USRE49839E1

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Publication number: USRE49839E1
Application number: US16/854,232
Authority: US
Inventors: Kyung-Woo Lee; Kang-Ho Byun; Chong-Min LEE; Hee-Won Jung; Min-Cheol Ha; Seung-Woo Han
Original assignee: Samsung Electronics Co Ltd
Current assignee: Samsung Electronics Co Ltd
Priority date: 2013-06-05
Filing date: 2020-04-21
Publication date: 2024-02-13
Anticipated expiration: 2034-06-05
Also published as: EP3008794A4; EP3008794A1; CN105264744B; US9806554B2; US10236724B2; CN105264744A; EP3008794B1; KR102142017B1; US20140361738A1; US20180006486A1; CN107968493B; WO2014196794A1; CN107968493A; KR20140143104A

Abstract

A method of controlling a wireless power receiver. The method includes receiving, by a power receiver, power from a wireless power transmitter; receiving, from the wireless power transmitter, a time set value that is set for checking cross connection; in response to receiving the time set value, generating a power variation in the wireless power receiver by converting a load status from a first load status to a second load status; and maintaining the second load status for a time corresponding to the received time set value.

Description

PRIORITY

This continuation application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. § 120 to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/297,251 filed on Jun. 5, 2014 in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,806,554 issued on Oct. 31, 2017, which claims priority under 35 U.S.C. § 119(a) to a Korean Patent Application filed on Jun. 5, 2013 in the Korean Intellectual Property Office and assigned Serial No. 10-2013-0065009, the entire contents of each of which are incorporated herein by reference.

BACKGROUND

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates generally to a wireless charging network, and more particularly, to a method for generating a load variation used for detecting a wireless power receiving unit in wireless charging, allowing a wireless power transmitting unit to detect a wireless power receiving unit that has entered a wireless charging network.

2. Description of the Related Art

Mobile terminals such as a mobile phone, a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA), etc., are driven with rechargeable batteries, and the battery of the mobile terminal is charged using a separate charging apparatus. In general, the charging apparatus and the battery each have external contact terminals, and the charging apparatus and the battery are electrically connected to each other using the contact terminals.

However, since the contact terminal protrudes outward in such a contact type charging scheme, the contact terminal is easily contaminated by a rogue object and thus battery charging might not be performed correctly. Further, battery charging might also not be performed correctly when the contact terminal is exposed to moisture.

Recently, a wireless charging or a non-contact charging technology was developed and used for electronic devices to solve the above-mentioned problems.

Such a wireless charging technology employs wireless power transmission/reception, and corresponds to, for example, a system in which a battery can be automatically charged if the battery is laid on a charging pad without the need of a wired connection between the mobile phone and a separate charging connector. Examples of wireless charging technology include the wireless electrical toothbrush and the wireless electric shaver. Accordingly, electronic products are charged in a waterproof manner through wireless charging, and the portability of electronic products is increased since there is no need for a wired charging apparatus. Therefore, the number of technologies using wireless charging technology is expected to increase significantly, especially in the coming age of electric cars.

Wireless charging technology largely includes an electro-magnetic induction scheme using a coil, a resonance scheme, and an RF/microwave radiation scheme for converting electrical energy to either an RF or microwave signal and transmitting the RF or microwave signal.

Presently, electromagnetic induction schemes are not mainstream, but it is expected that the day will come when all electronic products will be wirelessly charged, anytime and anywhere. Based on recent successful experiments on transmitting power wirelessly dozens of meters using microwaves, wired charging technology is expected to disappear in the near future for use at home and abroad.

A power transmission method using electromagnetic induction transmits electrical power between a primary coil and a secondary coil. When a magnet is moved in a coil, a current is induced in the coil according to the rate of change of the magnetic field. The induction current then generates a magnetic field at a transferring end to generate energy at a reception end. The phenomenon is referred to as magnetic induction, and the electric power transmission method using magnetic induction has a high energy transmission efficiency.

With respect to the resonance scheme, Prof. Soljacic of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) announced a system in which electricity is wirelessly transferred using an electric power transmission principle of the resonance scheme based on a coupled mode theory even if a device to be charged is separated from a charging device by several meters (m). A wireless charging system of an MIT research team employed the concept of resonance (e.g., the tendency of a tuning fork oscillating at a particular frequency to cause a wine glass next to the tuning fork to oscillates at the same frequency to make an electromagnetic wave containing electrical energy resonate instead of making sounds resonate. The resonated electrical energy is transferred only when there is a device having a resonance frequency, and only the portion of the resonating electrical energy that is are being used is reabsorbed into an electromagnetic field instead of being broadcast. Therefore, the resonating electrical energy would not affect surrounding devices or people, unlike other electromagnetic waves.

There is a method for detecting a change in impedance in which a wireless power transmitting unit (PTU) determines that a wireless power receiving unit (PRU) is put thereon.

However, when detecting a load (i.e., an impedance), the PTU is very likely to falsely detect a change in impedance when a threshold for detecting a change in impedance is set too low. On the other hand, if the threshold for detecting a change in impedance is set too high, the PTU is very likely to fail to detect a change in impedance when an object's change in impedance is insignificant.

In addition, the PTU may not accurately detect a variation in load, if there is only a small change in impedance between a case where no PRU is put on the PTU and another case where a PRU is put on the PTU. In other words, the difference in impedance between the two cases should be sufficiently large in order for the PTU to accurately detect a variation in load.

In the conventional impedance detection method, a PTU may hardly detect a variation in load, because a change in power due to the variation in load is insignificant, even though a resistance varies when a PRU is put on the PTU. In addition, a point at which there is no change in reactance may exist on the PTU.

Therefore, there is a need for a method capable of accurately detecting a PRU when the PRU is placed on a PTU.

SUMMARY

The present invention has been made to address the above problems and disadvantages and to provide at least the advantages described below.

Accordingly, an aspect of the present invention is to provide a method and apparatus for generating a load variation used for detecting a wireless PRU in wireless charging, in which a dummy load is added to the wireless power receiving unit, allowing a wireless PTU to efficiently detect a load in accordance with a change in impedance.

In accordance with an aspect of the present invention, a method of controlling a wireless power receiver is provided. The method includes receiving, by a power receiver, power from a wireless power transmitter; receiving, from the wireless power transmitter, a time set value that is set for checking cross connection; in response to receiving the time set value, generating a power variation in the wireless power receiver by converting a load status from a first load status to a second load status; and maintaining the second load status for a time corresponding to the received time set value.

In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, a wireless power receiving is provided. The wireless power receiver includes a power receiver configured to receive power from a wireless power transmitter; a communication module configured to receive, from the wireless power transmitter, a time set value that is set for checking cross connection; and a controller configured to: generate a power variation in the wireless power receiver by converting a load status from a first load status to a second load status, and maintain the second load status for time corresponding to the received time set value.

In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, a method for controlling a wireless power transmitter is provided. The method includes transmitting a time set value that is set for checking cross connection to the wireless power receiver; detecting a load variation of the wireless power receiver; comparing the time set value with a load variation period; determining whether the wireless power receiver is cross-connected, based on the comparison result; and in response to determining that the wireless power receiver is cross-connected, transmitting a PRU control signal with a permission field indicating that the wireless power receiver is not permitted due to the cross connection.

In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, a wireless power transmitter is provided. The wireless power transmitter includes a communication module configured to transmit a time set value that is set for checking cross connection to a wireless power receiver; and a controller configured to: detect a load variation of the wireless power receiver, compare the time set value with a load variation period, determine whether the wireless power receiver is cross-connected, based on the comparison result, and in response to determining that the wireless power receiver is cross-connected, transmit, through the communication module, a PRU control signal with a permission field indicating that the wireless power receiver is not permitted due to the cross connection.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The above and other aspects, features and advantages of the present invention will be more apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIG.1 is a block diagram which illustrates a wireless charging system;

FIG.2 is a block diagram which illustrates a wireless power transmitting unit and a wireless power receiving unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG.3 is a block diagram illustrating a wireless power transmitting unit and a wireless power receiving unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG.4 is a flow diagram illustrating operations of a wireless power transmitting unit and a wireless power receiving unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG.5 is a flowchart illustrating operations of a wireless power transmitting unit and a wireless power receiving unit according to another embodiment of the present invention;

FIG.6 is a graph on an x axis (or time axis) of an amount of power applied by a wireless power transmitting unit;

FIG.7 is a flowchart illustrating a control method of a wireless power transmitting unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG.8 is a graph on an x axis (or time axis) of an amount of power applied by a wireless power transmitting unit according to the embodiment ofFIG.7;

FIG.9 is a flowchart illustrating a control method of a wireless power transmitting unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG.10 is a graph on an x axis (or time axis) of an amount of power applied by a wireless power transmitting unit according to the embodiment ofFIG.9;

FIG.11 is a block diagram of a wireless power transmitting unit and a wireless power receiving unit in an SA mode according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG.12 illustrates a wireless power transmitting unit;

FIG.13 illustrates impedance detected by a wireless power transmitting unit;

FIG.14 illustrates a wireless power transmitting unit on which a wireless power receiving unit is placed;

FIG.15 illustrates impedance detected by a wireless power transmitting unit on which a wireless power receiving unit is placed;

FIG.16 is a circuit diagram of a wireless power receiving unit to which a dummy load is added according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG.17 is a circuit diagram of a wireless power receiving unit to which a dummy load is added according to another embodiment of the present invention;

FIG.18 is a flow diagram illustrating a procedure for detecting a load variation according to a first embodiment of the present invention;

FIG.19 is a graph illustrating an example of detecting a load variation according to the first embodiment of the present invention;

FIG.20 is a flowchart illustrating a procedure for detecting a load variation according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG.21 is a graph illustrating an example of detecting a load variation according to the second embodiment of the present invention;

FIG.22 is a flowchart illustrating a procedure for detecting a load variation according to a third embodiment of the present invention;

FIG.23 is a graph illustrating an example of detecting a load variation according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG.24 is a flow diagram illustrating a procedure for detecting a load variation according to an embodiment of the present invention; and

FIG.25 is a graph illustrating an example of detecting a load variation according to an embodiment of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Hereinafter, embodiment of the present invention are described in detail it is to be noted that the same reference numbers are used throughout the drawings to refer to the same elements. The following description with reference to the accompanying drawings is provided to assist in a comprehensive understanding of embodiments of the present invention as defined by the claims and their equivalents. It includes various details to assist in that understanding but these are to be regarded as merely exemplary. Accordingly, those of ordinary skilled in the art will recognize that various changes and modifications of the embodiments of the present invention described herein can be made without departing from the scope and spirit of the present invention. In addition, descriptions of well-known functions and constructions may be omitted for clarity and conciseness.

The terms and words used in the following description and claims are not limited their dictionary meanings, but, are merely used to enable a clear and consistent understanding of the present invention. Accordingly, it should be apparent to those skilled in the art that the following description of embodiments of the present invention is provided for illustration purpose only and not for the purpose of limiting the present invention as defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

It is to be understood that the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Thus, for example, reference to “a component surface” includes reference to one or more of such surfaces.

By the term “substantially” it is meant that the recited characteristic, parameter, or value need not be achieved exactly, but that deviations or variations, including for example, tolerances, measurement error, measurement accuracy limitations and other factors known to those of skill in the art, may occur in amounts that do not preclude the effect the characteristic was intended to provide.

First, reference will be made toFIGS.1 to11, to describe the concept of the wireless charging system to which embodiments of the present invention are applicable. Next, reference will be made toFIGS.12 to25, to describe in detail methods for generating a load variation according to various embodiments of the present invention.

FIG.1 illustrates a wireless charging system.

As shown inFIG.1, the wireless charging system includes a wirelesspower transmitting unit100 and one or more wireless power receiving units110-1,110-2, . . . , and110-n.

The wirelesspower transmitting unit100 wirelessly transmits power1-1,1-2, . . . , and1-n to the one or more wireless power receiving units110-1,110-2, . . . , and110-n, respectively. The wirelesspower transmitting unit100 wirelessly transmits the power1-1,1-2, . . . , and1-n only to the wireless power receiving units authorized through a preset authentication process.

The wirelesspower transmitting unit100 forms wireless connections with the wireless power receiving units110-1,110-2, . . . , and110-n. For example, the wirelesspower transmitting unit100 transmits wireless power to the wireless power receiving units110-1,110-2, . . . , and110-n through electromagnetic waves.

The one or more wireless power receiving units110-1,110-2, . . . , and110-n wirelessly receive power from the wirelesspower transmitting unit100 to charge batteries inside the wireless power receiving units110-1,110-2, . . . , and110-n. Further, the one or more wireless power receiving units110-1,110-2, . . . , and110-n transmits messages2-1,2-2, . . . , and2-n including a request for wireless power transmission, information required for reception of wireless power, state information of the wireless power receiving units110-1,110-2, . . . , and110-n and information (that is, control information) for controlling the wirelesspower transmitting unit100 to the wirelesspower transmitting unit100. Similarly, the wirelesspower transmitting unit100 transmits a message including state information of the wirelesspower transmitting unit100 and information (that is, control information) for controlling the wireless power receiving units110-1,110-2, . . . , and110-n to the wireless power receiving units110-1,110-2, . . . , and110-n.

Further, each of the wireless power receiving units110-1,110-2, . . . , and110-n transmits a message indicating a charging state to the wirelesspower transmitting unit100.

The wirelesspower transmitting unit100 includes a display unit such as a display, and displays a state of each of the wireless power receiving units110-1,110-2, and110-n based on the message received from each of the wireless power receiving units110-1,110-2, . . . , and110-n. Further, the wirelesspower transmitting unit100 also displays a time expected to be spent until each of the wireless power receiving units110-1,110-2, . . . , and110-n is completely charged.

The wirelesspower transmitting unit100 transmits a control signal (or control message) for disabling a wireless charging function of each of the one or more wireless power receiving units110-1,110-2, . . . , and110-n. The wireless power receiving units having received the disable control signal of the wireless charging function from the wirelesspower transmitting unit100 disable the wireless charging function.

FIG.2 illustrates a wireless power transmitting unit and a wireless power receiving unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.

As illustrated inFIG.2, the wirelesspower transmitting unit200 includes at least apower transmitter211, acontroller212, acommunication unit213, adisplay unit214, and astorage unit215. Further, the wirelesspower receiving unit250 includes apower receiver251, acontroller252, and acommunication unit253.

Thepower transmitter211 supplies power which is required by the wirelesspower transmitting unit200, and wirelessly provides power to the wirelesspower receiving unit250. Thepower transmitter211 supplies power in an Alternating Current (AC) waveform type, or converts power in a Direct Current (DC) waveform type to the power in the AC waveform type by using an inverter, and then supplies the power in the AC waveform type. Thepower transmitter211 is implemented in a form of an embedded battery or in a form of a power receiving interface so as to receive the power from outside thereof and supply the power to the other components. It will be easily understood by those skilled in the art that thepower transmitter211 is not limited if it supplies power of constant alternate current waves.

Thecontroller212 controls overall operations of the wirelesspower transmitting unit200. Thecontroller212 controls overall operations of the wirelesspower transmitting unit200 by using an algorithm, a program, or an application which is required for a control and reads from thestorage unit215. Thecontroller212 may be implemented in a form of a CPU, a microprocessor, a mini computer and the like.

Thecommunication unit213 communicates with the wirelesspower receiving unit250. Thecommunication unit213 receives power information from the wirelesspower receiving unit250. Here, the power information includes at least one of a capacity of the wirelesspower receiving unit250, a residual amount of the battery, a number of times of charging, an amount of use, a battery capacity, and a proportion of the remaining battery capacity. Further, thecommunication unit213 transmits a signal of controlling a charging function in order to control the charging function of the wirelesspower receiving unit250. The signal of controlling the charging function may be a control signal for controlling thepower receiver251 of the wirelesspower receiving unit250 so as to enable or disable the charging function. More specifically, the power information may include information on an insertion of a wireless charging terminal, a transition from a Stand Alone (SA) mode to a Non-Stand Alone (NSA) mode, error state release and the like.

Thecommunication unit213 receives a signal from another wireless power transmitting unit (not shown) as well as from the wirelesspower receiving unit250.

Thecontroller212 displays a state of the wirelesspower receiving unit250 on adisplay unit214 based on the message received from the wirelesspower receiving unit250 through thecommunication unit213. Further, thecontroller212 also displays a time expected to be spent until the wireless power receiving unit is completely charged on thedisplay unit214.

FIG.3 is a block diagram illustrating the wirelesspower transmitting unit200 and the wirelesspower receiving unit250 according to an embodiment of the present invention.

As illustrated inFIG.3, the wirelesspower transmitting unit200 includes thepower transmitter211, the controller/communication unit (Multipoint Control Unit (MCU) & Out-of-band Signaling)212/213, a driver (Power Supply)217, an amplifier (Power Amp)218, and a matching unit (Matching Circuit)216. The wirelesspower receiving unit250 includes thepower receiver251, the controller/communication unit252/253, a DC/DC converter255, a switching unit (Switch)256, and a loading unit (Client Device Load)257.

Thedriver217 outputs DC power having a preset voltage value. The voltage value of the DC power output by thedriver217 is controlled by the controller/communication unit212/213.

The DC power output from thedriver217 is output to theamplifier218, which amplifies the DC power by a preset gain. Further, theamplifier218 converts DC power to AC power based on a signal input from the controller/communication unit212/213. Accordingly, theamplifier218 outputs AC power.

Thematching unit216 performs impedance matching. For example, thematching unit216 adjusts impedance viewed from thematching unit216 to control output power to be high efficient or high output power. Thematching unit216 also adjusts impedance based on a control of the controller/communication unit212/213. Thematching unit216 includes at least one of a coil and a capacitor. The controller/communication unit212/213 controls a connection state with at least one of the coil and the capacitor, and accordingly, performs impedance matching.

Thepower transmitter211 transmits input AC power to thepower receiver251. Thepower transmitter211 and thepower receiver251 are implemented by resonant circuits having the same resonance frequency. For example, the resonance frequency may be 6.78 MHz.

The controller/communication unit212/213 communicates with the controller/communication unit252/253 of the wirelesspower receiving unit250, and performs communication (Wireless Fidelity (WiFi), ZigBee, or Bluetooth (BT)/Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE)), for example, with a bidirectional 2.4 GHz frequency.

Thepower receiver251 receives charging power.

The rectifyingunit254 rectifies wireless power received by thepower receiver251 in the form of direct current, and is implemented in a form of bridge diode. The DC/DC converter255 converts the rectified electric current into a predetermined gain. For example, the DC/DC converter255 converts the rectified electric current so that a voltage of an output end259 becomes 5V. Meanwhile, a minimum value and a maximum value of the voltage which can be applied is preset for a front end258 of the DC/DC converter255.

Theswitching unit256 connects the DC/DC converter255 to theloading unit257. Theswitching unit256 is held in an on/off state under a control of thecontroller252. In a case where theswitch256 is in the ON state, theloading unit257 stores converted electric power which is input from the DC/DC converter255.

FIG.4 is a flow diagram illustrating operations of the wireless power transmitting unit and the wireless power receiving unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.

As illustrated inFIG.4, a wirelesspower transmitting unit400 applies power in operation S401. When the power is applied, the wirelesspower transmitting unit400 configures an environment in operation S402.

The wirelesspower transmitting unit400 enters a power saving mode in operation S403. In the power saving mode, the wirelesspower transmitting unit400 applies different types of power beacons for detection according to their own periods, which will be described in more detail with reference toFIG.6. For example, inFIG.4, the wirelesspower transmitting unit400 applies detection power beacons404 and405, and the sizes of power values of the detection power beacons404 and405 may be different. A part or all of the detection power beacons404 and405 may have power enough to drive the communication unit of the wirelesspower receiving unit450. For example, the wirelesspower receiving unit450 drives the communication unit by the part or all of the detection power beacons404 and405 to communicate with the wirelesspower transmitting unit400. The above state is named a null state in operation S406.

The wirelesspower transmitting unit400 detects a load change by an arrangement of the wirelesspower receiving unit450. The wirelesspower transmitting unit400 enters a low power mode in operation S409. The low power mode will be described in more detail with reference toFIG.6. Meanwhile, the wirelesspower receiving unit450 drives the communication unit based on power received from the wirelesspower transmitting unit400 in operation S409.

The wirelesspower receiving unit450 transmits a PTU searching signal to the wirelesspower transmitting unit400 in operation S410. The wirelesspower receiving unit450 transmits the PTU searching signal as an advertisement signal based on a Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) scheme. The wirelesspower receiving unit450 transmits the PTU searching signal periodically or until a preset time arrive, and receives a response signal from the wirelesspower transmitting unit400.

When receiving the PTU searching signal from the wirelesspower receiving unit450, the wirelesspower transmitting unit400 transmits a PRU response signal in operation S411. The PRU response signal forms a connection between the wirelesspower transmitting unit400 and the wirelesspower receiving unit450. The wirelesspower receiving unit450 transmits a PRU static signal in operation S412. The PRU static signal is a signal indicating that the wirelesspower receiving unit450 is making a request for joining the wireless power network managed by the wirelesspower transmitting unit400.

The wirelesspower transmitting unit400 transmits a PTU static signal in operation S413. The PTU static signal transmitted by the wirelesspower transmitting unit400 is a signal indicating a capability of the wirelesspower transmitting unit400.

When the wirelesspower transmitting unit400 and the wirelesspower receiving unit450 transmit and receive the PRU static signal and the PTU static signal, the wirelesspower receiving unit450 periodically transmits a PRU dynamic signal in operations S414 and S415. The PRU dynamic signal includes at least one parameter information measured by the wirelesspower receiving unit450. For example, the PRU dynamic signal may include voltage information of a back end of the rectifier of the wirelesspower receiving unit450. The state of the wirelesspower receiving unit450 is called a boot state in operation S407.

The wirelesspower transmitting unit400 enters a power transmission mode in operation S416 and transmits a PRU control signal corresponding to a command signal to allow the wirelesspower receiving unit450 to be charged in operation S417. In the power transmission mode, the wirelesspower transmitting unit400 transmits charging power.

The PRU control signal transmitted by the wirelesspower transmitting unit400 includes information enabling/disabling the charging of the wirelesspower receiving unit450 and permission information. The PRU control signal is transmitted whenever a charging state is changed. The PRU control signal is transmitted, for example, every 250 ms, or transmitted when a parameter is changed. The PRU control signal is set to be transmitted within a preset threshold, for example, within one second even though the parameter is not changed.

The wirelesspower receiving unit450 changes a configuration according to the PRU control signal and transmits the PRU dynamic signal for reporting the state of the wirelesspower receiving unit450 in operations S418 and S419. The PRU dynamic signal transmitted by the wirelesspower receiving unit450 includes at least one of information on a voltage, a current, a state of the wireless power receiving unit, and temperature. The state of the wirelesspower receiving unit450 is called an ON state in operation S421.

For example, the PRU dynamic signal has a data structure as shown in Table 1 below.

TABLE 1-cont

Field	octets	description	use	units

optional	1	defines which optional	mandatory
fields		fields arepopulated
Vrect
	2	DC voltage at the	mandatory	mV
		output of therectifier
Irect
	2	DC current at the	mandatory	mA
		output of therectifier
Vout
	2	voltage at charge/	optional	mV
		battery port
Iout
	2	current at charge/	optional	mA
		battery port
temperature
	1	temperature of PRU	optional	Deg C.
				from −40° C.
Vrect min dyn	2	The current dynamic	optional	mV
		minimum rectifier
		voltage desired
Vrect setdyn	2	desired Vrect	optional	mV
		(dynamic value)
Vrecthigh dyn	2	The current dynamic	optional	mV
		maximum rectifier
		voltage desired
PRU alert	1	warnings	mandatory	Bit
				field
RFU	3	undefined

As shown in Table 1, the PRU dynamic signal includes one or more fields. The fields include optional field information, voltage information of a back end of the rectifier of the wireless power receiving unit (‘Vrect’), current information of the back end of the rectifier of the wireless power receiving unit (‘Irect’), voltage information of a back end of the DC/DC converter of the wireless power receiving unit (‘Vout’), current information of the back end of the DC/DC converter of the wireless power receiving unit (‘Iout’), temperature information (‘temperature’), minimum voltage value information of the back end of the rectifier of the wireless power receiving unit (‘Vrect min dyn’), optimal voltage value information of the back end of the rectifier of the wireless power receiving unit (‘Vrect set dyn’), maximum voltage value information of the back end of the rectifier of the wireless power receiving unit (‘Vrect high dyn’), alert information (‘PRU alert’) and RFU (Reserved for Future Use). The PRU dynamic signal includes at least one of the above fields.

For example, one or more voltage setting values (for example, the minimum voltage value information (Vrect min dyn) of the back end of the rectifier of the wireless power receiving unit, the optimal voltage value information (Vrect set dyn) of the back end of the rectifier of the wireless power receiving unit, and the maximum voltage value information (Vrect high dyn) of the back end of the rectifier of the wireless power receiving unit) determined according to a charging state is inserted into corresponding fields and then transmitted. As described above, the wireless power receiving unit having received the PRU dynamic signal controls a wireless charging voltage to be transmitted to each of the wireless power receiving units with reference to the voltage setting values included in the PRU dynamic signal.

For example, the alert information (PRU Alert) has a data structure shown in Table 2 below.

TABLE 2

7	6	5	4	3	2	1	0

over-	over-	over-	Charge	TA detect	Transition	restart	RFU
voltage	current	temperature	Complete			request

Further, the alert information (PRU Alert) has a data structure shown in Table 3 below.

TABLE 3

7	6	5	4	3	2	1	0

PRU	PRU	PRU	PRU	Charge	Wired	Mode	Mode
over-	over-	over-	Self	Complete	Charger	Transition	Transition
voltage	current	temperature	Protection		Detect	Bit 1	Bit 0

Referring to Table 3 above, the alert information includes over voltage, over current, over temperature, PRU self protection, charge compete, wired charger detect, mode transition and the like. When the over voltage field is set as “1”, it indicates that a voltage Vrect of the wireless power receiving unit exceeds a limit of the over voltage. Further, the over current and the over temperature may be set in the same way as the over voltage. The PRU self protection indicates that the wireless power receiving unit directly reduces a load of power and thus protects itself. In this event, the wireless power transmitting unit is not required to change a charging state.

Bits for a mode transition according to an embodiment of the present invention are set as a value informing the wireless power transmitting unit of a period during which a mode transition process is performed. The bits indicating the mode transition period are expressed as shown in Table 4 below.

TABLE 4

Value (Bit)	Mode Transition Bit Description

00	No Mode Transition
01	2 s Mode Transition time limit
10	3 s ModeTransition time limit
11	6 s Mode Transition time limit

Referring to Table 4 above, “00” indicates that there is no mode transition, “01” indicates that a time required for completing the mode transition is a maximum of two seconds, “10” indicates that a time required for completing the mode transition is a maximum of three seconds, and “11” indicates that a time required for completing the mode transition is a maximum of six seconds.

For example, when three seconds or less are spent for completing the mode transition, the mode transition bit is set as “10”. Prior to starting the mode transition process, the wireless power receiving unit may make a restriction such that there is no change in impedance during the mode transition process by changing an input impedance setting to match 1.1 W power draw. Accordingly, the wireless power transmitting unit controls power (ITX_COIL) for the wireless power receiving unit in accordance with the setting, and accordingly, maintain the power (ITX_COIL) for the wireless power receiving unit during the mode transition period.

Accordingly, when the mode transition period is set by the mode transition bit, the wireless power transmitting unit maintains the power (ITX_COIL) for the wireless power receiving unit during the mode transition time, for example, three seconds. That is, the wireless power transmitting unit maintains a connection even though a response is not received from the wireless power receiving unit for three seconds. However, after the mode transition time passes, the wireless power receiving unit is considered as a rogue object (foreign substance) and thus power transmission is terminated.

Meanwhile, the wirelesspower receiving unit450 detects the generation of errors. The wirelesspower receiving unit450 transmits an alert signal to the wirelesspower transmitting unit400 in operation S420. The alert signal is transmitted as the PRU dynamic signal or the alert signal. For example, the wirelesspower receiving unit450 transmits the PRU alert field of Table 3 reflecting an error state to the wirelesspower transmitting unit400. Alternatively, the wirelesspower receiving unit450 transmits a single alert signal indicating the error state to the wirelesspower transmitting unit400. When receiving the alert signal, the wirelesspower transmitting unit400 enters a latch fault mode in operation S422, and the wirelesspower receiving unit450 enters a null state in operation S423.

FIG.5 is a flowchart illustrating operations of the wireless power transmitting unit and the wireless power receiving unit according to another embodiment of the present invention. A control method ofFIG.5 will be described in more detail with reference toFIG.6.FIG.6 is a graph on an x axis of a power amount applied by the wireless power transmitting unit according toFIG.5.

As illustrated inFIG.5, the wireless power transmitting unit initiates the operation in operation S501. Further, the wireless power transmitting unit resets an initial configuration in operation S503. The wireless power transmitting unit enters a power saving mode in operation S505. The power saving mode corresponds to an interval where the wireless power transmitting unit applies power having different amounts to the power transmitter. For example, the power saving mode may correspond to an interval where the wireless power transmitting unit applies

second power

601 and602 and

third power

611,612,613,614, and615 to the power transmitter inFIG.6. The wireless power transmitting unit periodically applies the

second power

601 and602 according to a second period. When the wireless power transmitting unit applies the

second power

601 and602, the application continues for a second term. The wireless power transmitting unit periodically applies the

third power

611,612,613,614, and615 according to a third period. When the wireless power transmitting unit applies the

third power

611,612,613,614, and615, the application continues for a third term. Meanwhile, although it is illustrated that power values of the

third power

611,612,613,614, and615 are different from each other, the power values of the

third power

611,612,613,614, and615 may be different or the same.

The wireless power transmitting unit may output thethird power611 and then output thethird power612 having the same size of the power amount. As described above, when the wireless power transmitting unit outputs the third power having the same size, the power amount of the third power may have a power amount by which a smallest wireless power receiving unit, for example, a wireless power receiving unit designated asCategory 1 can be detected.

The wireless power transmitting unit may output thethird power611 and then output thethird power612 having a different size of the power amount. As described above, when the wireless power transmitting unit outputs the third power having the different size, the power amount of the third power may be a power amount by which a wireless power receiving unit designated asCategory 1 to Category 5 can be detected. For example, when thethird power611 may have a power amount by which a wireless power receiving unit of Category 5 can be detected, thethird power612 may have a power amount by which a wireless power receiving unit designated as Category 3 can be detected, and thethird power613 may have a power amount by which a wireless power receiving unit designated asCategory 1 can be detected.

Meanwhile, the

second power

601 and602 may be a power amount which can drive the wireless power receiving unit. More specifically, the

second power

601 and602 may have a power amount which can drive the controller and the communication unit of the wireless power receiving unit.

The wireless power transmitting unit applies the

second power

601 and602 and the

third power

611,612,613,614, and615 to the power receiver according to a second period and a third period, respectively. When the wireless power receiving unit is arranged on the wireless power transmitting unit, impedance viewed from a point of the wireless power transmitting unit may be changed. The wireless power transmitting unit detects a change in the impedance while the

second power

601 and602 and the

third power

611,612,613,614, and615 are applied. For example, the wireless power transmitting unit may detect the change in the impedance while thethird power615 is applied. Accordingly, referring back toFIG.5, the wireless power transmitting unit detects an object in operation S507. When the object is not detected in operation S507, the wireless power transmitting unit maintains a power saving mode in which different power is periodically applied.

When it is determined that the rogue object is not withdrawn in operation S515, the wireless power transmitting unit maintains the latch fault mode in operation S513. When it is determined that the rogue object is withdrawn in operation S515, the wireless power transmitting unit enters the power saving mode again in operation S517. For example, the wireless power transmitting unit applies

second power

651 and652 andthird power661 to665, as shown inFIG.6.

As described above, when the rogue object is arranged instead of the wireless power receiving unit, the wireless power transmitting unit enters the latch fault mode. Further, the wireless power transmitting unit determines whether to withdraw the rogue object by the impedance change based on the power applied in the latch fault mode. That is, a condition of the entrance into the latch fault mode in the embodiment ofFIGS.5 and6 may be the arrangement of the rogue object. Meanwhile, the wireless power transmitting unit may have various latch fault mode entrance conditions as well as the arrangement of the rogue object. For example, the wireless power transmitting unit may be cross-connected with the arranged wireless power receiving unit and may enter the latch fault mode in the above case.

Accordingly, when cross-connection is generated, the wireless power transmitting unit is required to return to an initial state and the wireless power receiving unit is required to be withdrawn. The wireless power transmitting unit sets the cross-connection by which the wireless power receiving unit arranged on another wireless power transmitting unit joins the wireless power network as the latch fault mode entrance condition. An operation of the wireless power transmitting unit when the error is generated which includes the cross-connection will be described with reference toFIG.7.

FIG.7 is a flowchart illustrating a control method of the wireless power transmitting unit according to an embodiment of the present invention. The control method ofFIG.7 will be described in more detail with reference toFIG.8.FIG.8 is a graph on an x axis of a power amount applied by the wireless power transmitting unit according to the embodiment ofFIG.7.

The wireless power transmitting unit initiates the operation in operation S701. Further, the wireless power transmitting unit resets an initial configuration in operation S703. The wireless power transmitting unit enters the power saving mode in operation S705. The power saving mode is an interval where the wireless power transmitting unit applies power having different amounts to the power transmitter. For example, the power saving mode may correspond to an interval where the wireless power transmitting unit applies

second power

801 and802 and

third power

811,812,813,814, and815 to the power transmitter inFIG.8. The wireless power transmitting unit periodically applies the

second power

801 and802 according to a second period. When the wireless power transmitting unit applies the

second power

801 and802, the application continues for a second term. The wireless power transmitting unit periodically applies the

third power

811,812,813,814, and815 according to a third period. When the wireless power transmitting unit applies the

third power

811,812,813,814, and815, the application continues for a third term. Meanwhile, although it is illustrated that power values of the

third power

811,812,813,814, and815 are different from each other, the power values of the

third power

811,812,813,814, and815 may be different or the same.

The

second power

801 and802 is power which can drive the wireless power receiving unit. More specifically, the

second power

601 and602 has a power amount which can drive the controller and the communication unit of the wireless power receiving unit.

The wireless power transmitting unit applies the

second power

801 and802 and the

third power

811,812,813,814, and815 to the power receiver according to a second period and a third period, respectively. When the wireless power receiving unit is arranged on the wireless power transmitting unit, impedance viewed from a point of the wireless power transmitting unit may be changed. The wireless power transmitting unit detects the impedance change while the

second power

801 and802 and the

third power

811,812,813,814, and815 are applied. For example, the wireless power transmitting unit may detect the impedance change while thethird power815 is applied. Accordingly, referring back toFIG.7, the wireless power transmitting unit detects an object in operation S707. When the object is not detected in operation S707, the wireless power transmitting unit maintains the power saving mode in which different power is periodically applied in operation S705.

Thereafter, the wireless power transmitting unit enters the power transmission mode in which charging power is transmitted in operation S711. For example, the wireless power transmitting unit applies chargingpower821 and the charging power is transmitted to the wireless power receiving unit as illustrated inFIG.8.

The wireless power transmitting unit determines whether an error is generated in the power transmission mode. The error may be the arrangement of a rogue object on the wireless power transmitting unit, the cross-connection, over voltage, over current, over temperature and the like. The wireless power transmitting unit includes a sensing unit that measures the over voltage, the over current, over temperature and the like. For example, the wireless power transmitting unit may measure a voltage or a current at a reference position. When the measured voltage or current is larger than a threshold, it is determined that conditions of the over voltage or the over current are satisfied. Alternatively, the wireless power transmitting unit includes a temperature sensing means which measures temperature at a reference position of the wireless power transmitting unit. When temperature at the reference position is larger than a threshold, the wireless power transmitting unit determines that a condition of the over temperature is satisfied.

When an over voltage, over current, or over temperature state is determined according to a measurement value of the temperature, voltage, or current, the wireless power transmitting unit prevents the over voltage, over current, or over temperature by reducing the wireless charging power by a preset value. At this time, when a voltage value of the reduced wireless charging power is less than a preset minimum value (for example, the minimum voltage value (VRECT MIN DYN) of the back end of the rectifier of the wireless power receiving unit), the wireless charging is interrupted or stopped, so that the voltage setting value is re-controlled according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Although it has been illustrated that the error is generated since the rogue object is additionally arranged on the wireless power transmitting unit in the embodiment ofFIG.8, the type of error is not limited thereto and it will be easily understood by those skilled in the art that the wireless power transmitting unit operates through a similar process with respect to the arrangement of the rogue object, the cross-connection, the over voltage, the over current, and the over temperatures.

When the error is not generated in operation S713, the wireless power transmitting unit maintains the power transmission mode in operation S711. Meanwhile, when the error is generated in operation S713, the wireless power transmitting unit enters the latch fault mode in operation S715. For example, the wireless power transmitting unit appliesfirst power831 to835 as illustrated inFIG.8. Further, the wireless power transmitting unit outputs an error generation display including at least one of a lamp and a warning sound during the latch fault mode. When it is determined that the1 rogue object is not withdrawn in operation S717, the wireless power transmitting unit maintains the latch fault mode in operation S715. Meanwhile, when it is determined that the rogue object is withdrawn in operation S717, the wireless power transmitting unit enters the power saving mode again in operation S719. For example, the wireless power transmitting unit applies

second power

851 and852 andthird power861 to865 ofFIG.8.

In the above description, the operation in a case where the error is generated while the wireless power transmitting unit transmits the charging power has been discussed. Hereinafter, an operation in a case where a plurality of wireless power receiving units on the wireless power transmitting unit receives charging power will be described.

FIG.9 is a flowchart for describing a control method of a wireless power transmitting unit according to an embodiment of the present. The control method ofFIG.9 will be described in more detail with reference toFIG.10.FIG.10 is a graph on an x axis of an amount of power applied by a wireless power transmitting unit according to the embodiment ofFIG.9.

As illustrated inFIG.9, the wireless power transmitting unit transmits charging power to a first wireless power receiving unit in operation S901. Further, the wireless power transmitting unit allows a second wireless power receiving unit to additionally join the wireless power network in operation S903. The wireless power transmitting unit transmits charging power to the second wireless power receiving unit in operation S905. More specifically, the wireless power transmitting unit applies a sum of the charging power required by the first wireless power receiving unit and the second wireless power receiving unit to the power receiver.

FIG.10 illustrates an embodiment of operations S901 to S905. For example, the wireless power transmitting unit maintains the power saving mode in which

second power

1001 and1002 andthird power1011 to1015 are applied. Thereafter, the wireless power transmitting unit detects the first wireless power receiving unit and enters the low power mode in which adetection power1020 applied to the first wireless power receiving unit to detect is maintained. Next, the wireless power transmitting unit enters the power transmission mode in whichfirst charging power1030 is applied. The wireless power transmitting unit detects the second wireless power receiving unit and allows the second wireless power receiving unit to join the wireless power network. Further, the wireless power transmitting unit appliessecond charging power1040 having a power amount corresponding to a sum of power amounts required by the first wireless power receiving unit and the second wireless power receiving unit.

Referring back toFIG.9, the wireless power transmitting unit detects error generation in operation S907 while charging power is transmitted to both the first and second wireless power receiving units in operation S905. As described above, the error may be the arrangement of the rogue object, the cross-connection, the over voltage, the over current, the over temperature and the like. When the error is not generated in operation S907, the wireless power transmitting unit maintains the application of thesecond charging power1040.

When the error is generated in operation, the wireless power transmitting unit enters the latch fault mode in operation S909. For example, the wireless power transmitting unit appliesfirst power1051 to1055 according to a first period inFIG.10. The wireless power transmitting unit determines whether both the first wireless power receiving unit and the second wireless power receiving unit are withdrawn in operation S911. For example, the wireless power transmitting unit may detect an impedance change while applying thefirst power1051 to1055. The wireless power transmitting unit determines whether both the first wireless power receiving unit and the second wireless power receiving unit are withdrawn based on whether the impedance is returned to an initial value.

When it is determined that both the first wireless power receiving unit and the second wireless power receiving unit are withdrawn in operation S911, the wireless power receiving unit enters the power saving mode in operation S913. For example, the wireless power transmitting unit applies

second power

1061 and1062 andthird power1071 to1075 according to a second period and a third period, respectively.

As described above, even when the wireless power transmitting unit applies charging power to at least one wireless power receiving unit, the wireless power transmitting unit determines whether the wireless power receiving unit or the rogue object is easily withdrawn when the error is generated.

FIG.11 is a block diagram of a wireless power transmitting unit and a wireless power receiving unit in a Stand Alone (SA) mode according to an embodiment of the present invention.

A wirelesspower transmitting unit1100 includes acommunication unit1110, a Power Amplifier (PA)1120, and aresonator1130. A wirelesspower receiving unit1150 includes a communication unit (WPT Communication IC)1151, an Application Processor (AP)1152, a Power Management Integrated Circuit (PMIC)1153, a Wireless Power Integrated Circuit (WPIC)1154, aresonator1155, an InterFace Power Management (IFPM)IC1157, a Travel Adapter (TA)1158, and abattery1159.

Thecommunication unit1110 may be implemented by WiFi/BlueTooth (BT) Combo IC and communicates with thecommunication unit1151 in a predetermined scheme, for example, a BLE scheme. For example, thecommunication unit1151 of the wirelesspower receiving unit1150 transmits a PRU dynamic signal having the data structure as shown in Table 3 to thecommunication unit1110 of the wirelesspower transmitting unit1100. As described above, the PRU dynamic signal includes at least one of voltage information, current information, temperature information, and alert information of the wirelesspower receiving unit1150.

Based on the received PRU dynamic signal, a power value output from thepower amplifier1120 is adjusted. For example, when the over voltage, the over current, and the over temperature are applied to the wirelesspower receiving unit1150, a power value output from thepower amplifier1120 is reduced. Further, when a voltage or current of the wirelesspower receiving unit1150 is less than a preset value, a power value output from thepower amplifier1120 is increased.

Charging power from theresonator1130 is wirelessly transmitted to theresonator1155.

TheWPIC1154 rectifies the charging power received from theresonator1155 and performs DC/DC conversion. TheWPIC1154 drives thecommunication unit1151 or charges thebattery1159 by using the converted power.

A wired charging terminal is inserted into thetravel adapter1158. A wired charging terminal such as 30-pin connector or a Universal Serial Bus (USB) connector is inserted into thetravel adapter1158, and thetravel adapter1158 receives power supplied from an external power source to charge thebattery1159.

TheIFPM1157 processes power applied from the wired charging terminal and outputs the processed power to thebattery1159 and thePMIC1153.

ThePMIC1153 manages wirelessly received power, power received through a wire, and power applied to each of the components of the wirelesspower receiving unit1150. TheAP1152 receives power information from thePMIC1153 and controls thecommunication unit1151 to transmit the PRU dynamic signal for reporting the power information.

Thetravel adapter1158 is connected to anode1156 connected to theWPIC1154. When the wired charging connector is inserted into thetravel adapter1158, a preset voltage, for example, 5 V may be applied to thenode1156. TheWPIC1154 monitors the voltage applied to thenode1156 to determine whether the travel adapter is inserted.

TheAP1152 has a stack in a predetermined communication scheme, for example, a WiFi/BT/BLE stack. Accordingly, in communication for the wireless charging, thecommunication unit1151 loads the stack from theAP1152 and then communicates with thecommunication unit1110 of the wirelesspower transmitting unit1100 by using a BT or BLE communication scheme based on the stack.

However, a state may occur in which data for performing wireless power transmission cannot be fetched from theAP1152 since theAP1152 is turned off or in which power is lost so that theAP1152 cannot remain in an ON state while the data is fetched from a memory within theAP1152.

When a residual capacity of thebattery1159 is less than a minimum power threshold, theAP1152 is turned off, and the wireless charging can be performed using some components for the wireless charging within the wireless power receiving unit, for example, thecommunication unit1151, theWPIC1154, and theresonator1155. A state where theAP1152 cannot be turned on is referred to as a dead battery state.

Since theAP1152 is not driven in the dead battery state, thecommunication unit1151 cannot receive a stack in a predetermined communication scheme, for example, a WiFi/BT/BLE stack from theAP1152. For such a case, some of the stacks in the predetermined communication scheme, for example, the BLE stack, are fetched within the memory1162 of thecommunication unit1151 from theAP1152 and stored in the memory1162. Accordingly, thecommunication unit1151 communicates with the wirelesspower transmitting unit1100 for the wireless charging by using the stack in the communication scheme stored in the memory1162, that is, a wireless charging protocol. At this time, thecommunication unit1151 includes a memory therewithin, and the BLE stack may be stored in a memory in a form of a ROM in the SA mode.

As described above, a mode in which thecommunication unit1151 performs the communication by using the stack of the communication scheme stored in the memory1162 is referred to as the SA mode. Accordingly, thecommunication unit1151 manages a charging process based on the BLE stack.

FIGS.12 and13 illustrate impedance in a case where no wireless power receiving unit is put on a wireless power transmitting unit, andFIGS.14 and15 illustrate impedance in a case where a wireless power receiving unit is put on a wireless power transmitting unit.

Referring toFIGS.12 to15, a difference between the impedance that is detected when no PRU is put on a PTU and the impedance that is detected when a PRU is put on the PTU should be large, in order for the PTU to more efficiently detect a load variation of the PRU. For example, the PTU may hardly detect a load if a change in power due to a load variation is insignificant even though a resistance varies. In addition, a point at which there is no change in reactance may exist on the PTU.

Therefore, in the below-described embodiments of the present invention, a dummy load is added to a PRU as illustrated inFIGS.16 and17, and a PTU efficiently detects the PRU by an operation of a dummy load switch capable of turning on/off the connection to the added dummy load.

FIG.16 is a circuit diagram of a wireless power receiving unit to which a dummy load is added according to an embodiment of the present invention, andFIG.17 is a circuit diagram of a wireless power receiving unit to which a dummy load is added according to another embodiment of the present invention.

In order to keep a big difference in impedance between a case where no PRU is put on a PTU and another case where a PRU is put on the PTU as in the Smith charts inFIGS.13 and15, a dummy load is additionally connected to the circuit of the PRU as illustrated inFIGS.16 and17.

Referring toFIG.16, the wireless power receiving unit includes aresonator1601,rectifier1602, a DC/DC convertor1603, a controller (or Micro Control Unit (MCU)1604, and the like. The wireless power transmitted by a wireless power transmitting unit is delivered to the wireless power receiving unit through theresonator1601, therectifier1602 and the DC/DC converter1603, and if aload switch1609 is in an ON state, power is supplied to aload1610.

As illustrated, in the circuit, dummy loads1605 and1607 are connected in parallel between theresonator1601 and therectifier1602.

Dummy load switches

1606 and1608 capable of shorting or opening (e.g., turning on/off) the connection of their associated dummy loads1605 and1607 are further provided to connection terminals of the dummy loads1605 and1607. The

dummy load switches

1606 and1608 are turned on/off by a control signal from thecontroller1604.

Therefore, in various wireless charging circumstances, thecontroller1604 generates a desired load variation by switching the

dummy load switches

1606 and1608 to an ON or OFF state.

For example, if the

dummy load switches

1606 and1608 are in the ON state under control of thecontroller1604, the dummy loads1605 and1607 are additionally added to the circuit of the wireless power receiving unit, and the wireless power transmitting unit detects a load by detecting a variation in the load of the wireless power receiving unit.

Referring toFIG.16, capacitors as AC dummy loads serves as the dummy loads1605 and1607. Values (e.g., AC dummy load values) of the AC dummy loads1605 and1607 may be, for example, 1 nF˜2.2 nF at a frequency of 6.78 MHz.

Referring toFIG.17, the wireless power receiving unit includes aresonator1701, arectifier1702, a DC/DC convertor1703, a controller (or Micro Control Unit (MCU))1704, and the like. As inFIG.16, the wireless power transmitted by a wireless power transmitting unit is delivered to the wireless power receiving unit through theresonator1701, therectifier1702 and the DC/DC converter1703, and if aload switch1707 is in the ON state, power is supplied to aload1708.

As illustrated, in the circuit, adummy load1705 is connected in parallel between therectifier1702 and the DC/DC converter1703. Adummy load switch1706 capable of shorting or opening (e.g., turning on/off) the connection of thedummy load1705 is further provided to a connection terminal of thedummy load1705. Thedummy load switch1706 is turned on/off by a control signal from thecontroller1704.

Therefore, in various wireless charging circumstances, thecontroller1704 generates a desired load variation by switching thedummy load switch1706 to the ON or OFF state.

For example, if thedummy load switch1706 is in the ON state under control of thecontroller1704, thedummy load1705 is additionally added to the circuit of the wireless power receiving unit, and the wireless power transmitting unit detects a load by detecting a variation in the load of the wireless power receiving unit.

Referring toFIG.17, a resistor as a DC dummy load serves as thedummy load1705. A value (e.g., DC dummy load value) of theDC dummy load1705 may be, for example, 70 Ohms at a frequency of 6.78 MHz.

As for the dummy loads, if power is applied to the PRU, the dummy load circuit is opened by switching the dummy load switches to the OFF state, so the dummy loads are not detected by the PTU. In other words, the dummy loads do not affect the impedance measured by the PTU.

The dummy load switches may be situated in at least one of the AC dummy load circuit (FIG.16) and the DC dummy load circuit (FIG.17) as illustrated inFIGS.16 and17. In accordance with various embodiments of the present invention, if power is applied to the PRU, the dummy load switches are opened. Otherwise, the dummy load switches are opened by a control signal from the MCU, after the MCU is turned on as the power is applied to the PRU.

The DC dummy load switch is designed to keep the short state if no power is applied to the PRU. If power is applied to the PRU for a short period of time by a beacon transmitted by the PTU, the dummy load switch is switched from the short state to the open state, allowing the PTU to detect a large load variation.

Reference will now be made toFIGS.18 to25, to describe examples of detecting a load variation using a dummy load according to various embodiments of the present invention.

FIG.18 is a flow diagram illustrating a procedure for detecting a load variation according to a first embodiment of the present invention. Referring toFIG.18, upon receiving power from a PTU inoperation1803 while a dummy load switch is in the ON state inoperation1801, a dummy load circuit added to a PRU switches the dummy load switch to the OFF state inoperation1805. The power transmitted from the PTU is a short beacon signal.

If the dummy load switch is switched to the OFF state, the PTU performs a procedure for charging wireless power, by detecting a load variation of the PRU inoperation1807. For example, the PTU performs the wireless power charging procedure with the PRU, by transmitting a long beacon to the PRU inoperation1809.

FIG.19 is a graph illustrating an example of detecting a load variation according to the first embodiment of the present invention. Referring toFIG.19, a PTU monitors a variation in load by periodically generating power for a short period of time. For example, the PTU detects a load variation by transmitting a short beacon signal.

If the user puts a PRU on the PTU as illustrated inFIG.14, or puts the PRU in close proximity to a field of the PTU, the dummy load switch added to the PRU is switched from the short state (e.g., 30 to 70 Ohms) to the open state (e.g., 100 Ohms) according to an embodiment of the present invention, generating a variation in load.

In accordance with various embodiments of the present invention, if a PRU is put on a PTU while the PTU exists alone, the PTU detects a load given when the dummy load switch is in the short state, before power is sufficiently applied to the PRU, and the PTU detects a load variation at the moment the dummy load switch is switched from the short state to the open state as power is applied to the PRU.

As illustrated inFIG.19, upon detecting a variation in load, the PTU drives the controller (e.g., MCU) by applying move power to the PRU. For example, the PTU drives the controller of the PRU by transmitting a long beacon signal.

Thereafter, communication between a PTU and a PRU is attempted, and it is determined whether an authenticated device is put on the PTU, for charging. If the authentication is completed, charging begins.

FIGS.20 and21 illustrate an example of detecting a load variation according to a second embodiment of the present invention, andFIGS.22 and23 illustrate an example of detecting a load variation according to a third embodiment of the present invention. The second and third embodiments of the present invention correspond to methods of controlling the dummy load switch after the controller (e.g., MCU) is turned on (or driven).

Referring toFIG.20, upon receiving power from a PTU inoperation2003 while the dummy load switch is in the ON state inoperation2001, a dummy load circuit added to a PRU turns on power of the controller according to the second embodiment of the present invention inoperation2005.

The controller is driven as the power of the controller is turned on, and the controller varies a load of the PRU by switching the dummy load switch to the OFF state inoperation2007.

If the dummy load switch is switched to the OFF state, the PTU performs a procedure for charging wireless power, by detecting a load variation of the PRU. Thereafter, the PRU performs the wireless power charging procedure with the PTU by transmitting a message (e.g., advertisement message) to the PTU inoperation2009.

FIG.21 illustrates a method of controlling a dummy load switch after the MCU is turned on according to the second embodiment of the present invention, as described in conjunction withFIG.20. In this method, after the MCU is turned on, the MCU generates a variation in load by generating a control signal for opening the dummy load switch. Next, the PRU transmits a message (e.g., advertisement message) to the PTU.

The third embodiment illustrated inFIGS.22 and23 corresponds to another method of controlling the dummy load switch after the MCU is turned on. In this method, after the MCU is turned on, the PRU transmits a message (e.g., advertisement message) to the PTU, and opens the dummy load switch after the message is transmitted, thereby generating a variation in load. Using the information included in the message that the PRU has transmitted, the PTU determines whether the PRU is a PRU capable of generating a load variation.

Referring toFIG.22, upon receiving power from a PTU inoperation2203 while a dummy load switch is in the ON state inoperation2201, a dummy load circuit added to a PRU turns on power of the controller according to the third embodiment of the present invention inoperation2205.

The controller is driven as the power of the controller is turned on, and the PRU performs the wireless power charging procedure with the PTU by transmitting a message (e.g., advertisement message) to the PTU inoperation2207.

Thereafter, the controller varies a load of the PRU by switching the dummy load switch to the OFF state inoperation2009.

If the dummy load switch is switched to the OFF state, the PTU performs the procedure for charging wireless power, by detecting a load variation of the PRU.

FIG.23 illustrates a method of controlling a dummy load switch after the MCU is turned on according to the third embodiment of the present invention, as described in conjunction withFIG.22. In this method, after the MCU is turned on, the PRU transmits a message (e.g., advertisement message) to the PTU. After transmitting the message, the controller of the PRU generates a variation in load by generating a control signal for opening the dummy load switch. The PTU performs the procedure for charging wireless power by detecting the load variation of the PRU, which is caused by the switching of the dummy load switch of the PRU.

FIG.24 is a flow diagram illustrating a procedure for detecting a load variation according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention, andFIG.25 is a graph illustrating an example of detecting a load variation according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.

Referring toFIG.24, upon occurrence of a circumstance inoperation2401, in which cross connection should be checked for a PTU and a PRU, the PTU transmits a time set value to the PRU inoperation2403.

Upon receiving the time set value from the PTU, the PRU generates a load variation depending on the received time set value. The PRU generates a load variation of the PRU by switching the dummy load switch to the ON or OFF state as described above, inoperation2405.

The PTU detects the load variation of the PRU, which is caused by the switching of the dummy load switch of the PRU, inoperation2407, and determine inoperation2409 whether the PRU is cross-connected.

Referring toFIG.25, a load variation for prevention of cross connection is detected during the low power mode.

For example, while a PRU receives power transmitted from a first PTU on which the PRU is actually put, the PRU communicates with a second PTU, or vice versa. This is called cross connection.

If cross connection occurs, the system may be unstable. Therefore, in order to determine whether a PTU and a PRU are cross-connected, the PTU, as described above, provides a time set value T to the PRU and determines based thereon whether cross connection has occurred. In other words, if the PRU that has received the time set value T generates a variation in load for the time T, the PTU monitors the variation in load to determine whether the value T that the PTU has sent to the PRU is coincident with the period for which the variation in load has occurred, thereby making it possible to determine whether cross connection has occurred.

In order to generate a load variation, the MCU of the PRU performs the above-described operation of turning on/off (e.g., shorting or opening) the dummy load switch, thereby making it possible to artificially generate a variation in load.

In addition, the switching operation of turning on/off the dummy load switch may be repeatedly performed as illustrated inFIG.25, allowing the PTU to recognize the switching of the dummy load switch.

As is apparent from the foregoing description, an aspect of the present invention provides a method for generating a load variation used for detecting a wireless power receiving unit in a wireless charging network.

In other words, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, a dummy load is added to a wireless power receiving unit (or PRU), allowing a wireless power transmitting unit (or PTU) to detect a load depending on a change in impedance, making it possible for the PTU to detect a large change impedance.

While the present invention has been shown and described with reference to certain embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.