BACKGROUNDIn the world of social networking, some users may be interested in publishing geographically-based information, i.e., location information, about themselves. Location information may be information in the context of a given location, which could be about the location itself, but not necessarily. Such information may vary, including dynamic information. For example, as a person walks through a neighborhood, that person may want to let friends know their current location. A person sitting in a café, may want to know who else in the area may share the same interests. A business may want to know the statistics about people going to a certain location during a certain time. However, making this type of information available to any user raises issues of privacy and scalability. Privacy issues may arise for users that want to limit who can view their geographic information. Scalability issues arise from attempting to make available, to an individual user, a potentially overwhelming volume of information.
SUMMARYThe following presents a simplified summary of the innovation in order to provide a basic understanding of some aspects described herein. This summary is not an extensive overview of the claimed subject matter. It is intended to neither identify key or critical elements of the claimed subject matter nor delineate the scope of the subject innovation. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts of the claimed subject matter in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is presented later.
The claimed subject matter provides a system and method for publishing, and collecting, location information. Entities, such as users, may publish location information to a cloud service that broadcasts the location information to associates of the user, or strangers to the user. Associates may include friends or buddies. The location information may include physical coordinates of the user, along with other information specified by the user. For associates with whom the user has a relationship, the location information may include private information about the user. The cloud service may also broadcast the location information to other users with an interest in a region where the user is located. These users may receive such location information by subscribing to regions of interest. Privacy protections may enable the user to restrict what information is viewable to which users.
The following description and the annexed drawings set forth in detail certain illustrative aspects of the claimed subject matter. These aspects are indicative, however, of a few of the various ways in which the principles of the innovation may be employed and the claimed subject matter is intended to include all such aspects and their equivalents. Other advantages and novel features of the claimed subject matter will become apparent from the following detailed description of the innovation when considered in conjunction with the drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGSFIG. 1 is a block diagram of a system of entities in accordance with the claimed subject matter;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a system in accordance with the claimed subject matter;
FIG. 3 is a process flow diagram of a method for processing location information in accordance with the claimed subject matter;
FIG. 4 is a message flow diagram for a client to publish location information to associates of a user in accordance with the claimed subject matter;
FIG. 5 is a message flow diagram for a client to publish location information to strangers in accordance with the claimed subject matter;
FIG. 6 is a block diagram of an exemplary networking environment wherein aspects of the claimed subject matter can be employed; and
FIG. 7 is a block diagram of an exemplary operating environment for implementing various aspects of the claimed subject matter.
DETAILED DESCRIPTIONThe claimed subject matter is described with reference to the drawings, wherein like reference numerals are used to refer to like elements throughout. In the following description, for purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the subject innovation. It may be evident, however, that the claimed subject matter may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form in order to facilitate describing the subject innovation.
As utilized herein, the terms “component,” “system,” “client” and the like are intended to refer to a computer-related entity, either hardware, software (e.g., in execution), and/or firmware, or a combination thereof. For example, a component can be a process running on a processor, an object, an executable, a program, a function, a library, a subroutine, and/or a computer or a combination of software and hardware.
By way of illustration, both an application running on a server and the server can be a component. One or more components can reside within a process and a component can be localized on one computer and/or distributed between two or more computers. The term “processor” is generally understood to refer to a hardware component, such as a processing unit of a computer system.
Furthermore, the claimed subject matter may be implemented as a method, apparatus, or article of manufacture using standard programming and/or engineering techniques to produce software, firmware, hardware, or any combination thereof to control a computer to implement the disclosed subject matter. The term “article of manufacture” as used herein is intended to encompass a computer program accessible from any non-transitory computer-readable device, or media.
Non-transitory computer-readable storage media can include but are not limited to magnetic storage devices (e.g., hard disk, floppy disk, and magnetic strips, among others), optical disks (e.g., compact disk (CD), and digital versatile disk (DVD), among others), smart cards, and flash memory devices (e.g., card, stick, and key drive, among others). In contrast, computer-readable media generally (i.e., not storage media) may additionally include communication media such as transmission media for wireless signals and the like.
Of course, those skilled in the art will recognize many modifications may be made to this configuration without departing from the scope or spirit of the claimed subject matter. Moreover, the word “exemplary” is used herein to mean serving as an example, instance, or illustration. Any aspect or design described herein as “exemplary” is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other aspects or designs.
In one embodiment using social networking environments, people may view information about other people in their own geographical regions, or in regions to which the user subscribes. Additionally, people may publish information about themselves to others, who may be in the region, or interested in the region. For example, people may publish their current location in the region. Such an embodiment may implicate issues of privacy. Specifically, people may prefer to limit what information about themselves others are allowed to view.
For example, even in the social networking environment, most people are strangers to each other. As such, there may not be explicit relationships between people who want to share information about a geographical region.
It is noted that social networking environments are not limited to people. Many applications, e.g., software applications, may be incorporated into these environments. As such, these applications may also use geographical information. For convenience, the terms entity is used herein to describe people, applications, and others in the social networking environment.
In one embodiment, relationships may be established between entities sharing a geographical region. This may enable the entities to share information about the geographical region. These relationships may be established using a proxy entity—the geographical region itself. The region may provide ways to discover entities, define permissions, and enable communications.
Establishing such relationships may implicate further issues of discoverability, communication, and scalability. Discoverability may be the ability to determine all the people currently located within a specific geographical region. Communication challenges may arise in connecting people who are strangers to each other. Further, there may be inherent scalability issues in creating relationships between groups of people that may number in the millions or higher.
In such an embodiment, the implicit relationships between entities in a given region may be used to establish explicit relationships. Additionally, the region entity may be used to provide a context to these relationships. Further, using the geographic entity may provide a way to handle the inherent scalability challenges.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of asystem100 of entities in accordance with the claimed subject matter. Thesystem100 may includeusers102,regions104, andapplications106. Eachuser102 may have explicit relationships with other users, e.g, associates, such as friends or buddies. An associate may be anotheruser102, that a first user specifically allows to see the first user's location.Users102 may define their associates using typical tools, such as, buddy lists and the like. Theusers102 who are not associates may be considered strangers. In one embodiment, thesystem100 may enable clients to publish their geographic location, see the locations of their associates, and receive location notifications of strangers in specifiedgeographic regions104. For privacy,users102 may restrict what, when, and for whom, published information is viewable. The geographic location may be, for example, specific latitude and longitude coordinates.
Theregions104 may be any geographical area of the earth's surface. Theregions104 may be defined according to: a gridding method, boundaries, or some other specification. Gridding methods may defineregions104 in rectangular shapes. In one embodiment, the entire surface of the earth may be gridded intorectangular regions104. In such an embodiment, eachregion104 may be defined by a pair of latitude and longitude coordinates. The first coordinate may represent a southwest corner, and the second coordinate may represent a northeast corner of theregion104. Alternatively, theregions104 may be defined according to boundaries, such as zip codes, geopolitical borders, etc. The areas included inregions104 may be generated and updated dynamically, based on specified rules, system conditions, or other preferences.
In some cases, it is useful to determine the region based on a user's current location. In such cases, the time needed to lookup which geographic region a location belongs to may be minimized by dividing the world uniformly and storing theregions104 in a 2D array. In another embodiment, theregions104 may be configured based on population data and stored in a tree structure, e.g, a quad tree or kd tree.
Theapplications106 may be software applications that use regional information. For example, theapplication106 may recommend restaurants based on the user's current location and published reviews of restaurants in that region.
The entities may subscribe to one ormore regions104. Subscribing to a region means the user is interested in receiving location and location-related information from all entities publishing locations in the subscribed-to region. Entities may also subscribe to an associates's location information.
Theregion104 that auser102 subscribes to is referred to herein as a subscription region. The subscription region may be defined by any pair of latitude and longitude coordinates.
Accordingly, when theusers102,applications106 publish information aboutspecific regions104, this information may be provided to the entities that subscribe to these regions. The information may be provided via a one-time update, or continuously, via a data stream.
The information provided is referred to herein as a location notification. The location notification may, in some cases, merely inform a first user that a second user is in aregion104 subscribed to by the second user. In other cases, the location notification may also include personal information, communications (e.g., texts), etc.
In one embodiment, theregions104 may be sized and located so an average subscription region covers most of the geographic region. A subscription region may be a region to which the user subscribes. A geographic region may be a region divided up for subscriptions. The difference between the subscription region and the geographic region may be that users may be interested in subscribing to regions different from predefined geographic regions. In such a case, the user may receive all notifications within this region. The user's client may then filter the notifications to limit the notifications only to the smaller subscribed to region.
For example, the user may select a subscription region by drawing a rectangle on a portion of a map. As such, the subscription region may include merely a portion of a geographic region represented as the region entity. In such a scenario, the user may receive notifications regarding the entire geographic region, but implement a filter on a client that limits the notifications viewed to the subscription region. This may be useful in population-dense areas, e.g., cities. If auser102 subscribes to a small portion of a region, most of the notifications from that geographic region will be of no interest to the user. In population-sparse areas like oceans, there are likely to be few publications. As such, it may be more efficient to send a subscriber notification of all the events in a large part of the ocean, even if most of them will be ignored.
Theregions104 may be sized and located so an average subscription region intersects as few geographic regions as possible. A new subscription may be made for every geographic region that a subscription region intersects, increasing the total load.
By subscribing to aregion104, these entities may create relationships with the other entities associated with the region, e.g., auser102 currently located in the region. Thesystem100 may define a set of available relationship types, and provide ways for the entities to manage relationships with other entities. The relationships types may define the types of information that the subscribing entity may receive. For example, one relationship type may enable the user to receive notifications about all other entities in this region based on specific metadata. The user may specify that they receive notifications regarding other users interested in hiking in Bellevue, Wash. Alternately, when sitting in a restaurant, the user may specify that they receive notifications about other users in the restaurant that like wine.
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of asystem200 in accordance with the claimed subject matter. In one embodiment, thesystem200 may track and display a map that includes points of interest that represent theusers102 in specifiedregions104. The points of interest may appear as set of dynamic points that appear, disappear, and change position. In some cases, notifications may be received whenusers102 leave the map. Search capabilities and metadata may be provided to enableusers102 to search and filter locations. In this way, theuser102 may merely findother users102 of interest. Thesystem200 may also include an application program interface (API) to enable interfaces with existing services that make use of location (e.g. Yelp, Craigslist, Match.com, Outlook). Additionally, thesystem200 may provide a location history. The location history may enable associates to see where auser102 has been, or plans to be.
Thesystem200 includesclients202, anetwork204, anotification service206, and alocation broadcasting service208. Theclients202 may be devices or client applications that send and receive regional information over thenetwork204. Theclients202 may include communications and computing devices, such as, mobile telephones, personal digital assistants, and desktop computers. Theclients202 may also include applications running on such devices. Thenetwork204 may be any communications network or collection of networks, such as, the Internet.
Theclients202 may include a set of APIs that interact with thenotification service206. Thenotification service206 may be a cloud service provided by a platform that theclient202 runs on. Thenotification service206 may be configured to facilitate communications between theclients202 and thenetwork204.
Thelocation broadcasting service208 may be another cloud service through which theclients202 may send and receive regional information. Thelocation broadcasting service208 may provide regional information to subscribers of specific regions, and maintain the subscriptions between theusers102 and theregions104.
As stated previously, such a system may produce a great deal of information for a single entity to process. Accordingly, relationships may be defined in ways that enable entities to limit the amount of information viewable. For example, theuser102 may prefer, instead of receiving information about all businesses in the region, merely information about the restaurants. The information available to any entity may be made available as a one-time update, e.g., request-response, or ongoing updates, e.g., an activity stream. For purposes of privacy, all or specific entities may be prevented from viewing one's information. For example, all entities may be prevented from seeing a private user's location while the private user is within a specified distance of their home.
The system may include functionality enabling theuser102 to publish their location, update privacy settings, subscribe/unsubscribe to regions104 (or associates), retrieve location notifications from associates, and retrieve location notifications from strangers in the user's subscription regions. Theuser102 may also remove herself from the location broadcasting service108. As such, the location broadcasting service108 stops sending location information about the removed user. Associates and strangers may receive notifications that location information is no longer available for the removed user. Strangers may also receive notifications regarding the removed user.
FIG. 3 is a process flow diagram of amethod300 for publishing location information in accordance with the claimed subject matter. In one embodiment, the location broadcasting service108 may perform themethod300.
Themethod300 begins atblock302, where the location broadcasting service108 may receive location information. The location information may be sent by auser102,application106, or other entity. The location information may include latitude, longitude coordinates. Additionally, the location information may include personal information theuser102 allows strangers to view. The location information may also include event or other information related to theuser102 sending the information. Events may be related to personal information, or merely represent a notification. For example, an event related to personal information may be a birthday party, anniversary, etc. Notification events may include notifications that another user is entering or leaving a region.
Atblock304, the location broadcasting service108 may identify the entities to be notified of the location information. The entities to be notified may include all associates. The entities may also includeusers102,applications106, etc., that are subscribing to the sending user's current region. As such, the location broadcasting service108 may, based on the location, determine theregion104 where theuser102 sending the information is located. In one embodiment, a persistent hash map may be used to determine the region. Once theregion104 is determined, the location broadcasting service108 may determine, using local or remote datastores, all the entities subscribing to the publishing user's current region.
Notifications to strangers or associates may be restricted based on relationship types, privacy settings, etc. Accordingly, the location broadcasting service108 may merely identify the strangers and associates that meet these restrictions. For example, strangers may be restricted to viewing location information aboutusers102 that are within theregion104 the strangers subscribe to. Strangers may be further restricted from viewing personal information (email address, user names, etc.) about the publishing user. In some cases, location notifications may only be sent to associates if the publishing user gives permission to the associate, and the associate specifically requests a location notification for theuser102. Similar restrictions may exist with regard to any of other entities. Atblock306, the location broadcasting service108 may send the location information to the identified entities.
FIGS. 4-5 are message flow diagrams for example location information scenarios in accordance with the claimed subject matter. The scenarios include publishing location information to associates, and publishing location to strangers.
FIG. 4 is a message flow diagram400 for aclient422B to publish location information to associates in accordance with the claimed subject matter. In this scenario,client422A is an associate ofclient422B.Client422A signs in and subscribes to the location ofclient422B.Client422B also signs in and allowsclient422A to receive location information forclient422B.Client422B publishes location and related information, such as a nickname and age.Client422A is notified of the information thatclient422B published.Client422B then removes himself from thelocation broadcasting service426A, andclient422A is notified thatclient422B is no longer publishing.
FIG. 5 is a message flow diagram500 for aclient522C to publish location information to strangers in accordance with the claimed subject matter.Client522B signs in and subscribes to a region (“Region #1”). Theclient522C signs in and allows location information to be published to strangers. Theclient522C then publishes location and related information fromRegion #1. The522A then signs in and subscribes toRegion #1. Theclient522A then receives a location notification for all users inRegion #1, includingclient522C. Theclient522C removes himself fromlocation broadcasting service526A, andclients522A and522B are notified thatclient522C is no longer publishing. Alternatively, theclient522C may remove himself from thelocation broadcasting service526A by signing out.
FIG. 6 is a block diagram of anexemplary networking environment600 wherein aspects of the claimed subject matter can be employed. Moreover, theexemplary networking environment600 may be used to implement a system and method of communicating with non-connected clients.
Thenetworking environment600 includes one or more client(s)610. The client(s)610 can be hardware and/or software (e.g., threads, processes, computing devices). As an example, the client(s)610 may be computers providing access to servers over acommunication framework640, such as the Internet.
Theenvironment600 also includes one or more server(s)620. The server(s)620 can be hardware and/or software (e.g., threads, processes, computing devices). The server(s)620 may include network storage systems. The server(s) may be accessed by the client(s)610.
One possible communication between aclient610 and aserver620 can be in the form of a data packet adapted to be transmitted between two or more computer processes. Theenvironment600 includes acommunication framework640 that can be employed to facilitate communications between the client(s)610 and the server(s)620.
The client(s)610 are operably connected to one or more client data store(s)650 that can be employed to store information local to the client(s)610. The client data store(s)650 may be located in the client(s)610, or remotely, such as in a cloud server. Similarly, the server(s)620 are operably connected to one or more server data store(s)630 that can be employed to store information local to theservers620.
With reference toFIG. 7, anexemplary operating environment700 is shown for implementing various aspects of the claimed subject matter. Theexemplary operating environment700 includes acomputer712. Thecomputer712 includes aprocessing unit714, asystem memory716, and asystem bus718.
Thesystem bus718 couples system components including, but not limited to, thesystem memory716 to theprocessing unit714. Theprocessing unit714 can be any of various available processors. Dual microprocessors and other multiprocessor architectures also can be employed as theprocessing unit714.
Thesystem bus718 can be any of several types of bus structure(s) including the memory bus or memory controller, a peripheral bus or external bus, and/or a local bus using any variety of available bus architectures known to those of ordinary skill in the art. Thesystem memory716 comprises non-transitory computer-readable storage media that includesvolatile memory720 andnonvolatile memory722.
The basic input/output system (BIOS), containing the basic routines to transfer information between elements within thecomputer712, such as during start-up, is stored innonvolatile memory722. By way of illustration, and not limitation,nonvolatile memory722 can include read only memory (ROM), programmable ROM (PROM), electrically programmable ROM (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), or flash memory.
Volatile memory720 includes random access memory (RAM), which acts as external cache memory. By way of illustration and not limitation, RAM is available in many forms such as static RAM (SRAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), double data rate SDRAM (DDR SDRAM), enhanced SDRAM (ESDRAM), SynchLink™ DRAM (SLDRAM), Rambus® direct RAM (RDRAM), direct Rambus® dynamic RAM (DRDRAM), and Rambus® dynamic RAM (RDRAM).
Thecomputer712 also includes other non-transitory computer-readable media, such as removable/non-removable, volatile/non-volatile computer storage media.FIG. 7 shows, for example adisk storage724.Disk storage724 includes, but is not limited to, devices like a magnetic disk drive, floppy disk drive, tape drive, Jaz drive, Zip drive, LS-100 drive, flash memory card, or memory stick.
In addition,disk storage724 can include storage media separately or in combination with other storage media including, but not limited to, an optical disk drive such as a compact disk ROM device (CD-ROM), CD recordable drive (CD-R Drive), CD rewritable drive (CD-RW Drive) or a digital versatile disk ROM drive (DVD-ROM). To facilitate connection of thedisk storage devices724 to thesystem bus718, a removable or non-removable interface is typically used such asinterface726.
It is to be appreciated thatFIG. 7 describes software that acts as an intermediary between users and the basic computer resources described in thesuitable operating environment700. Such software includes anoperating system728.Operating system728, which can be stored ondisk storage724, acts to control and allocate resources of thecomputer system712.
System applications730 take advantage of the management of resources byoperating system728 throughprogram modules732 andprogram data734 stored either insystem memory716 or ondisk storage724. It is to be appreciated that the claimed subject matter can be implemented with various operating systems or combinations of operating systems.
A user enters commands or information into thecomputer712 through input device(s)736.Input devices736 include, but are not limited to, a pointing device (such as a mouse, trackball, stylus, or the like), a keyboard, a microphone, a joystick, a satellite dish, a scanner, a TV tuner card, a digital camera, a digital video camera, a web camera, and/or the like. Theinput devices736 connect to theprocessing unit714 through thesystem bus718 via interface port(s)738. Interface port(s)738 include, for example, a serial port, a parallel port, a game port, and a universal serial bus (USB).
Output device(s)740 use some of the same type of ports as input device(s)736. Thus, for example, a USB port may be used to provide input to thecomputer712, and to output information fromcomputer712 to anoutput device740.
Output adapter742 is provided to illustrate that there are someoutput devices740 like monitors, speakers, and printers, amongother output devices740, which are accessible via adapters. Theoutput adapters742 include, by way of illustration and not limitation, video and sound cards that provide a means of connection between theoutput device740 and thesystem bus718. It can be noted that other devices and/or systems of devices provide both input and output capabilities such as remote computer(s)744.
Thecomputer712 can be a server hosting various software applications in a networked environment using logical connections to one or more remote computers, such as remote computer(s)744. The remote computer(s)744 may be client systems configured with web browsers, PC applications, mobile phone applications, and the like.
The remote computer(s)744 can be a personal computer, a server, a router, a network PC, a workstation, a microprocessor based appliance, a mobile phone, a peer device or other common network node and the like, and typically includes many or all of the elements described relative to thecomputer712.
For purposes of brevity, only amemory storage device746 is illustrated with remote computer(s)744. Remote computer(s)744 is logically connected to thecomputer712 through anetwork interface748 and then physically connected via acommunication connection750.
Network interface748 encompasses wire and/or wireless communication networks such as local-area networks (LAN) and wide-area networks (WAN). LAN technologies include Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI), Copper Distributed Data Interface (CDDI), Ethernet, Token Ring and the like. WAN technologies include, but are not limited to, point-to-point links, circuit switching networks like Integrated Services Digital Networks (ISDN) and variations thereon, packet switching networks, and Digital Subscriber Lines (DSL).
Communication connection(s)750 refers to the hardware/software employed to connect thenetwork interface748 to thebus718. Whilecommunication connection750 is shown for illustrative clarity insidecomputer712, it can also be external to thecomputer712. The hardware/software for connection to thenetwork interface748 may include, for exemplary purposes only, internal and external technologies such as, mobile phone switches, modems including regular telephone grade modems, cable modems and DSL modems, ISDN adapters, and Ethernet cards.
Anexemplary processing unit714 for the server may be a computing cluster comprising Intel® Xeon CPUs. Thedisk storage724 may comprise an enterprise data storage system, for example, holding thousands of impressions.
What has been described above includes examples of the subject innovation. It is, of course, not possible to describe every conceivable combination of components or methodologies for purposes of describing the claimed subject matter, but one of ordinary skill in the art may recognize that many further combinations and permutations of the subject innovation are possible. Accordingly, the claimed subject matter is intended to embrace all such alterations, modifications, and variations that fall within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.
In particular and in regard to the various functions performed by the above described components, devices, circuits, systems and the like, the terms (including a reference to a “means”) used to describe such components are intended to correspond, unless otherwise indicated, to any component which performs the specified function of the described component (e.g., a functional equivalent), even though not structurally equivalent to the disclosed structure, which performs the function in the herein illustrated exemplary aspects of the claimed subject matter. In this regard, it will also be recognized that the innovation includes a system as well as a computer-readable storage media having computer-executable instructions for performing the acts and/or events of the various methods of the claimed subject matter.
There are multiple ways of implementing the subject innovation, e.g., an appropriate API, tool kit, driver code, operating system, control, standalone or downloadable software object, etc., which enables applications and services to use the techniques described herein. The claimed subject matter contemplates the use from the standpoint of an API (or other software object), as well as from a software or hardware object that operates according to the techniques set forth herein. Thus, various implementations of the subject innovation described herein may have aspects that are wholly in hardware, partly in hardware and partly in software, as well as in software.
The aforementioned systems have been described with respect to interaction between several components. It can be appreciated that such systems and components can include those components or specified sub-components, some of the specified components or sub-components, and/or additional components, and according to various permutations and combinations of the foregoing. Sub-components can also be implemented as components communicatively coupled to other components rather than included within parent components (hierarchical).
Additionally, it can be noted that one or more components may be combined into a single component providing aggregate functionality or divided into several separate sub-components, and any one or more middle layers, such as a management layer, may be provided to communicatively couple to such sub-components in order to provide integrated functionality. Any components described herein may also interact with one or more other components not specifically described herein but generally known by those of skill in the art.
In addition, while a particular feature of the subject innovation may have been disclosed with respect to only one of several implementations, such feature may be combined with one or more other features of the other implementations as may be desired and advantageous for any given or particular application. Furthermore, to the extent that the terms “includes,” “including,” “has,” “contains,” variants thereof, and other similar words are used in either the detailed description or the claims, these terms are intended to be inclusive in a manner similar to the term “comprising” as an open transition word without precluding any additional or other elements.