f according to the sixth example is replaced with the lower part of theengagement ring 27 provided on theoperation unit 14 side in the configuration example shown in FIGS. The ends of thecovers 37a and 37b on the Z2 side are slightly extended, and an engagement pin (engagement portion) 27a extending between thelower covers 37a and 37b is provided there. Theengagement pin 27a may be provided at a location where the Z2 side end of the triggerlever mounting portion 32b is slightly extended.
 この自己ラッチ機構900fは、指輪部202の上部でZ1側端部が軸988によって軸支されたラチェット爪990と、該ラチェット爪990を揺動させるためのリンクバー991及びクランクバー992と、リンクバー991を揺動させるレバー208とを備える。ラチェット爪990、リンクバー991及びクランクバー992は、指輪部202の3方を囲むようにして内部空間203内に配置されている。The self-latchingmechanism 900f includes aratchet claw 990 whose Z1 side end is pivotally supported by ashaft 988 at the upper part of thering portion 202, alink bar 991 and acrank bar 992 for swinging theratchet claw 990, and a link And alever 208 for swinging thebar 991. Theratchet claw 990, thelink bar 991, and thecrank bar 992 are arranged in theinternal space 203 so as to surround three sides of thering portion 202.
 ラチェット爪990は、Z1側が軸988によって軸支され、Z2側には、凹部206bによって形成されて上方を指向した爪部206aが設けられている。ラチェット爪990のZ2側端部となる爪部206aには、クランクバー992の上端が軸993によって連結されている。クランクバー992の下端は、軸994によってリンクバー991のZ2側端部と連結されている。Theratchet claw 990 is supported by ashaft 988 on the Z1 side, and aclaw portion 206a formed by arecess 206b and directed upward is provided on the Z2 side. The upper end of thecrank bar 992 is connected by ashaft 993 to theclaw portion 206a which is the Z2 side end portion of theratchet claw 990. The lower end of thecrank bar 992 is connected to the Z2 side end of thelink bar 991 by ashaft 994.
 リンクバー991は、Z1側が軸995によって軸支されると共に、該軸995よりZ1側の端部がコイルばね209によってY2方向へと付勢されている。コイルばね209により、リンクバー991は軸995を中心として図48Aで反時計方向の付勢力を受けると共に、Z2側端部に形成された凹部991aが内部空間203をX方向に渡るピン996に当接することで、それ以上の揺動が規制されている。In thelink bar 991, the Z1 side is pivotally supported by ashaft 995, and the end on the Z1 side from theshaft 995 is urged in the Y2 direction by acoil spring 209.Coil spring 209 causes linkbar 991 to receive a counterclockwise biasing force in FIG. 48A centering onshaft 995, andrecess 991a formed at the end on the Z2 side contactsinternal space 203 withpin 996 extending in the X direction. Further contact is restricted by contact.
 従って、リンクバー991に軸994で連結されたクランクバー992は、コイルばね209により間接的にY1方向への付勢力を受け、さらにクランクバー992に軸993で連結されたラチェット爪990は、軸988を中心としてコイルばね209により軸988を中心として間接的に図48Aで反時計方向の付勢力を受けている。Accordingly, thecrank bar 992 connected to thelink bar 991 by theshaft 994 is indirectly biased in the Y1 direction by thecoil spring 209, and theratchet pawl 990 connected to thecrank bar 992 by theshaft 993 has a shaft Thecoil spring 209 receives the biasing force in the counterclockwise direction in FIG.
 先ず、図48Bに示すように、レバー208の操作端208bをY2方向に押し下げたアンロック状態(ラッチ解除状態)では、レバー208の押圧面208aがリンクバー991に当接しており、コイルばね209の付勢作用下に、図48Bに示す状態でリンクバー991が固定される。これにより、ラチェット爪990は爪部206aが下方に引き下げられた状態となることから、トリガレバー36をZ2方向に大きく引き寄せたとしても、図48Bに示すように爪部206aが係合ピン27aに係合することがなく、トリガレバー36がラッチされず、アンロック状態のままで使用することができる。First, as shown in FIG. 48B, in the unlocked state (latch release state) in which the operatingend 208b of thelever 208 is pushed down in the Y2 direction, thepressing surface 208a of thelever 208 is in contact with thelink bar 991, and thecoil spring 209 Under the biasing action, thelink bar 991 is fixed in the state shown in FIG. 48B. As a result, theratchet pawl 990 is brought into a state in which thepawl portion 206a is pulled down, so that even if thetrigger lever 36 is largely pulled in the Z2 direction, thepawl portion 206a is moved to theengagement pin 27a as shown in FIG. 48B. Thetrigger lever 36 is not latched without being engaged, and can be used in an unlocked state.
 一方、図48Aに示すように、レバー208の操作端208bをY1方向に押し上げた状態では、リンクバー991がコイルばね209の付勢力によって軸995を中心として反時計方向の付勢力を受けており、凹部991aがピン996に当接した状態で固定され、つまり、ラチェット爪990は爪部206aが上方に付勢された状態となる。この状態で、トリガレバー36をZ2方向に引ききると、爪部206aが係合ピン27aに当接し、続いて爪部206aのZ2側傾斜面に係合ピン27aが摺接しつつ、爪部206aがコイルばね209の付勢力に抗して下方に揺動される。On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 48A, in the state where theoperation end 208b of thelever 208 is pushed up in the Y1 direction, thelink bar 991 receives a biasing force in the counterclockwise direction around theshaft 995 by the biasing force of thecoil spring 209. Theconcave portion 991a is fixed in contact with thepin 996, that is, theratchet claw 990 is in a state where theclaw portion 206a is biased upward. In this state, when thetrigger lever 36 is pulled in the Z2 direction, theclaw portion 206a comes into contact with theengagement pin 27a, and then theengagement pin 27a is in sliding contact with the Z2 side inclined surface of theclaw portion 206a. Thecoil spring 209 is swung downward against the urging force of thecoil spring 209.
 従って、係合ピン27aが爪部206aを乗り越えると、ラチェット爪990は、コイルばね209の付勢力により、リンクバー991がピン996に当接する位置まで戻され、同時に、係合ピン27aが爪部206a(凹部206b)に係合する(図48A参照)。これにより、トリガレバー36はその位置に保持され、その動作がロックされてラッチ状態となる。なお、ラッチ状態を解除する場合には、図48Bに示すように、レバー208の外部に露出した操作端208bをY2方向に押し下げればよい。Therefore, when theengaging pin 27a gets over theclaw portion 206a, theratchet claw 990 is returned to the position where thelink bar 991 contacts thepin 996 by the urging force of thecoil spring 209, and at the same time, the engagingpin 27a is moved to the claw portion. It engages with 206a (concave portion 206b) (see FIG. 48A). As a result, thetrigger lever 36 is held in that position, the operation is locked, and a latch state is established. To release the latched state, theoperation end 208b exposed to the outside of thelever 208 may be pushed down in the Y2 direction as shown in FIG. 48B.
 次に、図49に示すように、第7例に係る自己ラッチ機構900gは、図17~図18Bに示す構成例で操作部14側に設けていた係合リング27に代えて、下部カバー37a、37bのZ2側端部を延伸させた係合アーム37cに係合溝(係合部)27bを設けた構成となっている。なお、この自己ラッチ機構900gは、係合リング27に代えて係合溝27bを設け、トリガレバー36の指輪部202のZ2側に係合アーム37cの逃げ部となるスリット997を設けた以外は、図17~図18Bに示す構成例と略同一である。すなわち、自己ラッチ機構900gにおいても、レバー208の位置により、トリガレバー36のラチェット爪206が係合溝27bに係合しないアンロック状態、及びラチェット爪206が係合溝27bに係合するラッチ状態とに使い分けることができる。なお、係合アーム37cは、下部カバー37ではなく、トリガレバー取付部32bに設けてもよい。Next, as shown in FIG. 49, the self-latchingmechanism 900g according to the seventh example is replaced with thelower cover 37a in place of theengagement ring 27 provided on theoperation unit 14 side in the configuration example shown in FIGS. , 37b is provided with an engagement groove (engagement portion) 27b in anengagement arm 37c obtained by extending the Z2 side end. The self-latchingmechanism 900g is provided with anengagement groove 27b instead of theengagement ring 27, and aslit 997 serving as a relief portion of theengagement arm 37c on the Z2 side of thering portion 202 of thetrigger lever 36. The configuration example shown in FIGS. 17 to 18B is substantially the same. That is, also in the self-latchingmechanism 900g, depending on the position of thelever 208, an unlocked state where theratchet pawl 206 of thetrigger lever 36 does not engage with the engaginggroove 27b, and a latched state where theratchet pawl 206 engages with the engaginggroove 27b. And can be used properly. Theengaging arm 37c may be provided not on the lower cover 37 but on the triggerlever mounting portion 32b.
 これらの自己ラッチ機構900a~900gは、操作部14とは独立的に構成されていることから、該操作部14が無くてもラッチ状態が維持される。従って、トリガレバー36がラッチ状態に固定されたままの状態であっても、容易に操作部14と作業部16とを着脱することができる。しかも、作業部16を操作部14との装着状態に係わらず常にラッチ状態に維持しておくことができるため、先端動作部12のエンドエフェクタ1300を常に閉状態に維持しておくことができ、作業部16の取り扱い性が向上する。Since these self-latchingmechanisms 900a to 900g are configured independently of theoperation unit 14, the latched state is maintained even without theoperation unit 14. Therefore, even when thetrigger lever 36 is fixed in the latched state, theoperation unit 14 and the workingunit 16 can be easily attached and detached. Moreover, since the workingunit 16 can always be maintained in the latched state regardless of the state of attachment with theoperation unit 14, theend effector 1300 of the distalend working unit 12 can be always maintained in the closed state. The handleability of the workingunit 16 is improved.
 次に、上記した原点サーチ動作の他の方法について説明する。上記では、原点サーチ動作として、原点検出センサ331(332)による検出片333(334)の検出に基づき、原点サーチを行う場合を例示したが、他の方法で原点サーチを行うことも勿論可能である。Next, another method of the origin search operation described above will be described. In the above, the case where the origin search is performed based on the detection of the detection piece 333 (334) by the origin detection sensor 331 (332) is illustrated as the origin search operation, but it is of course possible to perform the origin search by other methods. is there.
 図50A~図50Dは、原点サーチ動作の他の方法の説明図であり、初期状態において、係合凸部137(大凸部402a)及び係合凹部176a(大凹部404a)の位相が最初から一致している状態から、原点サーチ動作を行う場合であり、図28A~図28Dに示した動作パターン(2)の変形例である。勿論、他の動作パターンについても、略同様な変形例を適用可能である。50A to 50D are explanatory views of another method of the origin search operation. In the initial state, the phases of the engaging convex portion 137 (largeconvex portion 402a) and the engagingconcave portion 176a (largeconcave portion 404a) are from the beginning. This is a case where the origin search operation is performed from the state of coincidence, and is a modification of the operation pattern (2) shown in FIGS. 28A to 28D. Of course, a substantially similar modification can be applied to other operation patterns.
 先ず、図50A中の矢印に示すように、係合凹部176aに係合した係合凸部137を正転方向へと回転させることにより、原点サーチ動作が開始される。この際、モータ100(102)について、モータ回転速度は所定の設定速度(速度閾値)より大きく、モータ電流値は所定の電流値(電流閾値)より小さいものとする。First, as shown by an arrow in FIG. 50A, the origin search operation is started by rotating the engagementconvex portion 137 engaged with the engagementconcave portion 176a in the normal rotation direction. At this time, for the motor 100 (102), the motor rotation speed is greater than a predetermined set speed (speed threshold), and the motor current value is smaller than the predetermined current value (current threshold).
 当該原点サーチ動作が開始されると、係合凸部137及び係合凹部176aはモータ原点M0を通過すると共にさらに正転方向に回転され、正転側動作端となる一方のストッパ179aに当接部177aが当接し(図50B参照)、前記モータ回転速度が速度閾値より小さくなり、モータ電流値が電流閾値より大きくなる。すなわち、コントローラ514により、モータ100の電流値と回転速度とを検知しておくことで、先ず、係合凸部137及び係合凹部176aの正転側領域(正領域)での動作限を検出することができ、現在位相も検出することができる。When the origin search operation is started, the engagementconvex portion 137 and the engagementconcave portion 176a pass through the motor origin M0 and are further rotated in the forward rotation direction to come into contact with onestopper 179a serving as the forward rotation side operation end. Thepart 177a comes into contact (see FIG. 50B), the motor rotation speed becomes smaller than the speed threshold value, and the motor current value becomes larger than the current threshold value. That is, by detecting the current value and the rotation speed of themotor 100 by thecontroller 514, first, the operation limit in the forward rotation side region (forward region) of the engagingconvex portion 137 and the engagingconcave portion 176a is detected. The current phase can also be detected.
 従って、当該機構は対称系であることから、逆転側領域(負領域)についても演算可能であり、モータ100を原点位置へと戻すことができるが、本例では、より正確に且つより確実に原点サーチを行うため、逆転方向での検出も行うものとする。Therefore, since the mechanism is a symmetric system, it is possible to calculate the reverse side region (negative region), and themotor 100 can be returned to the origin position. However, in this example, more accurately and more reliably. Since the origin search is performed, detection in the reverse direction is also performed.
 すなわち、図50C中の矢印に示すように、今度は逆転方向にモータ100を回転させ(この回転時には、前記モータ回転速度が速度閾値より大きく、モータ電流値が電流閾値より小さくなる)、最終的に逆転側動作端となる他方のストッパ(動作限)179aに当接部177aが当接し(図50C参照)、前記モータ回転速度が速度閾値より小さくなり、モータ電流値が電流閾値より大きくなる。That is, as shown by the arrow in FIG. 50C, this time, themotor 100 is rotated in the reverse direction (at the time of this rotation, the motor rotation speed is larger than the speed threshold value and the motor current value is smaller than the current threshold value). Thecontact portion 177a comes into contact with the other stopper (operation limit) 179a serving as the reverse operation end (see FIG. 50C), the motor rotation speed becomes smaller than the speed threshold value, and the motor current value becomes larger than the current threshold value.
 従って、コントローラ514では、モータ100の逆転側領域(負領域)での動作限を検出することができ、検出した正領域での動作限と負領域での動作限との平均値を得ることにより原点サーチが完了し、図50Dに示すように、係合凸部137及び係合凹部176aをモータ原点M0に戻して停止させ、これにより、駆動シャフト115及びプーリ158aが所定の原点位相に設定され、先端動作部12も所定の原点姿勢となる。Therefore, thecontroller 514 can detect the operation limit in the reverse rotation side region (negative region) of themotor 100, and obtain the average value of the detected operation limit in the positive region and the operation limit in the negative region. The origin search is completed, and as shown in FIG. 50D, the engagementconvex portion 137 and the engagementconcave portion 176a are returned to the motor origin M0 and stopped, whereby thedrive shaft 115 and thepulley 158a are set to a predetermined origin phase. The distalend working unit 12 also has a predetermined origin posture.
 上記では、係合状態からの原点サーチ動作について示したが、係合していない状態からの原点サーチ動作も可能である。例えば、正方向へ回転させることにより、原点サーチ動作が開始され、係合を認識するまで、正方向へ回転させることにより、係合状態とすることができる。係合状態となれば、その後は、基本的には、上記の原点サーチと同様の動作パターンとなる。プーリ158aが連れ回り回転する場合でも、正方向へ回転させた場合には、少なくともプーリ158aは、+動作限であるストッパ179aにて動作が規制され、この+動作限にて係合する。係合すると共に、モータ回転速度は速度閾値より小さくなり、モータ電流値は電流閾値より大きくなり、係合凸部137及び係合凹部176aの正転側領域での動作限を検出することができる。その後は、基本的には、上記の原点サーチと同様の動作パターンとなる。In the above, the origin search operation from the engaged state is shown, but the origin search operation from the unengaged state is also possible. For example, the origin search operation is started by rotating in the forward direction, and the engaged state can be established by rotating in the forward direction until the engagement is recognized. Once in the engaged state, the operation pattern is basically the same as that of the origin search described above. Even when thepulley 158a rotates together with thepulley 158a, when thepulley 158a is rotated in the forward direction, at least thepulley 158a is restricted in operation by thestopper 179a which is the + operation limit, and is engaged at the + operation limit. At the same time, the motor rotation speed becomes smaller than the speed threshold value, the motor current value becomes larger than the current threshold value, and the operation limit in the forward rotation side region of the engagementconvex portion 137 and the engagementconcave portion 176a can be detected. . Thereafter, the operation pattern is basically the same as that of the above-described origin search.
 このような原点サーチ動作によれば、原点検出センサ331(332)や検出片333(334)等を省略することが可能となるため、マニピュレータ10の構成を一層簡素化することができる。According to such an origin search operation, the origin detection sensor 331 (332), the detection piece 333 (334), and the like can be omitted, so that the configuration of themanipulator 10 can be further simplified.
 次に、以上のように構成されるマニピュレータ10に適用される先端動作部12の具体的な構成について、グリッパであるエンドエフェクタ1300を採用した構造を例示して説明する。先端動作部12としては、グリッパ以外の構造、例えばはさみや電気メス等も勿論適用可能であり、該先端動作部12を含む作業部16として構成することにより、操作部14に対して容易に着脱し交換することができる。Next, a specific configuration of the distalend working unit 12 applied to themanipulator 10 configured as described above will be described by exemplifying a structure that employs anend effector 1300 that is a gripper. Of course, a structure other than a gripper, such as scissors or an electric knife, can be applied as the distalend working unit 12, and it can be easily attached to and detached from theoperation unit 14 by configuring as the workingunit 16 including the distalend working unit 12. Can be exchanged.
 図51に示すように、先端動作部12には、ロッド192a、受動ワイヤ1252a、アイドルプーリ1140a、ガイドプーリ1142a、受動プーリ1156aを含む第1エンドエフェクタ駆動機構1320aと、これに対応した第2エンドエフェクタ駆動機構1320bが設けられている。第1エンドエフェクタ駆動機構1320a及び第2エンドエフェクタ駆動機構1320bは、エンドエフェクタ(グリッパ)1300を開閉させる基本的な構成である。As shown in FIG. 51, the distalend working unit 12 includes a first endeffector driving mechanism 1320a including arod 192a, apassive wire 1252a, anidle pulley 1140a, aguide pulley 1142a, and apassive pulley 1156a, and a second end corresponding thereto. Aneffector driving mechanism 1320b is provided. The first endeffector drive mechanism 1320a and the second endeffector drive mechanism 1320b have a basic configuration for opening and closing the end effector (gripper) 1300.
 第1エンドエフェクタ駆動機構1320aにおける構成要素には符号にaを付し、第2エンドエフェクタ駆動機構1320bにおける構成要素には符号にbを付して区別する。第1エンドエフェクタ駆動機構1320aにおける構成要素と第2エンドエフェクタ駆動機構1320bにおける構成要素で同じ機能のものについては、煩雑とならないよう、代表的に第1エンドエフェクタ駆動機構1320aについてのみ説明する場合がある。The components in the first endeffector drive mechanism 1320a are identified by a and the components in the second endeffector drive mechanism 1320b are identified by b. The components of the first endeffector drive mechanism 1320a and the components of the second endeffector drive mechanism 1320b that have the same function may be described typically only with respect to the first endeffector drive mechanism 1320a so as not to become complicated. is there.
 図51、図52においては、理解が容易となるように、第1エンドエフェクタ駆動機構1320aと第2エンドエフェクタ駆動機構1320bを紙面上で並列して示すが、実際のマニピュレータ10に適用する場合には、図53に示すように、各プーリの軸方向(つまりY方向)に並列させ、アイドルプーリ(円柱部材、伝達部材)1140a及び1140bと、ガイドプーリ(円柱部材、伝達部材)1142a及び1142bの回転軸は、それぞれ同軸上に配置するとよい。つまり、アイドルプーリ1140a及び1140bは軸1110(図53参照)に共通的に軸支することができ、ガイドプーリ1142aと1142bは軸1112に共通的に軸支することができる。ガイドプーリ1142aとガイドプーリ1142bを同軸構成とすることにより、ヨー軸動作機構が簡便になる。In FIG. 51 and FIG. 52, the first endeffector drive mechanism 1320a and the second endeffector drive mechanism 1320b are shown side by side on the paper for easy understanding, but when applied to anactual manipulator 10. As shown in FIG. 53, the pulleys are arranged in parallel in the axial direction of each pulley (ie, the Y direction), and idle pulleys (columnar members, transmission members) 1140a and 1140b and guide pulleys (columnar members, transmission members) 1142a and 1142b The rotation axes may be arranged on the same axis. That is, theidle pulleys 1140a and 1140b can be pivotally supported on the shaft 1110 (see FIG. 53), and the guide pulleys 1142a and 1142b can be pivotally supported on theshaft 1112. By making theguide pulley 1142a and theguide pulley 1142b coaxial, the yaw axis operation mechanism is simplified.
 図54~図57に示すように、先端動作部12は、ワイヤ受動部1100と、複合機構部1102と、エンドエフェクタ1300とを有し、Y方向の第1回転軸Oyを中心にして、それよりも先の部分がヨー方向に回動する第1自由度と、第2回転軸Orを中心にしてロール方向に回転する第2自由度と、第3回転軸Ogを中心として先端のエンドエフェクタ1300を開閉させる第3自由度とを有する合計3自由度の機構となっている。As shown in FIGS. 54 to 57, the distalend working unit 12 includes a wirepassive unit 1100, acomposite mechanism unit 1102, and anend effector 1300, which are centered on the first rotation axis Oy in the Y direction. A first degree of freedom in which the portion ahead rotates in the yaw direction, a second degree of freedom in rotation in the roll direction around the second rotation axis Or, and an end effector at the tip about the third rotation axis Og The mechanism has a total of three degrees of freedom having a third degree of freedom for opening andclosing 1300.
 第1自由度の機構である第1回転軸Oyは、連結シャフト18の基端側から先端側に延在する軸線と非平行に回動可能に設定するとよい。第2自由度の機構である第2回転軸Orは先端動作部12における先端部(つまりエンドエフェクタ1300)の延在方向の軸線を中心として回転可能な機構とし、先端部をロール回転可能に設定するとよい。The first rotation axis Oy, which is a mechanism with a first degree of freedom, may be set so as to be rotatable in a non-parallel manner with an axis extending from the proximal end side to the distal end side of the connectingshaft 18. The second rotation axis Or, which is a mechanism with a second degree of freedom, is a mechanism that can rotate around the axis in the extending direction of the distal end portion (that is, the end effector 1300) in the distalend working unit 12, and the distal end portion is set to be rotatable. Good.
 第1自由度の機構(ヨー方向)は、例えば±90°又はそれ以上の稼動範囲を有する傾動機構(又は屈曲機構)である。第2自由度の機構(ロール方向)は、例えば±180°又はそれ以上の稼動範囲を有する回転機構である。第3自由度の機構(エンドエフェクタ1300)は、例えば40°又はそれ以上開くことのできる開閉機構である。The first degree of freedom mechanism (yaw direction) is, for example, a tilting mechanism (or bending mechanism) having an operating range of ± 90 ° or more. The mechanism of the second degree of freedom (roll direction) is a rotating mechanism having an operating range of ± 180 ° or more, for example. The mechanism of the third degree of freedom (end effector 1300) is an opening / closing mechanism that can be opened, for example, 40 ° or more.
 エンドエフェクタ1300は、手術において実際の作業を行う部分であり、第1回転軸Oy及び第2回転軸Orは、作業を行い易いようにエンドエフェクタ1300の姿勢を変えるための姿勢変更機構を構成する姿勢軸である。一般に、エンドエフェクタ1300を開閉させる第3自由度に係る機構部はグリッパ(又はグリッパ軸)とも呼ばれ、ヨー方向に回動する第1自由度に係る機構部はヨー軸とも呼ばれ、ロール方向に回転する第2自由度に係る機構部はロール軸とも呼ばれる。Theend effector 1300 is a part that performs an actual work in the operation, and the first rotation axis Oy and the second rotation axis Or constitute a posture changing mechanism for changing the posture of theend effector 1300 so that the work can be easily performed. It is a posture axis. In general, a mechanism unit related to the third degree of freedom for opening and closing theend effector 1300 is also called a gripper (or a gripper shaft), and a mechanism unit related to the first degree of freedom rotating in the yaw direction is also called a yaw axis. The mechanism part according to the second degree of freedom that rotates in the direction is also called a roll shaft.
 ワイヤ受動部1100は、一対の舌片部1058の間に設けられており、ワイヤ1052、ワイヤ1054のそれぞれの往復動作を回転動作に変換して複合機構部1102に伝達する部分である。ワイヤ受動部1100は、軸孔1060a、1060aに挿入される軸1110と、軸孔1060b、1060bに挿入される軸1112とを有する。軸1110、1112は、軸孔1060a、1060bに対して、例えば圧入もしくは溶接により固定される。軸1112は第1回転軸Oyの軸上に配置される(図54及び図57参照)。The wirepassive portion 1100 is provided between the pair oftongue pieces 1058, and is a portion that converts the reciprocating motions of thewires 1052 and 1054 into rotational motions and transmits them to thecomposite mechanism portion 1102. The wirepassive portion 1100 includes ashaft 1110 inserted into theshaft holes 1060a and 1060a and ashaft 1112 inserted into the shaft holes 1060b and 1060b. Theshafts 1110 and 1112 are fixed to theshaft holes 1060a and 1060b by, for example, press fitting or welding. The axis |shaft 1112 is arrange | positioned on the axis | shaft of the 1st rotating shaft Oy (refer FIG.54 and FIG.57).
 軸1112のY方向両端には、Y方向に対称形状の歯車体1126及びプーリ1130が設けられている。歯車体1126は、筒体1132と、該筒体1132の上部に同心状に設けられた歯車1134とを有する。プーリ1130は、筒体1132と略同径且つ略同形状である。歯車1134は、後述するギア体1146のフェイスギア1165に噛合する。At both ends of theshaft 1112 in the Y direction, agear body 1126 and apulley 1130 that are symmetrical in the Y direction are provided. Thegear body 1126 includes acylindrical body 1132 and agear 1134 provided concentrically on the top of thecylindrical body 1132. Thepulley 1130 has substantially the same diameter and the same shape as thecylindrical body 1132. Thegear 1134 meshes with aface gear 1165 of agear body 1146 described later.
 筒体1132及びプーリ1130には、ワイヤ1052及び1054が所定の固定手段によって一部が固定されて巻き掛けられている。ワイヤ1052及び1054の巻き掛けられる角度は、例えば1.5回転(540°)である。プーリ1130は、主軸部材1144の基端部側に一体的に設けられており、この主軸部材1144は、軸1112により第1回転軸Oy(ヨー軸)を中心に回動(傾動)自在に支持されている。A part of thewires 1052 and 1054 is fixed and wound around thecylindrical body 1132 and thepulley 1130 by a predetermined fixing means. The angle at which thewires 1052 and 1054 are wound is, for example, 1.5 rotations (540 °). Thepulley 1130 is integrally provided on the base end side of themain shaft member 1144. Themain shaft member 1144 is supported by theshaft 1112 so as to be rotatable (tilted) about the first rotation axis Oy (yaw axis). Has been.
 ワイヤ1054を回転動作させることにより、プーリ1130と一体的に設けられた主軸部材1144が第1回転軸Oyを中心に回動し、ヨー方向動作が行われる。ワイヤ1052(図54参照)を回転動作させることにより、歯車体1126が軸1112に対して回転し、ギア体1146が第2回転軸Orを基準として回転し、ロール回転動作が行われる。歯車体1126とプーリ1130をそれぞれ回転させると、ヨー方向動作とロール回転動作の複合動作が行われる。先端動作部12の機構は、このように、ワイヤ1052が歯車1134を介してフェイスギア1165を駆動するのに対してワイヤ1054は主軸部材1144を直接的に回転駆動する形式に限らず、例えば、特開2008-253463号公報における図25に示される構成に相当するような差動機構であってもよい。By rotating thewire 1054, themain shaft member 1144 provided integrally with thepulley 1130 rotates about the first rotation axis Oy, and the yaw operation is performed. By rotating the wire 1052 (see FIG. 54), thegear body 1126 rotates with respect to theshaft 1112, thegear body 1146 rotates with reference to the second rotation axis Or, and a roll rotation operation is performed. When thegear body 1126 and thepulley 1130 are rotated, a combined operation of the yaw direction operation and the roll rotation operation is performed. As described above, the mechanism of the distalend working unit 12 is not limited to the type in which thewire 1052 drives theface gear 1165 via thegear 1134 while thewire 1054 directly drives themain shaft member 1144 to rotate. A differential mechanism corresponding to the configuration shown in FIG. 25 in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2008-253463 may be used.
 軸1110の略中央部にはアイドルプーリ(円柱部材、伝達部材)1140aが回転自在に軸支されており、軸1112の略中央部にはガイドプーリ(円柱部材、伝達部材)1142aが回転自在に軸支されている。アイドルプーリ1140aは、ガイドプーリ1142aに巻きかける受動ワイヤ(可撓性部材、伝達部材)1252aの巻き掛け角度を常に一定(両側あわせて約180°)に保つためにある。アイドルプーリ1140aの代わりに、ガイドプーリ1142aに受動ワイヤ1252aを1巻き以上してもよい。アイドルプーリ1140a及びガイドプーリ1142aは、受動ワイヤ1252a(図59参照)に対する滑り、及び摩擦による摩耗を低減するために、表面を滑らかにし、又は摩擦の少ない材質を用いるとよい。ガイドプーリ1142aは、姿勢変更機構におけるヨー軸Oyに設けられている。An idle pulley (cylindrical member, transmission member) 1140a is rotatably supported at a substantially central portion of theshaft 1110, and a guide pulley (cylindrical member, transmission member) 1142a is rotatable at a substantially central portion of theshaft 1112. It is pivotally supported. Theidle pulley 1140a is provided to keep the winding angle of the passive wire (flexible member, transmission member) 1252a wound around theguide pulley 1142a constant at all times (approximately 180 ° on both sides). Instead of theidle pulley 1140a, theguide pulley 1142a may have one or more turns of thepassive wire 1252a. Theidle pulley 1140a and theguide pulley 1142a may be made of a material having a smooth surface or less friction in order to reduce slipping on thepassive wire 1252a (see FIG. 59) and wear due to friction. Theguide pulley 1142a is provided on the yaw axis Oy in the posture changing mechanism.
 軸1112における、歯車体1126とガイドプーリ1142aとの間にはプーリ1130を有する主軸部材1144が回転自在に軸支されている。主軸部材1144は、複合機構部1102に向けて突出する筒部を有する。主軸部材1144の軸心部には方形の孔1144aが設けられている。主軸部材1144のZ2方向端部には、ガイドプーリ1142aのY方向上面及びガイドプーリ1142bのY方向下面を保持するとともに、軸1112が挿通する孔を有する2枚の補助板1144bが設けられている。補助板1144bはZ1方向に向かって幅広となる山形であって、糸等の異物の侵入を防止する。Amain shaft member 1144 having apulley 1130 is rotatably supported between thegear body 1126 and theguide pulley 1142a in theshaft 1112. Themain shaft member 1144 has a cylindrical portion that protrudes toward thecomposite mechanism portion 1102. Asquare hole 1144 a is provided in the axial center portion of themain shaft member 1144. At the end in the Z2 direction of themain shaft member 1144, twoauxiliary plates 1144b that hold the upper surface in the Y direction of theguide pulley 1142a and the lower surface in the Y direction of theguide pulley 1142b and have a hole through which theshaft 1112 passes are provided. . Theauxiliary plate 1144b has a mountain shape that becomes wider in the Z1 direction and prevents intrusion of foreign matter such as yarn.
 複合機構部1102は、エンドエフェクタ1300の開閉動作機構と、該エンドエフェクタ1300の姿勢を変化させる姿勢変更機構とを含む複合的な機構部である。Thecomposite mechanism unit 1102 is a composite mechanism unit including an opening / closing operation mechanism of theend effector 1300 and a posture changing mechanism that changes the posture of theend effector 1300.
 複合機構部1102は、主軸部材1144の筒部周面に対して回転自在に嵌挿されたギア体1146と主軸部材1144の先端に設けられたナット体1148と、Z2方向端部が孔1144aに挿入される断面四角の伝達部材1152と、該伝達部材1152のZ2方向端部に対してピン1154により回転自在に軸支される受動プーリ(円柱部材、伝達部材)1156aと、受動板(伝達部材)1158と、円筒状のカバー1160とを有する。Thecompound mechanism portion 1102 includes agear body 1146 that is rotatably inserted into the circumferential surface of the cylindrical portion of themain shaft member 1144, anut body 1148 provided at the tip of themain shaft member 1144, and an end portion in the Z2 direction in thehole 1144a. A square-shapedtransmission member 1152 to be inserted, a passive pulley (cylindrical member, transmission member) 1156a rotatably supported by apin 1154 with respect to the Z2 direction end of thetransmission member 1152, and a passive plate (transmission member) ) 1158 and acylindrical cover 1160.
 主軸部材1144におけるギア体1146と当接する部分には、樹脂製のスラスト軸受部材1144cが設けられている。ナット体1148におけるギア体1146と当接する部分には、樹脂製のスラスト軸受部材1148aが設けられている。スラスト軸受部材1144c及び1148aは低摩擦材であって、当接部分の摩擦及びトルクを低減するとともに、フェイスギア1165に負荷が直接的にかかることを防止する。スラスト軸受部材1144c及び1148aは、いわゆる滑り軸受であるが、転がり軸受を設けてもよい。これにより、エンドエフェクタ1300を強く閉じた場合や開いた場合、すなわちギア体1146が主軸部材1144に強く当接する場合でも、ロール軸動作をスムーズに行うことができる。A resin-madethrust bearing member 1144c is provided at a portion of themain shaft member 1144 that comes into contact with thegear body 1146. Athrust bearing member 1148a made of resin is provided on a portion of thenut body 1148 that contacts thegear body 1146. Thethrust bearing members 1144c and 1148a are low-friction materials, and reduce the friction and torque of the contact portion and prevent the load from being directly applied to theface gear 1165. Thethrust bearing members 1144c and 1148a are so-called sliding bearings, but may be provided with rolling bearings. Thereby, even when theend effector 1300 is strongly closed or opened, that is, even when thegear body 1146 strongly contacts themain shaft member 1144, the roll shaft operation can be performed smoothly.
 ギア体1146は、段付き筒形状であって、Z2方向の大径部1162と、Z1方向の小径部1164と、大径部1162のZ2方向端面に設けられたフェイスギア1165とを有する。フェイスギア1165は、歯車1134に噛合する。ギア体1146は、ナット体1148が主軸部材1144に対して抜けることを防止する。大径部1162の外周には、ねじが設けてある。Thegear body 1146 has a stepped cylindrical shape, and includes alarge diameter portion 1162 in the Z2 direction, asmall diameter portion 1164 in the Z1 direction, and aface gear 1165 provided on the end surface of thelarge diameter portion 1162 in the Z2 direction.Face gear 1165 meshes withgear 1134. Thegear body 1146 prevents thenut body 1148 from coming off from themain shaft member 1144. A screw is provided on the outer periphery of thelarge diameter portion 1162.
 受動板1158は、Z2方向の凹部1166と、該凹部1166の底面に設けられた係合部1168と、Y方向両面にそれぞれ設けられた軸方向のリブ1170と、リンク孔1172とを有する。係合部1168は、伝達部材1152の先端に設けられたきのこ状の突起1174に係合する形状である。この係合により、受動板1158と伝達部材1152は、相対的なロール軸の回転が可能になる。受動板1158の幅はカバー1160の内径に略等しい。Thepassive plate 1158 has aconcave portion 1166 in the Z2 direction, an engaging portion 1168 provided on the bottom surface of theconcave portion 1166,axial ribs 1170 provided on both sides in the Y direction, and linkholes 1172, respectively. The engaging portion 1168 has a shape that engages with a mushroom-like protrusion 1174 provided at the tip of thetransmission member 1152. By this engagement, thepassive plate 1158 and thetransmission member 1152 can rotate relative to each other. The width of thepassive plate 1158 is substantially equal to the inner diameter of thecover 1160.
 カバー1160は、複合機構部1102の略全体を覆う大きさであり、複合機構部1102及びエンドエフェクタ1300に異物(生体組織、薬剤、糸等)が入り込むことが防止される。カバー1160の内面には、受動板1158の2つのリブ1170が嵌る軸方向の2本の溝1175が対向する向きに設けられている。溝1175にリブ1170が嵌ることにより受動板1158が軸方向にガイドされる。受動板1158の係合部1168には突起1174が係合することから、受動プーリ1156aは孔1144a内において、受動板1158及び伝達部材1152とともに軸方向に進退可能であるとともに、伝達部材1152を基準としてロール回転が可能である。カバー1160は、ギア体1146の大径部1162に対して螺入、圧入等の手段により固定されている。Thecover 1160 is sized to cover substantially the entirecomposite mechanism section 1102 and prevents foreign matter (biological tissue, medicine, thread, etc.) from entering thecomposite mechanism section 1102 and theend effector 1300. Twoaxial grooves 1175 in which the tworibs 1170 of thepassive plate 1158 are fitted are provided on the inner surface of thecover 1160 so as to face each other. Thepassive plate 1158 is guided in the axial direction by fitting therib 1170 into thegroove 1175. Since theprotrusion 1174 engages with the engaging portion 1168 of thepassive plate 1158, thepassive pulley 1156 a can advance and retreat in the axial direction together with thepassive plate 1158 and thetransmission member 1152 in thehole 1144 a, and thetransmission member 1152 can be used as a reference. As a result, roll rotation is possible. Thecover 1160 is fixed to thelarge diameter portion 1162 of thegear body 1146 by means such as screwing or press fitting.
 カバー1160は、ギア体1146と基部側で結合(螺合、圧入、溶接等)されており、ギア体1146の回転とともにカバー1160及びエンドエフェクタ1300はロール軸動作を行う。Thecover 1160 is coupled to thegear body 1146 on the base side (screwing, press-fitting, welding, etc.), and thecover 1160 and theend effector 1300 perform a roll axis operation as thegear body 1146 rotates.
 レバー部1310と受動板1158は、グリッパリンク1220により連接されている。つまり、各グリッパリンク1220の一端の孔1220aは、孔1218とともにピン1222が挿入され、他端の孔1220bは、受動板1158のリンク孔1172とともにピン1224が挿入されて連接されている。Thelever portion 1310 and thepassive plate 1158 are connected by agripper link 1220. That is, thepin 1222 is inserted into thehole 1220 a at one end of eachgripper link 1220 together with thehole 1218, and thepin 1224 is inserted into thehole 1220 b at the other end together with thelink hole 1172 of thepassive plate 1158.
 図58に示すように、アイドルプーリ1140aは、同軸上の第1層アイドルプーリ(第1層アイドル円柱体)1232と第2層アイドルプーリ(第2層アイドル円柱体)1234の2枚が並列して構成されており、ガイドプーリ1142aは、同軸上の第1層ガイドプーリ(第1層ガイド円柱体)1236と第2層ガイドプーリ(第2層ガイド円柱体)1238の2枚が並列して構成されている。As shown in FIG. 58, theidle pulley 1140a has two coaxially arranged first-layer idle pulley (first-layer idle cylinder) 1232 and second-layer idle pulley (second-layer idle cylinder) 1234 in parallel. Theguide pulley 1142a is composed of a coaxial first layer guide pulley (first layer guide column) 1236 and a second layer guide pulley (second layer guide column) 1238 arranged in parallel. It is configured.
 図59に示すように、ロッド192aのZ1方向端部は、ワイヤ係合部1250aによって受動ワイヤ(可撓性部材)1252aの両端部に接続されている。As shown in FIG. 59, the end portion in the Z1 direction of therod 192a is connected to both ends of a passive wire (flexible member) 1252a by awire engaging portion 1250a.
 図60及び図61に示すように、ワイヤ係合部1250aは、ロッド192aの先端部1414にローラ1416が設けられ、該ローラ1416に受動ワイヤ1252aが巻き掛けられている。ローラ1416はピン1418に軸支されており回転自在である。これにより、受動ワイヤ1252aはローラ1416に巻きかけられながら適度に進退し、ロッド192aをZ2方向に引くときに、特にヨー軸が屈曲しないような状態でも、受動ワイヤ1252aをX方向のバランスよく引くことができる。先端部1414は、ロッド192aに螺設されている。この実施例では、受動ワイヤ1252aのY方向一対の張力が均一となり、長寿命化を図ることができるとともに、上下両方のY方向一対の平行化を図ることができる。As shown in FIGS. 60 and 61, in thewire engaging portion 1250a, aroller 1416 is provided at atip portion 1414 of arod 192a, and apassive wire 1252a is wound around theroller 1416. Theroller 1416 is supported by apin 1418 and is rotatable. As a result, thepassive wire 1252a is appropriately advanced and retracted while being wound around theroller 1416, and when therod 192a is pulled in the Z2 direction, thepassive wire 1252a is pulled with a good balance in the X direction even when the yaw axis is not bent. be able to. Thetip portion 1414 is screwed to therod 192a. In this embodiment, the pair of tensions in the Y direction of thepassive wire 1252a are uniform, and it is possible to extend the life of thepassive wire 1252a, and it is possible to achieve a parallel pair of both the upper and lower Y directions.
 図58及び図59に戻り、受動ワイヤ1252aは、一部がワイヤ係合部1250aに接続された環状の可撓性部材であり、ワイヤ以外にもロープ、樹脂線、ピアノ線及びチェーン等を用いることができる。ここで、環状とは広義であり、必ずしも全長にわたって可撓性部材が適用されている必要はなく、少なくとも各プーリに巻き掛けられる箇所が可撓性部材であればよく、直線部は剛体で接続されていてもよいことはもちろんである。58 and 59, thepassive wire 1252a is an annular flexible member partially connected to thewire engaging portion 1250a. In addition to the wire, a rope, a resin wire, a piano wire, a chain, or the like is used. be able to. Here, the term “annular” is used in a broad sense, and the flexible member does not necessarily have to be applied over the entire length. The flexible member may be at least a portion that is wound around each pulley, and the straight portion is connected by a rigid body. Of course, it may be done.
 受動ワイヤ1252aは、駆動部材のロッド192aから、アイドルプーリ1140aのX1方向(第1の側方)を通り、X2方向(第2の側方)に向かい、ガイドプーリ1142aのX2方向の面を通り受動プーリ1156aのX2方向面に至る。受動ワイヤ1252aは、さらに、受動プーリ1156aのZ1方向面に半周巻き掛けられてX1方向面に至り、ガイドプーリ1142aのX1方向の面を通り、X2方向に向かいアイドルプーリ1140aのX2方向を通りワイヤ係合部1250aに至る経路で配設されている。Thepassive wire 1252a passes from therod 192a of the driving member through the X1 direction (first side) of theidle pulley 1140a, toward the X2 direction (second side), and through the surface of theguide pulley 1142a in the X2 direction. It reaches the X2 direction surface of thepassive pulley 1156a. Thepassive wire 1252a is further wound halfway around the Z1 direction surface of thepassive pulley 1156a to reach the X1 direction surface, passes through the X1 direction surface of theguide pulley 1142a, passes through the X2 direction, and passes through the X2 direction of theidle pulley 1140a. It is arrange | positioned by the path | route which reaches theengaging part 1250a.
 つまり、受動ワイヤ1252aは、ワイヤ係合部1250aを基点及び終点とする一巡の経路を構成し、アイドルプーリ1140aの両側方を通り、受動プーリ1156aに巻き掛けられ、アイドルプーリ1140aとガイドプーリ1142aとの間で交差して、略8字形状をなす。これにより、ワイヤ係合部1250a及び受動ワイヤ1252aは、ロッド192aを介してトリガレバー36に対して機械的に接続されていることになる。That is, thepassive wire 1252a constitutes a circuit that has thewire engaging portion 1250a as a base point and an end point, passes through both sides of theidle pulley 1140a, is wound around thepassive pulley 1156a, and theidle pulley 1140a and theguide pulley 1142a It intersects between the two to form an approximately 8-character shape. Thus, thewire engaging portion 1250a and thepassive wire 1252a are mechanically connected to thetrigger lever 36 via therod 192a.
 アイドルプーリ1140a、ガイドプーリ1142a及び受動プーリ1156aは略同径であり、受動ワイヤ1252aがあまり屈曲しないように、レイアウト上の可能な範囲で適度に大径にしている。ワイヤ係合部1250aは、受動ワイヤ1252aが過度に屈曲しないように、アイドルプーリ1140aよりも適度に離れた位置に設けられており、受動ワイヤ1252aの両端部はワイヤ係合部1250aを頂部として鋭角を形成している。アイドルプーリ1140aとガイドプーリ1142aとの間は狭く、例えば、受動ワイヤ1252aの幅と略等しい隙間が形成されている。Theidle pulley 1140a, theguide pulley 1142a, and thepassive pulley 1156a have substantially the same diameter, and have an appropriately large diameter within a possible range in the layout so that thepassive wire 1252a is not bent so much. Thewire engaging portion 1250a is provided at a position moderately separated from theidle pulley 1140a so that thepassive wire 1252a does not bend excessively, and both ends of thepassive wire 1252a have an acute angle with thewire engaging portion 1250a as the top. Is forming. The gap between theidle pulley 1140a and theguide pulley 1142a is narrow, and for example, a gap substantially equal to the width of thepassive wire 1252a is formed.
 アイドルプーリ1140a、ガイドプーリ1142a及び受動プーリ1156aには、受動ワイヤ1252aの抜け止めのために、上面及び下面に小さいフランジを設け、又は側面を凹形状にしてもよい。Theidle pulley 1140a, theguide pulley 1142a, and thepassive pulley 1156a may be provided with small flanges on the upper surface and the lower surface to prevent thepassive wire 1252a from coming off, or the side surfaces may be concave.
 図59から明らかなように、第1エンドエフェクタ駆動機構1320aでは、基端側から先端側に向かって、受動ワイヤ1252a、アイドルプーリ1140a、ガイドプーリ1142a及び受動プーリ1156aが中心線に沿って配置されている。エンドエフェクタ1300は、伝達部材1152等を介して受動プーリ1156aに連結されている。As is clear from FIG. 59, in the first endeffector driving mechanism 1320a, thepassive wire 1252a, theidle pulley 1140a, theguide pulley 1142a, and thepassive pulley 1156a are arranged along the center line from the proximal end side to the distal end side. ing. Theend effector 1300 is coupled to thepassive pulley 1156a via thetransmission member 1152 and the like.
 このように構成される第1エンドエフェクタ駆動機構1320aでは、ロッド192a(図59参照)をZ2方向に引き寄せると、平面視で、第1層アイドルプーリ1232及び第2層ガイドプーリ1238は反時計方向に回転し、第2層アイドルプーリ1234及び第1層ガイドプーリ1236は時計方向に回転する。このように、アイドルプーリ1140a及びガイドプーリ1142aは、それぞれ同軸上で2枚のプーリが並列する構成であることから、当接する受動ワイヤ1252aの動きに従って逆方向に回転可能であり、動作がスムーズである。In the first endeffector drive mechanism 1320a configured in this way, when therod 192a (see FIG. 59) is pulled in the Z2 direction, the first layeridle pulley 1232 and the secondlayer guide pulley 1238 are counterclockwise in plan view. The second layeridle pulley 1234 and the firstlayer guide pulley 1236 rotate clockwise. As described above, theidle pulley 1140a and theguide pulley 1142a are configured such that two pulleys are coaxially arranged in parallel, and thus can rotate in the reverse direction according to the movement of thepassive wire 1252a that comes into contact, and the operation is smooth. is there.
 図54~図57に示すように、エンドエフェクタ1300は、一対のグリッパ1302が動作をするいわゆる両開き型である。エンドエフェクタ1300は、カバー1160に対して一体構成のグリッパベース1304と、該グリッパベース1304に設けられたピン1196を基準にして動作する一対のエンドエフェクタ部材1308と、一対のグリッパリンク1220とを有する。54 to 57, theend effector 1300 is a so-called double-open type in which a pair ofgrippers 1302 operate. Theend effector 1300 includes agripper base 1304 that is integrally formed with thecover 1160, a pair ofend effector members 1308 that operate based onpins 1196 provided on thegripper base 1304, and a pair ofgripper links 1220. .
 各エンドエフェクタ部材1308は、L字形状であって、Z1方向に延在するグリッパ1302と、該グリッパ1302に対して略35°に曲がって延在するレバー部1310とを有する。L字形状の屈曲部には、孔1216が設けられ、レバー部1310の端部近傍には孔1218が設けられている。孔1216にピン1196が挿入されることにより一対のエンドエフェクタ部材1308は第3回転軸Ogを中心として揺動自在となる。Eachend effector member 1308 is L-shaped and has agripper 1302 extending in the Z1 direction and alever portion 1310 extending at approximately 35 ° with respect to thegripper 1302. Ahole 1216 is provided in the L-shaped bent portion, and ahole 1218 is provided in the vicinity of the end of thelever portion 1310. By inserting thepin 1196 into thehole 1216, the pair ofend effector members 1308 can swing around the third rotation axis Og.
 各エンドエフェクタ部材1308は側方の1つのグリッパリンク1220によって、受動板1158のピン1224に連接されている。エンドエフェクタ1300の受動板1158ではリンク孔1172が図55のY方向に対称位置に2つ設けられており、一対のグリッパリンク1220は側面視で交差する配置である。Eachend effector member 1308 is connected to thepin 1224 of thepassive plate 1158 by oneside gripper link 1220. In thepassive plate 1158 of theend effector 1300, twolink holes 1172 are provided at symmetrical positions in the Y direction in FIG. 55, and the pair ofgripper links 1220 are arranged so as to intersect in a side view.
 図53~図57に示すように、第2エンドエフェクタ駆動機構1320bは、第1エンドエフェクタ駆動機構1320a(図59参照)に対して、基本的には、折り返しプーリ(円柱部材、伝達部材)1350が付加された構成である。受動プーリ1156a及び受動プーリ1156bは同軸構成となっている。As shown in FIGS. 53 to 57, the second endeffector driving mechanism 1320b basically has a folding pulley (cylindrical member, transmission member) 1350 with respect to the first endeffector driving mechanism 1320a (see FIG. 59). Is added. Thepassive pulley 1156a and thepassive pulley 1156b have a coaxial configuration.
 主軸部材1144には、ピン1352が挿入及び固定される径方向の軸孔1354が設けられている。軸孔1354は、孔1144aを経由して主軸部材1144の筒部を貫通している。Themain shaft member 1144 is provided with aradial shaft hole 1354 into which thepin 1352 is inserted and fixed. Theshaft hole 1354 passes through the cylindrical portion of themain shaft member 1144 via thehole 1144a.
 伝達部材1152には、ピン1352が挿通可能な幅で軸方向に延在する長孔1356が設けられている。伝達部材1152は、作業部16の軸心よりY1方向にややオフセットした位置に設けられるが、先端の突起1174だけは軸心に配置させるとよい(図59参照)。もちろん、伝達部材1152は中心に配置してもよい。Thetransmission member 1152 is provided with along hole 1356 extending in the axial direction with a width through which thepin 1352 can be inserted. Thetransmission member 1152 is provided at a position slightly offset in the Y1 direction from the axis of the workingunit 16, but only theprotrusion 1174 at the tip may be arranged at the axis (see FIG. 59). Of course, thetransmission member 1152 may be arranged at the center.
 ピン1154は、伝達部材1152を通り抜けてY2方向に突出し受動プーリ1156bを軸支する。受動プーリ1156bは、受動ワイヤ1252bが2巻き可能な幅を有する。主軸部材1144の孔1144aは、受動プーリ1156a、1156b及び伝達部材1152が挿入可能な高さを有する(図54及び図57参照)。受動プーリ1156a及び1156bは、孔1144a内でピン1154によって同軸に軸支されており、独立的に回転自在である。Thepin 1154 passes through thetransmission member 1152 and protrudes in the Y2 direction to pivotally support thepassive pulley 1156b. Thepassive pulley 1156b has a width that allows thepassive wire 1252b to be wound twice. Thehole 1144a of themain shaft member 1144 has a height into which thepassive pulleys 1156a and 1156b and thetransmission member 1152 can be inserted (see FIGS. 54 and 57).Passive pulleys 1156a and 1156b are axially supported bypins 1154 in thehole 1144a and are independently rotatable.
 図53及び図54に示すように、ピン1352は、孔1144a内でY1方向からY2方向に向かって、長孔1356及び折り返しプーリ1350の中心孔に挿入されて、伝達部材1152と受動プーリ1156a及び1156bが軸方向に進退可能である。折り返しプーリ1350はピン1352に軸支されて回転自在であり、位置は固定である。折り返しプーリ1350は受動ワイヤ1252bが2巻き可能な幅を有する。また、折り返しプーリ1350を2層化することにより、開閉動作のときに反対方向に回転できる構成となり、受動ワイヤ1252bとプーリの摩擦を低減させることができる。As shown in FIGS. 53 and 54, thepin 1352 is inserted into the center hole of thelong hole 1356 and the foldingpulley 1350 from the Y1 direction toward the Y2 direction in thehole 1144a, and thetransmission member 1152 and thepassive pulley 1156a and 1156b can advance and retract in the axial direction. The foldingpulley 1350 is pivotally supported by apin 1352 and is rotatable, and its position is fixed. The foldingpulley 1350 has a width that allows thepassive wire 1252b to be wound twice. In addition, by forming the foldingpulley 1350 into two layers, the foldingpulley 1350 can be rotated in the opposite direction during the opening / closing operation, and friction between thepassive wire 1252b and the pulley can be reduced.
 図62、図63及び図64に示すように、第2エンドエフェクタ駆動機構1320bにおいては、受動プーリ1156bよりも先端側に折り返しプーリ1350が設けられ、受動ワイヤ1252bは、受動プーリ1156bと折り返しプーリ1350とにわたって巻き掛けられている。つまり、受動ワイヤ1252bは、駆動部材のロッド192bのワイヤ係合部1250b(図51~図53参照)から、アイドルプーリ1140bのX1方向を通り、X2方向に向かい、ガイドプーリ1142bのX2方向を通り受動プーリ1156bのX2方向面に至る。受動ワイヤ1252bはそのままZ1方向に向かって延在し、折り返しプーリ1350のX2方向の面に達し、該折り返しプーリ1350のZ1方向の面に半回転巻き付けられてZ2方向に折り返す。As shown in FIGS. 62, 63 and 64, in the second endeffector drive mechanism 1320b, a foldingpulley 1350 is provided on the tip side of thepassive pulley 1156b, and thepassive wire 1252b includes thepassive pulley 1156b and the foldingpulley 1350. It is wrapped around. That is, thepassive wire 1252b passes through the X1 direction of theidle pulley 1140b, the X2 direction, and the X2 direction of theguide pulley 1142b from thewire engaging portion 1250b (see FIGS. 51 to 53) of therod 192b of the driving member. It reaches the X2 direction surface of thepassive pulley 1156b. Thepassive wire 1252b extends in the Z1 direction as it is, reaches the surface in the X2 direction of the foldingpulley 1350, is wound around the Z1 direction surface of the foldingpulley 1350, and is folded in the Z2 direction.
 受動ワイヤ1252bは受動プーリ1156bのZ2方向の面に半回転巻き付けられてX2側を通って再度折り返しプーリ1350に至り、再び該折り返しプーリ1350のZ1方向の面に半回転巻き付けられてZ2方向に折り返す。この後、受動ワイヤ1252bはガイドプーリ1142bのX1方向からアイドルプーリ1140bのX2方向に至り、ロッド192bのワイヤ係合部1250bに接続される。ワイヤ係合部1250a及び受動ワイヤ1252bは、ロッド192bを介してトリガレバー36に対して機械的に接続されていることになる。Thepassive wire 1252b is wound around the Z2 direction surface of thepassive pulley 1156b by half rotation, passes through the X2 side, reaches the foldingpulley 1350 again, and is again wound around the Z1 direction surface of the foldingpulley 1350 by half rotation and is folded back in the Z2 direction. . Thereafter, thepassive wire 1252b extends from the X1 direction of theguide pulley 1142b to the X2 direction of theidle pulley 1140b and is connected to thewire engaging portion 1250b of therod 192b. Thewire engaging portion 1250a and thepassive wire 1252b are mechanically connected to thetrigger lever 36 via therod 192b.
 先端動作部12の構造について理解を容易にするために、その模式図を図53に示す。53. In order to facilitate understanding of the structure of the distalend working unit 12, a schematic diagram is shown in FIG.
 このように構成される先端動作部12では、図51に示すように、人手によりトリガレバー36を十分に引くと、ロッド192aは受動ワイヤ1252aを引き寄せ、受動プーリ1156a、伝達部材1152をZ2方向に移動させることからエンドエフェクタ1300を閉じさせることができる。つまり、ロッド192aや受動ワイヤ1252a、受動プーリ1156a等の伝達部材が牽引されることによりエンドエフェクタ1300が閉じられる。In the distalend working unit 12 configured as described above, as shown in FIG. 51, when thetrigger lever 36 is sufficiently pulled by hand, therod 192a pulls thepassive wire 1252a and moves thepassive pulley 1156a and thetransmission member 1152 in the Z2 direction. Theend effector 1300 can be closed from the movement. That is, theend effector 1300 is closed by pulling transmission members such as therod 192a, thepassive wire 1252a, and thepassive pulley 1156a.
 この場合、第2エンドエフェクタ駆動機構1320bについては、ロッド192bは、押し出されるように配置されているため、伝達部材1152の動作を阻害しない。In this case, with respect to the second endeffector driving mechanism 1320b, therod 192b is disposed so as to be pushed out, and therefore does not hinder the operation of thetransmission member 1152.
 また、図52に示すように、人手によりトリガレバー36を十分に押し出すと、伝達部材1152及び受動プーリ1156aは先端側にZ1方向に移動してエンドエフェクタ1300を開くことができる。Further, as shown in FIG. 52, when thetrigger lever 36 is sufficiently pushed out by hand, thetransmission member 1152 and thepassive pulley 1156a can move in the Z1 direction toward the tip side to open theend effector 1300.
 エンドエフェクタ1300には、トリガレバー36を人手によって押し出す力が第2エンドエフェクタ駆動機構1320bによって機械的に直接伝えられることから、弾性体のような所定の力ではなく任意の強い力で開くことができる。したがって、エンドエフェクタ1300の外側面を用いて生体組織を剥離させ、又は孔部を拡開させるような手技に対して好適に用いることができる。Theend effector 1300 is mechanically directly transmitted by the second endeffector drive mechanism 1320b to push thetrigger lever 36 manually, so that theend effector 1300 can be opened with an arbitrary strong force instead of a predetermined force such as an elastic body. it can. Therefore, it can be suitably used for a procedure in which the biological tissue is peeled off using the outer side surface of theend effector 1300 or the hole is expanded.
 また、エンドエフェクタ1300の外側面に対象物が接触した場合には、受動ワイヤ1252b、ロッド192b及びトリガレバー36もそれ以上Z1方向に動かなくなり、操作者はエンドエフェクタ1300の外側面が対象物に接触したこと、及び該対象物の硬さ等を指先で知覚することができる。Further, when the object comes into contact with the outer surface of theend effector 1300, thepassive wire 1252b, therod 192b, and thetrigger lever 36 do not move further in the Z1 direction, and the operator can move the outer surface of theend effector 1300 to the object. The contact and the hardness of the object can be perceived with the fingertip.
 先端動作部12は、ヨー軸動作及びロール軸動作が可能である。図示を省略するが、先端動作部12では、ヨー軸動作をする場合、ガイドプーリ1142a及びガイドプーリ1142bの軸1112(図53参照)を中心にして、それよりも先端の複合機構部1102及びエンドエフェクタ1300がヨー方向に揺動する。先端動作部12は、非干渉機構であることから、ヨー軸動作をしてもエンドエフェクタ1300の開度が変化することはなく、逆にエンドエフェクタ1300の開度を変化させてもヨー軸が動作することはない。エンドエフェクタ1300とロール軸の関係についても同様である。Thetip motion unit 12 is capable of yaw axis operation and roll axis operation. Although not shown in the drawings, thetip operating unit 12 is centered on the shaft 1112 (see FIG. 53) of theguide pulley 1142a and theguide pulley 1142b when the yaw axis operation is performed, and thecomposite mechanism unit 1102 and the end at the tip of theguide pulley 1142a and end are centered. Theeffector 1300 swings in the yaw direction. Since the distalend working unit 12 is a non-interference mechanism, the opening degree of theend effector 1300 does not change even if the yaw axis operation is performed. Conversely, even if the opening degree of theend effector 1300 is changed, the yaw axis does not change. It will not work. The same applies to the relationship between theend effector 1300 and the roll shaft.
 次に、先端動作部12の変形例としての先端動作部12aを図65に示す。Next, a distalend working portion 12a as a modification of the distalend working portion 12 is shown in FIG.
 図65に示すように、先端動作部12aは、前記の先端動作部12(図52参照)と比較して第1エンドエフェクタ駆動機構1320aを有している点で共通するが、第2エンドエフェクタ駆動機構1320bが省略された構成となっている。先端動作部12aについて、先端動作部12と同一の構成要素については同一の参照符号を付して、その詳細な説明を省略する。As shown in FIG. 65, the distalend working unit 12a is common to the distal end working unit 12 (see FIG. 52) in that it has a first endeffector drive mechanism 1320a. Thedrive mechanism 1320b is omitted. Regarding the distalend working unit 12a, the same components as those of the distalend working unit 12 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted.
 先端動作部12aは、前記の両開き型のエンドエフェクタ1300に代えて片開き式のエンドエフェクタ1300aが設けられている。エンドエフェクタ1300aは、固定のグリッパ1202とピン1196を中心として軸開閉動作をするグリッパ1212と、伝達部材1152をZ1方向に弾性付勢するスプリング1305とを有している。グリッパ1212は、伝達部材1152が進退することにともなってグリッパリンク1220を介して開閉駆動される。すなわち、トリガレバー36をZ2方向に引くと第1エンドエフェクタ駆動機構1320aによって伝達部材1152もZ2方向に変位し、グリッパ1212は図65における反時計方向に回動してエンドエフェクタ1300が閉動作をする。一方、トリガレバー36を開放すると、伝達部材1152はスプリング1305の付勢によってZ1方向に変位し、エンドエフェクタ1300は開状態に復帰する。また、トリガレバー36はZ1方向に復帰する。Thetip operating portion 12a is provided with a single-opentype end effector 1300a instead of the double-opentype end effector 1300. Theend effector 1300a includes a fixedgripper 1202, agripper 1212 that opens and closes around apin 1196, and aspring 1305 that elastically biases thetransmission member 1152 in the Z1 direction. Thegripper 1212 is driven to open and close via thegripper link 1220 as thetransmission member 1152 advances and retreats. That is, when thetrigger lever 36 is pulled in the Z2 direction, thetransmission member 1152 is also displaced in the Z2 direction by the first endeffector driving mechanism 1320a, and thegripper 1212 rotates counterclockwise in FIG. To do. On the other hand, when thetrigger lever 36 is opened, thetransmission member 1152 is displaced in the Z1 direction by the bias of thespring 1305, and theend effector 1300 returns to the open state. Thetrigger lever 36 returns in the Z1 direction.
 本発明は、例えば図66に示すような手術用ロボットシステム700に適用してもよい。The present invention may be applied to asurgical robot system 700 as shown in FIG. 66, for example.
 手術用ロボットシステム700は、多関節型のロボットアーム702と、コンソール704とを有し、ロボットアーム702の先端には前記のマニピュレータ10と同じ機構が設けられている。ロボットアーム702の先端部708には、操作部14に代えて、内部に駆動部30を収納した基部14aが固定され、該基部14aに対して作業部16が着脱可能に取り付けられる。ロボットアーム702は、作業部16を移動させる手段であればよく、据置型に限らず、例えば自律移動型でもよい。コンソール704は、テーブル型、制御盤型等の構成を採り得る。Thesurgical robot system 700 includes an articulatedrobot arm 702 and aconsole 704, and the same mechanism as themanipulator 10 is provided at the tip of therobot arm 702. Instead of theoperation unit 14, a base 14 a that houses thedrive unit 30 is fixed to thedistal end 708 of therobot arm 702, and the workingunit 16 is detachably attached to the base 14 a. Therobot arm 702 may be any means that moves the workingunit 16, and is not limited to a stationary type, but may be an autonomous moving type, for example. Theconsole 704 may take a configuration such as a table type or a control panel type.
 ロボットアーム702は、独立的な6以上の関節(回転軸やスライド軸等)を有すると、作業部16の位置及び向きを任意に設定できて好適である。先端のマニピュレータ10を構成する基部14aは、ロボットアーム702の先端部708と一体化している。マニピュレータ10は、前記のトリガレバー36による機械的な動作機構の代わりに図示しないモータ(人手によって操作する入力部に連動するアクチュエータ)による電気的な動作機構を有し、該モータが2本のロッド192a及び192bを駆動する。If therobot arm 702 has six or more independent joints (such as a rotation axis and a slide axis), the position and orientation of the workingunit 16 can be arbitrarily set. Abase portion 14 a constituting themanipulator 10 at the distal end is integrated with thedistal end portion 708 of therobot arm 702. Themanipulator 10 has an electric operation mechanism by a motor (actuator interlocked with an input unit operated manually) instead of the mechanical operation mechanism by thetrigger lever 36, and the motor has two rods. 192a and 192b are driven.
 ロボットアーム702は、コンソール704の作用下に動作し、プログラムによる自動動作や、コンソール704に設けられたジョイスティック706に倣った操作、及びこれらの複合的な動作をする構成にしてもよい。コンソール704は、前記のコントローラの機能を含んでいる。作業部16には、前記の先端動作部12が設けられている。Therobot arm 702 may operate under the action of theconsole 704, and may be configured to perform automatic operation according to a program, operation following ajoystick 706 provided on theconsole 704, and a combination of these operations. Theconsole 704 includes the functions of the controller. The workingunit 16 is provided with the distalend working unit 12.
 コンソール704には、操作指令部としての2つのジョイスティック706と、モニタ710が設けられている。図示を省略するが、2つのジョイスティック706により、2台のロボットアーム702を個別に操作が可能である。2つのジョイスティック706は、両手で操作し易い位置に設けられている。モニタ710には、軟性鏡による画像等の情報が表示される。Theconsole 704 is provided with twojoysticks 706 as operation command units and amonitor 710. Although not shown, tworobot arms 702 can be individually operated by twojoysticks 706. The twojoysticks 706 are provided at positions that can be easily operated with both hands. On themonitor 710, information such as an image by a flexible endoscope is displayed.
 ジョイスティック706は、上下動作、左右動作、捻り動作、及び傾動動作が可能であり、これらの動作に応じてロボットアーム702を動かすことができる。ジョイスティック706はマスターアームであってもよい。ロボットアーム702とコンソール704との間の通信手段は、有線、無線、ネットワーク又はこれらの組合せでよい。Thejoystick 706 can move up and down, move left and right, twist, and tilt, and can move therobot arm 702 according to these operations. Thejoystick 706 may be a master arm. The communication means between therobot arm 702 and theconsole 704 may be wired, wireless, network, or a combination thereof.
 ジョイスティック706には、トリガレバー36が設けられており、該トリガレバー36を操作することにより前記モータを駆動可能である。Thejoystick 706 is provided with atrigger lever 36, and the motor can be driven by operating thetrigger lever 36.
 本発明は、上述の実施の形態に限らず、本発明の要旨を逸脱することなく、種々の構成乃至工程を採り得ることは勿論である。Of course, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various configurations and processes can be adopted without departing from the gist of the present invention.

Claims (10)

  1.  人手によって把持されるハンドル(26)を有する基部(14)と、
     前記基部(14)に対して着脱可能な作業部(16)と、
     を備え、
     前記作業部(16)は、人手によって操作される作業部側入力部と、該作業部側入力部の操作によって動作する先端動作部(12)と、該先端動作部(12)を先端に設けたシャフト(18)と、該シャフト(18)内を挿通して前記作業部側入力部への入力操作を前記先端動作部(12)へと機械的に伝達する操作伝達部とを有することを特徴とする医療用マニピュレータ。
    A base (14) having a handle (26) gripped by a hand;
    A working part (16) removable from the base part (14);
    With
    The working unit (16) is provided with a working unit side input unit that is manually operated, a tip operating unit (12) that operates by operating the working unit side input unit, and the tip operating unit (12) at the tip. A shaft (18), and an operation transmission unit that mechanically transmits an input operation to the working unit side input unit to the tip operation unit (12) through the shaft (18). A medical manipulator featuring the features.
  2.  請求項4又は5記載の医療用マニピュレータにおいて、
     前記爪部(206a)又は前記係合部(27)が前記トリガレバー(36)に設けられており、且つ弾性的に揺動可能に支持されると共に、前記トリガレバー(36)には、前記弾性的に揺動可能に支持された前記爪部(206a)又は前記係合部(27)の係合方向への揺動を所定位置で規制するストッパ部材(211)が設けられていることを特徴とする医療用マニピュレータ。
    The medical manipulator according to claim 4 or 5,
    The claw portion (206a) or the engagement portion (27) is provided on the trigger lever (36) and is supported elastically and swingably, and the trigger lever (36) A stopper member (211) is provided for restricting the rocking in the engaging direction of the claw portion (206a) or the engaging portion (27) supported in an elastically swingable manner at a predetermined position. A medical manipulator featuring the features.
  3.  請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載の医療用マニピュレータにおいて、
     前記基部(14)は、アクチュエータ(100、102)によって回転される駆動軸(115、116)と、前記アクチュエータ(100、102)を駆動させる基部側入力部(24)を有し、
     前記作業部(16)は、前記駆動軸(115、116)によって従動回転されて前記先端動作部(12)に前記作業部側入力部(36)による入力操作とは異なる動作を付与する従動軸(158a、158b)と、該従動軸(158a、158b)の回転を前記先端動作部(12)へと伝達する可撓性部材(1052、1054)とを有することを特徴とする医療用マニピュレータ。
    The medical manipulator according to any one of claims 1 to 8,
    The base (14) has a drive shaft (115, 116) rotated by the actuator (100, 102) and a base side input unit (24) for driving the actuator (100, 102).
    The working unit (16) is driven and rotated by the drive shafts (115, 116) to give the tip working unit (12) a motion different from the input operation by the working unit side input unit (36). (158a, 158b) and a flexible manipulator (1052, 1054) for transmitting the rotation of the driven shaft (158a, 158b) to the distal end working unit (12).
  4.  請求項9記載の医療用マニピュレータにおいて、
     前記駆動軸(115、116)及び前記従動軸(158a、158b)には、一方の先端に係合凸部(137、138)が設けられ、他方の先端に前記係合凸部(137、138)に係合可能な係合凹部(176a、176b)が設けられ、
     前記係合凸部(137、138)及び前記係合凹部(176a、176b)は、前記基部(14)及び前記作業部(16)が装着された状態で互いに係合して、前記駆動軸(115、116)の回転を前記従動軸(158a、158b)に伝達可能であることを特徴とする医療用マニピュレータ。
    The medical manipulator according to claim 9, wherein
    The drive shafts (115, 116) and the driven shafts (158a, 158b) are provided with engaging convex portions (137, 138) at one end, and the engaging convex portions (137, 138) at the other end. Engaging recesses (176a, 176b) are provided,
    The engaging convex portions (137, 138) and the engaging concave portions (176a, 176b) are engaged with each other with the base portion (14) and the working portion (16) mounted, and the drive shaft ( 115, 116) can transmit the rotation of the driven shafts (158a, 158b) to the driven manipulator.
PCT/JP2010/0576732009-04-302010-04-30Medical manipulatorWO2010126129A1 (en)

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