USRE38186E1 - Method and apparatus for detecting microorganisms - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for detecting microorganismsDownload PDFInfo
- Publication number
- USRE38186E1 USRE38186E1US09/665,182US66518200AUSRE38186EUS RE38186 E1USRE38186 E1US RE38186E1US 66518200 AUS66518200 AUS 66518200AUS RE38186 EUSRE38186 EUS RE38186E
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- microorganism
- sensors
- gas
- response
- library
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000000034methodMethods0.000titleclaimsabstractdescription71
- 244000005700microbiomeSpecies0.000titleclaimsabstractdescription63
- 239000007789gasSubstances0.000claimsabstractdescription76
- 238000001514detection methodMethods0.000claimsabstractdescription22
- 241000894006BacteriaSpecies0.000claimsdescription38
- 239000000523sampleSubstances0.000claimsdescription15
- 230000001537neural effectEffects0.000claimsdescription14
- 239000002322conducting polymerSubstances0.000claimsdescription13
- 229920001940conductive polymerPolymers0.000claimsdescription13
- 238000010926purgeMethods0.000claimsdescription13
- 239000012159carrier gasSubstances0.000claimsdescription11
- 238000007621cluster analysisMethods0.000claimsdescription9
- 238000013507mappingMethods0.000claimsdescription8
- 241000894007speciesSpecies0.000claimsdescription7
- 239000001963growth mediumSubstances0.000claimsdescription6
- 238000005070samplingMethods0.000claimsdescription5
- 230000001580bacterial effectEffects0.000claimsdescription4
- 241000588724Escherichia coliSpecies0.000description3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-NAtomic nitrogenChemical compoundN#NIJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N0.000description2
- 230000002503metabolic effectEffects0.000description2
- 235000015097nutrientsNutrition0.000description2
- 230000003287optical effectEffects0.000description2
- 230000035945sensitivityEffects0.000description2
- XMTQQYYKAHVGBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N3-(3,4-DICHLOROPHENYL)-1,1-DIMETHYLUREAChemical compoundCN(C)C(=O)NC1=CC=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C1XMTQQYYKAHVGBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N0.000description1
- 102000053187GlucuronidaseHuman genes0.000description1
- 108010060309GlucuronidaseProteins0.000description1
- 238000003776cleavage reactionMethods0.000description1
- 239000005293duranSubstances0.000description1
- 238000005516engineering processMethods0.000description1
- 238000011067equilibrationMethods0.000description1
- 239000011521glassSubstances0.000description1
- 229930182480glucuronideNatural products0.000description1
- 150000008134glucuronidesChemical class0.000description1
- 238000011534incubationMethods0.000description1
- 238000012544monitoring processMethods0.000description1
- 229910052757nitrogenInorganic materials0.000description1
- 229920000620organic polymerPolymers0.000description1
- 238000005086pumpingMethods0.000description1
- 230000007017scissionEffects0.000description1
- 238000000926separation methodMethods0.000description1
- 238000001228spectrumMethods0.000description1
- 239000000126substanceSubstances0.000description1
Images
Classifications
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
- C12Q1/02—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving viable microorganisms
- C12Q1/04—Determining presence or kind of microorganism; Use of selective media for testing antibiotics or bacteriocides; Compositions containing a chemical indicator therefor
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q2304/00—Chemical means of detecting microorganisms
- C12Q2304/40—Detection of gases
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S435/00—Chemistry: molecular biology and microbiology
- Y10S435/807—Gas detection apparatus
Definitions
- This inventionrelates to detecting bacteria.
- Bacteriaare identified in a variety of ways. Many have characteristic forms which can be seen under microscopic examination, but some are identified, when colonised on a growth medium, by a characteristic colour and in some cases this is confirmed by smell. Not all bacteria have any appreciable odour, but many have a characteristic associated gas or vapour due to their inherent metabolic activities.
- Patent Abstracts of Japan, application number JP-A-60130398,discloses a detector for detecting the presence of microorganisms on the basis of evolved gases.
- WO 94/04705discloses a method of detecting E. Coli by monitoring a gaseous product, this gaseous product being produced by cleavage of a glucuronide conjugate by ⁇ -glucuronidase produced by a certain bacterial species.
- GB-A-2176901describes gas sensors based on the use of semi-conducting organic polymers, whilst U.S. Pat. No. 4,456,380 discloses an optical bacteria identification system using a plurality of optical filters.
- the inventioncomprises a method for identifying bacteria comprising detecting gas or vapour associated with the metabolic activity of the bacteria and differentiating such gas or vapour from gas or vapour associated with other bacteria.
- the methodmay comprise abstracting gas or vapour from a detection region and flowing the same over an array of sensors of which an electrical property varies according to exposure to gases or vapours and observing the response of the sensors.
- the sensorsmay comprise semi-conducting polymers the resistance or impedance of which varies according to exposure to gases or vapours.
- the response of the sensorsmay be compared against a library of responses to known bacteria, or the response may be input to a neural net trained against known bacteria.
- the detection regionmay comprise an enclosed space above a Petri dish or like laboratory culture dish.
- the array of sensorsmay first be purged using a purging gas.
- the inventionalso comprises apparatus for detecting bacteria comprising detector means for detecting a gas or vapour associated with the bacteria.
- Said detector meansmay comprise an array of sensors of which an electrical property varies according to exposure to gases or vapours.
- the sensorsmay comprise semi-conducting polymers the resistance or impedance of which varies according to exposure to gases or vapours.
- the apparatusmay comprise a store for a library of responses to known bacteria and comparison means operable automatically to compare a given response against the library.
- the apparatusmay also comprise a neural net the input to which comprises the array of sensors and which is trained against known bacteria.
- the apparatusmay comprise a probe for sampling a detection region by abstracting gas or vapour from said region to be passed to said detector means.
- Said probemay comprise a cover for enclosing a Petri or like laboratory culture dish or an area of growth medium thereon.
- Said probemay comprise a carrier gas feed and return and the apparatus may comprise a source of carrier gas.
- FIG. 1is a diagrammatic illustration of a first embodiment
- FIG. 2is a diagrammatic illustration of a second embodiment
- FIG. 3is a diagrammatic illustration of an arrangement for detecting bacteria on a culture dish
- FIG. 4is a diagrammatic illustration of an arrangement for detecting bacteria in a nutrient broth.
- FIG. 5is a cluster analysis of vapour associated with three species of bacteria.
- the drawingsillustrate methods and apparatus for detecting bacteria comprising detecting gas or vapour associated with the bacteria, and, further, methods for identifying bacteria by differentiating such gas or vapour from gas or vapour associated with other bacteria.
- FIGS. 3 and 4illustrate abstracting gas or vapour from a detection region 11 and flowing the same over an array 12 of sensors 13 of which an electrical property varies according to exposure to gases or vapours and observing the response of the sensors 13 .
- the sensors 13comprise semi-conducting polymers the resistance or impedance of which varies according to exposure to gases or vapours.
- An array 12 of twenty sensorshas been employed to distinguish the vapours associated with the bacteria Straphylococcus aureus, Eschericia coli and Group A beta-haemolytic streptococci.
- Each bacteria isolatewas cultured overnight in nutrient broth 40 in a glass Duran bottle 42 with a GL- 45 screw cap. After overnight incubation at 37° C. the cap was changed for a cap 44 with inlet and outlet ports. After a period of equilibration at 37° C. the headspace vapour above the broth 40 was analysed by pumping same across the 20 sensor array 12 at a flow rate of ⁇ 150 ml min ⁇ 1 .
- FIG. 5shows the results of this analysis, indicating that excellent separation is achieved between the clusters 50 , 52 , 54 associated with Straphylococcus aureus, Eschericia coli and Group A beta-haemolytic streptococci respectively.
- FIG. 1illustrates comparing the response of the sensors 13 against a library 14 of responses to known bacteria.
- FIG. 2illustrates inputting the response to a neural net 15 trained against known bacteria.
- FIG. 3illustrates a further sampling arrangement wherein the detection region 11 comprises an enclosed space above a Petri dish 16 or like laboratory culture dish.
- a probe 17comprises a cover for enclosing an area of bacterial growth 18 on a growth medium 19 in the dish 16 .
- the probe 17comprises a carrier gas feed 21 feeding a carrier gas such for example as purified air or nitrogen.
- a carrier gassuch for example as purified air or nitrogen.
- the array 12 of sensors 13Prior to taking gas or vapour from a sample in, say, a Petri dish, the array 12 of sensors 13 is first purged of any residual substances from a previous sensing operation by directing over the sensors 13 a stream of purging gas, which, in this instance, is the same as the carrier gas.
- the gasis supplied from a pressure bottle 22 .
- the sensors 13can be selected for sensitivity to a broad spectrum of gases or vapours associated with bacteria and the apparatus may also be arranged to indicate concentration by measuring the level of response. A broader spectrum and a greater sensitivity will be obtained from a given array size by using a.c. technology as taught in EP-B-0 286 307 than by simply measuring d.c. resistance.
- the methodmay be applied to the detection of microfungi.
- Gases or vapours associated with growing bacteria or microfungimay well be different from gases or vapours associated with the same organism in growth-arrest stage or when it has been weakened or killed.
- the librarymay contain data on the gases or vapours associated with microorganisms in all possible states, or the neural net trained to recognise them, so the apparatus may also identify the state as well as the microorganism.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Measuring Or Testing Involving Enzymes Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Apparatus Associated With Microorganisms And Enzymes (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Electric Means (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Fluid Adsorption Or Reactions (AREA)
Abstract
Description
This invention relates to detecting bacteria.
Bacteria are identified in a variety of ways. Many have characteristic forms which can be seen under microscopic examination, but some are identified, when colonised on a growth medium, by a characteristic colour and in some cases this is confirmed by smell. Not all bacteria have any appreciable odour, but many have a characteristic associated gas or vapour due to their inherent metabolic activities.
Patent Abstracts of Japan, application number JP-A-60130398, discloses a detector for detecting the presence of microorganisms on the basis of evolved gases. WO 94/04705 discloses a method of detecting E. Coli by monitoring a gaseous product, this gaseous product being produced by cleavage of a glucuronide conjugate by β-glucuronidase produced by a certain bacterial species. GB-A-2176901 describes gas sensors based on the use of semi-conducting organic polymers, whilst U.S. Pat. No. 4,456,380 discloses an optical bacteria identification system using a plurality of optical filters.
The invention comprises a method for identifying bacteria comprising detecting gas or vapour associated with the metabolic activity of the bacteria and differentiating such gas or vapour from gas or vapour associated with other bacteria.
The method may comprise abstracting gas or vapour from a detection region and flowing the same over an array of sensors of which an electrical property varies according to exposure to gases or vapours and observing the response of the sensors.
The sensors may comprise semi-conducting polymers the resistance or impedance of which varies according to exposure to gases or vapours.
The response of the sensors may be compared against a library of responses to known bacteria, or the response may be input to a neural net trained against known bacteria.
The detection region may comprise an enclosed space above a Petri dish or like laboratory culture dish.
The array of sensors may first be purged using a purging gas.
The invention also comprises apparatus for detecting bacteria comprising detector means for detecting a gas or vapour associated with the bacteria.
Said detector means may comprise an array of sensors of which an electrical property varies according to exposure to gases or vapours. The sensors may comprise semi-conducting polymers the resistance or impedance of which varies according to exposure to gases or vapours.
The apparatus may comprise a store for a library of responses to known bacteria and comparison means operable automatically to compare a given response against the library. The apparatus may also comprise a neural net the input to which comprises the array of sensors and which is trained against known bacteria.
The apparatus may comprise a probe for sampling a detection region by abstracting gas or vapour from said region to be passed to said detector means. Said probe may comprise a cover for enclosing a Petri or like laboratory culture dish or an area of growth medium thereon.
Said probe may comprise a carrier gas feed and return and the apparatus may comprise a source of carrier gas.
Embodiments of apparatus and methods for detecting bacteria according to the invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic illustration of a first embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic illustration of a second embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic illustration of an arrangement for detecting bacteria on a culture dish;
FIG. 4 is a diagrammatic illustration of an arrangement for detecting bacteria in a nutrient broth; and
FIG. 5 is a cluster analysis of vapour associated with three species of bacteria.
The drawings illustrate methods and apparatus for detecting bacteria comprising detecting gas or vapour associated with the bacteria, and, further, methods for identifying bacteria by differentiating such gas or vapour from gas or vapour associated with other bacteria.
FIGS. 3 and 4 illustrate abstracting gas or vapour from adetection region 11 and flowing the same over anarray 12 ofsensors 13 of which an electrical property varies according to exposure to gases or vapours and observing the response of thesensors 13.
Thesensors 13 comprise semi-conducting polymers the resistance or impedance of which varies according to exposure to gases or vapours.
Anarray 12 of twenty sensors has been employed to distinguish the vapours associated with the bacteria Straphylococcus aureus, Eschericia coli and Group A beta-haemolytic streptococci.
Eight epidermiologically unrelated patient isolates of each species were recovered from frozen storage. Each bacteria isolate was cultured overnight innutrient broth 40 in a glass Duranbottle 42 with a GL-45 screw cap. After overnight incubation at 37° C. the cap was changed for acap 44 with inlet and outlet ports. After a period of equilibration at 37° C. the headspace vapour above thebroth 40 was analysed by pumping same across the20sensor array 12 at a flow rate of ˜150 ml min−1.
The outputs of thesensors 13 were analysed by computing means46 employing the non-linear cluster analysis mapping technique of Sammon (Sammon Jr., J. W., IEEE Trans. on computers, Vol. C-18, No. 5, May 1969, pp 401-409). FIG. 5 shows the results of this analysis, indicating that excellent separation is achieved between theclusters
FIG. 1 illustrates comparing the response of thesensors 13 against alibrary 14 of responses to known bacteria. FIG. 2 illustrates inputting the response to aneural net 15 trained against known bacteria.
FIG. 3 illustrates a further sampling arrangement wherein thedetection region 11 comprises an enclosed space above aPetri dish 16 or like laboratory culture dish. Aprobe 17 comprises a cover for enclosing an area ofbacterial growth 18 on agrowth medium 19 in thedish 16.
Theprobe 17 comprises acarrier gas feed 21 feeding a carrier gas such for example as purified air or nitrogen. Prior to taking gas or vapour from a sample in, say, a Petri dish, thearray 12 ofsensors 13 is first purged of any residual substances from a previous sensing operation by directing over the sensors13 a stream of purging gas, which, in this instance, is the same as the carrier gas. The gas is supplied from a pressure bottle22.
Thesensors 13 can be selected for sensitivity to a broad spectrum of gases or vapours associated with bacteria and the apparatus may also be arranged to indicate concentration by measuring the level of response. A broader spectrum and a greater sensitivity will be obtained from a given array size by using a.c. technology as taught in EP-B-0 286 307 than by simply measuring d.c. resistance.
In addition to bacteria, the method may be applied to the detection of microfungi.
It may be important to specify the state of the microorganism when making an observation. Gases or vapours associated with growing bacteria or microfungi may well be different from gases or vapours associated with the same organism in growth-arrest stage or when it has been weakened or killed.
However, the library may contain data on the gases or vapours associated with microorganisms in all possible states, or the neural net trained to recognise them, so the apparatus may also identify the state as well as the microorganism.
Claims (86)
1. A method for identifying a microorganism, comprising abstracting gas or vapor associated with the microorganism from a detection region and flowing the same over an array of sensors of which an electrical property varies according to exposure to gases or vapors and observing the response of the sensors.
2. The method according toclaim 1 , in which the sensors comprise semi-conducting polymers, the resistance or impedance of which varies according to exposure to gases or vapors.
3. The method according toclaim 1 orclaim 2 , comprising comparing the response of the sensors against a library of responses to known microorganisms.
4. The method according toclaim 1 orclaim 2 , comprising inputting the response to a neural net trained against known microorganisms.
5. The method according toclaim 1 orclaim 2 , comprising performing a cluster analysis mapping of the sensor outputs.
6. The method according to claims1 or2, in which the detection region comprises an enclosed space above a Petri dish or other laboratory culture dish.
7. The method according to claims1 or2, in which the array of sensors is first purged using a purging gas.
8. An apparatus for detecting a microorganism or the state of a microorganism, comprising:
a detector means for detecting a gas or vapor associated with the microorganism, said detector means comprising an array of sensors of which an electrical property varies according to exposure to the gases or vapors; and
a library of responses to known microorganisms or known microorganism states.
9. The apparatus according toclaim 8 , in which the sensors comprise semi-conducting polymers, the resistance or impedance of which varies according to exposure to gases or vapors.
10. The apparatus according toclaim 8 orclaim 9 , further comprising a store for a library of responses to known microorganisms and comparison means operable automatically to compare a given response against the library.
11. The apparatus according toclaim 8 orclaim 9 , comprising a neural net, the input to which comprises the array of sensors and which is trained against known microorganisms.
12. The apparatus according to claims8 or9, comprising a probe for sampling a detection region by abstracting gas or vapor from said region to be passed to said detector means.
13. The apparatus according toclaim 12 , said probe comprising a cover for enclosing a Petri or other laboratory dish or an area of growth medium thereon.
14. The apparatus according toclaim 13 , said probe comprising a carrier gas feed and return.
15. The apparatus according toclaim 14 , comprising a source of carrier gas.
16. The method according toclaim 1 , wherein the microorganism is a bacteria.
17. The method according toclaim 16 , in which the sensors comprise semi-conducting polymers, the resistance or impedance of which varies according to exposure to gases or vapors.
18. The method according toclaim 16 orclaim 17 , comprising comparing the response of the sensors against a library of responses to known bacteria.
19. The method according toclaim 16 orclaim 17 , comprising inputting the response to a neural net trained against known bacteria.
20. The method according toclaim 16 orclaim 17 , comprising performing a cluster analysis mapping of the sensor outputs.
21. The method according toclaim 16 orclaim 17 , in which the detection region comprises an enclosed space above a Petri dish or other laboratory culture dish.
22. The method according to any one ofclaim 16 orclaim 17 , in which the array of sensors is first purged using a purging gas.
23. The apparatus according toclaim 8 , wherein the microorganism is a bacteria.
24. The apparatus according toclaim 23 , in which the sensors comprise semi-conducting polymers, the resistance or impedance of which varies according to exposure to gases or vapors.
25. The apparatus according toclaim 23 orclaim 24 , further comprising a store for a library of responses to known bacteria and comparison means operable automatically to compare a given response against the library.
26. The apparatus according toclaim 23 orclaim 24 , comprising a neural net, the input to which comprises the array of sensors and which is trained against known bacteria.
27. The apparatus according toclaim 23 or24 , comprising a probe for sampling a detection region by abstracting gas or vapor from said region to be passed to said detector means.
28. The apparatus according toclaim 27 , said probe comprising a cover for enclosing a Petri or other laboratory culture dish or an area of growth medium thereon.
29. The apparatus according toclaim 28 , said probe comprising a carrier gas feed and return.
30. The apparatus according toclaim 29 , comprising a source of carrier gas.
31. The method according toclaim 1 , wherein the microorganism is a microfungi.
32. The method according toclaim 31 , in which the sensors comprise semi-conducting polymers, the resistance or impedance of which varies according to exposure to gases or vapors.
33. The method according toclaim 31 orclaim 32 , comprising comparing the response of the sensors against a library of responses to known microfungi.
34. The method according toclaim 31 orclaim 32 , comprising inputting the response to a neural net trained against known microfungi.
35. The method according toclaim 31 orclaim 32 , comprising performing a cluster analysis mapping of the sensor outputs.
36. The method according toclaim 31 or32 , in which the detection region comprises an enclosed space above a Petri dish or other laboratory culture dish.
37. The method according toclaim 31 or32 , in which the array of sensors is first purged using a purging gas.
38. The apparatus according toclaim 8 , wherein the microorganism is a microfungi.
39. The apparatus according toclaim 38 , in which the sensors comprise semi-conducting polymers, the resistance or impedance of which varies according to exposure to gases or vapors.
40. The apparatus according toclaim 38 orclaim 39 , further comprising a store for a library of responses to known microfungi and comparison means operable automatically to compare a given response against the library.
41. The apparatus according toclaim 38 orclaim 39 , comprising a neural net, the input to which comprises the array of sensors and which is trained against known microfungi.
42. The apparatus according toclaim 38 orclaim 39 , comprising a probe for sampling a detection region by abstracting gas or vapor from said region to be passed to said detector means.
43. The apparatus according toclaim 42 , said probe comprising a cover for enclosing a Petri or other laboratory culture dish or an area of growth medium thereon.
44. The apparatus according toclaim 43 , said probe comprising a carrier gas feed and return.
45. The apparatus according toclaim 44 , comprising a source of carrier gas.
46. The method according toclaim 1 , comprising detecting gas or vapor associated with the microorganism species and differentiating said gas or vapor from gas or vapor associated with other microorganism species.
47. The method according toclaim 1 , comprising detecting gas or vapor associated with a bacterial species and differentiating said gas or vapor from gas or vapor associated with other bacterial species.
48. The method according toclaim 1 , comprising detecting gas or vapor associated with a microfungi species and differentiating said gas or vapor from gas or vapor associated with other microfungi species.
49. An apparatus for detecting a microorganism or the state of a microorganism, comprising:
a detector means for detecting a gas or vapor associated with the microorganism, said detector means comprising an array of sensors of which an electrical property varies according to exposure to the gases or vapors;
a store for a library of responses to known microorganisms or known microorganism states; and
comparison means operable automatically to compare a given response against the library.
50. A method for identifying a microorganism comprising:
abstracting gas or vapor associated with the microorganism from a detection region;
flowing the same over an array of sensors of which an electrical property varies according to exposure to gases or vapors and observing the response of the sensors;
providing a library of responses to known microorganisms; and
comparing the response of the sensors against the library of responses to known microorganisms.
51. The method according toclaim 50 , in which the sensors comprise semi-conducting polymers, the resistance or impedance of which varies according to exposure to gases or vapors.
52. The method according toclaim 50 , further comprising inputting the response to a neural net trained against known microorganisms.
53. The method according toclaim 50 , further comprising performing a cluster analysis mapping of the sensor outputs.
54. The method according toclaim 50 , wherein the detection region comprises an enclosed space above a Petri dish or other laboratory culture dish.
55. The method according toclaim 50 , further comprising purging the array of sensors with a purging gas.
56. The method according toclaim 50 , wherein the microorganism is a bacteria.
57. The method according toclaim 50 , wherein the microorganism is a microfungi.
58. The method according toclaim 50 , further comprising determining the state of the microorganism.
59. A method for identifying a microorganism comprising:
abstracting gas or vapor associated with the microorganism from a detection region;
flowing the same over an array of sensors of which an electrical property varies according to exposure to gases or vapors and observing the response of the sensors; and
comparing the response of the sensors against a library of responses to known microorganisms.
60. The method according toclaim 59 , in which the sensors comprise semi-conducting polymers, the resistance or impedance of which varies according to exposure to gases or vapors.
61. The method according toclaim 59 , further comprising inputting the response to a neural net trained against known microorganisms.
62. The method according toclaim 59 , further comprising performing a cluster analysis mapping of the sensor outputs.
63. The method according toclaim 59 , wherein the detection region comprises and enclosed space above a Petri dish or other laboratory culture dish.
64. The method according toclaim 59 , further comprising purging the array of sensors with a purging gas.
65. The method according toclaim 59 , wherein the microorganism is a bacteria.
66. The method according toclaim 59 , wherein the microorganism is a microfungi.
67. The method according toclaim 59 , further comprising determining the state of the microorganism.
68. A method for identifying the state of a microorganism comprising:
abstracting gas or vapor associated with the microorganism from a detection region;
flowing the same over an array of sensors of which an electrical property varies according to exposure to gases or vapors;
observing the response of the sensors; and
identifying the state of the microorganism based on the observed response.
69. The method according toclaim 68 , in which the sensors comprise semi-conducting polymers, the resistance or impedance of which varies according to exposure to gases or vapors.
70. The method according toclaim 68 , further comprising inputting the response to a neural net trained against known microorganism states.
71. The method according toclaim 68 , further comprising performing a cluster analysis mapping of the sensor outputs.
72. The method according toclaim 68 , wherein the detection region comprises an enclosed space above a Petri dish or other laboratory culture dish.
73. The method according toclaim 68 , further comprising purging the array of sensors with a purging gas.
74. The method according toclaim 68 , wherein the microorganism is a bacteria.
75. The method according toclaim 68 , wherein the microorganism is a microfungi.
76. The method according toclaim 68 , further comprising:
providing a library of responses to known microorganism states; and
comparing the response of the sensors against the library of responses to known microorganism states.
77. A method for identifying a microorganism comprising:
abstracting gas or vapor associated with the microorganism from a detection region;
flowing the same over an array of sensors of which an electrical property varies according to exposure to gases or vapors;
observing the response of the sensors; and
differentiating such gas or vapor from gas or vapor known to be associated with other known microorganisms.
78. The method according toclaim 77 , further comprising:
providing a library of responses to known microorganisms; and
comparing the response of the sensors against the library of responses to known microorganisms.
79. The method according toclaim 77 , in which the sensors comprise semi-conducting polymers, the resistance or impedance of which varies according to exposure to gases or vapors.
80. The method according toclaim 77 , further comprising inputting the response to a neural net trained against known microorganisms.
81. The method according toclaim 77 , further comprising performing a cluster analysis mapping of the sensor outputs.
82. The method according toclaim 77 , wherein the detection region comprises an enclosed space above a Petri dish or other laboratory culture dish.
83. The method according toclaim 77 , further comprising purging the array of sensors with a purging gas.
84. The method according toclaim 77 , wherein the microorganism is a bacteria.
85. The method according toclaim 77 , wherein the microorganism is a microfungi.
86. The method according toclaim 77 , further comprising determining the state of the microorganism.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US09/665,182USRE38186E1 (en) | 1994-06-09 | 1995-06-09 | Method and apparatus for detecting microorganisms |
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB9411515AGB9411515D0 (en) | 1994-06-09 | 1994-06-09 | Detecting bacteria |
| GB9411515 | 1994-06-09 | ||
| US08/750,652US5807701A (en) | 1994-06-09 | 1995-06-09 | Method and apparatus for detecting microorganisms |
| PCT/GB1995/001347WO1995033848A1 (en) | 1994-06-09 | 1995-06-09 | Detecting bacteria |
| US09/665,182USRE38186E1 (en) | 1994-06-09 | 1995-06-09 | Method and apparatus for detecting microorganisms |
Related Parent Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US08/750,652ReissueUS5807701A (en) | 1994-06-09 | 1995-06-09 | Method and apparatus for detecting microorganisms |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| USRE38186E1true USRE38186E1 (en) | 2003-07-15 |
Family
ID=10756425
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US08/750,652Expired - LifetimeUS5807701A (en) | 1994-06-09 | 1995-06-09 | Method and apparatus for detecting microorganisms |
| US09/665,182Expired - LifetimeUSRE38186E1 (en) | 1994-06-09 | 1995-06-09 | Method and apparatus for detecting microorganisms |
Family Applications Before (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US08/750,652Expired - LifetimeUS5807701A (en) | 1994-06-09 | 1995-06-09 | Method and apparatus for detecting microorganisms |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US5807701A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0765399B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH10501124A (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE231558T1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU2678095A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE69529463T2 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB9411515D0 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1995033848A1 (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20040006257A1 (en)* | 2002-03-04 | 2004-01-08 | Cyrano Sciences Inc. | Detection, diagnosis, and monitoring of a medical condition or disease with artificial olfactometry |
| WO2008090485A1 (en)* | 2007-01-25 | 2008-07-31 | Nxp B.V. | A sensor module for a catheter |
| EP1978088A3 (en)* | 2007-04-02 | 2008-12-10 | Consultatie Implementatie Technisch Beheer B.V. | Method and device for identifying a process wherein gaseous substances are released or consumed |
Families Citing this family (78)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB9501807D0 (en)* | 1995-01-31 | 1995-03-22 | Cbl Products Limited | Detection of vaginal infections |
| US5788833A (en)* | 1995-03-27 | 1998-08-04 | California Institute Of Technology | Sensors for detecting analytes in fluids |
| US6170318B1 (en)* | 1995-03-27 | 2001-01-09 | California Institute Of Technology | Methods of use for sensor based fluid detection devices |
| US5571401A (en)* | 1995-03-27 | 1996-11-05 | California Institute Of Technology | Sensor arrays for detecting analytes in fluids |
| US5951846A (en)* | 1995-03-27 | 1999-09-14 | California Institute Of Technology | Sensor arrays for detecting analytes in fluids |
| US5814474A (en)* | 1996-07-23 | 1998-09-29 | Becton Dickinson And Company | Direct identification of microorganisms in culture bottles |
| GB9700012D0 (en)* | 1997-01-02 | 1997-02-19 | Aromascan Plc | Improvements in the detection of bacteria |
| GB9704627D0 (en)* | 1997-03-06 | 1997-04-23 | Aromascan Plc | Detection of antigenic species |
| GB9704676D0 (en) | 1997-03-06 | 1997-04-23 | Aromascan Plc | Condition indicator |
| GB9717209D0 (en)* | 1997-08-14 | 1997-10-22 | Aromascan Plc | Condition detector |
| GB9717306D0 (en)* | 1997-08-15 | 1997-10-22 | Aromascan Plc | Method and device for detecting a condition |
| WO1999053300A1 (en)* | 1998-04-14 | 1999-10-21 | California Institute Of Technology | Method and system for determining analyte activity |
| AU4681199A (en) | 1998-06-15 | 2000-01-05 | Trustees Of The University Of Pennsylvania, The | Diagnosing intrapulmonary infection and analyzing nasal sample |
| US6319724B1 (en) | 1998-06-19 | 2001-11-20 | Cyrano Sciences, Inc. | Trace level detection of analytes using artificial olfactometry |
| GB9818176D0 (en)* | 1998-08-21 | 1998-10-14 | Aromascan Plc | Method for detecting microorganisms |
| WO2000020852A1 (en) | 1998-10-02 | 2000-04-13 | California Institute Of Technology | Conductive organic sensors, arrays and methods of use |
| EP2096427A3 (en) | 1998-11-16 | 2009-11-18 | California Institute of Technology | Simultaneous determination of equilibrium and kinetic properties |
| GB9825904D0 (en)* | 1998-11-27 | 1999-01-20 | Univ Cranfield | Diagnosis of gastric and lung disorders |
| GB9905053D0 (en)* | 1999-03-05 | 1999-04-28 | Eev Ltd | Chemical sensor systems |
| ATE298086T1 (en)* | 1999-03-09 | 2005-07-15 | Osmetech Plc | DIAGNOSTIC METHOD BY ANALYZING CONDENSATION FROM BREATHING GAS |
| US7122152B2 (en)* | 1999-05-10 | 2006-10-17 | University Of Florida | Spatiotemporal and geometric optimization of sensor arrays for detecting analytes fluids |
| DE60026309T2 (en)* | 1999-05-10 | 2006-12-14 | California Institute Of Technology, Pasadena | USE OF A SPATIAL-TIME REACTION BEHAVIOR IN SENSOR ARRAYS FOR THE DETECTION OF ANALYTES IN FLUIDS |
| US6631333B1 (en)* | 1999-05-10 | 2003-10-07 | California Institute Of Technology | Methods for remote characterization of an odor |
| US6365107B1 (en)* | 1999-05-24 | 2002-04-02 | Michael Markelov | Headspace instrument |
| US7097973B1 (en) | 1999-06-14 | 2006-08-29 | Alpha Mos | Method for monitoring molecular species within a medium |
| AU5330200A (en)* | 1999-06-18 | 2001-01-09 | Michigan State University | Method and apparatus for the detection of volatile products in a sample |
| WO2001013087A2 (en)* | 1999-08-18 | 2001-02-22 | California Institute Of Technology | Sensors and sensor arrays of conducting and insulating composites and methods of use thereof |
| US6890715B1 (en) | 1999-08-18 | 2005-05-10 | The California Institute Of Technology | Sensors of conducting and insulating composites |
| US6975944B1 (en) | 1999-09-28 | 2005-12-13 | Alpha Mos | Method and apparatus for monitoring materials used in electronics |
| US6978212B1 (en) | 1999-11-01 | 2005-12-20 | Smiths Detection Inc. | System for portable sensing |
| US6606566B1 (en)* | 1999-11-01 | 2003-08-12 | Steven A. Sunshine | Computer code for portable sensing |
| WO2001069186A1 (en)* | 2000-03-10 | 2001-09-20 | Cyrano Sciences, Inc. | Measuring and analyzing multi-dimensional sensory information for identification purposes |
| WO2001069329A2 (en)* | 2000-03-10 | 2001-09-20 | Cyrano Sciences, Inc. | Control for an industrial process using one or more multidimensional variables |
| AU2001271760A1 (en)* | 2000-07-03 | 2002-01-14 | Michigan State University | Method and apparatus for the detection of volatile products in a sample |
| WO2002042488A1 (en)* | 2000-11-24 | 2002-05-30 | Osmetech Plc | Detection of infections in liquid samples by detecting fatty acids present in the headspace associated with the liquid sample |
| GB0109572D0 (en)* | 2001-04-19 | 2001-06-06 | Univ Cranfield | Detector assembly for monitoring disease odours |
| GB0113212D0 (en)* | 2001-05-31 | 2001-07-25 | Oxford Biosignals Ltd | Patient condition display |
| US6494833B1 (en) | 2001-06-19 | 2002-12-17 | Welch Allyn, Inc. | Conditioning apparatus for a chemical sensing instrument |
| US20040002126A1 (en)* | 2002-06-28 | 2004-01-01 | Michel Houde | Method, device and system for detecting the presence of microorganisms |
| US20050150778A1 (en)* | 2002-11-18 | 2005-07-14 | Lewis Nathan S. | Use of basic polymers in carbon black composite vapor detectors to obtain enhanced sensitivity and classification performance for volatile fatty acids |
| US7799273B2 (en) | 2004-05-06 | 2010-09-21 | Smp Logic Systems Llc | Manufacturing execution system for validation, quality and risk assessment and monitoring of pharmaceutical manufacturing processes |
| US8152992B2 (en)* | 2004-08-31 | 2012-04-10 | University Of Maryland | Cell-based sensing: biological transduction of chemical stimuli to electrical signals (nose-on-a-chip) |
| US8388553B2 (en) | 2004-11-04 | 2013-03-05 | Smith & Nephew, Inc. | Cycle and load measurement device |
| AU2006282828B2 (en) | 2005-08-23 | 2013-01-31 | Smith & Nephew, Inc | Telemetric orthopaedic implant |
| US8852504B2 (en) | 2006-10-11 | 2014-10-07 | The Board Of Trustees Of The University Of Illinois | Apparatus and method for detecting and identifying microorganisms |
| US9445720B2 (en) | 2007-02-23 | 2016-09-20 | Smith & Nephew, Inc. | Processing sensed accelerometer data for determination of bone healing |
| US8570187B2 (en) | 2007-09-06 | 2013-10-29 | Smith & Nephew, Inc. | System and method for communicating with a telemetric implant |
| WO2009054913A1 (en)* | 2007-10-19 | 2009-04-30 | The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, Inc. | Rapid detection of volatile organic compounds for identification of bacteria in a sample |
| US8518663B2 (en) | 2009-04-27 | 2013-08-27 | The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, Inc. | Rapid detection of volatile organic compounds for identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a sample |
| US9828696B2 (en) | 2011-03-23 | 2017-11-28 | Nanohmics, Inc. | Method for assembly of analyte filter arrays using biomolecules |
| US9252175B2 (en) | 2011-03-23 | 2016-02-02 | Nanohmics, Inc. | Method for assembly of spectroscopic filter arrays using biomolecules |
| US9204821B2 (en) | 2012-05-09 | 2015-12-08 | Isense Medical Corp. | Method of and apparatus for detecting upper respiratory bacterial infection from exhaled mammalian breath and colorimetric sensor array cartridge |
| US20140322706A1 (en) | 2012-10-24 | 2014-10-30 | Jon Faiz Kayyem | Integrated multipelx target analysis |
| JP1628116S (en) | 2012-10-24 | 2019-04-01 | ||
| CN107866286A (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2018-04-03 | 金马克诊断股份有限公司 | Systems, methods, and apparatus for manipulating deformable fluid containers |
| WO2014180974A1 (en) | 2013-05-09 | 2014-11-13 | Ramem, S.A. | Voc-based narcolepsy diagnostic method |
| EP2873971A1 (en)* | 2013-07-01 | 2015-05-20 | Universiti Putra Malaysia | An artificial olfactory system and an application thereof |
| US9498778B2 (en) | 2014-11-11 | 2016-11-22 | Genmark Diagnostics, Inc. | Instrument for processing cartridge for performing assays in a closed sample preparation and reaction system |
| USD881409S1 (en) | 2013-10-24 | 2020-04-14 | Genmark Diagnostics, Inc. | Biochip cartridge |
| CN103616414A (en)* | 2013-12-10 | 2014-03-05 | 江苏大学 | Rapid identification method of aerogenic bacterium variety |
| US10005080B2 (en) | 2014-11-11 | 2018-06-26 | Genmark Diagnostics, Inc. | Instrument and cartridge for performing assays in a closed sample preparation and reaction system employing electrowetting fluid manipulation |
| US9598722B2 (en) | 2014-11-11 | 2017-03-21 | Genmark Diagnostics, Inc. | Cartridge for performing assays in a closed sample preparation and reaction system |
| EP3218108B1 (en) | 2014-11-11 | 2020-09-02 | Genmark Diagnostics Inc. | Fluid sample processing cartridge and use thereof |
| US11988662B2 (en) | 2015-12-07 | 2024-05-21 | Nanohmics, Inc. | Methods for detecting and quantifying gas species analytes using differential gas species diffusion |
| US10386365B2 (en) | 2015-12-07 | 2019-08-20 | Nanohmics, Inc. | Methods for detecting and quantifying analytes using ionic species diffusion |
| US10386351B2 (en) | 2015-12-07 | 2019-08-20 | Nanohmics, Inc. | Methods for detecting and quantifying analytes using gas species diffusion |
| ITUA20164230A1 (en)* | 2016-06-09 | 2017-12-09 | Univ Degli Studi Milano | ENTERICAL PATHOLOGIES DETECTION SYSTEM, IN PARTICULAR IN ANIMALS, AND RELATIVE DETECTION METHOD |
| WO2018035399A1 (en)* | 2016-08-19 | 2018-02-22 | Becton, Dickinson And Company | Adapter assembly for attachment to a bottle |
| WO2018053501A1 (en) | 2016-09-19 | 2018-03-22 | Genmark Diagnostics, Inc. | Instrument for processing cartridge for performing assays in a closed sample preparation and reaction system |
| US10889848B2 (en) | 2017-07-14 | 2021-01-12 | American Sterilizer Company | Process for determining viability of test microorganisms of biological indicator and sterilization detection device for determining same |
| US10900062B2 (en)* | 2017-07-14 | 2021-01-26 | American Sterilizer Company | Process for determining viability of test microorganisms of biological indicator and sterilization detection device for determining same |
| US10876144B2 (en) | 2017-07-14 | 2020-12-29 | American Sterilizer Company | Process for determining viability of test microorganisms of biological indicator and sterilization detection device for determining same |
| US20190062809A1 (en) | 2017-08-24 | 2019-02-28 | Clinical Micro Sensors, Inc. (dba GenMark Diagnostics, Inc.) | Electrochemical detection of bacterial and/or fungal infections |
| ES3030837T3 (en) | 2017-08-24 | 2025-07-02 | Roche Diagnostics Gmbh | Electrochemical detection of bacterial and/or fungal infections |
| WO2019072352A2 (en)* | 2017-10-09 | 2019-04-18 | Lachlak Nassira | Automated system for detecting bacteria implicated in infections or diseases, using a multisensor system incorporating an olfactometry device recognising the released metabolites |
| US10835185B2 (en) | 2018-03-08 | 2020-11-17 | General Electric Company | System and method for detecting ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) |
| US12031895B2 (en) | 2019-10-28 | 2024-07-09 | Op-Hygiene Ip Gmbh | Method of identifying biologic particles |
| JP7744596B2 (en)* | 2023-09-29 | 2025-09-26 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | Microbial analysis system and microbial analysis method |
Citations (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4246343A (en)* | 1979-05-02 | 1981-01-20 | University Of Virginia And National Aeronautics & Space Administration | Microbial detection and enumeration method and apparatus |
| US4386157A (en)* | 1981-10-26 | 1983-05-31 | Beggs James M Administrator Of | Method for detecting coliform organisms |
| EP0124193A1 (en)* | 1983-02-04 | 1984-11-07 | Unilever Plc | Method and device for bacterial testing |
| JPS60130398A (en)* | 1983-12-16 | 1985-07-11 | Kurita Water Ind Ltd | Detection of microorganism |
| EP0158497A2 (en)* | 1984-04-06 | 1985-10-16 | Becton Dickinson and Company | Method and apparatus for the detection of biologically active agents |
| EP0264221A2 (en)* | 1986-10-06 | 1988-04-20 | BioControl Systems, Inc. | Methods and device for detection of microorganisms |
| EP0286307A2 (en)* | 1987-04-06 | 1988-10-12 | Cogent Limited | Gas sensor |
| WO1990013663A1 (en)* | 1989-05-12 | 1990-11-15 | Avl Ag | Process for determining biological activities in a sample and a device for implementing it |
| US5051360A (en)* | 1988-05-06 | 1991-09-24 | Abo, Inc. | Method for detecting microorganism activity |
| US5094955A (en)* | 1988-03-15 | 1992-03-10 | Akzo N.V. | Device and method for detecting microorganisms |
| US5164796A (en)* | 1988-03-15 | 1992-11-17 | Akzo N.V. | Apparatus and method for detection of microorganisms |
| WO1994004705A1 (en)* | 1992-08-21 | 1994-03-03 | The Minister Of Agriculture Fisheries And Food In Her Britannic Majesty's Government Of The United Kingdom Of Great Britain And Northern Ireland | Detection of microorganisms using gas sensors |
| EP0597584A1 (en)* | 1992-10-09 | 1994-05-18 | Becton, Dickinson and Company | Method and apparatus for detecting biological activities in a specimen |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB8515511D0 (en)* | 1985-06-19 | 1985-07-24 | Atomic Energy Authority Uk | Sensor |
- 1994
- 1994-06-09GBGB9411515Apatent/GB9411515D0/enactivePending
- 1995
- 1995-06-09ATAT95921895Tpatent/ATE231558T1/ennot_activeIP Right Cessation
- 1995-06-09DEDE69529463Tpatent/DE69529463T2/ennot_activeExpired - Fee Related
- 1995-06-09USUS08/750,652patent/US5807701A/ennot_activeExpired - Lifetime
- 1995-06-09USUS09/665,182patent/USRE38186E1/ennot_activeExpired - Lifetime
- 1995-06-09JPJP8500582Apatent/JPH10501124A/enactivePending
- 1995-06-09AUAU26780/95Apatent/AU2678095A/ennot_activeAbandoned
- 1995-06-09WOPCT/GB1995/001347patent/WO1995033848A1/enactiveIP Right Grant
- 1995-06-09EPEP95921895Apatent/EP0765399B1/ennot_activeExpired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4246343A (en)* | 1979-05-02 | 1981-01-20 | University Of Virginia And National Aeronautics & Space Administration | Microbial detection and enumeration method and apparatus |
| US4386157A (en)* | 1981-10-26 | 1983-05-31 | Beggs James M Administrator Of | Method for detecting coliform organisms |
| EP0124193A1 (en)* | 1983-02-04 | 1984-11-07 | Unilever Plc | Method and device for bacterial testing |
| JPS60130398A (en)* | 1983-12-16 | 1985-07-11 | Kurita Water Ind Ltd | Detection of microorganism |
| EP0158497A2 (en)* | 1984-04-06 | 1985-10-16 | Becton Dickinson and Company | Method and apparatus for the detection of biologically active agents |
| EP0264221A2 (en)* | 1986-10-06 | 1988-04-20 | BioControl Systems, Inc. | Methods and device for detection of microorganisms |
| EP0286307A2 (en)* | 1987-04-06 | 1988-10-12 | Cogent Limited | Gas sensor |
| US5094955A (en)* | 1988-03-15 | 1992-03-10 | Akzo N.V. | Device and method for detecting microorganisms |
| US5164796A (en)* | 1988-03-15 | 1992-11-17 | Akzo N.V. | Apparatus and method for detection of microorganisms |
| US5051360A (en)* | 1988-05-06 | 1991-09-24 | Abo, Inc. | Method for detecting microorganism activity |
| WO1990013663A1 (en)* | 1989-05-12 | 1990-11-15 | Avl Ag | Process for determining biological activities in a sample and a device for implementing it |
| WO1994004705A1 (en)* | 1992-08-21 | 1994-03-03 | The Minister Of Agriculture Fisheries And Food In Her Britannic Majesty's Government Of The United Kingdom Of Great Britain And Northern Ireland | Detection of microorganisms using gas sensors |
| EP0597584A1 (en)* | 1992-10-09 | 1994-05-18 | Becton, Dickinson and Company | Method and apparatus for detecting biological activities in a specimen |
Non-Patent Citations (14)
| Title |
|---|
| "Digital Smell of Success," Independent on Sunday, Jun. 5, 1994, 2 pages. |
| Gardner et al., "A brief history of electronic noses" Sensors and Actuators B. 18-19 (1994), pp. 211-220.** |
| Greenfield, Philip, "AromaScan Sniffs Out Medical Application," Clinica, May 23, 1994, pp. 20-21. |
| Hartfield, J.V., et al., "Towards an Integrated Electronic Nose Using Conducting Polymer Sensors," Sensors and Actuators B, Nov. 19, 1993, 11:35:17, pp. 1-8. |
| J.L. Berdagué et al., "Revue Caractérisation Instrumentale De La Qualité Des Matiéres Premiéres Et Des Aliments Par Analyse Des Composés Volatils", Viandes Prod. Carnés vol. 14, Sep.-Oct. 1993, pp. 135-138; (with English language summary).** |
| M. Sasser, ""Tracking' a Strain Using the Microbial Identification System", Technical Note #102, MIDI, May 1990, pp. 171-174.* |
| M. Sasser, "‘Tracking’ a Strain Using the Microbial Identification System", Technical Note #102, MIDI, May 1990, pp. 171-174. |
| M. Sasser, "Identification of Bacteria by Gas Chromatography of Cellular Fatty Acids", Technical Note #101, MIDI, May 1990, pp. 163-169.** |
| Persaud, Krishna C., "Electronic Gas and Odour Dectectors that Mimic Chemoreception in Animals," Trends in Analytical Chemistry, vol. 11, No. 2, 1992. |
| Persaud, Krishna C., "Odour Detection Using Sensor Arrays," Analytical Proceedings, Oct. 1991, vol. 28 pp. 339-341. |
| Sammon, John W., "A Nonlinear Mapping for Data Structure Analysis," May 5, 1969, IEEE Transactions on Computers, vol. 3-18, No. 5, pp. 401-409. |
| Schweizer-Berberich, P.M., et al., Characterisation of Food Freshness with Sensor Arrays, Sensors and Actuators B, 18-19 (1994) pp. 282-290. |
| Shen-Wu Ho, "Head-Space Gas-Liquid Chromatographic Analysis for Presumptive Identification of Bacteria in Blood Cultures", Feb. 1986, pp. 18-26.** |
| Winquist, F., et al., "Performance of an Electronic Nose for Quality Estimation of Ground Meat," Meas. Sci. Technol. vol. 4, (1993) pp. 1493-1500. |
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20040006257A1 (en)* | 2002-03-04 | 2004-01-08 | Cyrano Sciences Inc. | Detection, diagnosis, and monitoring of a medical condition or disease with artificial olfactometry |
| US7255677B2 (en) | 2002-03-04 | 2007-08-14 | Smiths Detection Inc. | Detection, diagnosis, and monitoring of a medical condition or disease with artificial olfactometry |
| US20070265509A1 (en)* | 2002-03-04 | 2007-11-15 | Smiths Detection Inc. | Detection, diagnosis, and monitoring of a medical condition or disease with artificial olfactometry |
| US7819803B2 (en) | 2002-03-04 | 2010-10-26 | Smiths Detection Inc. | Detection, diagnosis, and monitoring of a medical condition or disease with artificial olfactometry |
| WO2008090485A1 (en)* | 2007-01-25 | 2008-07-31 | Nxp B.V. | A sensor module for a catheter |
| US20100010327A1 (en)* | 2007-01-25 | 2010-01-14 | Nxp, B.V. | A sensor module for a catheter |
| US8233957B2 (en) | 2007-01-25 | 2012-07-31 | Nxp B.V. | Sensor module for a catheter |
| EP1978088A3 (en)* | 2007-04-02 | 2008-12-10 | Consultatie Implementatie Technisch Beheer B.V. | Method and device for identifying a process wherein gaseous substances are released or consumed |
| WO2008120986A3 (en)* | 2007-04-02 | 2009-02-26 | Consultatie Implementatie Tech | Method and device for identifying a process wherein gaseous substances are released or consumed |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB9411515D0 (en) | 1994-08-03 |
| AU2678095A (en) | 1996-01-04 |
| ATE231558T1 (en) | 2003-02-15 |
| US5807701A (en) | 1998-09-15 |
| DE69529463D1 (en) | 2003-02-27 |
| WO1995033848A1 (en) | 1995-12-14 |
| DE69529463T2 (en) | 2004-01-15 |
| EP0765399B1 (en) | 2003-01-22 |
| EP0765399A1 (en) | 1997-04-02 |
| JPH10501124A (en) | 1998-02-03 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| USRE38186E1 (en) | Method and apparatus for detecting microorganisms | |
| Gardner et al. | The prediction of bacteria type and culture growth phase by an electronic nose with a multi-layer perceptron network | |
| Green et al. | Using a metal oxide sensor (MOS)-based electronic nose for discrimination of bacteria based on individual colonies in suspension | |
| Pavlou et al. | Use of an electronic nose system for diagnoses of urinary tract infections | |
| Maquelin et al. | Identification of medically relevant microorganisms by vibrational spectroscopy | |
| Timmins et al. | Rapid differentiation of closely related Candida species and strains by pyrolysis-mass spectrometry and Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy | |
| Kirschner et al. | Classification and identification of enterococci: a comparative phenotypic, genotypic, and vibrational spectroscopic study | |
| Pavlou et al. | Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) in vitro and in situ using an electronic nose in combination with a neural network system | |
| Mouwen et al. | Discrimination of enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus PCR types of Campylobacter coli and Campylobacter jejuni by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy | |
| CN108728511B (en) | Microbiological test standards for infrared spectrometry and methods of use thereof | |
| US5814474A (en) | Direct identification of microorganisms in culture bottles | |
| EP0958375A1 (en) | Detection of conditions by analysis of gases or vapours | |
| Haag et al. | Characterization and identification of actinomycetes by FT-IR spectroscopy | |
| US12077806B2 (en) | Method for the spectrometric characterization of microorganisms | |
| Moens et al. | Fast identification of ten clinically important micro‐organisms using an electronic nose | |
| WO1997008337A1 (en) | Methods and apparatus for detecting microorganisms | |
| Goodacre et al. | An epidemiological study of Staphylococcus intermedius strains isolated from dogs, their owners and veterinary surgeons | |
| Gutteridge et al. | Effect of different growth conditions on the discrimination of three bacteria by pyrolysis gas-liquid chromatography | |
| Timmins et al. | Rapid quantitative analysis of binary mixtures of Escherichia coli strains using pyrolysis mass spectrometry with multivariate calibration and artificial neural networks | |
| CN113512601A (en) | Molecular targets and quantitative assays for screening Proteus species | |
| Kodogiannis et al. | Electronic nose: clinical diagnosis based on soft computing methodologies | |
| McLaughlin et al. | A rapid method for detecting bacterial contamination in the presence of Penicillium and Streptomyces antibiotic fermentations | |
| Vasconcelos et al. | Identification of Microorganism Colony Odor Signature using InceptionTime | |
| Zulkifli et al. | Identification of Human Pathogen in Nutrient Culture Media using an Electronic Nose | |
| CN114107532A (en) | Molecular target for identifying pseudomonas aeruginosa and quantitative detection method thereof |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FPAY | Fee payment | Year of fee payment:8 | |
| REMI | Maintenance fee reminder mailed | ||
| FPAY | Fee payment | Year of fee payment:12 | |
| SULP | Surcharge for late payment | Year of fee payment:11 | |
| AS | Assignment | Owner name:GENMARK DIAGNOSTICS, INC., CALIFORNIA Free format text:ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:OSMETECH PLC;REEL/FRAME:025026/0788 Effective date:20100831 |