USRE35372E - Apparatus for driving a drilling or percussion tool - Google Patents

Abstract

This invention relates to a device for driving a drilling or precussion tool having a spindle that rotates with respect to a housing. One end of the spindle is adapted to fasten to a tool piece and the other end is connected to an oscillating percussion body movable in the housing by means of a guideway. A drive shaft rotates the tool spindle into rotation or actuates the percussion body via a transmission that is provided with means for converting the rotary motion of the drive shaft into an oscillatory motion of a drive member. The drive member is connected to the precussion body through an elastic member having a non-linear spring characteristic.

Description

.Iadd.This is a continuation of application Ser. No. 08/128,805 filed on Sep. 29, 1993, now abandoned..Iaddend.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates to a device for driving a drilling or percussion tool having a spindle that rotates with respect to a housing.

A device of this kind has been previously described in European patent application 84201720.4, .[.upon which foreign priority is claimed by the applicant..]. .Iadd.now EPO patent 0145070 having counterpart U.S. Pat. No. 4,726,430..Iaddend.

The present invention improves the means for converting the rotary motion of the drive shaft into an oscillatory motion of a drive member, and improves an associated elastic member, resulting in a design which is simple in construction, and a drilling or percussion tool which occupies less space and has a more favorable weight. One end of the spindle is adapted to fasten to a tool piece and the other end is connected to an oscillating percussion body movable in the housing by means of a guideway. A drive shaft rotates the tool spindle into rotation or actuates the percussion body via a transmission that is provided with means for convening the rotary motion of the drive shaft into an oscillatory motion of a drive member. The drive member is connected to the percussion body through an elastic member having a non-linear spring characteristic.

According to the invention the improved device is distinguished in that the drive member is mounted on the drive shaft or a shaft coupled therewith, which may take place at an angle deviating from 90 degrees to the center line thereof, and the elastic member is rotatably connected to the drive plate-like member, which is provided with a coupling means for engaging the percussion body.

Owing to the direct mounting of the drive member on the shaft associated therewith, the conversion mechanism can be made particularly simple and small. Moreover, the frequency of the oscillating motion can be boosted considerably, with retention of sufficient energy per stroke, which in some embodiments has a considerably better percussion effect on the intended workpiece.

In the preferred embodiment the coupling means is a tongue fastened to the plate which projects into an aperature arranged in the percussion body. In this embodiment the percussion body can be made small and is thereby suitable for high oscillation frequencies.

It can be advantageous to give the aperature a larger dimension in the direction of the stroke than the tongue of the elastic member, so that the desired non-linear spring characteristic is also obtained by using a plurality of stiff elastic members.

In another embodiment there is arranged extending along the elastic member a spring plate wherein the spring constant is less than that of the elastic member Since the spring plate will be cushioned during the movement to a greater or lesser extent against the elastic member, a non-linear spring characteristic results.

If the drive member is mounted directly onto the motor shaft, it is preferable to provide the drive member on the motor side with a clutch, through which not only is assembly simplified, but the bending loads on that shaft will be reduced.

The invention further relates to a device which is provided with a percussion mechanism, for instance in the form described above, wherein the percussive force is transmitted directly to the tool piece to be coupled to the tool spindle. To that end the tool spindle is provided according to the invention with a tool-holding body, which is made with means for the rotation-proof fastening of a tool shank in the tool holder, which nonetheless permits an axial movement of the tool with respect to the drive shaft.

The above and other characteristics will be further elucidated in the detailed description below of a number of alternative embodiments.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 shows an axial section of a device according to the invention which is embodied as an electrical hand tool.

FIG. 2 shows a tension-deflection characteristic of an elastic member proposed according to the invention.

FIG. 3 shows an axial section corresponding to FIG. 1 of a part of the device on an enlarged scale.

FIG. 4 shows a cross section view according to line IV--IV in FIG. 3.

FIGS. 5a and 5b show a cross section corresponding to FIG. 3 of two versions of a part of the device on an enlarged scale.

FIG. 6 shows a cross section view according to the line VI--IV in FIG. 5a.

FIG. 7 shows a cross section corresponding to FIG. 3 of a fourth version of a part of the device on an enlarged scale.

FIG. 8 shows a cross section view according to the line VIII--VIII in FIG. 7.

FIG. 9 shows a longitudinal section of a part of the device of FIG. 1 according to a fifth version on an enlarged scale.

FIG. 10 shows a cross section corresponding to FIG. 9 of a part of the device according to a sixth version, however with portions of the housing of the device shown cut away.

FIG. 11 shows a longitudinal section corresponding to FIG. 9 according to a seventh version of the device according to the invention.

FIG. 12 shows a cross section according to the line XII--XII in FIG. 11.

FIG. 13 shows a longitudinal section corresponding to FIG. 11 of a part of the device on an enlarged scale, in which a different tool holding means is shown.

FIG. 14 shows a cross section corresponding to FIG. 1, in which the air intake and outlet openings are disposed differently in the housing in order to achieve a different cooling air flow.

FIG. 15 shows a view of the front pan of an electric hand tool provided with dust removal means suited to a device from FIG. 14.

FIG. 16 shows an axial cross section corresponding to FIG. 1 of an electric hand tool according to an eighth version having two drive motors.

FIG. 17 shows a top view of a part of the device of FIG. 16 according to the line XVII--XVII.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

Reference number 1 indicates the housing of an electric drilling tool which comprises in the usual way aelectric motor 2, for instance the collector type, and also cooperating with thedrive shaft 3 is transmission 4 in the form of a double gear wheel drive and atool spindle 5. A tool (not shown) can be fastened at the free end of thetool spindle 5 in arbitrary manner. At the opposite inner end of thetool spindle 5 an extension thereof there is included apercussion body 6 which is movable through slide bearings 7 to and fro in thehousing 1 in a freely slidable way. The driving of thepercussion body 6 for engendering reciprocating movement thereof is possible by means of adriving body 8 with an associatedelastic member 9, whereof the construction and the operation will be further elucidated hereinbelow.

It should be mentioned in this connection that according to the known embodiments for hand tools, the housing is provided with ahandgrip 10 in which a switch 11 is mounted for the empowerment and switching off of theelectric motor 2. The operation and the function of the switch 11 forms no part of the invention and is assumed known, as is equally the principal operation of theelectric motor 2 for driving thetool spindle 5 through the transmission 4.

There now follows a description of the driving of thepercussion body 6 by means of thedrive member 8 andelastic member 9. To that end reference is also made to the cross section on enlarged scale according to FIG. 3.

On theintermediate shaft 12 of the transmission,drive member 8 is supported, the manner of support being modified according to the embodiment ofdrive member 8.Drive member 8 can extend a fixed angle deviating from 90 degrees with respect to the center line ofintermediate shaft 12, this and other matters being so arranged thatelastic member 9, in the form of a plate to be described in further detail hereinbelow, similarly extends an angle deviating from 90 degrees to the center line ofintermediate shaft 12. On rotation of theshaft 12drive member 8 withelastic plate 9 will therefore come to acquire a rocking motion which extends between position A (drawn with sold lines in FIG. 1) and position B (drawn with broken lines). It is observed thereby thatplate 9 is mounted rotatably ondrive member 8, so thatplate 9 undergoes an exclusively reciprocating motion, whiledrive member 8 rotates together withshaft 12. The connection betweendrive member 8 andshaft 12 is brought about via an axial claw coupling, whereofmember 13 is fixed firmly to drivemember 8, andmember 14 is slidable with asleeve 15. Sleeve 15 has a passage opening withinternal toothing 16, which cooperates with toothing 17 onshaft 12, which toothing 17 engages withgear wheel 18 oftool spindle 5. Moreover,shaft 12 is provided with ashoulder 18, compression spring 19 being held betweenshoulder 18 andsleeve 15.

It is further observed thattool spindle 5 is mounted to a certain extent axially slidably in the bearing of the housing, so that on the impression of tool spindles in the direction of arrow Pl,gear wheel 18 is carried therewith to the right, which slides sleeve 15 along to the right and causesmember 14 of the dog clutch to engage withmember 13 and thus withdrive member 8.

The elastic plate-shaped member 9 has a bushing through whichpercussion body 6 is freely movably housed, whereby it is to be understood thatbody 6 displays anotch 20 at the level of the plate. Into this notch projectstongue 21 of plate 9 (see FIG. 4), this and other matters being so arranged that on reciprocating motion ofplate 9 from Position A to position B, and vice versa,tongue 21 thrusts against the end faces ofnotch 20, through whichpercussion body 6 is carried in a retarded manner along with the motion ofplate 9. The dimensioning of the stroke ofplate 9 is such thatpercussion body 6 repeatedly hits against the free end oftool spindle 5, whereby a hammering effect results.

The working of the device described above is therefore as follows: asdrive shaft 3 is made to rotate, theintermediate shaft 12 will be brought into rotation through the first gear wheel transmission, whichintermediate shaft 12 causes via the second gear wheel transmission,gear wheel 18 to rotate and thereby rotatetool spindle 5; whentool spindle 5 is impressed, which occurs through the placing of the tool against the workpiece, the shaft is pushed into thehousing 1, through whichdog clutch 13 and 14 come into action andplate 9 will undergo a reciprocating motion. This will causepercussion body 6 to move to and from inhousing 1 and repeatedly strike againsttool spindle 5, through which the combined rotary and percussion drilling effect is brought about.

In the above described embodiment, a non-linear spring characteristic is obtained simply by adopting a relatively stiff plate as theelastic member 9.

This and other matters are shown in the force-distance curve in FIG. 2, wherein the deflection S of the elastic member is shown horizontally and the associated force K is shown on the vertical axis. Sincespring plate 9 has a normal linear spring characteristic, this characteristic can be indicated by straight line 24. This straight line intersects the horizontal line at point A, which indicates the one position ofspring plate 9 with respect to notch 20, of which the longitudinal dimension corresponds to the line segment AB. The linear characteristic will continue on the left-hand side of the vertical axis in the system of FIG. 2 according to straight line 25. On account of the stepped form of line 24 and 25, the desired non-linear characteristic is obtained, which is necessary for the special working of the device according to the invention. With a lessstiff plate 9, a more strongly inclining characteristic will be obtained, as is indicated by the lines 24' and 25' respectively.

In particular embodiments it can be advantageous to arrange a second elastic plate next toelastic plate 9, as is indicated by 26 in FIG. 1. The second elastic plate 26 (see also FIGS. 3 and 4) has a more pliant spring characteristic and therefore a lower spring constant thanplate 9. In the interval AB the spring characteristic indicated by lines 24" and 25" will, for example, be followed untilplate 9 cooperates. The lines 24" and 25" intersect the S axis at points C and D. The distance CD is the clearance between the spring systems and notch 20 ofpercussion body 6. A construction of the kind will at least cause the sharp angle between the segments BA and 24 to take a smoother course, as is indicated by-line segment 27. If there is also asecond spring plate 26 arranged to the right side ofplate 9, this smoothed course can equally be brought about on the left-hand side of the vertical axis of the system in FIG. 2 according to line .[.27.]. .Iadd.27'. .Iaddend.

The embodiment according to FIG. 3 departs from that in FIG. 1 insofar as thatdog clutch 13 and 14 is omitted in this instance. Thedrive body 8 is shaped here in the form of a rounded rectangular shoulder with respect toshaft 12 tiltable bush, which is clasped firmly mountedcollar 28 between a onshaft 12 with anoblique thrust surface 29 and a freelyslidable sleeve 30 with respect toshaft 12, also with anoblique thrust surface 31. The thrust surfaces 28 and 31 lie mutually parallel to each other.

Thesleeve 30, is in the manner described hereinabove according to FIG. 1, and is similarly moveable toward the right bygear wheel 18 in opposition to the pressure ofcompression spring 15. When thegear wheel 18 is moved toward the right, the thrust surfaces 29 and 31 will hence be moved toward each other, so thatdrive member 8 is set into a position deviating from 90 degrees with respect toshaft 12. In this way theelastic plate 9 will similarly be made to incline in a position between the extremes A, B in FIG. 1.

It is also observed thatplate 9 is mounted with respect to drivemember 8 by means of aradial ball bearing 32. To thatend plate 9 is fastened between twonormal spring washers 33 on the outer ring of theball bearing housing 32. In a corresponding way, anoptional spring plate 26 is mounted.

The FIGS. 5a, 5b and 6 show an alternative embodiment of the driving mechanism for theprecussion body 6. Identical components are indicated by the same reference numerals.

Noteworthy is the form ofspring plate 9 as an elastic body. Asecond spring plate 26 is not used here, but plate .[.2b.]. .Iadd.9 .Iaddend.is executed with a circuitous-shaped ormeandering tongue 35, of which there are two arranged on each opposing side ofPlate 9, such that a lower spring constant is brought about. The extremity of the tongue again projects intonotch 20 inPercussion body 6.

Theplate 9 is here too clamped between twospring washers 33 on the outer race of a radial ball bearing. The radial ball bearing is fastened to drivebody 8, which is arranged tiltably with respect tointermediate shaft 12. Thedrive body 8 is tilted by means of a slidingbushing 15, which is now provided with a radially directed steering surface 31', which cooperates with a radially inward facing steeringsurface 36 of drivingmember 8. Through the movement ofbushing 15 toward the right against the pressure of a compression spring, steeringsurface 31 will come into contact with steeringsurface 35 andcause member 8 to tilt. Through thisplate 9 acquires an angle deviating from 90 degrees with respect tointermediate shaft 12 andplate 9 can rock to and from between the two extreme positions A and B in the manner described above. The extremities of thetongues 35 will deflect out of the plane ofplate 9, through which a lower spring constant results. Hence the line 24'/25' in FIG. 2 can be achieved.

FIG. 5b departs from the embodiment according to FIG. 5a with respect to the mounting ofplate 9 in relation to drivemember 8. To that end, use is not made of theradial ball bearing 32, but of anaxial thrust bearing 37, whereby eachball bearing 39 is mounted betweenplate 9 and on the one side an axial wall member 40 ofdrive member 8 and on the other side,ring 41. Thering 41 is mounted on a reduced portion of thedrive member 8 by means of a spring washer 42. The drive member is here, similarly corresponding to FIG. 5a, tiltable by means ofsleeve 15, which is slidable to the right.

FIGS. 7 and 8 show that the elastic member in the form of astiff plate 9 cooperates with a specially shapedspring Plate 26, which is made more pliable in comparison to the spring plate in FIG. 4. Through this sharper transitions results at the points A and B of the spring tension-deflection characteristic in the system according to FIG. 2.

In thisembodiment drive member 8 is executed with abearing ring 43 arranged directly on the intermediate shaft, around which ring a second bearing ring 44 is mounted whereof the outersurface displays portion 45, whereof the center line forms an angle with that of the drilled hole in theshell 43. In this way aradial ball bearing 32 arranged on thisouter surface 35 can adopt an oblique position with respect to theintermediate shaft 12, and thespring plate 9 which is mounted in the manner according to FIG. 5a.

In this embodiment the clutch betweenintermediate shaft 12 and drivebody 8 is absent. The hammering operation ofpercussion body 6 can be inactivated by fixing this body in the drawn position, for example by passing a pin 6' through a hole in the slide bearing 7 into thepercussion body 6.

FIG. 9 shows an embodiment in whichpercussion body 6 is not accommodated in a sliding support inhousing 1 but is suspended in twoparallel spring plates 46. The lower end of eachplate 46 is fastened in asupport 47 of thehousing 1. The free upper end of eachplate 46 is firmly secured topercussion body 6. A displacement ofpercussion body 6 to the right or to the left respectively in FIG. 9, results in a translation ofpercussion body 6, one of the end positions being drawn in the FIG. 9, in this instance in contact with the free end oftool shaft 5.

To thisembodiment percussion body 6 is not made with a notch but with two projections 20' which are arranged at a distance from each other. In the space between the projections 20', atongue 21 ofplate 9 can project. In this embodiment the plate is provided on both sides with aspring plate 26. It is clear that the forms of bothplate 9 and ofplate 26 may correspond to the plate forms described above and shown in the preceding figures The mounting of theplates 9 and 26 respectively can take place in the same way as in the various other embodiments.

Finally it is observed thatshaft 12 fordrive body 8 is not coupled to the drive shaft ofmotor 2 by means of a first transmission, but through a tongue and groove coupling .[.40,.]. .Iadd.48, .Iaddend.so thatshaft 12 has the same rotation speed as themotor shaft 12. The coupling is located at the position of the first motor bearing 49, this and other details being such that assembly or disassembly of themotor 2 can take place without it being necessary to dismantleshaft 12.

FIG. 10 shows an embodiment in whichpercussion body 6 is guided in an axial blind drilledhole 50 in the tool spindle. The end ofpercussion body 6 projecting outside the drilledhole 50displays notch 20, into whichtongue 21 ofspring plate 9 projects. The spring plate is turned over at a central portion .[.21.]. to form sleeve 51 in which groove 52 is arranged. In groove 52 a ball cage 53 can be accommodated which similarly runs in asloping ball track 54 of thedrive body 8. Thedrive body 8 is mounted directly onto theshaft 3 coming from themotor 2 by means of tworadial ball bearings 55 separated by a mutual distance.

Themotor shaft 3 is made with atoothed end portion 17 which cooperates with thegear wheel 18. Thetoothed portion 17 similarly engages with the slidableclutch member 14 of a dog clutch which cooperates with aclutch member 13 ofdrive member 8. Thepart 14 of dog clutch can be moved to the right or to the left respectively by any arbitrary means, for example by a separate actuation means 55, in order to bring about the coupling betweenshaft 3 and drivemember 8.

It is further observed that a slip coupling in the form of a ball clutch is arranged betweengear wheel 18 andtool spindle 5. Thegear wheel 18 is mounted freely rotatable ontool spindle 5 between two fixed rings, 56 and 57 respectively. Aslidable ring 58 can be pushed, owing to axial splines on the outside oftool spindle 5 and on the inside ofring 58 respectively, in the direction of the left side face ofgear wheel 18 by means of a packet ofcupped spring washers 59 which abut against the ring 57. Held ingear wheel 18 areballs 60 which are each pressed byring 58 into one chamber ofgear wheel 18. The ring is provided with ball-receiving pits.

On normal loading the force will be transmitted viagear wheel 18, ball friction clutch andring 58 totool spindle 5. On overloading,ting 58 will be moved to the left against the resistance of the cupped spring washers, wherebyballs 60 are forced out of their pits inring 58, wherebygear wheel 18 can turn freely with respect toring 58. The construction shown offers the advantage thatpercussion mechanism 6 operates independently of the friction safety clutch.

FIGS. 11 and 12 show a following embodiment in which the rotating drive of a tool can be inactivated while the percussion mechanism remains in operation. To thatend tool spindle 5 is provided with aportion 60 with external splines, upon which is arranged a slidable ring withinternal splines 61. In thisway ring 61 is slidable in an axial direction with respect tospindle 5, but remains non-rotatable in respect thereof. On the side facinggear wheel 18ring 61 is provided with dowels 62, which can engage with recesses in the side face ofgear wheel 18. When the dowels 62 fall into these recesses,gear wheel 18 is non-rotatable with respect toring 61. A compression spring is held between awall member 63 of thehousing 1 andring 61.

At the top ofhousing 1 there is mounted a hand-operable rotary knob which is turnable around a vertical axis. On the underside of the knob there is arranged pin 66, which projects into an annular groove ofring 61.

Through the turning of knob 65 from the position shown in the drawing through an angle of 180 degrees, pin 66 will move to the right in FIG. 11, taking with it ring 61 in opposition to the pressure ofcompression spring 64. In that position the dowels 62 come to lie free ofgear wheel 18, whencegear wheel 18 is freely rotatable with respect to ring 61 and hence freely rotatable with respect totool spindle 5.

The other parts of the transmission agree with those described in the embodiment according to FIG. 1.

On the starting of themotor 2 in the shown situation, a rotational motion is impacted totool spindle 5, since theintermediate shaft 12 bringsgear wheel 18 into rotation, which transmits the rotational motion to ring 61 and thus totool spindle 5. Thedrive member 8 comes into operation in the manner described hereinabove as soon astool spindle 5 is moved towards the right in FIG. 11, whence clutch 13 and 14 are engaged and drivemember 8 withplate 9 connected thereto acquires a rocking motion. This rocking motion is translated into a reciprocating motion of thepercussion body 6.

If only a percussive motion is required, knob 65 may be turned around, through whichring 61 is moved to the right and the coupling betweenring 61 andgear wheel 18 does not occur even whentool spindle 5 is impressed to the right. The rotary motion ofintermediate shaft 12 is translated only into a driving ofdrive member 8 and the reciprocating motion ofplate 9 and thus ofpercussion body 6. Thegear wheel 18 revolves thereby freely ontool spindle 5 andtool spindle 5 will exert exclusively a hammering effect.

It is observed thatnotch 20 inpercussion body 6 is located on the underside or on the side facing theintermediate shaft 12, so thatplate 9 extends exclusively on the underside ofpercussion body 6. Here twospring plates 26 and 26' are arranged next toplate 9, aU-shaped fissure 68 being arranged for greater elasticity in one or both plates, whereby the spring length is increased.

In this embodiment an indication is also made of how the tool, for example a drill-bit G, should preferably be held. This may be with the known drill receiving device, which is screwed onto a screw thread oftool spindle 5. This holder device consists of acentral part 70, around which a threadedpart 71 is mounted. At the front ofcentral part 70 and inside threadedpart 71, wedge shapedjaws 72 are placed, whereof the inward facingparts 73 fall into recesses in the shank of the drill-bit G. The length of theparts 73 is less than the length of the recess in the drill-bit G, so that the drill-bit can undergo a certain axial movement with respect to the receiving apparatus, while nonetheless a rotary motion can be transmitted. In this way it is possible to mount the end face of the drill shank G directly against the end face of too spindles, so that the percussive energy is delivered from thepercussion body 6 viatool spindle 5 directly to the drill-bit G.

An alternative embodiment of the holder head is shown in FIG. 13, in which the portion oftool spindle 15 protrudingform housing 1 is executed with regularly around the circumference hollowed outparts 75, into whichroller bodies 76 fit. These lie enclosed (in both the axial and in the radial sense) in therecesses 75.Tool spindle end 5 also carries a sleeve-like housing 76' withrecesses 77 similarly for the receiving of theroller bodies 76. The length of sleeve-like housing 76' is such that this can accommodate the shank end of the drill-bit G. This shank end is also made withrecesses 78 for the accepting ofroller bodies 79. The length ofrecess 78 is however here greater than that of thebodies 79, so that an axial movement of the shank G with respect toroller bodies 79 is possible, but not a radial movement. Theroller bodies 79 fit analogously to thebodies 75 intochambers 80 of sleeve 76'. Thebodies 75 and 79 respectively are held in their places by theappropriate rings 81 and 82 respectively which are mounted slidably on the outside of the sleeve 76'. Between the rings there is mounted acompression spring 83, which on the one hand ensures thatring 81 rests against ashoulder 84 of sleeve 76' and on the other hand ensures thatring 82 rests against the end face of acollar 85 mounted firmly on sleeve 76'. Thecollar 85 is, for instance, made of plastic material. For the fastening of thecollar 85 on the sleeve 76', the latter is provided with a groove-shapedrecess 86 in which a thickenededge 87 of the. collar locks grippingly. The sleeve 76' with the members supported thereby, can be removed from the end oftool spindle 5 by slidingting 81 to the left in opposition to the pressure of thecompression spring 83, whence theroller bodies 76 can be moved out of therecesses 75, whereafter sleeve 76' can be removed. The refitting takes place in reverse manner.

The shank of drill-bit G can be fitted in a similar way by slidingring 82 to the right in opposition to the pressure ofspring 83.

For the purposes of protection,ring 82 may also be provided with askirt part 88 extending over thecompression spring 83 and partly overring 81.

It is to be preferred that the percussion mechanism is cooled, to which end amotor housing 1 is normally provided with cooling are openings (see FIG. 1). According to the present invention it is recommended that the cooling air is passed forcibly along the percussion mechanism and that use is thereby made of the blade wheel 90 already present onelectric motor 2. This twin blade wheel 90 serves for the usual cooling of theelectric motor 2, but now also, after the making of appropriately disposed passage openings in themotor housing 1, for the creation of a cooling air stream along the percussion mechanism. To that end, in a partition 91 of thehousing 1 there is made apassage opening 92, behind which afilter 93 is situated. Similarly there is made beneath the motor bearing a passage opening 94 (see FIG. 1) through which a cooling air stream results following arrows P2 and P3 along the percussion mechanism and themotor 2 respectively. The air stream can be discharged via theoutlet opening 95. The intake of the air normally takes place through slit-shaped openings in thehandgrip 10 of thehousing 1.

FIG. 14 give a divergent configuration, in which on the underside of thehousing 1 there is placed anintake opening 97. Owing to thisopening 97, it is possible to carry the air stream via the percussion mechanism andpassage opening 92, directly tomotor 2 and to discharge the air stream through anoutlet opening 95. In this embodiment passage opening 94 is absent.

Theopening 97 is excellently suited for the attachment of a flexible tube, as is shown in FIG. 15. Thisflexible tube 98 is connected to ahandgrip 100 which is fastened in the usual way by means of a mounting ring to thehousing 1. Thehandgrip 100 is made hollow and comprises adust bag 101, which is arranged freely inside the handgrip. The dust bag extends from bottom to top and is firmly mounted on the central intake opening 102 inside the handgrip, which stands in connection with a secondflexible tube 103. This flexible tube leads to adrill foot 104, which may be joined in known fashion with the handgrip throughrod 105. Dust produced by drilling can be led through thehollow drill foot 104 and thetube 103 into thedust bag 101, the air stream being engendered by the fan 90 of the electric motor.

FIGS. 16 and 17 show an embodiment in which the hammer and rotary drilling apparatus is provided with two drivingmotors 2 and 2', whereofmotor 2 serves for the bringing into rotation oftool spindle 5 by way oftransmission 110.Tool spindle 5 is mounted in abushing 111 which is rotatably held by rollingbearings 112 inhousing 1 of the machine. Thebushing 111 is provided withgear wheel 18 which cooperates with the pinion of the shaft ofmotor 2. Thebushing 111 moreover accommodatespercussion body 6, such that the end face ofpercussion body 6 can come into contact with the end face oftool spindle 5.

The motor 2' serves for the driving of a percussion body, to which end the motor drives via afirst transmission 113, anintermediate shaft 12 which is mounted by means of rollingbearing 114 in thehousing 1. The side oftransmission 113 remote from theintermediate shaft 12 is provided with concentric disc 115,concentric pin 116 being mounted by means of rollingbearing 117 indrive member 118. The drive member has in top view a triangular form (see FIG. 17) and is so positioned that the top angle of the triangle is disposed towardspercussion body 6. Along each side of the triangle there is mounted anelastic member 9 in the form of astrip spring 119 to thedrive member 118 which can take place in arbitrary fashion, for example using screws 120.

At the side close topercussion body 6, the end of each strip spring is similarly fastened to atriangular body 121, of which the form corresponds to that ofdrive member 118. The fastening similarly takes place by means ofscrews 120. Thetriangular member 121 is provided withpin 122, onto which a fork-shapedend part 123 ofpercussion member 6 grips rotatably. Also coupled to pin 122 is atransverse guide member 124, which member is slidably conducted along parallel guide bars 125. The bars are firmly mounted inhousing 1.

In thisembodiment drive member 118 is mounted rotatably around a motor shaft or a shaft cooperating therewith, which drive member so loads a pair ofelastic members 119 that on the actuation of motor 2' and as a consequence ofconcentric members 115 and 116, the distance between themembers 118 and 121 is repeatedly enlarged and reduced. This causes a flexing offlexible members 119, which members uncoil against the flanks oftriangular members 118 and 121, which results in a non-linear spring characteristic. Thepercussion body 6, which is held freely slidable inhousing 1, follows the reciprocating motion ofdrive member 118 in a delayed manner, such that the strip springs 119 are stretched to a greater or lesser extent. Thepercussion body 6 thereby repeatedly reaches the end face oftool spindle 5, which can be bought into rotation by the empowerment ofmotor 2.

The above described device can therefore have three functions, namely rotary drilling only, hammering only or a combination of hammer and rotary drilling. In the last case the full power of the two motors can be utilized, which results in a doubling of the power in comparison to the other embodiments.

While the preferred embodiments have been described, variations thereto will occur to those skilled in the art within the scope of the present inventive concept which are delineated by the claims which follow. The invention is not restricted to the embodiments described hereinabove.

Claims (33)

We claim:

1. Apparatus for driving a percussion tool provided with a spindle held rotatably in a housing, said spindle having a first end and a second end, the first end is suitable for fastening to said tool and the second end is accessible to an oscillating percussion body movable .Iadd.in opposite direction .Iaddend.in said housing by means of a guideway, a rotatable driving shaft actuates said percussion body by a transmission, said transmission .[.being Provided with means for conversion of the rotary motion of the drive shaft into.]. .Iadd.including .Iaddend.an oscillatory .[.motion of an associated.]. drive member, said drive member joining said percussion body through an associated elastic member having .[.non-linear.]. .Iadd.linear .Iaddend.spring attributes, characterized in that said .[.drive member has.]. .Iadd.elastic member is .Iaddend.a plate-like member, .[.said drive member is mounted on the drive shaft,.]. said elastic member is operatively connected to said .[.plate-like.]. .Iadd.drive .Iaddend.member and is provided with a coupling means for engaging said percussion .[.body..]. .Iadd.body, said coupling means having a tongue of a selected thickness fastened to said plate-like member and which protrudes into an aperture extending in the direction of movement of the percussion body and formed on the percussion body thereby defining opposed faces on said body, said aperture having an axial dimension greater than the thickness of said tongue whereby a non-linear spring effect is achieved upon oscillatory motion of the drive member by reason of relative motion between said tongue and said opposed faces and alternate engagement of said tongue with said faces. .Iaddend..[.

2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said drive member is operatively mounted at, or can be adjusted to, an angle deviating 90 degrees from the center line of said drive shaft, said plate-like member being rotatably arranged on said drive member..]..[.

3. The apparatus of claim 2 wherein said coupling means has a tongue fastened to said plate-like member, which proturdes into an aperature, said aperture having a stroke direction, disposed in the percussion body..]..[.4. The apparatus of claim 3 wherein said aperature has in said stroke direction a larger diversion than the thickness of said

tongue..]. The apparatus of claim .[.3.]. .Iadd.1 .Iaddend.wherein .Iadd.said plate-like member is in the form of a circuitous-shaped spring arm having a free end adjacent said percussion body and .Iaddend.said tongue is .Iadd.at .Iaddend.the end of .[.a.]. .Iadd.the

.Iaddend.circuitous-shaped spring arm. .[.6. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said coupling means has a tongue fastened to said plate-like member, which protrudes into an aperature, said aperature having a stroke direction, disposed in the percussion body..]..[.7. The apparatus of claim 6 wherein said aperture has in said stroke direction a larger dimension than the thickness of said tongue..]..[.8. The apparatus of claim 6 wherein said tongue is the end of a circuitous-shaped spring arm..]..[.9. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said elastic body spring plate is arranged so that the spring constant is less than that of said elastic member..]..[.10. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said plate-like member is mounted rotatably on a drive member embodied around the axis as a support member..]..[.11. The apparatus of claim 10 wherein said support

member is mounted tiltably with respect to said axis..].12. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said percussion body is a pin freely movable with

respect to said housing. 13. The apparatus of claim 12 wherein said percussion body is held in .[.Place.]. .Iadd.place .Iaddend.by a plurality

of slide bearings supported by said housing. 14. The apparatus of claim 12 wherein said percussion body is suspended in said housing by means of one

or more spring strip members. 15. The apparatus of claim 14 wherein at least one pair of parallel spring strip members .[.are arranged around.].

.Iadd.is connected to .Iaddend.said percussion body. 16. The apparatus of claim 12 wherein said percussion body is accommodated in a drilled hole

made in said spindle. .[.17. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said drive member has a bearing motor shaft which has a coupling on the side of the driving motor..]..[.18. The apparatus of claim 17 wherein said coupling in said drive shaft is of the groove and tongue type and is arranged close to a supporting bearing..]..[.19. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein a coupling is incorporated between the drive element and the shaft that carries said drive element, said coupling capable of being engaged and released independently of the rotation of said drive shaft..]..[.20. The apparatus of claim 19 wherein said coupling can be actuated by means of an axial displacement of said spindle..]..[.21. The apparatus of claim 19 wherein said coupling is a slip clutch and is provided with a plurality of ball members..]..[.22. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said spindle is provided with a transmission gear wheel freely rotatable with respect thereto, and a hand-operated coupling is arranged between said spindle and said gear wheel..]..[.23. The apparatus of claim 22 wherein said coupling is embodied as a friction-slip clutch..]..[.24. The apparatus of claim 23 wherein one or more of the intake passageways is suitable for the receiving of an air conduit tube, said air conduit tube optionally provided with a filter..]..[.25. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said housing is divided into compartments by means of partitions wherein one or more partitions has a passageway for the venting of air, said air stream is a result of the blade wheel member of the electric motor..]..[.26. The apparatus of claim 25 wherein said blade wheel member is embodied in twin

form..].27. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said spindle has an end face and is provided with a holding device for said tool, which holding device is so disposed that said tool comes into direct contact with the end face

of the spindle. .[.28. The apparatus of claim 27 wherein said holding device is provided with coupling means for, at one side, said spindle and, at the other side, for said tool, which excludes a rotation, but permits an axial displacement..]..[.29. The apparatus of claim 28 wherein said coupling means are formed by roller bodies accommodated in recesses, whereof at least some of said recesses display an axial length which is

greater than the length of said roller bodies..].30. Apparatus for driving a combination drilling and percussion tool provided with a spindle held rotatably in a housing, said spindle having a first end and a second end, the first end is suitable for fastening to said tool and the second end is accessible to an oscillating percussion body movable .Iadd.in opposite directions .Iaddend.in said housing by means of a guideway, a rotatable driving shaft actuates said percussion body by a transmission, said transmission .[.being provided with means for conversion of the rotary motion of the drive shaft into.]. .Iadd.including .Iaddend.an oscillatory .[.motion of an associated.]. drive member, said drive member joining said percussion body through an associated elastic member having .[.non-linear.]. .Iadd.linear .Iaddend.spring attributes, characaterized in that said .[.drive member has.]. .Iadd.elastic member is .Iaddend.a plate-like member, .[.said drive member is mounted on the drive shaft,.]. said elastic member is operatively connected to said .[.plate-like.]. .Iadd.drive .Iaddend.member and is provided with a coupling means for engaging said percussion .[.body..]. .Iadd.body, said coupling means having a tongue of a selected thickness fastened to said plate-like member and which protrudes into an aperture extending in the direction of movement of the percussion body and formed on the percussion body thereby defining opposed faces on said body, said aperture having an axial dimension greater than the thickness of said tongue whereby a non-linear spring effect is achieved upon oscillatory motion of the drive member by reason of relative motion between said tongue and said opposed faces and

alternate engagement of said tongue with said faces. .[.31. The apparatus of claim 30 wherein said drive member is operatively mounted at, or can be adjusted to, an angle deviating 90 degrees from the center line of said drive shaft, said plat-like member being rotatably arranged on said drive member..]..[.32. The apparatus of claim 31 wherein said coupling means has a tongue fastened to said plate-like member, which protrudes into an aperture, said aperture having a stroke direction, disposed in the percussion body..]..[.33. The apparatus of claim 31 wherein said aperture has in said stroke direction a larger dimension than the thickness of said

tongue..].34. The apparatus of claim .[.31.]. .Iadd.30 .Iaddend.wherein .Iadd.said plate-like member is in the form of a circuitous-shaped spring arm having a free end adjacent said percussion body and .Iaddend.said tongue is .Iadd.at .Iaddend.the end of the .[.a.]. .Iadd.the

.Iaddend.circuitous-shaped spring arm. .[.35. The apparatus of claim 30 wherein said coupling means has a tongue fastened to said plate-like member, which protrudes into an aperature, said aperature having a stroke direction, disposed in the percussion body..]..[.36. The apparatus of claim 35 wherein said aperature has in said stroke direction a larger dimension than the thickness of said tongue..]..[.37. The apparatus of claim 35 wherein said tongue in the end of a circuitous-shaped spring arm..]..[.38. The apparatus of claim 30 wherein said elastic body spring plate is arranged so that the spring constant is less than that of said elastic member..]..[.39. The apparatus of claim 30 wherein said plate-like member is mounted rotatably on a drive member embodied around the axis as a support member..]..[.40. The apparatus of claim 39 wherein said support

member is mounted tiltably with respect to said axis..].41. The apparatus of claim 30 wherein said percussion body is a pin freely movable with

respect to said housing.42. The apparatus of claim 41 wherein said percussion body is held in place by a plurality of slide bearings

supported by said housing. 43. The apparatus of claim 41 wherein said percussion body is suspended in said housing by means of one or more

spring strip members. 44. The apparatus of claim 43 wherein at least one pair of parallel spring strip members .[.are arranged around.]. .Iadd.is

connected to .Iaddend.said percussion body. 45. The apparatus of claim 41 wherein said percussion body is accommodated in a drilled hole made in

said spindle. .[.46. The apparatus of claim 30 wherein said drive member has a bearing motor shaft which has a coupling on the side of the driving motor..]..[.47. The apparatus of claim 46 wherein said coupling in said drive shaft is of the groove and tongue type and is arranged close to a supporting bearing..]..[.48. The apparatus of claim 30 wherein a coupling is incorporated between the drive element and the shaft that carries said drive element, said coupling capable of being engaged and released independently of the rotation of said drive shaft..]..[.49. The apparatus of claim 48 wherein said coupling can be actuated by means of an axial displacement of said spindle..]..[.50. The apparatus of claim 48 wherein said coupling is a slip clutch and is provided with a plurality of ball members..]..[.51. The apparatus of claim 30 wherein said spindle is provided with a transmission gear wheel freely rotatable with respect thereto, and a hand-operated coupling is arranged between said spindle and said gear wheel..]..[.52. Apparatus of claim 51 wherein said coupling is embodied as a friction-slip clutch..]..[.53. The apparatus of claim 30 wherein said housing is divided into compartments by means of partitions characterized in that one or more partitions has a passageway for the venting of air, said air stream is a result of the blade wheel member of the electric motor..]..[.54. The apparatus of claim 53 wherein said blade wheel member is embodied in twin form..]..[.55. The apparatus of claim 54 wherein one or more of the intake passageways is suitable for the

receiving of an.].56. The apparatus of claim 30 wherein said spindle has an end face and is provided with a holding device for said tool, which holding device is so disposed that said tool comes into direct contact

with the end face of the spindle. .[.57. The apparatus of claim 56 wherein said holding device is provided with coupling means for, at one side, said spindle and, at the other side, for said tool, which excludes a rotation, but permits an axial displacement..]..[.58. The apparatus of claim 57 wherein said coupling means are formed by roller bodies accommodated in recesses, whereof at least some of said recesses display an axial length which is greater than the length of said roller

bodies..]..Iadd.59. A device for driving a drilling and percussion tool provided with a spindle rotatably held in a housing, said spindle having one end suitable for fastening to the tool and a second end accessible to an oscillating percussion body movable in the housing substantially in an axial direction with respect to the spindle by support means in the housing, a rotatable drive shaft for bringing the spindle into rotation and the percussion body into motion via a transmission, said transmission being provided with an oscillating drive member, an elastic member having linear spring attributes and including a distal portion and another portion mounted on the oscillating drive member such that rotation of said drive shaft causes rocking of said distal portion, means coupling said distal portion of the elastic member to said percussion body such that rocking of the elastic member imparts generally axial oscillatory movement to said percussion body, said coupling means also permitting limited relative movement between said distal portion and said percussion body in a direction generally axially of the percussion body whereby a non-linear spring effect is achieved by reason of the coupling engagement between said distal portion and said percussion body and by reason of the relative movement between said distal portion and said percussion

body..Iaddend..Iadd.60. A device for driving a drilling and percussion tool provided with a spindle rotatably held in a housing, said spindle having one end suitable for fastening to the tool and a second end accessible to an oscillating percussion body movable in the housing substantially in an axial direction with respect to the spindle by support means in the housing, a rotatable drive shaft for bringing the spindle into rotation and the percussion body into motion via a transmission, said transmission being provided with an oscillating drive member, an elastic member having linear spring attributes and including a distal portion and another portion mounted on the oscillating drive member such that rotation of said drive shaft causes rocking of said distal portion, one of said percussion body and said distal portion being provided with first and second formations spaced axially in relation to said percussion body and defining a space therebetween, the other of said distal portion of said elastic member and said percussion body having a part thereof received within said space and having a thickness substantially less than the actual distance between said first and second formations whereby rocking movement of said distal portion causes generally axial oscillating movement of said percussion body and achieves a non-linear spring effect by reason of alternate engagement between said distal portion and said first and second formations and relative movement between said distal

portion and said first and second formations..Iaddend..Iadd.61. The device according to claim 60 wherein said first and second formations are defined by the ends of an axially elongated notch formed in said

percussion body..Iaddend..Iadd.62. The device according to claim 61 wherein said distal portion of the elastic member including a tongue received between said first and second formations for alternately engaging said formation upon rocking movement of the elastic

member..Iaddend..Iadd. 3. The device according to claim 60 wherein said first and second formations are defined by projections extending from said

percussion body..Iaddend..Iadd.64. The device according to claim 62 wherein said distal portion of the elastic member includes a tongue received between said first and second formations for alternately engaging said formations upon rocking movement of the elastic member..Iaddend..Iadd.65. A device for driving a drilling and percussion tool provided with a spindle rotatable held in a housing, said spindle having one end suitable for fastening to a tool and a second end accessible to an oscillating percussion body movable in the housing substantially in an axial direction with respect to the spindle by support means in the housing, said percussion body having axially spaced and aligned first and second formations defining a space therebetween, a rotatable drive shaft for bringing the spindle into rotation and the percussion body into motion via a transmission, said transmission being provided with an oscillating drive member, an elastic member having linear spring attributes and including a distal portion and another portion mounted on the oscillating drive member such that rotation of said drive shaft causes rocking of said distal portion, said distal portion of said elastic member including a formation received between said first and second formations and having a thickness substantially less than the axial distance between said first and second formations, wherein a non-linear spring effect is achieved as said elastic member is rocked causing said formation on said distal portion to move relative to said percussion body and thus alternately engage said first and second formations on said percussion body in imparting substantially axial reciprocating movement to

the precussion body..Iaddend..Iadd.66. The device according to claim 65 wherein said elastic member is in the form of a spring plate, said plate having an opening in its distal end positioned to receive said percussion body, said plate opening defining a tongue constituting said formation on

said distal end portion of the elastic member. .Iadd.67. The device according to claim 66 wherein said first and second formations are defined by an axially elongated notch forming opposed surface in said percussion body..Iaddend..Iadd.68. The device according to claim 66 wherein said first and second formations are defined by projections extending from said percussion body..Iaddend.

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